Laser marking apparatus and marking method for train axles

Abstract

The present application relates to train axle processing technical field, especially train axle laser marking equipment and marking method for train axle, equipment includes: suspension module, for suspending laser marking equipment at predetermined working height; Positioning and clamping module is connected with suspension module, for realizing matching and fixing with train axle; Balance adjusting mechanism is arranged in suspension module, for adjusting the gravity center distribution of suspension module; Laser marking execution module is installed on the suspension module, for executing laser marking work on the axle end face; Wherein, the positioning and clamping module triggers the laser marking execution module to execute marking work after completing positioning matching with train axle, the present application solves the problems of low positioning accuracy, equipment inclination and lack of automatic detection in the prior art through the cooperative work of suspension module, positioning and clamping module and laser marking execution module, has the advantages of improving marking precision and stability, avoiding the identification blur caused by equipment inclination.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of train axle processing technology, and in particular to laser marking equipment and marking method for train axles. Background Technology

[0002] During the production and maintenance of train axles, permanent markings need to be engraved on the axle end faces to achieve full lifecycle traceability management of train axles. Due to its durable marking effect and high processing efficiency, laser marking equipment has become the main equipment used for marking train axle end faces. After the laser marking equipment is matched with the axle positioning, the marking operation can be carried out to complete the marking of the axle end faces, simplifying the process of train axle marking and improving the efficiency of train axle marking.

[0003] Existing laser marking equipment for train axles relies heavily on a single method of clamping the axle's outer circumference or manual alignment to position the equipment relative to the axle. To facilitate compatibility with axles of different sizes, the positioning structure has a certain clearance. Furthermore, the equipment often uses a simple suspension structure, which can easily lead to marking position deviation, misalignment between the marking and the axle center, and a lack of balance adjustment capabilities. This can cause the equipment to tilt forward or backward during operation, disrupting the coaxiality of the marking optical path. Additionally, the absence of a proper clamping trigger mechanism makes the equipment prone to displacement during marking, ultimately resulting in blurred markings on the axle end face. This fails to meet the high-precision, high-efficiency marking requirements for train axles. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a laser marking device and method for train axles, which has the advantages of improving marking accuracy and stability, ensuring accurate marking timing through an automatic triggering mechanism, and avoiding blurry markings caused by equipment tilt.

[0005] This application provides a laser marking device for train axles, the technical solution of which is as follows: It includes: a suspension module for suspending the laser marking equipment at a predetermined working height; a positioning and clamping module connected to the suspension module for matching and fixing with the train axle; a balance adjustment mechanism located on the suspension module for adjusting the center of gravity distribution of the suspension module; and a laser marking execution module installed on the suspension module for performing laser marking operations on the axle end face; wherein, after the positioning and clamping module completes the positioning and matching with the train axle, it triggers the laser marking execution module to perform the marking operation.

[0006] Furthermore, this application also proposes that the positioning clamping module includes a positioning fixture mounting plate, a handheld chuck support plate, a center hole positioning structure, and an auxiliary positioning mechanism. The positioning fixture mounting plate is the mounting base of the positioning clamping module, the handheld chuck support plate is fixedly connected to the positioning fixture mounting plate, and the center hole positioning structure and the auxiliary positioning mechanism are both mounted on the handheld chuck support plate.

[0007] Furthermore, this application also proposes that the center hole positioning structure includes a positioning pin mounted on the hand-held chuck support plate, the positioning pin being used to match and insert into the center hole of the axle; the auxiliary positioning mechanism includes a movable V-clamp and a drive cylinder, the piston rod of the drive cylinder being connected to the V-clamp, driving the movable V-clamp to move in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the positioning pin, for clamping and releasing the outer periphery of the axle after the center hole positioning structure matches the axle.

[0008] Furthermore, this application also proposes that the positioning pin includes a first positioning pin and a second positioning pin; the first positioning pin is vertically installed on the center of the outer surface of the hand-held chuck support plate for matching and inserting into the center positioning hole of the axle; the second positioning pin is adjustablely installed on the outer surface of the hand-held chuck support plate for adapting to the circumferential positioning holes of train axles of different specifications.

