An electric drive axle assembly and vehicle

Abstract

The application discloses an electric drive axle assembly and a vehicle, and relates to the technical field of electric drive systems of vehicles, which comprises a drive axle body, a drive shell, a drive shaft arranged in the drive shell, the drive axle body is connected with the drive shell through a mounting shell flange, the drive shaft has an engaging end located in a gear cavity and engaged with a transmission gear, the drive shaft is used for driving an output shaft, the drive shell is provided with a sealing cover at the end of the drive shaft, one side of the sealing cover is provided with a connecting shaft connected with a drive source, the drive shaft is coaxially fixed with an oil taking disc on the side close to the sealing cover, the oil taking disc rotates synchronously with the drive shaft, the oil taking disc comprises a collection arc plate arranged in the circumferential direction, the collection arc plate and the oil taking disc jointly form an oil collecting cavity, the collection arc plate is provided with an oil guide bump used for guiding the oil splashed by the gear engagement into the oil collecting cavity, the oil collecting cavity is provided with an oil outlet, the oil outlet is communicated with an oil channel arranged in the sealing cover and the drive shell, and the oil channel leads to a spraying position.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of vehicle electric drive system technology, specifically to an electric drive axle assembly and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of new energy vehicles, electric drive axles, as key components of vehicle power systems, typically integrate functional modules such as motors, reduction mechanisms, and differential mechanisms. Their compact structure and high power density place higher demands on the lubrication and cooling performance of transmission components. Especially during the operation of electric drive axles, the transmission gears continuously mesh under high speed and high load conditions. If lubrication or cooling is insufficient, it can easily lead to accelerated tooth surface wear, excessive temperature rise, and increased noise, thereby affecting the overall reliability and service life of the machine.

[0003] In existing electric drive axle assemblies, the lubrication methods for transmission gears and their meshing areas mainly include two types: oil pump forced lubrication and splash lubrication. Oil pump forced lubrication usually delivers lubricating oil to designated parts by setting up a lubricating oil pump and corresponding oil passage structure. Although it can achieve relatively precise oil supply, its structure is complex, costly, and occupies installation space, increasing the difficulty of system assembly and the risk of failure, which is not conducive to the miniaturization and high reliability design of electric drive axle assemblies.

[0004] On the other hand, splash lubrication relies on the oil ejected during gear meshing to lubricate the transmission components. It has a relatively simple structure and does not require an additional oil pump device, so it is used in some electric drive axles. However, traditional splash lubrication often suffers from low oil utilization. The splashed oil is randomly distributed in the gear cavity and it is difficult to stably and continuously enter the target meshing area. Especially under high-speed conditions or large attitude changes, the lubrication and cooling effects are unstable and it is difficult to meet the requirements of high power density electric drive axles for directional lubrication and cooling of the gear meshing end.

[0005] In addition, although some existing improvement solutions attempt to guide splashed oil through baffles or oil guiding structures, they still have problems such as limited oil collection capacity, easy loss of oil under centrifugal force, and large fluctuations in oil supply, making it difficult to form a stable oil supply path and spraying effect under conditions without an oil pump.

[0006] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a way to improve the capture efficiency of splashed oil and effectively and stably guide the oil to the gear meshing end for directional lubrication and cooling without setting up a lubricating oil pump, so as to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide an electric drive axle assembly and vehicle to solve the problem in the prior art where the lubrication and cooling effects are unstable under high-speed conditions or large attitude changes, making it difficult to meet the requirements of high power density electric drive axles for directional lubrication and cooling of the gear meshing ends.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an electric drive axle assembly and vehicle, comprising a drive axle body, a drive housing, and a drive shaft disposed within the drive housing. The drive axle body and the drive housing are connected via a mounting flange. The drive shaft has a meshing end located within a gear cavity and meshing with a transmission gear. The drive shaft is used to drive an output shaft. A sealing cover is provided at the end of the drive shaft in the drive housing. A connecting shaft connected to a drive source is provided on one side of the sealing cover. An oil collection tray is coaxially fixed to the drive shaft near the sealing cover. The oil collection tray rotates synchronously with the drive shaft. The oil collection tray includes a circumferentially arranged collecting arc plate. The collecting arc plate and the oil collection tray together form an oil collection cavity. An oil guiding protrusion is provided on the collecting arc plate for guiding the oil splashed from gear meshing into the oil collection cavity. The oil collection cavity is provided with an oil outlet, which communicates with an oil passage disposed within the sealing cover and the drive housing. The oil passage leads to a spray position, so that oil is guided from the oil outlet through the oil passage and sprayed onto the meshing end to lubricate and / or cool the meshing end.

