Window, method of manufacturing window, and electronic device

Abstract

The present application provides a window, a manufacturing method of the window and an electronic device. The window comprises: a glass product comprising a first surface, a second surface, a base substrate and a stress compensation layer, the second surface is opposite to the first surface and has a smaller compressive stress than the first surface, the base substrate defines the second surface, the stress compensation layer is arranged on the base substrate and defines the first surface, and the stress compensation layer comprises a material different from the base substrate; and an anti-reflection layer arranged on the first surface of the glass product.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a window. More specifically, this invention relates to a window, a method of manufacturing the window, and an electronic device including the window. Background Technology

[0002] Glass products are used in electronic devices, including display devices, and building materials. For example, glass products can be used in display device substrates and windows that protect the display panel of a display device.

[0003] Furthermore, glass products used in display devices need to be both lightweight and thin to achieve portability, while also possessing good strength to withstand external impacts. The strength of glass products can be improved through thermal strengthening or chemical strengthening to enable them to withstand external impacts. Summary of the Invention

[0004] One object of the present invention is to provide a window with improved flexibility.

[0005] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing the window.

[0006] Another object of the present invention is to provide an electronic device including the window.

[0007] However, the purpose of this invention is not limited to the above-mentioned purpose, and various extensions can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention.

[0008] To achieve the above-mentioned objective of the present invention, a window according to an embodiment of the present invention may include: a glass article, including a first surface, a second surface, a substrate and a stress compensation layer, wherein the second surface faces the first surface and the compressive stress is less than the compressive stress of the first surface, the substrate defines the second surface, the stress compensation layer is disposed on the substrate and defines the first surface, and contains a material different from the substrate; and an anti-reflective layer is disposed on the first surface of the glass article.

[0009] In one embodiment, the glass article may have stress that causes the window to bend in one direction, and the anti-reflective layer may have stress that causes the window to bend in the opposite direction.

[0010] In one embodiment, the stress in the glass article can compensate for the stress in the antireflective layer.

[0011] In one embodiment, the stress compensation layer may include tin ions.

[0012] In one embodiment, the antireflective layer may include: a first layer; and a second layer disposed on the first layer, having a higher hardness than the first layer.

[0013] In one embodiment, the thickness of the first layer may be less than the thickness of the second layer.

[0014] In one embodiment, the thickness-based ratio of the first layer in the antireflective layer may be less than the thickness-based ratio of the second layer in the antireflective layer.

[0015] In one embodiment, the first layer and the second layer may be arranged alternately along the thickness direction of the antireflective layer.

[0016] In one embodiment, the glass article may include: a first compression region extending from the first surface to a first compression depth; and a second compression region extending from the second surface to a second compression depth, wherein the first compression depth may be less than the second compression depth.

[0017] In one embodiment, the glass article can be manufactured by the float glass process.

[0018] To achieve another objective of the present invention, a method for manufacturing a window according to an embodiment of the present invention may include the following steps: forming a glass article, the glass article including a first surface, a second surface facing the first surface and having a compressive stress less than that of the first surface, a substrate defining the second surface, a stress compensation layer disposed on the substrate and defining the first surface, and comprising a material different from that of the substrate; and forming an anti-reflective layer on the first surface of the glass article.

[0019] In one embodiment, the glass article may have stress that causes the window to bend in one direction, and during the step of forming the glass article, the glass article may bend in the one direction by means of the stress of the glass article.

[0020] In one embodiment, the antireflective layer may have stress that causes the window to bend in a direction opposite to the first direction. During the step of forming the antireflective layer, the glass article and the antireflective layer may bend in a direction opposite to the first direction by means of the stress of the antireflective layer.

[0021] In one embodiment, the stress in the glass article can compensate for the stress in the antireflective layer.

[0022] In one embodiment, the glass article can be manufactured by float glass, and the stress compensation layer may include tin ions.

[0023] In one embodiment, the antireflective layer may include: a first layer; and a second layer disposed on the first layer, having a higher hardness than the first layer.

[0024] In one embodiment, the thickness of the first layer may be less than the thickness of the second layer.

[0025] In one embodiment, the thickness-based ratio of the first layer in the antireflective layer may be less than the thickness-based ratio of the second layer in the antireflective layer.

[0026] In one embodiment, the first layer and the second layer may be arranged alternately along the thickness direction of the antireflective layer.

