Highway communication sheath extrusion traction device and control method thereof

Abstract

This invention relates to a highway communication sheath extrusion traction device and its control method, belonging to the field of cable manufacturing equipment and control technology. The device includes a multi-stage tracked drive module, a negative pressure pneumatic field generation system, and a hydraulic floating base. The multi-stage tracked drive module surface carries independent non-Newtonian particle capsule units, each filled with low-density spherical microparticles. These capsule units are situated on the hydraulic floating base. This solution utilizes the fluidity of the particles under normal pressure by setting non-Newtonian particle capsule units filled with spherical microparticles on the multi-stage tracked drive module, allowing them to perfectly conform to the geometry of the communication optical cable. Compared to the rigid contact of traditional rubber track blocks, this solution significantly increases the contact area, achieving uniform force distribution without strain energy concentration and avoiding indentations on the sheath surface caused by uneven pressure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of cable manufacturing equipment and its control, specifically to a highway communication sheath extrusion traction device and its control method. Background Technology

[0002] In the extrusion production of communication cable sheaths for highways, the traction process is the core step to ensure the geometric stability of the communication optical cable. Currently, traditional traction equipment mostly uses rigid or semi-rigid rubber track blocks to clamp the extruded optical cable and provide axial traction force. However, because the freshly extruded communication optical cable sheath is in a high-temperature semi-molten state, it has extremely high viscoelasticity and rheological sensitivity, which presents the following technical challenges in actual production:

[0003] Existing technologies struggle to resolve the physical contradiction between high traction force and low radial pressure. To ensure production efficiency and traction stability, sufficient clamping force must be applied to generate the required friction. However, in a semi-molten state, traditional rigid clamps are prone to leaving obvious indentations on the surface of the optical cable sheath, and may even cause irreversible rheological deformation of the optical cable cross-section, resulting in the ellipticity of the finished sheath exceeding the safe range, which seriously affects the subsequent laying and communication performance of the optical cable.

[0004] Current technologies lack methods for real-time monitoring and feedback of the softness and hardness of optical cable sheaths. During the extrusion process, the rheological properties of the sheath are in dynamic change due to fluctuations in ambient temperature, temperature control errors in the cooling water tank, and variations in extrusion speed. Current equipment typically uses only fixed pressure and speed for traction, and cannot sensitively adjust according to the actual hardness of the sheath surface. When the sheath softens due to excessive temperature, the fixed clamping force can lead to severe cross-sectional collapse. Conversely, when the sheath hardens, insufficient clamping force can cause micro-slippage between the optical cable and the track, resulting in fluctuations in traction speed and consequently uneven sheath thickness or surface wear.

[0005] Furthermore, existing traction devices are insufficient in protecting against mechanical vibrations in the production line. During high-speed traction, optical cables are prone to high-frequency oscillations such as axial torsion or radial sway. Traditional support bases often cannot simultaneously ensure smooth responsiveness at low speeds and rigid damping under high-speed impacts. This oscillation is directly transmitted to the traction interface, disrupting the stability of the clamping state and further exacerbating the uncertainty in controlling the sheath geometry.

[0006] In summary, existing technologies cannot effectively quantify and avoid the deformation risks caused by material rheological behavior while ensuring traction efficiency, making it difficult to achieve precise control over the geometric dimensions of large-diameter communication optical cable sheaths, and posing significant product quality risks.

[0007] The information disclosed in the background section above is only intended to enhance the understanding of the background of this disclosure, and therefore may include information that does not constitute prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide a highway communication sheath extrusion traction device and its control method to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0009] The technical solution of the present invention includes: S1, setting up a multi-stage tracked drive module, a negative pressure pneumatic field generation system and a hydraulic floating base, wherein the surface of the multi-stage tracked drive module carries independent non-Newtonian particle capsule units, the non-Newtonian particle capsule units are filled with low-density spherical microparticles, the non-Newtonian particle capsule units are set on the hydraulic floating base, and the hydraulic floating base is filled with shear thickening fluid.

[0010] S2. The large-diameter communication optical cable that has been extruded and passed through the cooling water tank is introduced into the multi-stage tracked drive module, wherein the communication optical cable sheath is in a semi-molten high viscoelastic state.

[0011] S3. Start the multi-stage tracked drive module to control the non-Newtonian particle capsule unit to contact the surface of the communication optical cable under normal pressure. Spherical microparticles flow in the non-Newtonian particle capsule unit to conform to the geometry of the communication optical cable.