[0009] Furthermore, the oil guiding protrusions are multiple protrusions spaced apart along the circumference, and the oil-facing side of the oil guiding protrusions is arranged towards the main direction of oil splashing in the area where the meshing end is located, so as to improve the capture efficiency of splashed oil.

[0010] Furthermore, the oil collection tray is equipped with a baffle plate, which together with the collection plate forms a flow-limiting or labyrinth structure to restrict the oil from being thrown out of the oil collection chamber under centrifugal force.

[0011] Furthermore, a drop step is provided inside the oil collecting chamber. The drop step forms an oil drop zone to promote the separation of air bubbles in the oil, thereby reducing the gas content of the oil output through the oil outlet.

[0012] Furthermore, a pressure-stabilizing chamber or buffer chamber is formed between the drop step and the oil outlet to reduce oil supply pulsation and stabilize injection.

[0013] Furthermore, the oil outlet is a tangential oil outlet or an oil outlet structure with a tangential guide surface, so that the rotating oil flow in the oil collecting chamber forms dynamic pressure at the oil outlet, thereby increasing the oil supply head under higher speed conditions.

[0014] Furthermore, the oil passage forms a nozzle hole or injection hole near the meshing end, and the axis of the nozzle hole or injection hole points to the meshing area or engagement side area of ​​the meshing end, so as to achieve directional spraying to the meshing end.

[0015] Furthermore, the oil passage is at least partially disposed within the sealing cover and the drive housing, and is connected to the injection position near the meshing end via a channel section on the drive shaft, wherein the channel section is a non-axial oil hole or a radial hole.

[0016] Furthermore, no lubricating oil pump is installed inside the drive housing. The oil collection plate captures splashed oil and forms a pressure head in the oil collection chamber by means of centrifugal force, so that the oil is sprayed to the meshing end for lubrication and / or cooling through the oil outlet and the oil passage.

[0017] A vehicle comprising the electric drive axle assembly described in any of the preceding claims.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides an electric drive axle assembly and vehicle, in which an oil collection plate is coaxially fixed on the side of the drive shaft near the sealing cover, and the oil collection plate rotates synchronously with the drive shaft; the oil collection plate is used to capture, collect and guide the splashed oil generated by gear meshing; the oil collection plate includes a collection arc plate arranged circumferentially, and the collection arc plate and the oil collection plate together form an oil collection cavity; the collection arc plate is provided with oil guiding protrusions, which are multiple protrusions spaced circumferentially; the oil-facing side of the oil guiding protrusions is arranged towards the main direction of oil splashing in the area where the meshing end is located. When the splashed oil generated by gear meshing moves towards the oil collection plate, the oil guiding protrusions can intercept and guide the oil, so that the oil enters and gathers in the oil collection cavity, thereby improving the capture efficiency of splashed oil; the oil collection plate can be integrally formed with the drive shaft, or connected by spline, key, or interference fit. Coaxial fixation can be achieved through fastener connections or other methods to adapt to different manufacturing processes and assembly requirements. The collecting arc plate can be a continuous ring structure along the circumference or a structure of multiple arc-shaped plate segments spaced apart along the circumference. An oil inlet gap can be formed between adjacent arc-shaped plate segments to reduce processing difficulty or improve oil flow characteristics while ensuring oil collection capacity. The oil collection tray is also equipped with a baffle arc plate, which forms a flow-limiting or labyrinth structure with the collecting arc plate to limit the oil from being thrown out of the oil collection chamber under centrifugal force, enhance the oil retention capacity of the oil collection chamber, and avoid ineffective oil loss. A drop step is set in the oil collection chamber, which constitutes the oil drop zone. After the oil enters the oil collection chamber, it falls and is disturbed at the drop step, causing the air bubbles entrained in the oil to float and separate, thereby reducing the gas content of the oil output through the oil outlet and improving the oil supply stability and lubrication reliability. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0020] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the electric drive axle assembly and the overall vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional structure of the drive housing provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the drive shaft structure from a first-view perspective provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the second-view structure of the drive shaft provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the collecting arc plate and oil guiding protrusion structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional structure of the oil sampling plate provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 7 Provided for embodiments of the present invention Figure 6 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0027] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of oil flow direction provided for an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0029] 1. Drive axle body; 2. Drive housing; 3. Output shaft; 4. Connecting shaft; 5. Sealing cover; 6. Drive shaft; 7. Engaging end; 8. Mounting housing; 9. Oil tray; 10. Collection arc plate; 11. Oil guide protrusion; 12. Lid-blocking arc plate; 13. Drop step; 14. Oil outlet. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0031] As attached Figure 1 To be continued Figure 8 As shown:

[0032] The electric drive axle assembly of this embodiment includes a drive axle body 1, a drive housing 2, and an output shaft 3; the drive axle body 1 and the drive housing 2 are connected by a mounting housing 8 flange to achieve the fixing and assembly positioning of the housing assembly.

[0033] like Figures 2-4As shown, the drive housing 2 has a gear cavity inside, and the drive shaft 6 is disposed inside the drive housing 2 and can rotate around its axis; the drive shaft 6 has a meshing end 7, which is located inside the gear cavity and meshes with the transmission gear, and the drive shaft 6 is used to drive the output shaft 3; the drive housing 2 is provided with a sealing cover 5 at the end of the drive shaft 6, which is used to close and seal the end area of ​​the drive shaft 6; a connecting shaft 4 is provided on one side of the sealing cover 5, which is used to connect to the drive source to transmit the power output by the drive source to the drive shaft 6.

[0034] like Figures 3-7 As shown, an oil collection plate 9 is coaxially fixed on the side of the drive shaft 6 near the sealing cover 5. The oil collection plate 9 rotates synchronously with the drive shaft 6. The oil collection plate 9 is used to capture, collect and guide the splashed oil generated by gear meshing. The oil collection plate 9 includes a collection arc plate 10 arranged circumferentially. The collection arc plate 10 and the oil collection plate 9 together form an oil collection cavity. The collection arc plate 10 is provided with oil guiding protrusions 11, which are multiple protrusion structures arranged circumferentially.

[0035] The number, shape, and size of the oil guiding protrusions 11 can be adjusted according to the oil splashing characteristics of the gear meshing area. For example, they can be set as strip-shaped protrusions, dot-shaped protrusions, or arc-shaped protrusions to enhance the capture and guidance effect of splashed oil. The baffle arc plate 12 can be set on the radial inner side or radial outer side of the collecting arc plate 10. Different forms of flow restriction or labyrinth structure can be formed between the baffle arc plate 12 and the collecting arc plate 10 to suppress oil splashing under different speed conditions. The baffle arc plate 12 can also be omitted in some embodiments, and the flow restriction effect is achieved by the structural shape of the collecting arc plate 10 itself.

[0036] The oil guide protrusion 11 is arranged with its oil-facing side facing the main direction of oil splashing in the area where the meshing end 7 is located. When the splashed oil generated by gear meshing moves towards the oil collection plate 9, the oil guide protrusion 11 can intercept and guide the oil, allowing the oil to enter and converge in the oil collection cavity, thereby improving the capture efficiency of splashed oil. The oil collection plate 9 can be integrally formed with the drive shaft 6, or it can be coaxially fixed by spline connection, key connection, interference fit or fastener connection, etc., to adapt to different manufacturing processes and assembly requirements. The collecting arc plate 10 can be a ring structure continuously arranged in the circumferential direction, or it can be a structure of multiple arc plate segments arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction. An oil entry gap can be formed between adjacent arc plate segments to reduce the processing difficulty or improve the oil flow characteristics while ensuring the oil collection capacity.

