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2608results about "Axle units" patented technology

Modular system for dynamic tow and regenerative braking of a trailer

One variation of a system includes a modular kit. The modular kit includes: a driven axle configured to install on a bogie chassis supporting a trailer chassis of a trailer; a motor coupled to the driven axle; a battery assembly; a set of electrical cables; and a cable carrier. The battery assembly includes a set of retention features configured to transiently engage a set of engagement features on the trailer chassis to couple the battery assembly to the trailer chassis and is configured to: supply electrical energy to the motor to drive the driven axle; and receive electrical energy from the motor to regeneratively brake the driven axle. The set of electrical cables are configured to electrically couple the motor and the battery assembly. The cable carrier is configured to: locate between the bogie chassis and the battery assembly; and support the set of electrical cables over a range of longitudinal positions.
Owner:RANGE ENERGY INC

Multi-speed electric AXLE with coaxial architecture

A system and method for a multi-speed electric axle. The multi-speed electric axle includes, in one example, an electric machine rotationally coupled to sun gear in a first planetary gear set, a second planetary gear set rotationally coupled to a carrier in the first planetary gear set, a third planetary gear set rotationally coupled to the second planetary gear set, and a differential rotationally coupled to the third planetary gear set. In the multi-speed electric axle, the electric machine, the first planetary gear set, the second planetary gear set, the third planetary gear set, and the differential are coaxially arranged.
Owner:DANA AUTOMOTIVE SYST GRP LLC

Axle assembly having a drive pinion brake

An axle assembly comprising a differential carrier, a differential assembly, a drive pinion, and a drive pinion brake. The drive pinion brake is mounted to the differential carrier. The differential carrier supports the differential assembly. The drive pinion brake is operable to apply a brake torque to inhibit rotation of the drive pinion.
Owner:ARVINMERITOR TECHNOLOGY LLC

Coaxial electric drive axle

A coaxial electric drive axle comprises an electric drive assembly and an electric drive axle housing, the drive assembly comprises a housing, a motor, a speed reducer gear set and a differential mechanism, the motor, the speed reducer gear set and the differential mechanism are arranged in the electric drive axle housing of an integrated structure, the electric drive axle housing comprises a main axle housing and a rear cover, the main axle housing is provided with a mounting cavity, the rear side of the main axle housing is connected with the rear cover, and the front side of the main axle housing is connected with the housing. The shell is provided with a stator fixing plate, a motor stator is fixed on the stator fixing plate, a motor shaft, an intermediate shaft and a differential mechanism are supported on the shell through bearings, the motor shaft is connected with the differential mechanism through a speed reducer gear set, the shell is connected with a main axle housing, and the motor, a primary driving gear, a secondary driven gear and the differential mechanism are arranged in a main axle housing mounting cavity. The motor shaft is a hollow shaft, one end of the left-end half shaft penetrates through the motor shaft to be connected with a differential mechanism left half shaft bevel gear, and one end of the right-end half shaft is connected with a differential mechanism right half shaft bevel gear.
Owner:SICHUAN JIANAN IND

Axle arrangement for an electric commercial vehicle chassis

Described herein are methods and systems of a chassis of a commercial electric vehicle. In various embodiments, the chassis may include a ladder frame with a plurality of frame rails. Batteries and drive units may be packaged within the frame rails of the ladder frame. The chassis may further include an independent front suspension and batteries may be disposed between the suspension members of the independent front suspension.
Owner:HARBINGER MOTORS INC

Electric drive axle assembly and vehicle with same

The invention provides an electric drive axle assembly and a vehicle with the same, and relates to the technical field of vehicles. The electric drive axle assembly comprises a drive motor; the differential mechanism is connected with a vehicle wheel end through a half shaft; the first planetary gear train at least comprises a first sun gear and a first planetary gear, the first sun gear is connected with an output shaft of the driving motor, and the first planetary gear is arranged on a first planetary carrier; the second planetary gear train at least comprises a second sun gear and a second planetary gear, the second planetary gear is arranged on a second planetary carrier, and the output end of the second planetary carrier is connected with the differential mechanism; and the transmission gear system is connected with the first planetary gear system and the second planetary gear system, and the transmission gear system is used for transmitting power of any one of the first planet carrier and the first sun gear to any one of the second planet carrier and the second sun gear. The problems that an electric drive axle of a commercial vehicle is large in size and unreasonable in gear-speed ratio setting are solved.
Owner:FAW JIEFANG AUTOMOTIVE CO