[0012] S4. Activate the negative pressure pneumatic field generation system to apply negative pressure to the non-Newtonian particle capsule unit in contact with the communication optical cable, extract the air inside the non-Newtonian particle capsule unit to generate a particle blocking effect, switch the non-Newtonian particle capsule unit to a near-solid rigid state and lock the contact shape, and transmit tangential traction force through contour interlocking.

[0013] S5. During the traction process, the gas flow rate attenuation rate of the negative pressure pneumatic field generation system is monitored in real time, and the vacuum threshold of the negative pressure pneumatic field generation system and the effective clamping length of the multi-stage tracked drive module are adjusted according to the gas flow rate attenuation rate to keep the ellipticity of the communication optical cable sheath within the preset range.

[0014] Preferably, before step S1, the following steps are included: S1.1, establishing a rheological adaptation-vacuum degree mapping model, with the optimization objectives of minimizing the ellipticity error of the communication optical cable sheath and minimizing the traction speed fluctuation, simulating and calculating the target stiffness and vacuum degree threshold corresponding to the gas flow rate attenuation rate under different traction speeds.

[0015] Preferably, in step S1.1: the rheological adaptation-vacuum mapping model defines the functional relationship between the target stiffness and the gas flow rate attenuation rate and the traction speed, wherein the gas flow rate attenuation rate characterizes the softness of the sheath and the traction speed characterizes the production efficiency; the optimization objective also includes preventing rheological collapse or microslippage on the sheath surface.

[0016] Preferably, in step S4, the working state of the hydraulic floating base includes: when the communication optical cable experiences low-frequency radial fluctuations, the shear thickening fluid exhibits a low-viscosity fluid state, allowing the non-Newtonian particle capsule unit to make high-precision fine adjustments in the radial direction; when the communication optical cable experiences high-frequency axial torsional oscillations, the shear thickening fluid undergoes a phase change and exhibits a high-damping solidification state, locking the degrees of freedom of the non-Newtonian particle capsule unit base.

[0017] Preferably, step S5 includes: calculating the gas flow rate attenuation rate during the current pumping process; comparing the gas flow rate attenuation rate with a preset safe rheological zone threshold; if the gas flow rate attenuation rate is higher than the preset safe rheological zone threshold, determining that the communication optical cable sheath is too soft, reducing the vacuum setting value of the negative pressure pneumatic field generation system to keep the non-Newtonian particle capsule unit in a semi-rigid state, and increasing the number of non-Newtonian particle capsule units put into operation by the multi-stage tracked drive module to compensate for the decrease in friction of a single unit; if the gas flow rate attenuation rate is not higher than the preset safe rheological zone threshold, maintaining the current vacuum setting value and the number of non-Newtonian particle capsule units.

[0018] Preferably, in step S1, the spherical microparticles are polystyrene microspheres, and the skin of the non-Newtonian particle capsule unit is made of highly elastic and wear-resistant silicone material.

[0019] Preferably, in step S5, the preset range is that the ellipticity of the communication optical cable sheath is less than 1.5%.

[0020] A highway communication sheath extrusion traction device includes: a multi-stage tracked drive module for providing basic traction displacement along the optical cable axis; non-Newtonian particle capsule units, arrayed on the traction surface of the multi-stage tracked drive module, filled with spherical microparticles; a negative pressure pneumatic field generation system connected to the non-Newtonian particle capsule units via an air passage for changing the internal air pressure of the non-Newtonian particle capsule units; and a hydraulic floating base disposed between the multi-stage tracked drive module and the non-Newtonian particle capsule units, the hydraulic floating base being filled with a shear-thickening fluid, and adjacent hydraulic floating base cavities being connected end-to-end via a one-way damping valve.

[0021] Preferably, a flow sensor is installed in the air path of the negative pressure pneumatic field generation system. The flow sensor is used to monitor the gas flow rate attenuation rate in real time during the pumping process.

[0022] This invention provides an improved highway communication sheath extrusion traction device and its control method, which, compared with the prior art, has the following improvements and advantages:

[0023] 1. This solution sets up non-Newtonian particle capsule units filled with spherical microparticles on a multi-stage tracked drive module. By utilizing the fluidity of the particles under normal pressure, it can perfectly fit the geometry of the communication optical cable. Compared with the rigid contact of traditional rubber track blocks, this solution greatly increases the contact area, realizes uniform force without strain energy concentration, and avoids indentations on the sheath surface caused by uneven pressure.