[0009] Furthermore, this application also proposes that the suspension module includes a lifting rod, a lifting rod connecting plate, and an operating grip module. The lifting rod is fixedly connected to the lifting rod connecting plate, and the lifting rod connecting plate is connected to the hand grip support plate. The operating grip module is installed on the outside of the lifting rod connecting plate to form a rigid suspension frame. The operating grip module includes a left handle, a right handle, and a handle cover plate. The handle cover plate is respectively disposed on the top of the left handle and the right handle, and the handle cover plate is configured as a control auxiliary positioning mechanism.

[0010] Furthermore, this application also proposes to include a triangular reinforcing plate, which comprises four sets of reinforcing plates, and the four sets of reinforcing plates are distributed in a distributed manner on the outer periphery of the lifting rod connecting plate and the handheld clamp support plate.

[0011] Furthermore, this application also proposes that the balance adjustment mechanism includes several horizontally arranged suspension holes on the lifting rod and a horizontally oriented slide groove on the side of the hand-held chuck support plate. The suspension holes are configured to adjust the left-right balance of the entire device. The lifting rod connecting plate is mounted on the hand-held chuck support plate in an adjustable position via fasteners that pass through the slide groove. The slide groove is configured to adjust the front-back balance of the entire device.

[0012] Furthermore, this application proposes that the laser marking execution module includes a laser generating unit, an axle end face marking head, and an optical path support plate. The laser generating unit is connected to the axle end face marking head, and the axle end face marking head is fixedly installed on the handheld clamp support plate through the optical path support plate. The axle end face marking head is used to engrave permanent marks on the end face of the train axle. The optical path support plate is provided in four sets and symmetrically placed on the handheld clamp support plate to provide rigid support for the laser marking execution module.

[0013] Furthermore, this application also proposes a marking method for the aforementioned laser marking equipment used for train axles, comprising the following steps: S1. The equipment is suspended in the working position by the suspension module, and the lifting rod and handle are used for initial positioning to align the center hole positioning structure with the center of the axle end face. S2. Push the device to insert the first and second positioning pins into the center hole of the axle, while simultaneously making the movable V-shaped clamp contact the outer periphery of the axle; S3. When the center hole positioning structure is matched with the axle and the movable V-clamp is in contact with the outer periphery of the axle, control the drive cylinder to drive the movable V-clamp to clamp the axle. S4. After receiving the clamping signal, the laser marking execution module starts. The laser generating unit generates laser light and transmits it to the customized axle end face marking head through the optical path. The customized axle end face marking head engraves the mark on the end face of the train axle according to the preset parameters. S5. After marking is completed, control the drive cylinder to drive the movable V-clamp to release the train axle. The operator moves the equipment to the next work station by using the left and right handles. Repeat steps S1-S4 to complete the continuous marking operation.

[0014] Furthermore, this application also proposes that step S1 further includes: adjusting the center of gravity distribution of the suspension module through a balance adjustment mechanism to prevent the equipment from tilting in the clamped state, and pre-adjusting the installation position of the locating pin according to the axle specifications.

[0015] As can be seen from the above, the laser marking equipment and method for train axles provided in this application, through the coordinated work of the suspension module, the positioning and clamping module, the balance adjustment mechanism and the laser marking execution module, wherein the positioning and clamping module automatically triggers the marking operation after completing the positioning and matching, thereby solving the problems of low positioning accuracy, easy tilting of equipment and lack of automatic detection in the prior art, and has the advantages of improving marking accuracy and stability, ensuring accurate marking timing through the automatic triggering mechanism, and avoiding blurry markings caused by equipment tilt. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 A schematic diagram showing the structure of the train axle laser marking equipment of the present invention; Figure 2 An exploded structural diagram showing the train axle laser marking equipment of the present invention; Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing the structure of the train axle laser marking equipment of the present invention from another perspective; Figure 4 express Figure 3 A magnified structural diagram of part A in the middle.

