A small-diameter dual-axle rubber-tyred bogie and a modular multiple unit train

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of electronic guide rubber wheel system, more particularly, to a double-axle rubber wheel bogie based on small wheel diameter and a modular multi-unit train. The double-axle rubber wheel bogie comprises: independent suspension assemblies, which are externally connected with a vehicle body; wheel-side drive assemblies, which are respectively installed on corresponding knuckles of the independent suspension assemblies; a double-axle linkage steering mechanism, which transmits the action of a steering gear to a small wheel diameter tire assembly; and the small wheel diameter tire assembly, which is installed on the wheel-side drive assembly and used for bearing running load and providing damping effect. The independent suspension assemblies, the double-axle linkage steering mechanism and the small wheel diameter tire assembly are matched and integrated with transverse row seats in a passenger compartment to realize the integration of the transverse row seats in the passenger compartment with wheel packages. The present application effectively reduces the floor height of the vehicle through the small wheel diameter design, and the transverse row seats in the passenger compartment are integrated with the wheel packages, which improves the problem of the wheel packages being conspicuous and improves the comfort experience of passengers.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electronically guided rubber-tired systems, and more specifically, to a dual-axle rubber-tired bogie based on small wheel diameter and a modular multi-train. Background Technology

[0002] Electronically guided rubber-tired systems are a novel urban rail transit system that replaces traditional mechanical guidance (rail-based) methods with electronic guidance technology. Relying on sensors, electronic induction, and computer control, it achieves precise vehicle operation. Compared to traditional rail systems, it differs significantly in vehicle structure, track structure, and functional configuration. This system boasts advantages such as lower cost, smaller turning radius, and adaptability to complex terrain, while also demonstrating outstanding flexibility and operational efficiency. However, due to its unique design, the utilization of interior space and aesthetics face some challenges, particularly regarding floor height and wheel well design.

[0003] The electronically guided rubber-wheeled system, due to its large-diameter tires, results in a relatively high chassis, making it difficult to further lower the floor of the carriage. While this design reduces the height difference between the platform and the guide rails or road surface, facilitating passenger entry and exit, it also occupies more interior space and restricts passenger movement. For example, a high floor design may affect the placement of accessibility facilities, making it difficult for wheelchairs and strollers to pass. Furthermore, an excessively high floor may increase the difficulty of boarding and alighting at certain platform locations, increasing passenger travel time and ultimately impacting vehicle operating efficiency and passenger experience.

[0004] Furthermore, the tire diameter of the electronically guided rubber-wheel system is relatively large, resulting in a prominent wheel arch design within the vehicle. In this system, the wheel arch design significantly impacts the lateral arrangement of the seats. Because the wheel arch occupies a large portion of the interior space, it often conflicts with the lateral arrangement of the seats, limiting the number and layout of seats. The presence of the wheel arch necessitates adjustments to seat spacing, leading to a more compact seating arrangement within the passenger compartment and even hindering the effective utilization of the compartment's width, thus affecting passenger comfort and riding experience. Overly restrictive lateral seating arrangements can make passengers feel cramped, reducing movement space within the compartment, especially during periods of high passenger volume, impacting the compartment's carrying capacity and traffic efficiency. Therefore, how to rationally plan the lateral arrangement of seats while ensuring the functionality of the wheel arches is a key issue in the design of electronically guided rubber-wheel systems.

[0005] Therefore, a more compact rubber-tired bogie structure that is compatible with the wheel well structure is needed to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a dual-axle rubber-tired bogie based on small wheel diameter and a modular multi-train, solving the problem of high vehicle floor height in existing electronically guided rubber-tired systems.

[0007] Another objective of this invention is to provide a dual-axle rubber-tired bogie based on small wheel diameter and a modular multi-train, solving the problem that the wheel wells of the existing electronically guided rubber-tired systems are rather abrupt and difficult to integrate with the transverse seats.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a dual-axle rubber-tired bogie based on small-diameter wheels, comprising an independent suspension assembly, a wheel-side drive assembly, a dual-axle linked steering mechanism, and a small-diameter tire assembly:

[0009] The independent suspension assembly, dual-axle linkage steering mechanism, and small-diameter tire assembly are matched and integrated with the passenger cabin transverse seats to achieve the integration of the passenger cabin transverse seats with the wheel arches;

[0010] The independent suspension assembly is externally mounted and connected to the vehicle body, and includes at least an upper kingpin and a lower kingpin. The upper kingpin and the lower kingpin together form a kingpin assembly that serves as the rotation axis for steering.

[0011] The wheel-side drive assemblies are respectively mounted on the steering knuckles of the corresponding independent suspension assemblies, and rotate to provide driving force for the vehicle.

[0012] The dual-axis linkage steering mechanism is connected to the steering knuckle of the independent suspension assembly, and transmits the steering gear's movement to the small-diameter tire assembly;

[0013] The small-diameter tire assembly is mounted on the wheel-side drive assembly to bear the driving load and provide shock absorption.

[0014] In some embodiments, the independent suspension assembly further includes a lower control arm and an airbag arm:

[0015] The upper main pin is connected to the airbag arm via an upper pin shaft and rotates relative to the airbag arm around the upper pin shaft.

[0016] The lower kingpin is connected to the lower swing arm via a lower pin shaft and rotates relative to the lower swing arm around the lower pin shaft.

[0017] The lower control arm is mounted on the vehicle body at one end and connected to the steering knuckle at the other end;

[0018] The airbag arm is mounted on the upper master pin and serves as the airbag mounting mechanism.