[0024] 2. This solution introduces variable stiffness control logic based on particle blockage effect. Air is extracted from the capsule through a negative pressure pneumatic field generation system, causing the internal particles to compress each other under pressure difference, creating a blockage effect. This switches the non-Newtonian particle capsule unit from a fluid state to a near-solid rigid state. This phase change process transmits traction force through shape interlocking rather than simply increasing radial pressure. While ensuring sufficient axial tensile force, the radial pressure is maintained at an extremely low level, significantly improving the molding quality of the semi-molten sheath.

[0025] 3. This solution employs a hydraulically floating base filled with a shear-thickening fluid. During low-frequency radial oscillations, the fluid exhibits a low-viscosity state, allowing the capsule to make radial fine adjustments with the minute deformation of the optical cable. However, when encountering high-frequency axial oscillations, the fluid undergoes a phase change, exhibiting a highly damped solidification state, instantly locking the base's degrees of freedom and dissipating energy. This causal response mechanism effectively isolates the interference of mechanical vibrations on the traction interface, ensuring the continuity and stability of the traction process under harsh working conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0026] The present invention will be further explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall external structure of the device;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a structural schematic diagram of a multi-stage tracked drive module and a hydraulic floating base;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a non-Newtonian particle capsule unit;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of a hydraulic floating base;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the process flow of the method of the present invention.

[0032] In the diagram: 100, multi-stage tracked drive module; 110, precision chain plate; 120, servo drive mechanism; 200, non-Newtonian particle capsule unit; 300, hydraulic floating base; 310, piston rod; 320, base cavity; 330, shear thickening fluid; 340, one-way damping valve; 400, negative pressure pneumatic field generation system; 410, rotary air connector; 420, main air extraction pipeline; 430, flow sensor; 500, communication optical cable. Detailed Implementation

[0033] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0034] Example 1:

[0035] Please see Figure 1-5 This invention provides a control method for a highway communication sheath extrusion traction device, comprising:

[0036] S1. A multi-stage tracked drive module 100, a negative pressure pneumatic field generation system 400, and a hydraulic floating base 300 are provided. The multi-stage tracked drive module 100 supports independent non-Newtonian particle capsule units 200 on its surface. The non-Newtonian particle capsule units 200 are filled with low-density spherical microparticles. The non-Newtonian particle capsule units 200 are set on the hydraulic floating base 300. The hydraulic floating base 300 is filled with shear thickening fluid 330.

[0037] S2. The large-diameter communication optical cable 500, which has been extruded and passed through a cooling water tank, is introduced into the multi-stage tracked drive module 100, wherein the sheath of the communication optical cable 500 is in a semi-molten high viscoelastic state.

[0038] S3. Start the multi-stage tracked drive module 100 and control the non-Newtonian particle capsule unit 200 to contact the surface of the communication optical cable 500 under normal pressure. The spherical microparticles flow in the non-Newtonian particle capsule unit 200 to conform to the geometry of the communication optical cable 500.

[0039] S4. Start the negative pressure pneumatic field generation system 400, apply negative pressure to the non-Newtonian particle capsule unit 200 in contact with the communication optical cable 500, extract the air inside the non-Newtonian particle capsule unit 200 to generate a particle blocking effect, switch the non-Newtonian particle capsule unit 200 to a near-solid rigid state and lock the contact shape, and transmit tangential traction force through contour interlocking.

[0040] S5. During the traction process, the gas flow rate attenuation rate of the negative pressure pneumatic field generation system 400 is monitored in real time, and the vacuum threshold of the negative pressure pneumatic field generation system 400 and the effective clamping length of the multi-stage tracked drive module 100 are adjusted according to the gas flow rate attenuation rate to keep the ellipticity of the sheath of the communication optical cable 500 within the preset range.