[0027] To achieve another objective of the present invention, an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention may include: a display device; and a processor for controlling the display device. The display device may include: a display panel including a plurality of pixels arranged in a display area; and a window arranged on the display panel. The window may include: a glass article including a first surface, a second surface, a substrate, and a stress compensation layer, wherein the second surface faces the first surface and has a compressive stress less than that of the first surface, the substrate defines the second surface, the stress compensation layer is arranged on the substrate and defines the first surface, and comprises a material different from the substrate; and an anti-reflective layer arranged on the first surface of the glass article.

[0028] A window according to an embodiment of the present invention may include a glass article manufactured by float glass and including a stress-compensating layer (i.e., a tin finish) and an anti-reflective layer disposed on the stress-compensating layer. The stress of the anti-reflective layer, which causes bending of the window in one direction, can be compensated by the stress of the glass article including a stress-compensating layer that causes bending of the window in the opposite direction. Thus, the bending of the window can be effectively reduced.

[0029] However, the effects of the present invention are not limited to those described above, and various extensions can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a perspective view showing a display device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 2 It is shown Figure 1 An exploded perspective view of the display device.

[0032] Figure 3 It is shown Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the window of the display device.

[0033] Figure 4 It is shown Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of the glasswork in the window.

[0034] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating ion exchange used for chemical fortification.

[0035] Figure 6 It is shown Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of the anti-reflective layer of the window.

[0036] Figure 7 It is shown Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the display panel of the display device.

[0037] Figures 8 to 14 This is a diagram illustrating a method for manufacturing a window according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 15 This is a graph comparing the flatness of the windows of the comparative example and the embodiment.

[0039] Figure 16 This is a block diagram illustrating an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 17 It shows that Figure 16 The diagram shows an example of an electronic device implemented as a smartphone. Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: Detailed Implementation

[0041] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numerals are used for the same constituent elements in the drawings, and repeated descriptions of the same constituent elements are omitted.

[0042] Figure 1 This is a perspective view showing a display device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 It is shown Figure 1 An exploded perspective view of the display device.

[0043] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The display device DD may include a display panel DP, a window WN, and a housing component HS.

[0044] The display panel DP may include a display area DA and a non-display area NDA. The display area DA and the non-display area NDA of the display panel DP may respectively correspond to the display area and the non-display area of ​​the display device DD.

[0045] The display area DA can be an area capable of generating light and displaying an image. Multiple pixels PX for displaying the image can be arranged in the display area DA. The pixels PX can be arranged along a first direction DR1 and a second direction DR2 intersecting the first direction DR1. For example, the second direction DR2 can be perpendicular to the first direction DR1. Each of the pixels PX can emit light, thereby displaying an image in the display area DA. For example, the image can be displayed in the display area DA along a third direction DR3 intersecting each of the first direction DR1 and the second direction DR2. For example, the third direction DR3 can be perpendicular to each of the first direction DR1 and the second direction DR2. Each of the pixels PX can include a light-emitting element and pixel circuitry for driving the light-emitting element.

[0046] The non-display area NDA can be a region where no image is displayed. The non-display area NDA can be adjacent to the display area DA. For example, the non-display area NDA can completely surround the display area DA on a plane. Driving circuits, driving wiring, etc., for driving the display area DA can be arranged in the non-display area NDA.

[0047] The window WN can be arranged on the display panel DP. For example, the window WN can be adjacent to the display panel DP on the third-direction DR3. The window WN can cover the upper surface of the display panel DP. The window WN can protect the display panel DP from external impacts. The window WN can include glass, plastic, etc. The window WN can define the front surface of the display device DD. The window WN can include a transmissive area TA and a non-transmissive area NTA.

[0048] The transmission region TA can be a region that transmits incident light. The transmission region TA can be an optically transparent region. For example, the transmission region TA can be a region with a visible light transmittance of approximately 90% or more.

[0049] The transmissive region TA may overlap with at least a portion of the display region DA on a plane. For example, the transmissive region TA may completely overlap with the display region DA on a plane. The transmissive region TA may have a shape corresponding to the display region DA. The image displayed on the display panel DP in the display region DA can be externally seen by transmitting through the transmissive region TA. That is, the display device DD can display the image towards the third-party DR3 through the display region DA and the transmissive region TA.