[0019] In some embodiments, the independent suspension assembly further includes an upper control arm and a shock absorber:

[0020] The upper swing arm is connected to the airbag arm via a pin and is used to transmit tire force and torque;

[0021] The upper control arm rotates relative to the airbag arm around the pin shaft, and together with the lower control arm, steering knuckle and steering knuckle arm, constrains the tire bounce trajectory.

[0022] The shock absorber is connected to the lower control arm via a pin and is used to attenuate the vibration energy of the suspension.

[0023] In some embodiments, the dual-axis linkage steering mechanism includes at least a steering tie rod, a linkage steering rocker arm, a front steering rocker arm, a rear steering rocker arm, and a steering lateral tie rod.

[0024] The steering tie rod is connected at one end to the ball joint of the steering knuckle arm and at the other end to the ball joint of the linked steering rocker arm.

[0025] The linked steering rocker arm, the front steering rocker arm, and the rear steering rocker arm are mounted on the vehicle body;

[0026] The steering tie rod has ball joints at both ends connecting the linkage steering rocker arm to the front steering rocker arm, or connecting the linkage steering rocker arm to the rear steering rocker arm.

[0027] The steering tie rod, linked steering rocker arm, front steering rocker arm, rear steering rocker arm, and steering tie rod work together to complete the tire steering transmission.

[0028] In some embodiments, the wheel-side drive assembly is equipped with a steering knuckle arm, which is connected to the steering tie rod of the dual-axis linkage steering mechanism via a ball joint.

[0029] In some embodiments, the wheel-side drive assembly includes a wheel hub, a brake, and an EMB wheel-end module:

[0030] The wheel hub is mounted on the steering knuckle and is used to rotate around the steering knuckle to enable the vehicle to roll.

[0031] The brake, mounted on the steering knuckle, serves as a braking actuator to receive the push rod force from the EMB wheel-end module, grip the brake pads, and decelerate or stop the vehicle.

[0032] The EMB wheel end module is mounted on the brake and provides push rod force to the brake.

[0033] In some embodiments, the wheel-side drive assembly further includes a reducer, a motor, and a half-shaft.

[0034] The reducer is mounted on the steering knuckle and is used for speed reduction and torque increase.

[0035] The motor is mounted on the reducer to provide driving force;

[0036] The half-shaft has a spline structure at both ends connecting the reducer and the wheel hub for power transmission.

[0037] In some embodiments, the small-diameter tire assembly includes a small-diameter rim, a small-diameter tire, and a tire pressure sensor.

[0038] The tire pressure sensor is installed on the rim valve and is used to monitor the tire pressure and temperature in real time.

[0039] The small-diameter tire is installed with the small-diameter rim via an inflatable self-sealing mechanism.

[0040] The small-diameter rim is connected to the wheel-side drive assembly and assembled with the small-diameter tire to form a sealed structure, providing gas cushioning and vibration reduction, as well as bearing the load for driving.

[0041] In some embodiments, the wheel-side drive assembly is replaced by a hub drive assembly:

[0042] The hub drive assembly includes a hub, a hub motor, a wet brake, and an EMB wheel-end module:

[0043] The wheel hub is connected to the steering knuckle of the vehicle body;

[0044] The hub motor is connected to the hub and drives the hub to rotate so that the wheel can rotate.

[0045] The wet brake is installed on the inside of the wheel hub and is used to realize the braking function of the vehicle.

[0046] The EMB wheel end module is installed on the wet brake and provides push rod force to the wet brake.

[0047] In some embodiments, the airbags of the independent suspension assembly are a dual-airbag structure:

[0048] The dual-airbag structure is installed on both sides of the airbag arm connected by the upper main pin.

[0049] In some embodiments, the airbag of the independent suspension assembly is a single airbag structure:

[0050] The independent suspension assembly also includes a lower control arm and an airbag arm:

[0051] The lower kingpin is connected to the lower swing arm via a lower pin shaft and rotates relative to the lower swing arm around the lower pin shaft.

[0052] The lower control arm is mounted on the vehicle body at one end and connected to the steering knuckle at the other end;

[0053] The airbag arm is mounted on the lower swing arm and serves as the airbag mounting mechanism.

[0054] In some embodiments, the dual-axis linkage steering mechanism includes at least four steering tie rods, two linkage steering rocker arms, and a steering lateral tie rod:

[0055] The steering tie rod is connected at one end to the ball joint of the steering knuckle arm and at the other end to the ball joint of the linked steering rocker arm.

[0056] The linked steering rocker arm is mounted on the vehicle body;

[0057] The steering tie rod connects two linked steering rocker arms at both ends via ball joints.

[0058] The steering tie rod, the linked steering rocker arm, and the steering tie rod work together to complete the tire steering transmission.

[0059] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention proposes a modular multi-unit train, comprising several first modular cars, second modular cars, and third modular cars assembled into a train:

[0060] The first modular vehicle is a modular vehicle with a driver's cab and equipped with a drive system;

[0061] The second modular vehicle is a modular vehicle without a drive system;

[0062] The third modular vehicle is a modular vehicle without a driver's cab but equipped with a drive system.

[0063] The passenger compartments of the first and third modular vehicles feature a transverse seating arrangement integrated with wheel arches.

[0064] The drive systems of the first and third modular vehicles include, as described above, dual-axle rubber-tired bogies based on small wheel diameters.