[0041] In this embodiment, in view of the physical characteristics of large-diameter communication optical cable 500 which is prone to rheological deformation in a semi-molten state, a set of variable stiffness traction logic based on particle blockage effect is constructed. In step S1, the multi-level tracked drive module 100 is specifically implemented as a servo motor driven precision chain plate 110 conveying mechanism. Its surface is not directly mounted with traditional rubber track blocks, but carries non-Newtonian particle capsule units 200 with flexible skin. This capsule unit is similar to a controllable sandbag and has fluid flow under normal pressure. When the high temperature and high viscoelasticity optical cable enters the traction area in step S2, traditional rigid clamps are very likely to leave indentations on the surface of the optical cable or cause its cross-section to become elliptical.

[0042] In step S3, this method utilizes the flexibility of the capsule unit under normal pressure, allowing it to encapsulate the optical cable like a liquid. Regardless of whether the current cross-section of the optical cable is absolutely regular, the capsule can achieve a perfect fit without stress concentration, maximizing the contact area. Subsequently, in step S4, the air inside the capsule is rapidly extracted using a negative pressure source such as a vacuum pump. The spherical microparticles inside are squeezed and interlocked under the pressure difference, producing a physical blocking effect. At this point, the capsule instantly transforms from a soft bag into a hard mold that is completely complementary to the surface shape of the optical cable. This phase transition process transmits axial traction force through shape locking rather than simple friction without increasing the radial clamping force, thus resolving the contradiction between high traction force and low radial pressure. Step S5 introduces a dynamic feedback mechanism, using the characteristics of gas flow rate changes to infer the softness and hardness of the optical cable, thereby adjusting the system stiffness and clamping length to ensure the stability of the geometric dimensions of the finished optical cable.

[0043] Before step S1, the following steps are included: S1.1, establishing a rheological adaptation-vacuum degree mapping model, with the optimization objectives of minimizing the ellipticity error of the 500 sheath of the communication optical cable and minimizing the traction speed fluctuation, simulating and calculating the target stiffness and vacuum degree threshold corresponding to the gas flow rate attenuation rate under different traction speeds.

[0044] In step S1.1: the rheological adaptation-vacuum mapping model defines the functional relationship between the target stiffness and the gas flow rate attenuation rate and the traction speed, where the gas flow rate attenuation rate characterizes the softness of the sheath and the traction speed characterizes the production efficiency; the optimization objectives also include preventing rheological collapse or microslippage on the sheath surface.

[0045] This embodiment further elaborates on the pre-calculation process before traction control, aiming to solve the control problem caused by the nonlinear rheological behavior of optical cable sheath materials under different temperatures and speeds. The model characterizes the sealing evolution law of the contact interface between the capsule skin and the sheath, that is, the softer the sheath, the faster its microscopic deformation under pressure, resulting in a shorter air path sealing time. Thus, the rheological properties of the material are directly mapped through the flow attenuation characteristics. The rheological adaptation-vacuum degree mapping model is not a simple linear equation, but a multidimensional lookup table matrix or neural network model built based on a large amount of experimental data. In order to meet the requirements of clear model function and logical relationship, the specific construction logic of the rheological adaptation-vacuum degree mapping model in step S1.1 of this embodiment is as follows:

[0046] The purpose of this model is to accurately estimate the rheological state of the semi-molten sheath through indirect variables when the real-time hardness of the semi-molten sheath cannot be directly measured, thereby resolving the physical contradiction between traction force transmission and preventing sheath deformation, and ensuring that the optical cable does not slip or flatten during high-speed production.

[0047] This model essentially abstracts and characterizes the coupling relationship between gas dynamics in porous media and viscoelasticity of polymer materials. Specifically, it is based on the following physical law: when non-Newtonian particle capsules come into contact with the surface of optical cable, if the sheath is soft and has low viscosity, the capsule particles can quickly fill the microscopic gaps to achieve a seal, resulting in a steep attenuation characteristic of the pumping flow rate curve; conversely, if the sheath is hard, the sealing process is delayed, and the flow rate attenuation is gradual. Therefore, the model uses the gas flow rate attenuation rate as the core physical probe to characterize the real-time softness of the sheath.

[0048] Logical Structure and Data Flow: Logically, this model consists of three cascaded processing units:

[0049] Status recognition unit: Receives real-time data from flow sensor 430, calculates the flow attenuation slope, maps it to a preset rheological property library, and outputs the estimated value of the current sheath's equivalent elastic modulus.

[0050] Target stiffness calculation unit: Based on the traction speed setpoint, calculate the minimum friction force required to prevent slippage. Based on the proportional relationship between friction force, normal force and contact area in physics, i.e., traction force ∝ contact pressure × friction coefficient, calculate the target stiffness required to maintain stable traction at the current speed, i.e., the hardness after capsule blockage.