[0018] The symbols in the attached image are explained as follows: 1-Suspension module; 2-Positioning and clamping module; 3-Laser marking execution module; 11-Lifting rod; 12-Lifting rod connecting plate; 13-Left handle; 14-Right handle; 15-Handle cover plate; 16-Triangular reinforcing plate; 17-Suspension hole; 21-Positioning fixture mounting plate; 22-Handheld chuck support plate; 23-Center hole positioning structure; 24-Modible V-clamp; 25-Drive cylinder; 26-Slide groove; 31-Laser generating unit; 32-Axle end face marking head; 33-Optical path support plate; 231-First positioning pin; 232-Second positioning pin. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] Please refer to Figures 1-4 This application provides a laser marking device for train axles, the technical solution of which is as follows: It includes: a suspension module 1 for suspending the laser marking equipment at a predetermined working height; a positioning and clamping module 2 connected to the suspension module 1 for matching and fixing with the train axle; a balance adjustment mechanism set on the suspension module 1 for adjusting the center of gravity distribution of the suspension module 1; and a laser marking execution module 3 installed on the suspension module 1 for performing laser marking operations on the end face of the axle. The positioning and clamping module 2 triggers the laser marking execution module 3 to perform the marking operation after completing the positioning and matching with the train axle.

[0021] Understandably, the suspension module 1 serves to stably suspend the laser marking equipment at a predetermined working height. The suspension module 1 can consist of one or more suspension points, designed to connect to external lifting or support devices, thereby allowing the equipment to be raised, lowered, and fixed vertically. For example, a top plate with multiple connection holes can be used, allowing the suspension points to be adjusted by selecting different connection holes to accommodate different working environments and operator heights. The positioning and clamping module 2 connects to the suspension module 1 to achieve precise matching and fixation with the train axle. It uses an interface with a specific geometry that engages with a feature of the axle (e.g., a center hole or a specific groove) for initial positioning, followed by fixation using additional clamping devices. The balance adjustment mechanism, located on the suspension module 1, adjusts the overall center of gravity distribution of the equipment. This balance adjustment mechanism can be implemented by setting movable counterweights that can move along a specific trajectory on the frame of the suspension module 1, adjusting the equipment's center of gravity by changing their positions. For example, a slide rail can be installed on the crossbeam of suspension module 1, and a counterweight can be mounted on the slide rail via a slider and locked in different positions by fasteners to achieve balance adjustment in the left-right or front-back directions of the equipment. Laser marking execution module 3 can consist of a laser generator and a laser marking head. The laser generator produces a laser beam and transmits it to the marking head through an optical path system. The marking head typically integrates a galvanometer system to control the scanning path of the laser beam on the axle end face, thereby engraving the preset markings.

[0022] In this embodiment, the workflow is designed such that after the positioning and clamping module 2 completes its positioning and matching with the train axle, it triggers the laser marking execution module 3 to perform the marking operation. This triggering mechanism can be implemented using a sensor integrated into the positioning and clamping module 2, such as a limit switch or pressure sensor. When the positioning and clamping module 2 is fully in place and applies sufficient clamping force to the axle, the sensor emits an electrical signal, which is then transmitted to the control system of the laser marking execution module 3, thereby initiating the laser marking process. This design ensures that the marking operation can only begin after the equipment is precisely aligned and fixed to the axle, avoiding marking errors caused by inaccurate positioning or insecure fixing.

[0023] The laser marking equipment in this embodiment achieves stable suspension through the suspension module 1, and the positioning and clamping module 2 ensures precise matching and fixation between the equipment and the train axle, effectively avoiding the positioning inaccuracies and marking deviations caused by traditional single clamping or manual alignment. The balance adjustment mechanism solves the problems of the simple suspension structure lacking balance capability and the equipment being prone to tilting, which would damage the coaxiality of the optical path.

[0024] This embodiment also proposes that the positioning clamping module 2 includes a positioning fixture mounting plate 21, a handheld chuck support plate 22, a center hole positioning structure 23, and an auxiliary positioning mechanism. The positioning fixture mounting plate 21 is the mounting base of the positioning clamping module 2. The handheld chuck support plate 22 is fixedly connected to the positioning fixture mounting plate 21. The center hole positioning structure 23 and the auxiliary positioning mechanism are both mounted on the handheld chuck support plate 22, and the auxiliary positioning mechanism is arranged on both sides of the auxiliary positioning mechanism.