[0050] The non-transmissive region NTA can be a region that does not transmit light. The non-transmissive region NTA can be a region with a relatively lower light transmittance than the transmissive region TA. The non-transmissive region NTA can be adjacent to the transmissive region TA. For example, the non-transmissive region NTA can completely surround the transmissive region TA in a plane. The non-transmissive region NTA can define the shape of the transmissive region TA. For example, the non-transmissive region NTA can have a predetermined color. For example, the window WN can also include a printed layer disposed in the non-transmissive region NTA (e.g., the edge of the window WN).

[0051] The non-transmissive region NTA may overlap with at least a portion of the non-display region NDA. For example, the non-transmissive region NTA may completely overlap with the non-display region NDA on a plane. The non-transmissive region NTA may cover the non-display region NDA to prevent the non-display region NDA from being seen from the outside.

[0052] The housing component HS can be disposed at the lower part of the display panel DP. The housing component HS can be combined with the window WN to form the appearance of the display device DD. The housing component HS can be combined with the window WN to provide a predetermined receiving space. The display panel DP can be received within the receiving space provided between the housing component HS and the window WN. The housing component HS can receive the display panel DP within the receiving space to protect the display panel DP from external impacts. The housing component HS can include multiple frames and / or sheet materials. The housing component HS can include a material with relatively high rigidity. For example, the housing component HS can include glass, plastic, metal, etc.

[0053] Figure 3 It is shown Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the window of the display device. Figure 4 It is shown Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of the glasswork in the window. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating ion exchange used for chemical fortification. Figure 6 It is shown Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of the anti-reflective layer of the window.

[0054] Reference Figures 2 to 6 The window WN may include a glass component GL and an anti-reflective layer RL. The glass component GL may include a substrate GL1 and a stress compensation layer GL2.

[0055] The stress compensation layer GL2 can be disposed on the substrate GL1. For example, the stress compensation layer GL2 can be adjacent to the substrate GL1 on the third-direction DR3.

[0056] The glass article GL may include a first surface SF1, a second surface SF2 opposite to the first surface SF1 along a thickness direction (e.g., along the third direction DR3), and a side surface SS connecting the first surface SF1 and the second surface SF2. For example, the first surface SF1 and the second surface SF2 may be parallel to a plane defined by the first direction DR1 and the second direction DR2. The first surface SF1 and the second surface SF2 may be the main surfaces of the glass article GL. The stress compensation layer GL2 may define the first surface SF1, and the substrate GL1 may define the second surface SF2.

[0057] The glass article GL may include a first compression region SA1 extending (or extending) from the first surface SF1 to the compression depth, a second compression region SA2 extending (or extending) from the second surface SF2 and the side surface SS to the compression depth, and a non-compression region NSA surrounded by the first compression region SA1 and the second compression region SA2 and located inside the glass article GL.

[0058] In one embodiment, the glass article GL can be manufactured using a float process. In the float process of manufacturing the glass article GL, the first surface SF1 can be manufactured in contact with molten tin, while the second surface SF2 and the side surface SS are not in contact with molten tin. Therefore, in the chemical strengthening process of manufacturing the glass article GL, a different form of ion exchange can be performed on the first surface SF1 than on the second surface SF2 and the side surface SS, and a similar form of ion exchange can be performed on the second surface SF2 and the side surface SS.

[0059] The first compression region SA1 and the second compression region SA2 can be regions used to protect the glass product GL from external impacts. The greater the maximum compressive stress in the first compression region SA1 and the second compression region SA2, the greater the strength of the glass product GL can be. The compressive stress in the first compression region SA1 and the second compression region SA2 is greatest on the surface of the glass product GL (i.e., the first surface SF1, the second surface SF2, and the side surface SS), and can relatively decrease towards the interior of the glass product GL. The first compression region SA1 can have a first compression depth, and the second compression region SA2 can have a second compression depth. The first compression depth and the second compression depth can be defined as the boundaries between the first compression region SA1 and the second compression region SA2 and the uncompressible region NSA, respectively. The first compression depth and the second compression depth can prevent cracks, defects, etc., formed on the first surface SF1, the second surface SF2, and the side surface SS from propagating to the uncompressible region NSA inside the glass product GL.

[0060] The first compression region SA1 and the second compression region SA2 can be formed through ion exchange-based chemical strengthening. (Refer to...) Figure 5 To explain ion exchange, if the glass article GL containing a first ion I1 is immersed in a bath containing molten salt MS or the like, thereby exposing it to a second ion I2 contained in the molten salt MS, then the first ion I1 contained in the glass article GL can be exchanged with the second ion I2 contained in the molten salt MS.