[0051] The optimization decision unit matches and optimizes the identified sheath softness with the calculated target stiffness. If the sheath is too soft, the model will output a lower vacuum threshold to limit the contact pressure and prevent collapse. At the same time, it uses compensation logic to output instructions to increase the effective clamping length, that is, to increase the number of working capsules, so as to maintain the total traction force unchanged under low pressure. Finally, the model outputs the optimized vacuum setpoint to the actuator to realize feedforward control.

[0052] In step S4, the working states of the hydraulic floating base 300 include: when the communication optical cable 500 experiences low-frequency radial fluctuations, the shear thickening fluid 330 exhibits a low-viscosity fluid state, allowing the non-Newtonian particle capsule unit 200 to make fine adjustments in the radial direction; when the communication optical cable 500 experiences high-frequency axial torsional oscillations, the shear thickening fluid 330 undergoes a phase change and exhibits a high-damping solidification state, locking the degrees of freedom of the non-Newtonian particle capsule unit 200 base.

[0053] This embodiment details the adaptive damping characteristics of the hydraulic floating base 300 under different operating conditions. This characteristic utilizes the non-Newtonian fluid properties of the shear-thickening fluid 330. Structurally, the hydraulic floating base 300 consists of a piston cylinder filled with an STF, such as a polyethylene glycol suspension with dispersed nano-silica particles. The capsule unit is installed at the end of the piston rod 310. Based on fluid dynamics principles, the working logic of this base exhibits a clear causal response mechanism:

[0054] Low-frequency adaptation logic: During normal extrusion traction, the diameter of the optical cable only fluctuates at a low frequency and a small amplitude due to the small pulsation of the extruder, resulting in a low movement speed of the piston rod 310 of the hydraulic floating base 300. At this time, the shear rate acting on the shear thickening fluid 330 is lower than its critical phase change threshold, and the particles inside the fluid are arranged in an orderly manner, exhibiting a low-viscosity Newtonian fluid state. Therefore, the base exhibits flexible floating characteristics, allowing the capsule unit to make radial height fine adjustments with the small deformation of the optical cable, ensuring that the traction center is always aligned with the optical cable axis.

[0055] High-frequency locking logic: When the cable core inside the optical cable twists or high-frequency axial oscillation occurs due to sudden changes in traction tension, the irregular cross-section or eccentric movement of the optical cable will generate high-frequency radial impact on the base, forcing the piston rod 310 to attempt high-speed movement. Because of this instantaneous high-speed movement, the fluid is subjected to an extremely high shear rate, and the nanoparticles instantly aggregate to form a particle cluster structure. The fluid viscosity rises sharply and undergoes a phase change, exhibiting solid-like characteristics, i.e., a blocking effect. The degree of freedom of the base is instantly locked, which is manifested as extremely high damping stiffness, dissipating or blocking the high-frequency oscillation energy on the spot, preventing the resonance caused by the oscillation to be transmitted to the traction module, and also preventing the capsule unit from detaching from the surface of the optical cable due to oscillation, ensuring the stability of the conformal interlocking state under harsh working conditions.

[0056] Step S5 includes: calculating the gas flow rate attenuation rate during the current pumping process; comparing the gas flow rate attenuation rate with a preset safe rheological zone threshold; if the gas flow rate attenuation rate is higher than the preset safe rheological zone threshold, determining that the sheath of the communication optical cable 500 is too soft, reducing the vacuum setting value of the negative pressure pneumatic field generation system 400 to keep the non-Newtonian particle capsule unit 200 in a semi-rigid state, and increasing the number of non-Newtonian particle capsule units 200 put into operation by the multi-stage tracked drive module 100 to compensate for the decrease in friction of a single unit; if the gas flow rate attenuation rate is not higher than the preset safe rheological zone threshold, maintaining the current vacuum setting value and the number of non-Newtonian particle capsule units 200; in step S5, the preset range is that the ellipticity of the sheath of the communication optical cable 500 is less than 1.5%.