[0065] This invention proposes a dual-axle rubber-tired bogie based on small wheel diameter and a modular multi-train. The small wheel diameter design effectively reduces the vehicle floor height, improves the transparency and usable space inside the carriage, and optimizes the interior layout. At the same time, the design of integrating the transverse seats in the passenger compartment with the wheel wells improves the problem of the wheel wells protruding, enhances the passenger comfort experience, and has the advantages of compact structure, light weight, and high space utilization. Attached Figure Description

[0066] The above and other features, properties and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, in which the same reference numerals always denote the same features, wherein:

[0067] Figure 1 A three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a small-diameter dual-axle rubber-tired bogie (powered) according to an embodiment of the present invention is disclosed;

[0068] Figure 2A structural schematic diagram of a dual-axle rubber-tired bogie based on small wheel diameter (partial small wheel diameter tire assembly not shown) according to an embodiment of the present invention is disclosed;

[0069] Figure 3 A top view of a dual-axle rubber-tired bogie based on a small wheel diameter according to an embodiment of the present invention is disclosed;

[0070] Figure 4a A front view of a small-diameter dual-axle rubber-tired bogie based on an embodiment of the present invention is disclosed;

[0071] Figure 4b A left view of a small-diameter dual-axle rubber-tired bogie according to an embodiment of the present invention is disclosed;

[0072] Figure 5 A three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a small-diameter dual-axle rubber-tired bogie (non-powered) according to another embodiment of the present invention is disclosed;

[0073] Figure 6 A three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a small-diameter dual-axle rubber-tired bogie (single-axle drive) according to another embodiment of the present invention is disclosed;

[0074] Figure 7a A schematic diagram of a wheel-side drive assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention is disclosed;

[0075] Figure 7b A schematic diagram of a hub drive assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention is disclosed;

[0076] Figure 8 A three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a small-diameter dual-axle rubber-tired bogie according to another embodiment of the present invention is disclosed;

[0077] Figure 9 Three views of a modular Mc vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention are disclosed;

[0078] Figure 10 Three views of a modular M-vehicle module according to an embodiment of the present invention are disclosed;

[0079] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of a three-car train according to an embodiment of the present invention is disclosed;

[0080] Figure 12a A schematic diagram of a two-car train according to an embodiment of the present invention is disclosed;

[0081] Figure 12b A schematic diagram of a six-car train according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0082] The meanings of the labels in the figures are as follows:

[0083] 100 independent suspension assembly;

[0084] 110 is the main sales channel;

[0085] 120 mains;

[0086] 130 upper swing arm;

[0087] 140 lower control arm;

[0088] 150 airbag arm;

[0089] 160 shock absorber;

[0090] 170 airbags;

[0091] 200 wheel-side drive assembly;

[0092] 210 reducer;

[0093] 220 motor;

[0094] 230 rims;

[0095] 240 half-shaft;

[0096] 250 brake;

[0097] 260EMB wheel end module;

[0098] 300 dual-axis linkage steering mechanism;

[0099] 310 steering tie rod;

[0100] 320-degree linkage steering rocker arm;

[0101] 330 front steering rocker arm;

[0102] 340° turn to rocker arm;

[0103] 350 steering tie rod;

[0104] 360° drive steering tie rod;

[0105] 400 small-diameter tire assembly;

[0106] 410 small diameter rim;

[0107] 420 small-diameter tires;

[0108] 430 tire pressure sensor;

[0109] 500 non-powered wheel assembly;

[0110] 600 wheel hub drive assembly;

[0111] 810 steering knuckle arm;

[0112] 821 left-hand linkage steering rocker arm;

[0113] 822 right-hand linkage steering rocker arm. Detailed Implementation

[0114] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0115] Based on the above-mentioned technical problems, this invention proposes a dual-axle rubber-tired bogie based on small wheel diameter and a modular multi-train architecture. This architecture eliminates the presence of wheel wells visually through the integration design of wheel wells and transverse seats, thereby effectively increasing the passenger space inside the train.

[0116] The term "small diameter" refers to a tire diameter compared to that of commercial vehicle tires. Commercial vehicle tires typically have a diameter of about 1000 mm, while the small diameter tires referred to in this invention have a diameter of less than 670 mm, comparable to passenger car tires. However, their load-bearing capacity is 4 to 5 times that of passenger car tires. This allows the vehicle to effectively reduce the height and volume of the vehicle structure while maintaining high load-bearing capacity, thereby optimizing the interior space layout.

[0117] Figure 1 A three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a small-diameter dual-axle rubber-tired bogie (powered) according to an embodiment of the present invention is disclosed, as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the present invention proposes a dual-axle rubber-tired bogie based on small wheel diameter, which is a dual-axle rubber-tired power bogie, mainly comprising: an independent suspension assembly 100, a wheel-side drive assembly 200, a dual-axle linkage steering mechanism 300, and a small-diameter tire assembly 400.

[0118] The independent suspension assembly 100 consists of 4 units, which are externally mounted and connected to the vehicle body.

[0119] The wheel-side drive assemblies 200, numbered in the number of 4, are respectively installed on the corresponding independent suspension assemblies 100;

[0120] The dual-axis linkage steering mechanism 300 is a single set and is connected to the steering knuckle of the independent suspension assembly 100.

[0121] The small-diameter tire assembly 400 is mounted on the wheel hub of the wheel-side drive assembly 200.

[0122] This invention proposes a small-diameter dual-axle rubber-tired bogie that, with further space compression, highly integrates suspension, braking, steering, transmission, traction, and axle, achieving a wide aisle, low-floor layout, and low wheel arch arrangement. The dual-axle linkage steering mechanism 300 is a key component directly affecting vehicle steering performance, crucial for ensuring vehicle handling capability and stability. Meanwhile, the independent suspension assembly 100, wheel-side drive assembly 200, and small-diameter tire assembly 400 primarily contribute to the vehicle chassis design, supporting a low-floor layout and optimized seat structure, directly impacting vehicle comfort and space utilization efficiency.