[0025] Understandably, through the above technical solution, the positioning and clamping module 2 is concretized as a collaborative working system consisting of a positioning fixture mounting plate 21, a handheld chuck support plate 22, a center hole positioning structure 23, and an auxiliary positioning mechanism. The positioning fixture mounting plate 21 serves as a stable mounting base, providing a solid foundation for the entire positioning and clamping module 2. The handheld chuck support plate 22 supports the core positioning and clamping components. The center hole positioning structure 23 utilizes the center hole of the axle itself to achieve precise axial alignment between the equipment and the axle, greatly improving the initial positioning accuracy and repeatability. The auxiliary positioning mechanism, based on the center hole positioning, further reliably clamps the outer circumference of the axle, effectively preventing the axle from shaking or shifting during the marking process. This structured design enables the laser marking equipment to quickly, accurately, and stably match and fix with the train axle, significantly improving the accuracy, efficiency, and reliability of laser marking operations, and avoiding marking quality problems caused by inaccurate positioning or insecure clamping.

[0026] This embodiment also proposes that the center hole positioning structure 23 includes a positioning pin mounted on the handheld chuck support plate 22, the positioning pin being used to match and insert into the center hole of the axle; the auxiliary positioning mechanism includes a movable V-clamp 24 and a drive cylinder 25, the piston rod of the drive cylinder 25 being connected to the V-clamp, driving the movable V-clamp 24 to move in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the positioning pin, for clamping and releasing the outer periphery of the axle after the center hole positioning structure 23 matches the axle.

[0027] Understandably, locating pins are typically cylindrical or conical, designed to fit snugly into the center hole of the train axle. By inserting the locating pin into the center hole of the axle, precise axial alignment of the equipment with the axle can be achieved, providing a stable reference for subsequent marking operations. The V-clamp has a V-groove, its geometry allowing for multi-point contact with the cylindrical outer circumferential surface of the axle, thus providing stable radial support and clamping force. Furthermore, the contact surface of the movable V-clamp 24 can be textured with anti-slip material or coated with elastic material to increase friction and protect the axle surface from damage.

[0028] This embodiment ensures high-precision initial axial alignment of the laser marking equipment by matching the locating pin with the center hole of the axle, laying an accurate foundation for the marking operation. Secondly, after the center hole locating structure 23 completes the matching, the drive cylinder 25 drives the movable V-clamp 24 to move in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the locating pin, clamping the outer circumference of the axle. The V-shaped structure of the movable V-clamp 24 provides stable radial support and self-centering capability. Combined with the reliable clamping force provided by the drive cylinder 25, it effectively prevents shaking, displacement, or vibration that may occur during the marking process, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the laser marking operation and the clarity of the markings.

[0029] This embodiment also proposes that the positioning pin includes a first positioning pin 231 and a second positioning pin 232; the first positioning pin 231 is vertically installed on the center of the outer surface of the handheld chuck support plate 22 for matching and inserting into the center positioning hole of the axle; the second positioning pin 232 is adjustablely installed on the outer surface of the handheld chuck support plate 22 for adapting to the circumferential positioning holes of train axles of different specifications.

[0030] Understandably, the first locating pin 231 is a key component for the initial alignment of the device with the axle. It is precisely and vertically fixed at the center of the handheld chuck support plate 22, and its design dimensions and shape match the center locating hole of the train axle. When the device is pushed towards the axle by the operator, the first locating pin 231 first inserts into the center locating hole of the axle, thereby achieving axial alignment between the device and the axle and ensuring that the laser marking execution module 3 can operate on the center area of ​​the axle. The second locating pin 232 is used to provide additional circumferential positioning and prevent the axle from rotating. It is mounted on the outer surface of the handheld chuck support plate 22, but its mounting position is adjustable. This adjustability can be achieved in several ways. For example, the second locating pin 232 can be mounted on a base with a groove 26, sliding and locking in a specific position within the groove 26 by fasteners (such as screws); or, a series of mounting holes at different positions can be pre-set on the handheld chuck support plate 22, and the operator can select the appropriate mounting hole to fix the second locating pin 232 according to the specifications of the axle to be marked. By adjusting the position of the second locating pin 232, it can be matched and inserted into the pre-set circumferential locating holes (e.g., auxiliary holes for balancing or inspection) on train axles of different specifications. This further locks the rotation angle of the axle based on center positioning, ensuring the precise directionality of the marking content.