[0057] This embodiment constructs a closed-loop control logic based on implicit physical feature extraction. In actual production, it is impossible to directly measure the hardness of the semi-molten sheath. Therefore, this method uses the gas flow rate decay rate as a proxy variable for hardness. The system records the flow-time curve at the moment of gas extraction using a high-frequency sampling flow meter and calculates its slope and decay rate. When the decay rate is higher than the preset safe rheological zone threshold, it physically indicates that the capsule has completed sealing in a very short time, meaning that the sheath is extremely soft and prone to plastic deformation. At this time, the controller immediately executes a protective degradation strategy.

[0058] This vacuum threshold essentially defines the upper limit of the positive pressure for interlocking particles. By limiting the evacuation depth, it prevents the capsule from generating excessive radial compressive stress on the semi-molten sheath, reduces the end pressure of the vacuum pump, and prevents the particles inside the capsule from being completely locked, maintaining a semi-rigid, slightly variable state. This allows the capsule to yield to the slight deformation of the sheath, thereby controlling the ellipticity of the finished product within the strict standard of 1.5%. However, reducing the vacuum level will lead to a decrease in the shear transmission capacity and gripping force of individual capsules.

[0059] To maintain a constant total traction force and prevent slippage, the system synchronously instructs the multi-stage track modules to extend their effective working area. For example, the servo drive mechanism 120 adjusts the clamping stroke of the multi-stage track drive module 100, allowing more capsule units to engage. Specifically, by adjusting the longitudinally arranged clamping cylinders or screw mechanisms of the multi-stage track drive module 100, the length of the straight section in contact between the track and the optical cable is changed, thereby dynamically adjusting the total number of non-Newtonian particle capsule units 200 participating in the work. This strategy of exchanging quantity for strength ensures the continuity and stability of the traction process while protecting the fragile sheath.

[0060] The specific definitions and determination methods for the core parameters and thresholds involved in this step are as follows: The calculation logic for the gas flow rate attenuation rate is as follows: The controller does not use data from the entire pumping process, but instead extracts flow data within a specific time window after negative pressure startup, such as t0 to t0+100ms. The calculation logic is as follows:

[0061]

[0062] in, This represents the peak flow rate at the moment of suction. The flow rate at the end of the time window. In this embodiment, the sampling time window is... The preferred value range is... to This is to ensure the coverage of the transient process of negative pressure establishment;

[0063] Definition and source of the preset safe rheological zone threshold: This threshold is a critical slope value calibrated experimentally. The calibration process is as follows: In offline mode, an air extraction test is performed on a standard hardness optical cable sample, and its flow attenuation rate is recorded as a reference value; at the same time, a standard radial preload equivalent to the actual traction condition is applied, and the sample is heated until its surface hardness drops to the maximum allowable ellipticity deformation critical point, which corresponds to the material state at ellipticity of 1.5%. The flow attenuation rate measured at this time is then solidified as the preset safe rheological zone threshold. In production, once the real-time calculated Rate exceeds this threshold, the logic determines that the current sheath hardness is below the critical safety point, and the pressure reduction protection must be triggered.

[0064] This processing flow extracts the dynamic characteristics of flow rate changes through differential operations, eliminating the interference of static leakage, thereby enabling sensitive capture of the deformation rate of the sheath in the initial stage of pressure.

[0065] In step S1, the spherical microparticles are polystyrene microspheres, and the skin of the non-Newtonian particle capsule unit 200 is made of highly elastic and wear-resistant silicone material.

[0066] In this embodiment, the key constituent materials of the non-Newtonian particle capsule unit 200 are optimized and limited to meet the requirements of low inertia and high wear resistance for high-speed traction; the spherical microparticles are selected from polystyrene microspheres and PS microspheres, which have low density and high sphericity, so that the fluidity between particles can be quickly restored after the negative pressure is released, which makes it easy for the capsule to quickly reset its shape in the next cycle.

[0067] Meanwhile, the low density reduces the overall mass of the capsule unit, which helps to reduce the impact of centrifugal force when the track module is running at high speed; the skin is made of high-elasticity wear-resistant silicone material, which can withstand the heat radiation of the high-temperature sheath that has just been extruded without aging due to the excellent temperature resistance of silicone; the high coefficient of friction of silicone helps to provide initial adhesion in the soft contact stage, and its high elastic modulus ensures that the skin will not fatigue crack during repeated vacuuming-inflating cycles, thereby extending the service life of the core consumables.