[0037] In some preferred embodiments, such as Figure 7 As shown, the oil collection tray 9 is also provided with a baffle plate 12. The baffle plate 12 and the collection plate 10 form a flow-limiting or labyrinth structure to limit the oil from being thrown out of the oil collection chamber under centrifugal force, enhance the oil retention capacity of the oil collection chamber, and avoid the ineffective loss of oil.

[0038] Furthermore, such as Figure 6 , Figure 7 As shown, a drop step 13 is provided in the oil collecting chamber, which constitutes the oil drop area. After the oil enters the oil collecting chamber, it drops and is disturbed at the drop step 13, which causes the air bubbles entrained in the oil to float and separate, thereby reducing the air content of the oil output through the oil outlet 14 and improving the oil supply stability and lubrication reliability.

[0039] In a preferred embodiment, a pressure stabilizing chamber or buffer chamber is formed between the drop step 13 and the oil outlet 14, which makes the oil output more stable, reduces oil supply pulsation and stabilizes the injection.

[0040] like Figures 6-8 As shown, the oil collection chamber is provided with an oil outlet 14, which is connected to an oil passage provided in the sealing cover 5 and the drive housing 2; the oil passage leads to the spray position, so that the oil is guided from the oil outlet 14 through the oil passage and sprayed to the meshing end 7 to lubricate and / or cool the meshing end 7.

[0041] In a preferred embodiment, the oil outlet 14 is a tangential oil outlet or an oil outlet structure with a tangential guide surface, so that the rotating oil flow in the oil collecting chamber forms dynamic pressure at the oil outlet 14, thereby increasing the oil supply head under higher speed conditions and enhancing the oil supply capacity to the injection position.

[0042] Furthermore, the oil passage forms a nozzle hole or injection hole near the meshing end 7, and the axis of the nozzle hole or injection hole points to the meshing area or the engagement side area of ​​the meshing end 7, so as to achieve directional spraying of the meshing end 7 and improve the oil utilization rate and cooling effect.

[0043] Furthermore, the oil passage is at least partially disposed within the sealing cover 5 and the drive housing 2, and is connected to the injection position near the meshing end 7 through a channel section on the drive shaft 6. The channel section can be a non-axial oil hole or a radial hole to meet the needs of structural arrangement and assembly.

[0044] In this embodiment of the invention, no lubricating oil pump is installed inside the drive housing 2; its working process can be summarized as follows:

[0045] 1. Low-speed operating condition:

[0046] The drive shaft 6 drives the meshing end 7 to mesh with the transmission gear. The splashed oil generated by the gear meshing enters the vicinity of the oil collection plate 9. The oil guide protrusion 11 intercepts and guides the splashed oil, allowing the oil to enter and collect in the oil collection chamber. The oil is degassed to a certain extent through the drop step 13 and forms a relatively stable oil collection in the oil collection chamber. Then, it enters the oil passage in the sealing cover 5 and / or drive housing 2 through the oil outlet 14, is guided to the spray position and sprayed onto the meshing end 7, thereby achieving basic lubrication and / or cooling of the meshing end 7.

[0047] 2. High-speed operating conditions:

[0048] As the speed of the drive shaft 6 increases, the rotation of the oil collection plate 9 intensifies, and the amount of splashed oil captured by the oil guide protrusion 11 increases. Simultaneously, under the flow-limiting or labyrinthine effect of the baffle plate 12 and the collecting plate 10, the oil retention capacity of the oil collecting chamber is enhanced. The oil rotation within the collecting chamber becomes more pronounced, and under the action of the tangential oil outlet or tangential guide surface, a higher dynamic pressure is formed at the oil outlet 14, increasing the oil supply head. This allows the oil to be more stably delivered through the oil passage to the injection hole and to provide enhanced spraying to the meshing end 7, thereby improving the lubrication and cooling effect under high-speed, high-load conditions and reducing the risk of temperature rise and wear at the meshing end 7.