[0031] This embodiment also proposes that the suspension module 1 includes a lifting rod 11, a lifting rod connecting plate 12, and an operation grip module. The lifting rod 11 is fixedly connected to the lifting rod connecting plate 12, and the lifting rod connecting plate 12 is connected to the hand grip support plate 22. The operation grip module is installed on the outside of the lifting rod connecting plate 12 to form a rigid suspension frame. The operation grip module includes a left handle 13, a right handle 14, and a handle cover plate 15. The handle cover plate 15 is respectively disposed on the top of the left handle 13 and the right handle 14, and the handle cover plate 15 is configured as a control auxiliary positioning mechanism.

[0032] Understandably, the lifting rod 11 is the main load-bearing component in the suspension module 1, typically a rod-shaped or tubular structure. One end can be used to connect to an external suspension device (such as a hook, balancer, etc.), while the other end is fixedly connected to the lifting rod connecting plate 12. The lifting rod connecting plate 12 acts as a structural bridge between the lifting rod 11 and the handheld grip support plate 22, responsible for transmitting the load and operating force borne by the lifting rod 11 to the handheld grip support plate 22, and subsequently to the entire positioning and clamping module 2. The left handle 13 and right handle 14 are specific components of the operating grip module, located on either side for the operator to hold with both hands. This dual-handle design helps the operator distribute operating force more evenly, improving the control accuracy and stability of the equipment, especially during precise alignment and movement. The handle surfaces can be made of non-slip, shock-absorbing materials to enhance grip comfort. The handle cover plate 15 integrates control elements for triggering or adjusting the auxiliary positioning mechanism, such as buttons, levers, or touch sensors. This integrated design allows operators to easily control the clamping action while holding the equipment, without having to remove their hands, thus achieving continuity and efficiency in operation.

[0033] Therefore, this embodiment effectively enhances the overall structural stability of the equipment in a suspended state. The design of the left handle 13 and right handle 14 in the operating grip module allows the operator to hold the equipment stably with both hands, thereby achieving higher precision and more stable control when aligning the center hole positioning structure 23 with the center of the axle end face. The handle cover plate 15 is configured as a direct control auxiliary positioning mechanism. While maintaining a stable grip on the equipment, the operator can instantly trigger or release the clamping of the axle without switching operating postures or searching for independent control buttons. This simplifies the work process, improves the continuity and efficiency of operation, reduces operator fatigue, and effectively avoids positioning deviations or clamping errors caused by inconvenient operation, thereby ensuring the accuracy and reliability of laser marking operations.

[0034] This embodiment also proposes that a triangular reinforcing plate 16 is included, comprising four sets of reinforcing plates, and the four sets of reinforcing plates are distributed on the outer periphery of the lifting rod connecting plate 12 and the handheld clamp support plate 22.

[0035] Understandably, the triangular reinforcing plate 16 is a component that utilizes the inherent stability of the triangular geometry to enhance the structural stiffness and strength. These reinforcing plates are typically made of high-strength materials, such as aluminum alloy or stainless steel. The distributed layout means that these four sets of reinforcing plates are not concentrated at one point, but are distributed around the area where the lifting rod connecting plate 12 connects to the handgrip support plate 22, for example, located in the front, back, left, and right directions or the four corners of the connecting area.

[0036] Therefore, this embodiment effectively enhances the connection rigidity between the suspension module 1 and the positioning and clamping module 2 by distributing four sets of triangular reinforcing plates 16 on the outer periphery of the lifting rod connecting plate 12 and the handheld clamping support plate 22. During the process of suspending, positioning, and clamping the train axle, the weight of the equipment itself and the force applied by the operator are effectively dispersed and transmitted, significantly improving the deformation resistance and overall stability of the connection structure. This ensures that the laser marking execution module 3 can maintain a precise relative position during marking operations, avoiding marking deviations caused by structural swaying.

[0037] This embodiment also proposes that the balance adjustment mechanism includes several horizontally arranged suspension holes 17 on the lifting rod 11 and a horizontally oriented sliding groove 26 on the side of the handheld chuck support plate 22. The suspension holes 17 are configured to adjust the left and right balance of the entire device. The lifting rod connecting plate 12 is installed on the handheld chuck support plate 22 in an adjustable position through fasteners that pass through the sliding groove 26. The sliding groove 26 is configured to adjust the front and rear balance of the entire device.