[0068] Example 2:

[0069] Please see Figure 1-4 A highway communication sheath extrusion traction device includes: a multi-stage tracked drive module 100 for providing basic traction displacement along the optical cable axis; non-Newtonian particle capsule units 200, arrayed on the traction surface of the multi-stage tracked drive module 100, filled with spherical microparticles; a negative pressure pneumatic field generation system 400, connected to the non-Newtonian particle capsule units 200 via an air passage, for changing the internal air pressure of the non-Newtonian particle capsule units 200; and a hydraulic floating base 300, disposed between the multi-stage tracked drive module 100 and the non-Newtonian particle capsule units 200, the hydraulic floating base 300 being filled with a shear-thickening fluid 330, and adjacent cavities of the hydraulic floating base 300 being connected end-to-end via a one-way damping valve 340 and a high-pressure resistant flexible armored hose with a reserved displacement compensation margin.

[0070] This embodiment specifies the hardware device for implementing the above control method. The multi-stage tracked drive module 100 adopts an upper and lower opposing track structure and is synchronously driven by a servo motor to provide continuous axial displacement for the optical cable. The non-Newtonian particle capsule units 200 are fastened to the track chain plates in an array, and each unit works independently. The negative pressure pneumatic field generation system 400 includes a vacuum pump group, a distribution air passage, and a rotary air connector 410 that rotates synchronously with the track, ensuring that the capsules at specific positions can be evacuated or inflated during the movement of the track. The hydraulic floating base 300 is designed as a series fluid damping network, with a hydraulic chamber corresponding to the bottom of each capsule unit, and adjacent chambers are connected by a one-way damping valve 340.

[0071] Because the one-way damping valve 340 restricts the one-way flow resistance of the fluid between adjacent base cavities 320, a stepped support stiffness distribution can be formed when the track moves from the entry end to the exit end, so that the traction force is smoothly transitioned along the entire length of the optical cable, avoiding stress abrupt changes. This interconnected structure not only utilizes the high-frequency hardening characteristics of the shear thickening fluid 330 itself to resist sudden vibrations, but also realizes the pressure gradient distribution between the track entry end and the exit end through the one-way valve, making the traction force more evenly distributed along the optical cable axis, avoiding sheath damage caused by excessive local stress.

[0072] A flow sensor 430 is installed on the air path of the negative pressure pneumatic field generation system 400. The flow sensor 430 is used to monitor the gas flow rate attenuation rate in real time during the pumping process.

[0073] This embodiment emphasizes the core components of the sensing system. A flow sensor 430 is connected in series on the main extraction line 420 or a distribution branch of the negative pressure pneumatic field generation system 400. Preferably, a thermal mass flow meter or a high-frequency differential pressure flow meter is used. The sensor's high response characteristics enable it to capture millisecond-level dynamic changes in airflow. At the instant the capsule unit contacts the optical cable and begins vacuuming, the flow sensor 430 continuously collects airflow data and transmits it to the central controller. This data not only reflects the current vacuum build-up speed but, more importantly, directly maps the compression rate of the capsule's internal volume through the slope of the flow rate decay over time—the gas flow rate decay rate. This reveals the deformation response characteristics of the optical cable sheath under pressure. This hardware setup is the key interface for digitizing the rheological state of the optical cable, providing a unique real-time feedback signal source for subsequent variable stiffness control.

[0074] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A control method for a highway communication sheath extrusion traction device, characterized in that, include: S1. A multi-stage tracked drive module (100), a negative pressure pneumatic field generation system (400), and a hydraulic floating base (300) are set up. The multi-stage tracked drive module (100) carries independent non-Newtonian particle capsule units (200) on its surface. The non-Newtonian particle capsule units (200) are filled with low-density spherical microparticles. The non-Newtonian particle capsule units (200) are set on the hydraulic floating base (300). The hydraulic floating base (300) is filled with shear thickening fluid (330). S2. The large-diameter communication optical cable (500) that has been extruded and passed through a cooling water tank is introduced into a multi-level tracked drive module (100), wherein the sheath of the communication optical cable (500) is in a semi-molten high viscoelastic state. S3. Start the multi-stage tracked drive module (100) to control the non-Newtonian particle capsule unit (200) to contact the surface of the communication optical cable (500) under normal pressure. The spherical microparticles flow in the non-Newtonian particle capsule unit (200) to conform to the geometry of the communication optical cable (500). S4. Start the negative pressure pneumatic field generation system (400) to apply negative pressure to the non-Newtonian particle capsule unit (200) in contact with the communication optical cable (500), extract the air inside the non-Newtonian particle capsule unit (200) to generate a particle blocking effect, so that the non-Newtonian particle capsule unit (200) switches to a near-solid rigid state and locks the contact shape, and transmits tangential traction force through contour interlocking; S5. During the traction process, the gas flow rate attenuation rate of the negative pressure pneumatic field generation system (400) is monitored in real time, and the vacuum threshold of the negative pressure pneumatic field generation system (400) and the effective clamping length of the multi-level tracked drive module (100) are adjusted according to the gas flow rate attenuation rate to keep the ellipticity of the sheath of the communication optical cable (500) within the preset range.