[0049] The present invention also provides a vehicle including the above-described electric drive axle assembly; since the electric drive axle assembly can achieve directional lubrication and / or cooling of the meshing end 7 without an oil pump, the vehicle has better transmission reliability and durability under high speed or high load conditions.

[0050] The foregoing has only described certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention by way of illustration. Undoubtedly, those skilled in the art can modify the described embodiments in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the foregoing drawings and descriptions are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electric drive axle assembly, characterized in that, The drive axle body (1), drive housing (2) and drive shaft (6) disposed in drive housing (2) are included. The drive axle body (1) and drive housing (2) are connected by a mounting shell (8) flange. The drive shaft (6) has a meshing end (7) located in the gear cavity and meshing with the transmission gear. The drive shaft (6) is used to drive the output shaft (3). The drive housing (2) is provided with a sealing cover (5) at the end of the drive shaft (6). A connecting shaft (4) connected to the drive source is provided on one side of the sealing cover (5). An oil collection plate (9) is coaxially fixed on the side of the drive shaft (6) near the sealing cover (5), and the oil collection plate (9) rotates synchronously with the drive shaft (6); The oil collection plate (9) includes a collection arc plate (10) arranged circumferentially. The collection arc plate (10) and the oil collection plate (9) together form an oil collection cavity. The collection arc plate (10) is provided with an oil guide protrusion (11) for guiding the oil splashed by gear meshing into the oil collection cavity. The oil collection chamber is provided with an oil outlet (14), which is connected to an oil passage provided in the sealing cover (5) and the drive housing (2). The oil passage leads to the injection position, so that the oil is guided from the oil outlet (14) through the oil passage and sprayed to the meshing end (7) to lubricate and / or cool the meshing end (7).

2. The electric drive axle assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The oil guide bump (11) is a plurality of protrusions spaced apart along the circumference, and the oil guide bump (11) is arranged with the oil-facing side facing the main direction of oil splashing in the area where the meshing end (7) is located, so as to improve the capture efficiency of splashed oil.

3. The electric drive axle assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The oil collection plate (9) is equipped with a baffle plate (12). The baffle plate (12) and the collection plate (10) form a flow-limiting or labyrinth structure to restrict the oil from being thrown out of the oil collection chamber under centrifugal force.

4. An electric drive axle assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The oil collecting chamber is provided with a drop step (13), which forms an oil drop zone to promote the separation of air bubbles in the oil, thereby reducing the gas content of the oil output through the oil outlet (14).

5. An electric drive axle assembly according to claim 4, characterized in that, A pressure stabilizing chamber or buffer chamber is formed between the drop step (13) and the oil outlet (14) to reduce oil supply pulsation and stabilize injection.

6. An electric drive axle assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The oil outlet (14) is a tangential oil outlet or an oil outlet structure with a tangential guide surface, so that the rotating oil flow in the oil collecting cavity forms dynamic pressure at the oil outlet (14) to increase the oil supply head under higher speed conditions.

7. An electric drive axle assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The oil passage forms a nozzle hole or injection hole near the meshing end (7), and the axis of the nozzle hole or injection hole points to the meshing area or the meshing side area of ​​the meshing end (7) to achieve directional spraying of the meshing end (7).

8. An electric drive axle assembly according to claim 7, characterized in that, The oil passage is at least partially located inside the sealing cover (5) and the drive housing (2), and is connected to the injection position near the meshing end (7) through a channel section on the drive shaft (6), wherein the channel section is a non-axial oil hole or a radial hole.

9. An electric drive axle assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, No lubricating oil pump is installed in the drive housing (2). The oil collection plate (9) captures splashed oil and forms a pressure head in the oil collection chamber by means of centrifugal force, so that the oil is sprayed to the meshing end (7) for lubrication and / or cooling through the oil outlet (14) and the oil passage.

10. A vehicle, characterized in that, Includes the electric drive axle assembly as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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