[0123] Figure 2 A structural schematic diagram of a dual-axle rubber-tired bogie based on a small-diameter tire (partial small-diameter tire assembly not shown) according to an embodiment of the present invention is disclosed, as follows: Figure 2 The independent suspension assembly 100 shown is used to bear the sprung mass of the vehicle; to provide damping and shock absorption to ensure vehicle comfort; and to constrain the tire's bouncy trajectory to ensure vehicle handling performance.

[0124] The independent suspension assembly 100 is a key component of the entire chassis system. It not only directly affects the vehicle's handling, comfort, and shock absorption, but also determines the way the vehicle body contacts the ground. The structure of the independent suspension assembly 100 is optimized to accommodate small wheel diameter designs, while working with air suspension arms and airbags to provide better comfort, and also reducing chassis height to further ensure the realization of the low-floor design.

[0125] In this embodiment, the independent suspension assembly 100 mainly includes an upper kingpin 110, a lower kingpin 120, an upper control arm 130, a lower control arm 140, an airbag arm 150, and a shock absorber 160.

[0126] The upper main pin 110 is connected to the airbag arm 150 via an upper pin shaft, and the upper main pin 110 can rotate relative to the airbag arm 150 around the upper pin shaft.

[0127] The lower main pin 120 is connected to the lower swing arm 140 via a lower pin shaft, and the lower main pin 120 can rotate relative to the lower swing arm 140 around the lower pin shaft.

[0128] The upper kingpin 110 and the lower kingpin 120 together form the kingpin assembly, which serves as the rotation axis for steering.

[0129] The upper swing arm 130 is connected to the airbag arm 150 via a pin, and the upper swing arm 130 can rotate relative to the airbag arm 150 around the pin.

[0130] The upper control arm 130 is used to transmit tire force and torque, and together with the lower control arm 140, steering knuckle and steering knuckle arm, it constrains the tire's bouncy trajectory.

[0131] The lower control arm 140 is mounted on the vehicle body at one end and connected to the steering knuckle at the other end. Its function is the same as that of the upper control arm 130.

[0132] The airbag arm 150 is mounted on the upper kingpin 110 and serves as the mounting mechanism for the airbag 170. The shock absorber 160 is connected to the lower control arm 140 via a pin and is used to attenuate suspension vibration energy.

[0133] In this embodiment, the airbag 170 has a dual-airbag structure:

[0134] The dual airbag structure is installed on both sides of the airbag arm 150 connected by the upper main pin 110.

[0135] The independent suspension assembly 100 bears the sprung mass of the vehicle and provides comfort and handling stability through the air suspension arms 150 and shock absorbers 160. The way the independent suspension assembly 100 is connected to the vehicle body is particularly important for low-floor designs, helping to reduce the height of the vehicle and make the interior space larger.

[0136] The wheel-side drive assembly 200 is used to provide power to the vehicle and drive the vehicle to move, and can rotate around the upper and lower kingpins.

[0137] The wheel-side drive assembly 200 is the core of the entire power transmission. By integrating components such as the reducer 210 and the motor 220 into the wheel-side drive assembly 200, the space occupied under the vehicle can be effectively reduced, freeing up more space for a low-floor design.

[0138] The wheel-side drive assembly 200 includes components such as a reducer 210, a motor 220, a wheel hub 230, a half-shaft 240, a brake 250, and an EMB wheel-end module 260.

[0139] The reducer 210 is mounted on the steering knuckle and is used for speed reduction and torque increase.

[0140] The motor 221 is mounted on the reducer 210 and is used to provide driving force;

[0141] The wheel hub 230 is mounted on the steering knuckle and is used to rotate around the steering knuckle to enable the vehicle to roll.

[0142] The half-shaft 240 is connected to the reducer 210 and the hub 230 by spline structure at both ends for power transmission;

[0143] The brake 250 is mounted on the steering knuckle and serves as a brake actuator. It is used to receive the EMB wheel end push rod force, grip the brake pads, and slow down or stop the vehicle.

[0144] The EMB (Electric Motor Braking) wheel-end module 260 is mounted on the brake 250 and provides push rod force to the brake.

[0145] The wheel-side drive assembly 200 is equipped with a steering knuckle arm, which is connected to the steering tie rod 310 of the dual-axis linkage steering mechanism 300 via a ball joint.

[0146] The wheel-side drive assembly 200 allows the wheel hub 230 to be driven directly by the motor 221, which not only provides power to the vehicle, but also avoids the space occupied by the power transmission system in the traditional layout, thus making the overall layout of the vehicle more compact and better able to adapt to the design requirements of low floor and transverse seating arrangement.

[0147] The dual-axle linkage steering mechanism 300 is key to vehicle control, especially in the design of the dual-axle power bogie, which ensures that all tires move in a coordinated manner according to the Ackermann angle relationship to achieve four-wheel steering function. This is crucial for improving the vehicle's maneuverability and cornering performance.

[0148] Figure 3 A top view of a dual-axle rubber-tired bogie based on a small wheel diameter according to an embodiment of the present invention is disclosed. Figure 4a and Figure 4b The front view and left view of a dual-axle rubber-tired bogie based on a small wheel diameter according to an embodiment of the present invention are shown respectively, as follows: Figures 3 to 4b As shown, the dual-axis linkage steering mechanism 300 is connected to the steering knuckle of the independent suspension assembly 100. It is used to transmit and execute the steering motion of the steering gear to the four tires and ensure that the four tires have an Ackermann angle relationship and perform approximately pure rolling motion.