Multi-wheel drive hybrid vehicle with multi-mode functionality

The present disclosures relate to methods and systems for a hybrid powertrain. The hybrid powertrain system includes an integrated axle configured to provide mechanical power to a first pair of wheels, the integrated axle comprising a first motor-generator and a first drive axle such that the first motor-generator and at least a portion of the first drive axle are mechanically coupled to a common housing. The system also includes a second motor-generator configured to be mechanically coupled with an engine via a first clutch and mechanically coupled with a second drive axle via a second clutch, the second drive axle mechanically coupled with a second pair of wheels. A controller is electrically coupled with the first and second motor-generators, the engine, and the first and second clutches, the controller configured to enable a fully electric mode, a series hybrid mode, a parallel hybrid mode, and a regenerative mode of operation.
Owner:CUMMINS INC

Axle housing accessory welding device and welding process

The invention belongs to the technical field of axle housing preparation, and particularly relates to an axle housing accessory welding device and a welding technology. An axle housing comprises an axle housing body and a plurality of accessories welded to the axle housing body; the welding device comprises a welding table, a clamping mechanism arranged on the welding table and used for clamping an axle housing body, a supporting frame arranged on the welding table, a positioning mechanism movably arranged on the supporting frame, located above the clamping mechanism and used for fixing accessories, and a moving base arranged on the supporting frame and used for installing the positioning mechanism. The transverse moving mechanism is used for driving the moving seat to move transversely; the lifting moving mechanism is used for driving the positioning mechanism to move vertically; the positioning mechanism comprises a mounting base connected with the lifting moving mechanism, a positioning disc rotationally arranged on the mounting base, a plurality of positioning tools circumferentially distributed on the positioning disc and a rotating assembly arranged on the mounting base, connected with the positioning disc and used for driving the positioning disc to rotate. The positioning disc is arranged to be matched with the multiple mounting rods to integrate the positioning pipe tool for welding multiple accessories, the structure is simple, and operation is convenient.
Owner:MICROPAK CNC TECH QUANZHOU

A narrow-gauge frame structure for mining with adjustable track gauge

The utility model discloses a narrow-gauge mining frame structure with adjustable track gauge, comprising: a wheel axle; two rail wheel assemblies, respectively sleeved on the left and right ends of the wheel axle; two adjustment assemblies, respectively arranged corresponding to the two rail wheel assemblies, the adjustment assembly comprising a plurality of adjustment sleeves, the adjustment sleeves being sleeved on the wheel axle and located on the left and / or right sides of the corresponding rail wheel assemblies; wherein a positioning structure is provided on the wheel axle for left and right positioning of the rail wheel assembly and the adjustment assembly, and the adjustment assembly is configured to adjust the position of the rail wheel assembly in the left and right directions by changing the orientation of the adjustment sleeve relative to the rail wheel assembly. The narrow-gauge mining frame structure with adjustable track gauge of the utility model embodiment can adjust the spacing between the two rail wheel assemblies, and has strong versatility.
Owner:HUNAN CHUANGYUAN MINING MASCH CO LTD

Collapsible support structure

A collapsible support structure includes at least a horizontal support structure, a vertical support structure, and an axle assembly. In use, the collapsible support structure may be folded / unfolded between a deployed configuration, in which the collapsible support structure may be capable of rolling along a support surface to transport items, and a stowed / storage position, in which the collapsible support structure is collapsed in a compact geometry for storage. The axle assembly enables removal of the wheels from the axle for storage of the collapsible support structure. The axle may be repositionable between a deployed position and a storage position. The axle may be equipped with a retainer unit that retains the axle in the deployed position.
Owner:SUNNY FOLD

Axle system with isolated trumpet arms and feedthrough fasteners

Described herein is an axle system wherein the attachment locations of trumpet arms are isolated from the side cover side walls and gearbox housing side walls. In one embodiment, the axle system comprises a gearbox housing comprising lateral ribs / webs, compression tubes extending from one side to an opposite side of the gearbox housing, and couple holes positioned around a perimeter of the gearbox housing, a first side cover coupled to the gearbox housing via bolts and fasteners, a first trumpet arm coupled to the first side cover and the gearbox housing via fasteners, an attachment location of the first trumpet arm being isolated from the side walls of the gearbox housing and the side walls of the first side cover, and a second trumpet arm coupled to the gearbox housing via fasteners, the attachment location of the second trumpet arm being isolated from the side walls of the gearbox housing.
Owner:DANA HEAVY VEHICLE SYSTEMS GROUP LLC