2. The control method for a highway communication sheath extrusion traction device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before step S1, the following steps are included: S1.1, establishing a rheological adaptation-vacuum degree mapping model, with the optimization objectives of minimizing the ellipticity error of the sheath of the communication optical cable (500) and minimizing the traction speed fluctuation, simulating and calculating the target stiffness and vacuum degree threshold corresponding to the gas flow rate attenuation rate under different traction speeds.

3. The control method for a highway communication sheath extrusion traction device according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step S1.1: the rheological adaptation-vacuum mapping model defines the functional relationship between the target stiffness and the gas flow rate attenuation rate and the traction speed, where the gas flow rate attenuation rate characterizes the softness of the sheath and the traction speed characterizes the production efficiency; the optimization objectives also include preventing rheological collapse or microslippage on the sheath surface.

4. The control method for a highway communication sheath extrusion traction device according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the working states of the hydraulic floating base (300) include: when the communication optical cable (500) experiences low-frequency radial fluctuations, the shear thickening fluid (330) exhibits a low-viscosity fluid state, allowing the non-Newtonian particle capsule unit (200) to make fine adjustments in the radial direction; when the communication optical cable (500) experiences high-frequency axial torsional oscillations, the shear thickening fluid (330) undergoes a phase change and exhibits a high-damping solidification state, locking the degree of freedom of the non-Newtonian particle capsule unit (200) base.

5. The control method for a highway communication sheath extrusion traction device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S5 includes: calculating the gas flow rate attenuation rate during the current pumping process; comparing the gas flow rate attenuation rate with a preset safe rheological zone threshold; if the gas flow rate attenuation rate is higher than the preset safe rheological zone threshold, determining that the sheath of the communication optical cable (500) is too soft, reducing the vacuum setting value of the negative pressure pneumatic field generation system (400), keeping the non-Newtonian particle capsule unit (200) in a semi-rigid state, and increasing the number of non-Newtonian particle capsule units (200) put into operation by the multi-stage tracked drive module (100) to compensate for the decrease in friction of a single unit; if the gas flow rate attenuation rate is not higher than the preset safe rheological zone threshold, maintaining the current vacuum setting value and the number of non-Newtonian particle capsule units (200).

6. The control method for a highway communication sheath extrusion traction device according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the spherical microparticles are polystyrene microspheres, and the skin of the non-Newtonian particle capsule unit (200) is made of highly elastic and wear-resistant silicone material.

7. The control method for a highway communication sheath extrusion traction device according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S5, the preset range is that the ellipticity of the sheath of the communication optical cable (500) is less than 1.5%.

8. A highway communication sheath extrusion traction device, applied to the control method of the highway communication sheath extrusion traction device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, include: A multi-stage tracked drive module (100) is used to provide basic traction displacement along the optical cable axis; a non-Newtonian particle capsule unit (200) is arrayed on the traction surface of the multi-stage tracked drive module (100) and filled with spherical microparticles; a negative pressure pneumatic field generation system (400) is connected to the non-Newtonian particle capsule unit (200) through an air passage and is used to change the internal air pressure of the non-Newtonian particle capsule unit (200); a hydraulic floating base (300) is set between the multi-stage tracked drive module (100) and the non-Newtonian particle capsule unit (200), and the hydraulic floating base (300) is filled with shear thickening fluid (330), and the cavities of adjacent hydraulic floating bases (300) are connected end to end through a one-way damping valve (340).

9. The highway communication sheath extrusion traction device according to claim 8, characterized in that, A flow sensor (430) is installed on the air path of the negative pressure pneumatic field generation system (400). The flow sensor (430) is used to monitor the gas flow rate attenuation rate during the pumping process in real time.

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