[0061] The first ion I1 and the second ion I2 may have the same valence state or oxidation state. Furthermore, the ionic radius of the second ion I2 may be larger than that of the first ion I1. For example, the first ion I1 may include Li. + Na + K + 、Rb + The second ion I2 may include Na. + K + 、Rb + Cs + For example, when the first ion I1 is Na... + And the second ion I2 is K + In the case of Na contained in the glass article GL + It can be exchanged for K contained in the molten salt MS. + .

[0062] Since the ionic radius of the second ion I2 can be larger than that of the first ion I1, if the first ion I1 in the glass article GL is exchanged for the second ion I2, compressive stress can be generated in the glass article GL. The more second ions I2 exchanged with the first ion I1, the greater the compressive stress can be.

[0063] The exchange of the first ion I1 and the second ion I2 can occur near the surfaces (first surface SF1, second surface SF2, side surface SS) of the glass article GL, thus the amount of the second ion I2 can be maximized in the surfaces (first surface SF1, second surface SF2, side surface SS) of the glass article GL. A portion of the exchanged second ion I2 can diffuse into the interior of the glass article GL and increase the compression depth of the compression regions (first compression region SA1, second compression region SA2), but the amount of diffused second ion I2 can decrease substantially as it moves away from the surfaces (first surface SF1, second surface SF2, side surface SS). Therefore, the compressive stress can be maximized in the surfaces (first surface SF1, second surface SF2, side surface SS) of the glass article GL, and can gradually decrease as it moves towards the interior of the glass article GL. However, the invention is not limited thereto, and the compressive stress can be varied depending on the temperature, time, number of ion exchange processes, whether heat treatment is performed, etc.

[0064] When the characteristics of the surfaces (first surface SF1, second surface SF2, and side surface SS) of the glass article GL are different, the aforementioned ion exchange can be performed in different forms on the surfaces (first surface SF1, second surface SF2, and side surface SS). For example, in the glass article GL manufactured by the float glass process, since the tin content of the first surface SF1 and the second surface SF2 is different, the compressive stress of the first compression region SA1 and the second compression region SA2 can be changed when ion exchange is performed.

[0065] The glass article GL can be manufactured using the float glass process, which can be performed on molten tin. A portion of the tin ions in the molten tin can penetrate into the glass article GL through the first surface SF1, thereby forming a tin layer in the first compression region SA1. The first surface SF1, where the tin layer is formed, can be referred to as the tin surface, and the second surface SF2, where the tin layer is not formed, can be referred to as the non-tin surface. Furthermore, the tin layer can be referred to as the stress compensation layer GL2.

[0066] Because tin has a higher coefficient of thermal expansion, at the temperature where chemical strengthening occurs, the first surface SF, which is the tin side, can more actively perform ion exchange with the outside compared to the second surface SF2, which is the non-tin side. Therefore, a greater amount of the second ions I2 can be introduced into the first surface SF1 than into the second surface SF2. Furthermore, tin ions can suppress the diffusion of the second ions I2. Therefore, a greater amount of the second ions I2 can be distributed in a narrower region in the first surface SF1 than in the second surface SF2. That is, within the glass article GL, the density of the second ions I2 in the region near the first surface SF1 of the first compression region SA1 can be greater than the density of the second ions I2 in the region near the second surface SF2 of the second compression region SA2.

[0067] Therefore, the maximum compressive stress of the first compression region SA1 can be relatively greater than the maximum compressive stress of the second compression region SA2, and the first compression depth of the first compression region SA1 can be relatively smaller than the second compression depth of the second compression region SA2. Due to the deviation in compressive stress between the opposing first surface SF1 and the second surface SF2, the glass article GL can be bent. For example, the glass article GL can be bent protrudingly in a direction toward the substrate GL1 (i.e., in the direction opposite to the third direction DR3). In other words, the edge of the glass article GL can be bent toward the first surface SF1. For example, when the window WN includes the glass article GL, the edge of the window WN can be bent toward the first surface SF1, such that the window WN can be bent protrudingly toward the substrate GL1.