Gear shifting structure and electric drive axle

The utility model provides a gear shifting structure and an electric drive axle, the gear shifting structure comprises a first transmission shaft and a second transmission shaft, the first transmission shaft is rotatably connected with a floating gear, the second transmission shaft is fixedly connected with a gear shifting gear, and the gear shifting gear is meshed with the floating gear. According to the gear shifting structure and the electric drive axle, the gaps are reserved between the corresponding keys and the key grooves between the synchronous sleeve and the floating gear, a certain redundant space is provided when the synchronous sleeve and the floating gear are in key connection, and it is ensured that the keys on the synchronous sleeve and the floating gear rapidly enter the corresponding key grooves; furthermore, a tooth-missing positioning structure is arranged between the synchronous sleeve and the floating gear, the concentricity among the floating gear, the synchronous sleeve and the first transmission shaft is improved through abutting of the tooth-missing positioning structure and an opposite key, and the situation that direct connection is achieved in a flat key and spline mode, large friction is generated between keys due to errors, and the service life of the floating gear is prolonged is avoided. And the service life of the gear shifting structure is influenced.
Owner:ZHEJIANG PANGOOD POWER TECH CO LTD

Vehicle rear axle and vehicle

The invention discloses a rear axle of a vehicle and the vehicle in the field of engineering vehicles. An axle housing main body comprises a top plate and a bottom plate which are connected; one end of the pin shaft is connected with the top plate in a fastening mode, the other end of the pin shaft is connected with a shaft end cover in a fastening mode, and the shaft end cover is embedded into the bottom plate. The pin shaft is sleeved with the steering knuckle, the steering knuckle and the pin shaft are arranged in a spaced mode, and the two ends of the steering knuckle are rotationally connected with the top plate and the bottom plate respectively. One end of the pin shaft is fixedly connected with the top plate, the other end of the pin shaft is fixedly connected with the shaft end cover, and the shaft end cover is embedded into the bottom plate, so that force is better transmitted; the steering knuckle on the pin shaft is rotationally connected with the top plate and the bottom plate, after the steering knuckle bears upward bearing reaction force transmitted from a wheel, the bearing reaction force continues to be transmitted to the top plate, the bearing reaction force transmitted to the pin shaft from the top plate is larger, the bearing reaction force is transmitted to the shaft end cover, the shaft end cover pulls the bottom plate, the top plate and the bottom plate are subjected to the bearing reaction force together, and therefore the bearing reaction force is generated. The structure is stressed uniformly, and the fatigue life of the structure is prolonged.
Owner:XUZHOU XCMG PORT MASCH CO LTD

Trumpet arm with internal buttresses

Described herein is a trumpet arm for use in an electric drive axle. In one embodiment, the trumpet arm comprises a housing with an arm section extending an arm length, the arm section having an outlet at a first end, and a flange with a planar face at a second end opposite the first end. The trumpet arm further comprises internal buttresses positioned in an interior of the housing and extending through at least a first portion of a flange length of the flange, a flange / arm transition at which the flange transitions into the arm section, and at least a portion of the arm length.
Owner:DANA HEAVY VEHICLE SYSTEMS GROUP LLC

Electric axle assembly for a vehicle

An electric axle assembly includes a banjo axle housing, first and second half shafts, and an electric drive unit. The banjo axle housing has a central portion that defines a receiving space and first and second openings providing access to the receiving space, first and second beams extending from the central portion in opposite first and second axial directions, and defining first and second beam hollows in communication with the receiving space. The half shafts extend within the first and second beam hollows. The electric drive unit includes a motor, a differential, and a housing having first and second housing components. At least one of the first and second housing components defines a motor housing region, the first and second housing components define a gearbox region, and the first and second housing components define first and second apertures that provide access for coupling the half shafts with the differential.
Owner:SCHAEFFLER TECHNOLOGIES AG & CO KG