[0149] The dual-axis linkage steering mechanism 300 mainly includes a steering tie rod 310, a linkage steering rocker arm 320, a front steering rocker arm 330, a rear steering rocker arm 340, and a steering tie rod 350.

[0150] The steering tie rod 310, one end of which is connected to the steering knuckle arm (in... Figure 8 (Illustrative image) A ball joint connection is used, with one end connected to the ball joint of the linkage steering rocker arm 320, to work with other steering mechanisms to complete the tire steering transmission.

[0151] The linkage steering rocker arm 320 is mounted on the vehicle body and is used to work with other steering mechanisms to complete the tire steering transmission.

[0152] The front steering rocker arm 330 is mounted on the vehicle body and is used in conjunction with other steering mechanisms to perform tire steering transmission.

[0153] The rear steering rocker arm 340 is mounted on the vehicle body and is used in conjunction with other steering mechanisms to perform tire steering transmission.

[0154] The steering tie rod 350 connects the linkage steering rocker arm 320 to the front steering rocker arm or the rear steering rocker arm via ball joints at both ends, and is used to work with other steering mechanisms to complete the tire steering transmission.

[0155] The steering tie rod 310, the linked steering rocker arm 320, the front steering rocker arm 330, the rear steering rocker arm 340, and the steering tie rod 350 work together to complete the tire steering transmission.

[0156] The vehicle's steering gear is connected to the drive steering tie rod 360 via a ball joint, thereby driving the linked steering rocker arm 320 to rotate, which in turn causes the left steering tie rod 310 to move laterally. The steering tie rod 310 then causes the left tire to rotate around the upper and lower kingpins via the steering knuckle arm, thus realizing the steering function of the left tire.

[0157] Similarly, the rotation of the linkage steering rocker arm 320 drives the steering tie rod 350 to the right, which in turn drives the front steering rocker arm 330 / rear steering rocker arm 340 to rotate, and then drives the right steering tie rod 310 to move laterally. The steering tie rod 310 then causes the right tire to rotate around the upper and lower kingpins through the steering knuckle arm, thus realizing the steering function of the right tire.

[0158] The dual-axis linkage steering mechanism 300, through the cooperation of the steering tie rod 310, the linkage steering rocker arm 320, and the steering tie rod 350, rationally sets the trapezoidal structure of the front steering rocker arm 330 and the rear steering rocker arm 340 to satisfy the Ackermann relationship of steering, ensuring that the vehicle's steering system can precisely control the steering angle of each tire, thereby ensuring the vehicle's handling and stability. While maintaining a low-floor design, it also preserves the vehicle's steering performance.

[0159] With the dual-axis linkage steering mechanism 300, the vehicle can better cope with complex steering needs, especially in high-maneuverability operations in tight spaces, providing great flexibility and stability.

[0160] Small-diameter tire assemblies (400) directly affect chassis height and vehicle exterior design. Small-diameter design is a prerequisite for a low-floor layout, and tire selection directly impacts the efficiency of interior space utilization and the vehicle's appearance.

[0161] like Figures 1 to 4b As shown, the small-diameter tire assembly 400 is mounted on the wheel hub 230 of the wheel-side drive assembly 200 to bear the driving load and buffer and dampen vibration.

[0162] The small-diameter tire assembly includes a small-diameter rim 410, a small-diameter tire 420, and a tire pressure sensor 430.

[0163] The tire pressure sensor 430 is an external tire pressure sensor, installed on the rim valve, used to monitor tire pressure and temperature in real time.

[0164] The small-diameter tire 420 is installed with the small-diameter rim 410 via an inflatable self-sealing mechanism.

[0165] The small-diameter rim 410 is bolted to the wheel hub 230 in the wheel-side drive assembly 200, and is assembled with the small-diameter tire 420 to form a sealed structure, providing gas cushioning and vibration reduction, as well as bearing the load for driving.

[0166] The 400 small-diameter tire assembly not only reduces the height of the wheel arches but also lowers the vehicle's chassis, optimizes the floor layout, and supports the design of transverse seats, making the use of interior space more efficient and effectively eliminating the impact of the wheel arches on the interior space.

[0167] To address different power requirements and layout needs, this invention provides a variety of configuration options, including powered and non-powered versions of single-axle drive and small-diameter dual-axle bogies, as well as different options for hub drive and wheel-side drive, which facilitate flexible configuration according to actual needs.

[0168] Next, this article will provide a detailed explanation of these different configuration schemes and the modified components involved. Please note that any modified components will be explicitly mentioned in the article; if not mentioned, it means that the relevant components have not changed or have changed only slightly, and can be directly or indirectly used as a reference.

[0169] Figure 5 A three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a small-diameter dual-axle rubber-tired bogie (non-powered) according to another embodiment of the present invention is disclosed, as follows: Figure 5 As shown, the present invention proposes a small-diameter dual-axle rubber-tired bogie, in which the wheel-side drive assembly can be replaced by a non-powered wheel-side assembly 500, eliminating the power transmission mechanism (such as motor, reducer and half-shaft, etc.), and replacing the small-diameter dual-axle rubber-tired power bogie with a small-diameter dual-axle non-powered bogie. The vehicle can be configured with a power bogie to non-powered bogie ratio according to power requirements.