[0038] Understandably, the several horizontally arranged suspension holes 17 on the lifting rod 11 are typically arranged at equal or non-equal intervals along the length direction (i.e., the horizontal direction) of the lifting rod 11. By selectively hooking the suspension points of the suspension module 1 (e.g., hooks connected to lifting equipment or balance cranes) into different suspension holes 17, the center of gravity of the equipment in the left-right direction can be changed. When the equipment is unbalanced in the left-right direction, the operator can choose to move the suspension point to the suspension hole 17 on the unbalanced side to counteract the unbalanced torque and restore the equipment to left-right balance. The horizontally oriented groove 26 on the side of the hand-held chuck support plate 22 is typically formed on the side of the hand-held chuck support plate 22 and extends horizontally. Its function is to provide an adjustable mounting track for the lifting rod connecting plate 12. The lifting rod connecting plate 12 is mounted on the hand-held chuck support plate 22 in an adjustable position by fasteners passing through the groove 26. Specifically, the lifting rod connecting plate 12 is fixed to the hand-held chuck support plate 22 by fasteners such as bolts and nuts passing through the groove 26. By loosening the fasteners, the operator can slide the lifting rod connecting plate 12 along the slide groove 26, thereby changing the front-to-back position of the suspension module 1 relative to the positioning and clamping module 2. When the equipment is unbalanced in the front-to-back direction, adjusting the position of the lifting rod connecting plate 12 in the slide groove 26 can effectively adjust the overall front-to-back center of gravity of the equipment, bringing it into a balanced state. After adjustment, the fasteners are retightened to ensure the fixation of the lifting rod connecting plate 12 and the stability of the equipment.

[0039] Through the above technical solution, this application effectively solves the problem of potential imbalance of the center of gravity during equipment suspension and operation. Several horizontally arranged suspension holes 17 on the lifting rod 11 allow operators to flexibly select appropriate suspension points based on the actual left-right weight distribution of the equipment, thereby achieving precise left-right balance. Simultaneously, the horizontally oriented sliding groove 26 on the side of the handgrip support plate 22, in conjunction with the lifting rod connecting plate 12, allows for precise adjustment of the equipment's front-to-back center of gravity through adjustable fasteners, ensuring that the equipment remains horizontally stable during suspension and preventing tilting due to center of gravity shift.

[0040] This embodiment also proposes that the laser marking execution module 3 includes a laser generating unit 31, an axle end face marking head 32, and an optical path support plate 33. The laser generating unit 31 is connected to the axle end face marking head 32, and the axle end face marking head 32 is fixedly installed on the handheld clamp support plate 22 through the optical path support plate 33. The axle end face marking head 32 is used to engrave permanent marks on the end face of the train axle. The optical path support plate 33 is provided in four sets and symmetrically placed on the handheld clamp support plate 22 to provide rigid support for the laser marking execution module 3.

[0041] Understandably, the optical path support plate 33 has four sets symmetrically placed on the handheld gripper support plate 22, providing highly rigid support for the laser marking execution module 3. This multi-point symmetrical rigid support structure can effectively resist vibrations, impacts, or operating forces that the equipment may encounter in the suspended and clamped state and during the marking operation, significantly improving the overall stability of the laser marking execution module 3.

[0042] This embodiment also proposes a marking method for the aforementioned laser marking equipment used for train axles, comprising the following steps: S1. The equipment is suspended in the working position by the suspension module 1, and the lifting rod 11 and handle are used for initial positioning to align the center hole positioning structure 23 with the center of the axle end face. S2. Push the device to insert the first and second positioning pins into the center hole of the axle, and at the same time make the movable V-clamp 24 contact the outer periphery of the axle; S3. When the center hole positioning structure 23 is matched with the axle and the movable V-clamp 24 is in contact with the outer periphery of the axle, the control drive cylinder 25 drives the movable V-clamp 24 to clamp the axle. S4. After receiving the clamping signal, the laser marking execution module 3 starts. The laser generating unit 31 generates laser and transmits it to the customized axle end face marking head 32 through the optical path. The customized axle end face marking head 32 marks the axle end face of the train according to the preset parameters. S5. After marking is completed, control the drive cylinder 25 to drive the movable V-clamp to release the train axle. The operator moves the equipment to the next work station through the left handle 13 and the right handle 14. Repeat steps S1-S4 to complete the continuous marking operation.