Vehicle wheel support device

To provide a vehicle wheel support device that can achieve commonization of components.SOLUTION: A vehicle wheel support device 10 comprises: a hub bearing 12 which rotatably supports a hub shaft 124 which is a rotary shaft body connected to a wheel W; a hub carrier 11 which has a storage hole part 111 for accommodating a part of the hub bearing 12, and supports the hub bearing 12 in the state of being accommodated in the storage hole part 111; a sensor 13 which is fixed to a fixed part 112 of the hub carrier 11 in the state that a detection part 131 for detecting a rotation state projects from an inner peripheral surface of the storage hole part 111 so as to detect the rotation state of an inner ring 122 around an axis thereof; and a cap 15 which prevents foreign matters from entering the inside of the hub bearing 12 from a space S that permits entry of the foreign matters, and with which a deflector member 15A, which is at least a part of a deflector 14 for isolating the detection part 131 in the space S, is formed integrally.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2
Owner:TOYOTA JIDOSHA KK

Parallel shaft type heavy truck single-motor three-gear electric drive axle device and control method

The invention discloses a parallel shaft type heavy truck single-motor three-gear electric drive axle device, and relates to an electric vehicle power device, the parallel shaft type heavy truck single-motor three-gear electric drive axle device comprises a motor, the motor is in power connection with a first output shaft, the first output shaft is provided with a first gear shifter, and the first gear shifter is used for transmitting power to a first shaft sleeve or a three-gear change gear assembly; the first shaft sleeve is used for transmitting power to the first-gear change gear assembly and the second-gear change gear assembly; the differential mechanism is in power connection with a left half shaft and a right half shaft of a vehicle power output shaft, and the three-gear change gear assembly is in power connection with the planet row. The second shaft sleeve is in power connection with the second gear shifter and the planet row at the same time, and the second gear shifter is used for transmitting power output by the first-gear speed change gear assembly or the second-gear speed change gear assembly to the second shaft sleeve. The invention further discloses a control method of the parallel shaft type heavy truck single-motor three-gear electric drive axle device. The planet row three-gear speed change is adopted, the overall structure is compact, the integration degree is high, and the assembly size and cost are low.
Owner:YUCHAIXINLAN NEW ENERGY POWER TECH CO LTD

Ultrathin hub electric wheel with speed reducer integrated in low-speed drum brake

The invention relates to an ultrathin hub electric wheel with a speed reducer integrated in a low-speed drum brake, which comprises a cooling water channel, a motor, a drum brake, a planetary gear speed reducer, a hub, a hub bearing and an axle which are sequentially arranged from outside to inside in the radial direction and are positioned at the same axial position, the two ends of the cooling water channel are connected with an electric wheel outer shell and an electric wheel inner shell correspondingly, and the transmission path of driving force in the electric wheel is from the motor to the planetary gear reducer to the hub to the rim. Compared with the prior art, the axial space of the electric wheel assembly can be compressed to the maximum degree, layout of the speed reduction hub electric wheel assembly at the wheel end of a vehicle is facilitated, and the electric wheel assembly has the advantages of being highly integrated in space and compressed in the axial space limit.
Owner:TONGJI UNIV

Transverse fixed axle assembly capable of realizing Ackerman steering through mechanical linkage

The invention discloses a transverse fixed axle assembly capable of achieving Ackerman steering through mechanical linkage, and belongs to the technical field of engineering vehicle chassis. A rear axle is transversely and rigidly fixed to a frame through a shear-resistant box girder structure, and a front axle is connected to the frame through two springs; the rotating pair structures are symmetrically arranged at the two ends of the axle main body and comprise embedded heavy-duty bearings; one end of the steering knuckle arm is hinged to the axle main body through a rotating pair structure, and the other end is connected with the steering pull rod; one end, far away from the rotating pair structure, of the steering pull rod is connected with the steering oil cylinder; the steering pull rod of the front axle and the steering pull rod of the rear axle are crossed and hinged in an X shape, so that intersection points of axes of the front and rear wheels converge at an instantaneous steering center during steering. Abrasion and slipping of tires can be reduced, steering precision is ensured through a pure mechanical structure, the failure risk of an electric control system is avoided, and the system is suitable for heavy equipment such as mining trucks and port cranes.
Owner:HUBEI WANHUANG ZHIYUN TECHNOLOGY CO LTD