[0170] Figure 6 A three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a small-diameter dual-axle rubber-tired bogie (single-axle drive) according to another embodiment of the present invention is disclosed, as follows: Figure 6As shown, the present invention proposes a dual-axle rubber-tired bogie based on small wheel diameter. One axle's wheel-side drive assembly can be replaced with a non-powered wheel-side assembly 500, eliminating the power transmission mechanism (such as the motor, reducer, and half-shafts). The other axle retains the power configuration, allowing the vehicle to be configured according to its power requirements. If the vehicle has high power performance requirements, such as acceleration and climbing performance, the power configuration can be retained. Conversely, if the power requirements are low, the power configuration can be eliminated. The specific configuration should be calculated and matched based on the power performance required for the application scenario.

[0171] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 The non-powered wheel assembly 500 shown only includes the wheel hub, brake, and EMB wheel end module:

[0172] The wheel hub is mounted on the steering knuckle and is used to rotate around the steering knuckle to enable the vehicle to roll.

[0173] The brake, mounted on the steering knuckle, serves as a braking actuator to receive the push rod force from the EMB wheel-end module, grip the brake pads, and decelerate or stop the vehicle.

[0174] The EMB wheel end module is mounted on the brake and provides push rod force to the brake.

[0175] Figure 7a A schematic diagram of a wheel-side drive assembly according to one embodiment of the present invention is shown. Figure 7b This illustrates a schematic diagram of a hub drive assembly according to another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 7a and Figure 7b As shown, this invention proposes a dual-axle rubber-tired bogie based on small wheel diameter. In this design, as... Figure 7a The wheel-side drive assembly 200 shown can be used as follows Figure 7b The hub drive assembly shown is replaced by the 600.

[0176] The hub drive assembly 600 comprises a hub, a hub motor, a wet brake, and an EMB wheel-end module.

[0177] The wheel hub is the core component of the drive system, responsible for supporting the wheels and tires, and providing rotational power through its connection with the wheel hub motor.

[0178] The wheel hub is connected to the steering knuckle of the vehicle body, which supports the rolling movement of the tires.

[0179] The hub motor, an external rotor motor, is the power source for this drive assembly. The motor generates torque through electromagnetic interaction, directly driving the hub to rotate and thus moving the wheel.

[0180] The outer rotor of the motor is fixed on the wheel hub. When the motor is powered on, the outer rotor rotates, which drives the wheel hub to rotate and drives the wheel to move.

[0181] The stator of the motor is fixed to the housing, which is connected to the steering knuckle, securely fixing the motor to the vehicle's suspension structure. The stator remains stationary, while the outer rotor rotates accordingly.

[0182] A wet brake is used to achieve the braking function of a vehicle. It is installed on the inside of the wheel hub and is usually coaxial with the rotor part of the hub motor.

[0183] EMB wheel-end modules are used for auxiliary braking. They are installed on wet brakes and provide additional push rod force to the wet brakes when needed to enhance braking performance.

[0184] Compared to traditional wheel-side drives (including motor, reducer, disc brakes and EMB wheel-end actuators), the hub drive assembly 600 has a more compact structure and is lighter in weight.

[0185] Figure 8 A three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a small-diameter dual-axle rubber-tired bogie according to another embodiment of the present invention is disclosed, such as... Figure 8 As shown, the dual-axle rubber-tired bogie based on small wheel diameter proposed in this invention can replace the dual-airbag structure in the independent suspension assembly with a single-airbag structure, and the mounting position is moved from the kingpin to the lower control arm:

[0186] The independent suspension assembly also includes a lower control arm and an airbag arm:

[0187] The lower kingpin is connected to the lower swing arm via a lower pin shaft and rotates relative to the lower swing arm around the lower pin shaft.

[0188] The lower control arm is mounted on the vehicle body at one end and connected to the steering knuckle at the other end;

[0189] The airbag arm is mounted on the lower swing arm and serves as the airbag mounting mechanism.

[0190] Compared to a dual-airbag structure, a single-airbag structure has the advantage of lower suspension cost, but it is less suitable for narrower passageways.

[0191] like Figure 8 As shown, the right front / rear rocker arm in the dual-axis linkage steering mechanism can be replaced with a linkage steering rocker arm symmetrical to the left side:

[0192] At this time, the dual-axis linkage steering mechanism includes at least four steering tie rods, two linkage steering rocker arms, and a steering tie rod:

[0193] The steering tie rod is connected at one end to the steering knuckle arm 810 ball joint and at the other end to the linkage steering rocker arm ball joint.

[0194] The two linked steering rocker arms, including a left linked steering rocker arm 821 and a right linked steering rocker arm 822, are mounted on the vehicle body;

[0195] The steering tie rod connects two linked steering rocker arms at both ends via ball joints.

[0196] The steering tie rod, two linked steering rocker arms, and steering tie rod work together to complete the tire steering transmission.

[0197] Compared to Figure 1 The asymmetric structure shown, Figure 8 The symmetrical structure in the model exhibits the characteristic of synchronous adjustment of the front and rear axle toe, while the asymmetrical structure allows for individual adjustment.

[0198] Based on the aforementioned types of small-diameter dual-axle rubber-tired bogies, this invention also proposes a modular multi-train, comprising several first modular cars, second modular cars, and third modular cars arranged in a train:

[0199] The first modular vehicle is a modular vehicle with a driver's cab and equipped with a drive system;

[0200] The second modular vehicle is a modular vehicle without a drive system;

[0201] The third modular vehicle is a modular vehicle without a driver's cab but equipped with a drive system.

[0202] The passenger compartments of the first and third modular vehicles feature a transverse seating arrangement integrated with wheel arches.

[0203] The drive systems of the first and third modular vehicles include, as described above, dual-axle rubber-tired bogies based on small wheel diameters.