[0043] This embodiment provides an efficient, precise, and easy-to-operate laser marking process for train axles. First, the coordinated action of the suspension module 1 and the operating grip module enables rapid initial positioning of the equipment. Combined with a balance adjustment mechanism for fine adjustment of the center of gravity distribution, this effectively prevents tilting during subsequent clamping, ensuring marking stability. Second, the cooperation between the center hole positioning structure 23 and the auxiliary positioning mechanism not only ensures precise alignment between the equipment and the axle but also achieves reliable clamping of the axle via the drive cylinder 25, providing a solid foundation for laser marking. The laser marking execution module 3 automatically starts upon receiving the clamping signal, ensuring that the marking operation is performed under stable equipment and accurate positioning, thereby improving marking quality and consistency. Finally, the automatic release and convenient equipment transfer design after marking significantly improves the efficiency of continuous marking operations and reduces the labor intensity of operators. Overall, this method enables the laser marking equipment to adapt to axles of different specifications, achieving fast, accurate, and stable marking operations, significantly improving the automation level and operational efficiency of train axle marking.

[0044] This embodiment also proposes that step S1 further includes: adjusting the center of gravity distribution of the suspension module 1 through the balance adjustment mechanism to avoid the equipment tilting in the clamped state, and pre-adjusting the installation position of the positioning pin according to the axle specifications.

[0045] Understandably, by selecting the connection points of the suspension module 1 on different suspension holes 17 of the lifting rod 11, the overall left-right center of gravity distribution of the equipment can be changed. For example, when the equipment is heavily loaded on one side, the suspension point can be moved to the suspension hole 17 on the other side to counteract the off-center load. Simultaneously, by adjusting the position of the lifting rod connecting plate 12 in the slide groove 26 of the handgrip support plate 22 and securing it with fasteners, the overall front-rear center of gravity distribution of the equipment can be changed. For example, when the front or rear of the equipment is heavier, the equipment can be rebalanced by moving the lifting rod connecting plate 12 back and forth in the slide groove 26. This adjustment aims to ensure that the equipment's center of gravity is aligned with the central axis of the axle or the clamping point when it is positioned and clamped with the axle, thereby preventing the equipment from tilting due to a shift in the center of gravity.

[0046] Furthermore, before marking, the operator can pre-adjust the installation position of the second positioning pin 232 according to the specific specifications of the train axle to be marked, such as the diameter, length, and position and size of its circumferential positioning holes. This is typically achieved by loosening the fasteners securing the second positioning pin 232, moving it along a preset track or hole on the outer surface of the hand-held chuck support plate 22 to a position that matches the current axle's circumferential positioning hole, and then retightening it. This pre-adjustment ensures that the positioning pin can be accurately inserted into the axle's center hole and circumferential positioning hole, thus providing a precise and stable positioning reference for subsequent clamping and marking operations.

[0047] As can be seen from the above, the laser marking equipment and marking method for train axles provided in this application, through the coordinated work of the suspension module 1, the positioning and clamping module 2, the balance adjustment mechanism and the laser marking execution module 3, wherein the positioning and clamping module 2 automatically triggers the marking operation after completing the positioning and matching, thereby solving the problems of low positioning accuracy, easy tilting of equipment and lack of automatic detection in the prior art, and has the advantages of improving marking accuracy and stability, ensuring accurate marking timing through the automatic triggering mechanism, and avoiding blurry markings caused by equipment tilt.

[0048] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural transformations made using the contents of the present invention's specification and drawings under the inventive concept of the present invention, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser marking device for train axles, characterized in that, include: The suspension module is used to suspend the laser marking equipment at a predetermined working height; The positioning and clamping module is connected to the suspension module and is used to match and fix the train axle; A balance adjustment mechanism is provided on the suspension module for adjusting the center of gravity distribution of the suspension module; A laser marking execution module is installed on the suspension module and is used to perform laser marking operations on the axle end face; The positioning and clamping module triggers the laser marking execution module to perform the marking operation after completing the positioning and matching with the train axle.