Wheel end assembly

A wheel end assembly that includes a hub, a hub cap, first and second spider retainers, and a spider having a spider shaft. The hub and the hub cap cooperate to define an internal cavity. The first and second spider retainers are disposed in the internal cavity and cooperate to define a spider shaft hole. The spider shaft is received in the spider shaft hole.
Owner:ARVINMERITOR TECHNOLOGY LLC

Tractor gearbox transmission structure and new energy tractor with same

The utility model relates to a tractor gearbox transmission structure and a new energy tractor. The tractor gearbox transmission structure comprises a walking motor, a power output motor, a rear axle, a transmission first shaft and a transmission second shaft, the walking motor is connected with the transmission first shaft, the transmission first shaft is connected with the transmission second shaft through a planetary gear transmission mechanism, the transmission second shaft is connected with the rear axle, and the power output motor is connected with a third transmission shaft. The third transmission shaft is provided with a hybrid clutch and is connected with a first shaft of the transmission through the hybrid clutch and the power transmission assembly, the third transmission shaft is further connected with a PTO transmission assembly through a PTO clutch, and the PTO transmission assembly is connected with a PTO transmission shaft. The utility model has the advantage that the purpose of flexible use of the walking motor and the power output motor during low-load operation and high-load operation can be achieved.
Owner:LOVOL HEAVY IND CO LTD

All-terrain vehicle

The invention discloses an all-terrain vehicle. The all-terrain vehicle comprises a vehicle frame, a suspension assembly, a walking assembly and a transmission assembly, wherein the suspension assembly is connected with the vehicle frame; the walking assembly is connected with the frame through the suspension assembly and comprises a left front wheel and a right front wheel. The transmission system comprises a front axle assembly arranged at the front end of the frame, and the two output ends of the front axle assembly are connected to the left front wheel and the right front wheel respectively. The frame comprises a front axle mounting support surrounding the front axle assembly, the front axle mounting support comprises a first mounting part and a second mounting part, the front axle assembly is connected with the front axle mounting support through the first mounting part and the second mounting part, and the first mounting part is located behind the second mounting part relative to the length direction of the all-terrain vehicle; and the connecting direction of the second mounting part and the front axle assembly is basically parallel to the height direction of the all-terrain vehicle. Through the arrangement, the assembling performance of the front axle assembly can be improved.
Owner:ZHEJIANG CFMOTO POWER CO LTD

Wet drive axle with built-in parking and service brakes

A wet drive axle with built-in parking and service brakes. Two axle housings (2) are respectively mounted on two sides of a motor (1); one end of a motor shaft (11) is connected to a differential (3) rotatably mounted in the axle housing (2), and a parking brake assembly (4) is provided between the other end of the motor shaft (11) and the axle housing (2); the differential (3) separately transmits the power of the motor (1) to sun gear shafts (61) rotatably mounted in the axle housings (2); a service brake assembly (5) for implementing braking is provided between each sun gear shaft (61) and the corresponding axle housing (2); an inner ring gear (69) is fixed in each axle housing (2), a planet carrier (63) is rotatably connected in the axle housing (2), planet gears (62) are mounted on the planet carrier (63), the planet gears (62) are located in the inner ring gear (69) and are engaged with the inner ring gear (69), and one end of each sun gear shaft (61) is inserted among multiple planet gears (62) and is engaged with the multiple planet gears (62). The position arrangement of a brake structure in a drive axle improves the compactness of internal structure arrangement, making the drive axle smaller.
Owner:ZHEJIANG JINDAO TECH CO LTD

Wheel driving mechanism and vehicle having same

A wheel driving mechanism (1) and a vehicle having same. The wheel driving mechanism (1) comprises: a rotating support (10), the rotating support (10) being internally provided with a matching cavity (11); a speed reduction assembly, the speed reduction assembly cooperating with the rotating support (10) and driving the rotating support (10) to rotate; a first fixing shaft (31), which passes through the rotating support (10) and is fixed to the rotating support (10) by means of a first fixing member (33); and a plurality of differential gears (32), the differential gears (32) being rotatably mounted on the first fixing shaft (31) and located in the matching cavity (11).
Owner:ZHEJIANG ZEEKR INTELLIGENT TECH CO LTD +2