[0204] The modular multi-train proposed in this invention adopts a cabinless passenger compartment layout and integrates the transverse seats with wheel wells, visually eliminating the wheel wells and solving the problem of visual obstruction. At the same time, it effectively improves the space utilization rate to 100% and significantly increases the passenger space.

[0205] Figure 9 Three views of a modular Mc vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention are disclosed, such as... Figure 9 As shown, the first modular vehicle proposed in this invention is a modular Mc vehicle. The modular Mc vehicle is equipped with two dual-axle rubber-tired bogies based on small wheel diameters. The passenger compartment adopts a transverse seat integrated with wheel well design, with no extra cabin space, and the passenger space utilization rate reaches 100%. In addition, the driver's cab can also achieve a low floor.

[0206] Figure 10Three views of a modular M-vehicle module according to an embodiment of the present invention are disclosed, such as... Figure 10 As shown, the third modular vehicle proposed in this invention is a modular M vehicle. The modular M vehicle is equipped with two dual-axle rubber-tired bogies based on small wheel diameters, adopts a transverse seat and wheel well integration design, has no extra cabin, and achieves 100% passenger space utilization.

[0207] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of a three-car train according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown, such as... Figure 11 As shown, the modular three-car train proposed in this invention consists of two modular Mc cars and one modular M car. It features a low floor with full continuity, a wide aisle, and multiple seating arrangements, maximizing the use of passenger space and creating an aesthetically pleasing and unobtrusive interior.

[0208] Figure 12a A schematic diagram of a two-car train according to an embodiment of the present invention is disclosed. Figure 12b A schematic diagram of a six-car train according to an embodiment of the present invention is disclosed, such as... Figure 12a and Figure 12b As shown, the modular multi-train proposed in this invention can accommodate 2 to N (N≥3) train formations. Mc, M, and T car modules can be selected and grouped into a train according to requirements, with the T car serving as the second modular car. This modular design allows for flexible configuration of the train to meet different operational needs, thereby improving operational efficiency and adaptability.

[0209] The dual-axle rubber-tired bogie based on small wheel diameter and the modular multi-train proposed in this invention have the following advantages:

[0210] 1) A dual-axle rubber-tired bogie based on small wheel diameter is proposed. By using small wheel diameter tires, the suspension, braking, steering, transmission, traction and axle systems are highly integrated while further compressing space, which can meet the requirements of low floor, small wheel hub and ultra-wide aisle layout.

[0211] 2) A dual-axle rubber-tired bogie based on small wheel diameter is proposed. By unifying the drive and rationally setting the trapezoidal structure of the front and rear axles, the steering Ackermann relationship is satisfied, and the coordinated steering of the four wheels is realized, thereby improving the ease of steering and reducing tire wear.

[0212] 3) A modular Mc vehicle is proposed, which is equipped with two small-diameter dual-axle rubber-tired bogies. The passenger compartment adopts a transverse seat integrated with wheel well design, with no extra cabin space. The passenger space utilization rate reaches 100%, and the low floor and wide aisle connect to the driver's cab.

[0213] 4) A modular M vehicle is proposed, which is equipped with two small-diameter dual-axle rubber-tired bogies. The passenger compartment adopts a transverse seat integrated with wheel well design, with no extra cabin space and the passenger space utilization rate reaches 100%.

[0214] 5) A multi-train configuration scheme of {2~N (N≥3)} is proposed. This train features a low-floor, fully continuous design with wide aisles and multiple seating configurations, eliminating unnecessary compartments and maximizing passenger space utilization. The interior design is aesthetically pleasing, without any abrupt structural elements, providing a comfortable riding environment for passengers.

[0215] As indicated in this application and claims, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the words "a," "an," "an," and / or "the" are not specifically singular and may include plural forms. Generally speaking, the terms "comprising" and "including" only indicate the inclusion of explicitly identified steps and elements, which do not constitute an exclusive list, and the method or apparatus may also include other steps or elements.

[0216] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting this invention.

[0217] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0218] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the connection within two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0219] The above embodiments are provided for those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications or changes to the above embodiments without departing from the inventive concept of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but should be the maximum scope that conforms to the innovative features mentioned in the claims.

Claims

1. A dual-axle rubber-tired bogie based on small wheel diameter, characterized in that, Includes independent suspension assembly, wheel-side drive assembly, dual-axle steering mechanism, and small-diameter tire assembly: The independent suspension assembly, dual-axle linkage steering mechanism, and small-diameter tire assembly are matched and integrated with the passenger cabin transverse seats to achieve the integration of the passenger cabin transverse seats with the wheel arches; The independent suspension assembly is externally mounted and connected to the vehicle body, and includes at least an upper kingpin and a lower kingpin. The upper kingpin and the lower kingpin together form a kingpin assembly that serves as the rotation axis for steering. The wheel-side drive assemblies are respectively mounted on the steering knuckles of the corresponding independent suspension assemblies, and rotate to provide driving force for the vehicle. The dual-axis linkage steering mechanism is connected to the steering knuckle of the independent suspension assembly, and transmits the steering gear's movement to the small-diameter tire assembly; The small-diameter tire assembly is mounted on the wheel-side drive assembly and is used to bear the driving load and provide cushioning and shock absorption.

2. The dual-axle rubber-tired bogie based on small wheel diameter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The independent suspension assembly also includes a lower control arm and an airbag arm: The upper main pin is connected to the airbag arm via an upper pin shaft and rotates relative to the airbag arm around the upper pin shaft. The lower kingpin is connected to the lower swing arm via a lower pin shaft and rotates relative to the lower swing arm around the lower pin shaft. The lower control arm is mounted on the vehicle body at one end and connected to the steering knuckle at the other end; The airbag arm is mounted on the upper master pin and serves as the airbag mounting mechanism.