2. The laser marking equipment for train axles as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The positioning and clamping module includes a positioning fixture mounting plate, a handheld chuck support plate, a center hole positioning structure, and an auxiliary positioning mechanism. The positioning fixture mounting plate is the mounting base of the positioning and clamping module. The handheld chuck support plate is fixedly connected to the positioning fixture mounting plate. The center hole positioning structure and the auxiliary positioning mechanism are both mounted on the handheld chuck support plate.

3. The laser marking equipment for train axles as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The center hole positioning structure includes a positioning pin mounted on the hand-held chuck support plate, the positioning pin being used to match and insert into the center hole of the axle; The auxiliary positioning mechanism includes a movable V-clamp and a drive cylinder. The piston rod of the drive cylinder is connected to the movable V-clamp, driving the movable V-clamp to move in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the positioning pin. This is used to clamp and release the outer periphery of the axle after the center hole positioning structure matches the axle.

4. The laser marking equipment for train axles as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The positioning pin includes a first positioning pin and a second positioning pin; The first positioning pin is vertically installed at the center of the outer surface of the handheld chuck support plate, and is used to match and insert into the center positioning hole of the axle; The second positioning pin is adjustablely mounted on the outer surface of the hand-held clamp support plate to adapt to the circumferential positioning holes of train axles of different specifications.

5. The laser marking equipment for train axles as described in any one of claims 2-4, characterized in that, The suspension module includes a lifting rod, a lifting rod connecting plate, and an operating grip module. The lifting rod is fixedly connected to the lifting rod connecting plate, the lifting rod connecting plate is connected to the hand grip support plate, and the operating grip module is installed on the outside of the lifting rod connecting plate to form a rigid suspension frame. The operation grip module includes a left handle, a right handle, and a handle cover. The handle cover is respectively disposed on the top of the left handle and the right handle, and the handle cover is configured to control the auxiliary positioning mechanism.

6. The laser marking equipment for train axles as described in claim 5, characterized in that, It also includes a triangular reinforcing plate, which comprises four sets of reinforcing plates, and the four sets of reinforcing plates are distributed on the outer periphery of the lifting rod connecting plate and the handheld clamp support plate for connection.

7. The laser marking equipment for train axles as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The balance adjustment mechanism includes several horizontally arranged suspension holes on the lifting rod and a horizontally oriented sliding groove on the side of the handheld gripper support plate. The suspension holes are configured to adjust the left-right balance of the entire device. The lifting rod connecting plate is adjustablely mounted on the handheld gripper support plate by fasteners passing through the sliding groove. The sliding groove is configured to adjust the front-back balance of the entire device.

8. The laser marking equipment for train axles as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The laser marking execution module includes a laser generating unit, an axle end face marking head, and an optical path support plate. The laser generating unit is connected to the axle end face marking head, and the axle end face marking head is fixedly installed on the handheld clamp support plate through the optical path support plate. The axle end face marking head is used to engrave permanent markings on the end face of the train axle. The optical path support plate is provided in four sets and is symmetrically placed on the handheld clamp support plate to provide rigid support for the laser marking execution module.

9. A marking method, characterized in that, The laser marking equipment for train axles as described in any one of claims 5-8 comprises the following steps: S1. The equipment is suspended in the working position by the suspension module, and the lifting rod and handle are used for initial positioning to align the center hole positioning structure with the center of the axle end face. S2. Push the device to insert the first positioning pin and the second positioning pin into the center hole of the axle, and at the same time make the movable V-shaped clamp contact the outer periphery of the axle; S3. When the center hole positioning structure is matched with the axle and the movable V-clamp is in contact with the outer periphery of the axle, control the drive cylinder to drive the movable V-clamp to clamp the axle. S4. After receiving the clamping signal, the laser marking execution module starts. The laser generating unit generates laser light and transmits it through the optical path to the customized axle end face marking head. The customized axle end face marking head engraves markings on the end face of the train axle according to preset parameters. S5. After marking is completed, control the drive cylinder to drive the movable V-clamp to release the train axle. The operator moves the equipment to the next work station by using the left and right handles. Repeat steps S1-S4 to complete the continuous marking operation.

10. The marking method as described in claim 9, characterized in that, Step S1 also includes: adjusting the center of gravity distribution of the suspension module through a balance adjustment mechanism to prevent the device from tilting in the clamped state, and pre-adjusting the installation position of the positioning pin according to the axle specifications.

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