Heavy truck planet wheel electric drive axle

A heavy truck planet wheel electric drive axle comprises a first speed reduction unit and a planet row speed reducer which are in transmission connection and further comprises a differential mechanism, the differential mechanism is in transmission connection with an output shaft, and a planet carrier of the planet row speed reducer is connected with a differential mechanism shell of the differential mechanism. The output end of the first speed reduction unit is in transmission connection with a sun gear of the planet row speed reducer, the input end of the first speed reduction unit is connected with a driving motor, and a gear shifting mechanism is further connected to the planet carrier and can connect or disconnect power connection between an inner gear ring of the planet row speed reducer and the planet carrier. According to the electric drive axle, first-stage speed reduction is provided through the first speed reduction mechanism, and first-gear large-torque output and first-gear and second-gear high-speed and high-efficiency output are achieved through the gear shifting mechanism. Meanwhile, the transmission system has the requirements for high strength and high rigidity, the planetary gear train is adopted, the size is reduced, the structure is compact, the number of gears is reduced, the assembly weight is effectively reduced, and compared with an existing scheme, the transmission system is more compact and meets the space requirement.
Owner:ZHUZHOU GEAR CO LTD

Posture adjustment driving mechanism and hinged type all-terrain vehicle

The invention discloses a posture adjustment driving mechanism and a hinged type all-terrain vehicle, the posture adjustment driving mechanism is connected with a frame, and longitudinal driving axles are arranged on the left side and the right side of the frame. The posture adjusting driving mechanism is provided with a side bridge adjusting mechanism. A lifting driving mechanism is arranged at the rear end of the side bridge adjusting mechanism and can drive the single-side longitudinal driving axle to swing up and down; a differential mechanism linkage system is arranged at the front end and comprises a differential mechanism connected with the frame, half shafts at the two ends of the differential mechanism are connected with the longitudinal drive axle through a multi-connecting-rod mechanism, the differential mechanism is provided with a decoupling mechanism, and connection between the half shaft on the single side and a differential mechanism shell can be removed. A power mechanism and a gearbox are fixed to the frame and provide walking power for the longitudinal drive axle. The longitudinal drive axle is composed of a middle axle frame, a hollow swing arm and the like, power transmission, steering control and independent height adjustment can be achieved, and the passing adaptability of complex terrains is effectively improved.
Owner:ZAOZHUANG HUAYI MINING GRP CO LTD +1

A low-speed dual-axis electric drive axle

A low-speed dual-axis electric drive axle, which is a dual-drive axle series-connected and left-right symmetrical structure, includes a front drive axle, which is respectively arranged on both sides of a first drive motor and is respectively connected to its left and right output ends; a rear drive axle, which is respectively arranged on both sides of a second drive motor and is respectively connected to its left and right output ends, and the front drive axle and the rear drive axle on the same side are respectively connected through a bridge; a dual-motor controller, which is respectively connected to the first drive motor and the second drive motor, and the first and second oil cooling radiators are respectively arranged and connected on both sides of the dual-motor controller, the first oil cooling radiator is connected to the first drive motor, and the second oil cooling radiator is connected to the second drive motor; a plurality of drive shafts, which are respectively connected to the output ends of each of the front drive axle and the rear drive axle; and a plurality of wheels, which are respectively and correspondingly mounted on the drive shafts.
Owner:WEIFANG PRESTOLITE ELECTRIC

Autonomous navigation intelligent logistics transport vehicle

The invention relates to the technical field of logistics transportation, and particularly discloses an autonomous navigation intelligent logistics transport vehicle which comprises a transport vehicle body, one side of the bottom of the transport vehicle body is fixedly connected with a distribution box, and the other side, located on one side of the distribution box, of the bottom of the transport vehicle body is fixedly connected with a control box. The inner wall of the distribution box is fixedly connected with a power battery and a high-voltage box; a pure electric power mode is designed for the autonomous navigation intelligent logistics transportation vehicle, the pure electric power mode is suitable for short-distance and high-frequency logistics transportation scenes, carbon emission can be reduced, environmental pollution can be reduced, meanwhile, the operation noise is low, the working environment quality of warehouses or factories or other logistics places is improved, the cost of electric energy is lower than that of fuel oil, and energy is saved. Long-term use of the pure electric drive transport vehicle saves a lot of energy expenditure for enterprises, reduces complex maintenance processes such as engine oil replacement and engine maintenance, and reduces maintenance cost and difficulty.
Owner:陆科成