3. The dual-axle rubber-tired bogie based on small wheel diameter according to claim 2, characterized in that, The independent suspension assembly also includes an upper control arm and a shock absorber: The upper swing arm is connected to the airbag arm via a pin and is used to transmit tire force and torque; The upper control arm rotates relative to the airbag arm around the pin shaft, and together with the lower control arm, steering knuckle and steering knuckle arm, constrains the tire bounce trajectory. The shock absorber is connected to the lower control arm via a pin and is used to attenuate the vibration energy of the suspension.

4. The dual-axle rubber-tired bogie based on small wheel diameter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dual-axis linkage steering mechanism includes at least a steering tie rod, a linkage steering rocker arm, a front steering rocker arm, a rear steering rocker arm, and a steering lateral tie rod. The steering tie rod is connected at one end to the ball joint of the steering knuckle arm and at the other end to the ball joint of the linked steering rocker arm. The linked steering rocker arm, the front steering rocker arm, and the rear steering rocker arm are mounted on the vehicle body; The steering tie rod has ball joints at both ends connecting the linkage steering rocker arm to the front steering rocker arm, or connecting the linkage steering rocker arm to the rear steering rocker arm. The steering tie rod, linked steering rocker arm, front steering rocker arm, rear steering rocker arm, and steering tie rod work together to complete the tire steering transmission.

5. The dual-axle rubber-tired bogie based on small wheel diameter according to claim 4, characterized in that, The wheel-side drive assembly is equipped with a steering knuckle arm, which is connected to the steering tie rod of the dual-axis linkage steering mechanism via a ball joint.

6. The dual-axle rubber-tired bogie based on small wheel diameter according to claim 5, characterized in that, The wheel-side drive assembly includes a wheel hub, a brake, and an EMB wheel-end module: The wheel hub is mounted on the steering knuckle and is used to rotate around the steering knuckle to enable the vehicle to roll. The brake, mounted on the steering knuckle, serves as a braking actuator to receive the push rod force from the EMB wheel-end module, grip the brake pads, and decelerate or stop the vehicle. The EMB wheel end module is mounted on the brake and provides push rod force to the brake.

7. The dual-axle rubber-tired bogie based on small wheel diameter according to claim 6, characterized in that, The wheel-side drive assembly also includes a reducer, a motor, and a half-shaft. The reducer is mounted on the steering knuckle and is used for speed reduction and torque increase. The motor is mounted on the reducer to provide driving force; The half-shaft has a spline structure at both ends connecting the reducer and the wheel hub for power transmission.

8. The dual-axle rubber-tired bogie based on small wheel diameter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The small-diameter tire assembly includes a small-diameter rim, a small-diameter tire, and a tire pressure sensor. The tire pressure sensor is installed on the rim valve and is used to monitor the tire pressure and temperature in real time. The small-diameter tire is installed with the small-diameter rim via an inflatable self-sealing mechanism. The small-diameter rim is connected to the wheel-side drive assembly and assembled with the small-diameter tire to form a sealed structure, providing gas cushioning and vibration reduction, as well as bearing the load for driving.

9. The dual-axle rubber-tired bogie based on small wheel diameter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wheel-side drive assembly is replaced by a hub drive assembly: The hub drive assembly includes a hub, a hub motor, a wet brake, and an EMB wheel-end module: The wheel hub is connected to the steering knuckle of the vehicle body; The hub motor is connected to the hub and drives the hub to rotate so that the wheel can rotate. The wet brake is installed on the inside of the wheel hub and is used to realize the braking function of the vehicle. The EMB wheel end module is installed on the wet brake and provides push rod force to the wet brake.

10. The dual-axle rubber-tired bogie based on small wheel diameter according to claim 2, characterized in that, The independent suspension assembly has a dual-airbag structure: The dual-airbag structure is installed on both sides of the airbag arm connected by the upper main pin.

11. The dual-axle rubber-tired bogie based on small wheel diameter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The independent suspension assembly has a single airbag structure. The independent suspension assembly also includes a lower control arm and an airbag arm: The lower kingpin is connected to the lower swing arm via a lower pin shaft and rotates relative to the lower swing arm around the lower pin shaft. The lower control arm is mounted on the vehicle body at one end and connected to the steering knuckle at the other end; The airbag arm is mounted on the lower swing arm and serves as the airbag mounting mechanism.

12. The dual-axle rubber-tired bogie based on small wheel diameter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dual-axis linkage steering mechanism includes at least four steering tie rods, two linkage steering rocker arms, and a steering lateral tie rod: The steering tie rod is connected at one end to the ball joint of the steering knuckle arm and at the other end to the ball joint of the linked steering rocker arm. The linked steering rocker arm is mounted on the vehicle body; The steering tie rod connects two linked steering rocker arms at both ends via ball joints. The steering tie rod, the linked steering rocker arm, and the steering tie rod work together to complete the tire steering transmission.

13. A modular multi-car train, characterized in that, It includes several first modular vehicles, second modular vehicles, and third modular vehicles arranged in a column: The first modular vehicle is a modular vehicle with a driver's cab and equipped with a drive system; The second modular vehicle is a modular vehicle without a drive system; The third modular vehicle is a modular vehicle without a driver's cab but equipped with a drive system. The passenger compartments of the first and third modular vehicles feature a transverse seating arrangement integrated with wheel arches. The drive systems of the first modular vehicle and the third modular vehicle include a small-diameter dual-axle rubber-tired bogie as described in any one of claims 1 to 12.

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