[0068] Following the chemical strengthening process, a coating process to form the antireflective layer RL can be performed on the glass article GL. In one embodiment, the antireflective layer RL can be disposed on the first surface SF1 (i.e., the stress compensation layer GL2). For example, the antireflective layer RL can be adjacent to the glass article GL along the third direction DR3. That is, the substrate GL1, the stress compensation layer GL2, and the antireflective layer RL can be arranged along the third direction DR3. The antireflective layer RL can reduce the reflectivity of external light.

[0069] The anti-reflective layer RL can have a multi-layer stacked structure. For example, the anti-reflective layer RL may include a first layer RL1, a second layer RL2, a third layer RL3, a fourth layer RL4, and a fifth layer RL5. The first layer RL1, the second layer RL2, the third layer RL3, the fourth layer RL4, and the fifth layer RL5 can be arranged sequentially along the third direction DR3.

[0070] The first layer RL1, the third layer RL3, and the fifth layer RL5 can be layers with relatively low refractive indices, while the second layer RL2 and the fourth layer RL4 can be layers with relatively high refractive indices. For example, the first layer RL1, the third layer RL3, and the fifth layer RL5 can be referred to as low-refractive-index layers, and the second layer RL2 and the fourth layer RL4 can be referred to as high-refractive-index layers. The anti-reflective layer RL can have a structure in which the low-refractive-index layers and the high-refractive-index layers are alternately stacked along the thickness direction of the anti-reflective layer RL (e.g., the third direction DR3).

[0071] The first layer RL1, the second layer RL2, the third layer RL3, the fourth layer RL4, and the fifth layer RL5 may include inorganic materials such as silicon oxide and silicon nitride. For example, the first layer RL1 may include silicon nitride (SiO2). x N y The second layer RL2 may include aluminum silicon nitride (AlSiN). x The third layer RL3 may include silicon oxide (SiO2). x The fourth layer RL4 may include aluminum silicon nitride (AlSiN). x The fifth layer RL5 may include silicon oxide (SiO2). x However, the present invention is not limited thereto. The refractive index of each of the first layer RL1, the second layer RL2, the third layer RL3, the fourth layer RL4, and the fifth layer RL5 can be adjusted by changing the content of the substance contained in each of the first layer RL1, the second layer RL2, the third layer RL3, the fourth layer RL4, and the fifth layer RL5.

[0072] In one embodiment, the hardness of the first layer RL1, the third layer RL3, and the fifth layer RL5 may be relatively lower than the hardness of the second layer RL2 and the fourth layer RL4. For example, the first layer RL1, the third layer RL3, and the fifth layer RL5 may be referred to as low-hardness layers, and the second layer RL2 and the fourth layer RL4 may be referred to as high-hardness layers. The antireflective layer RL may have a structure in which the low-hardness layers and the high-hardness layers are alternately stacked along the thickness direction of the antireflective layer RL (e.g., the third direction DR3).

[0073] The first layer RL1, the second layer RL2, the third layer RL3, the fourth layer RL4, and the fifth layer RL5 may have different thicknesses. The thickness may be the length along the third direction DR3, which is the thickness direction.

[0074] In one embodiment, the thickness of each of the first layer RL1, the third layer RL3, and the fifth layer RL5 may be relatively smaller than the thickness of each of the second layer RL2 and the fourth layer RL4. That is, the thickness of the high-hardness layer may be relatively larger than the thickness of the low-hardness layer. In another embodiment, the thickness-based ratio of the first layer RL1, the third layer RL3, and the fifth layer RL5 in the anti-reflective layer RL may be relatively smaller than the thickness-based ratio of the second layer RL2 and the fourth layer RL4 in the anti-reflective layer RL. That is, the thickness-based ratio of the high-hardness layer in the anti-reflective layer RL may be relatively larger than the thickness-based ratio of the low-hardness layer in the anti-reflective layer RL.

[0075] For example, the first thickness TH1 of the first layer RL1 can be approximately 72 nm, the second thickness TH2 of the second layer RL2 can be approximately 139 nm, the third thickness TH3 of the third layer RL3 can be approximately 10 nm, the fourth thickness TH4 of the fourth layer RL4 can be approximately 133 nm, and the fifth thickness TH5 of the fifth layer RL5 can be approximately 81 nm. In this case, in the antireflective layer RL, the thickness-based ratio of the first layer RL1, the third layer RL3, and the fifth layer RL5 can be approximately 37%, and the thickness-based ratio of the second layer RL2 and the fourth layer RL4 can be approximately 63%.

[0076] Because the second layer RL2 and the fourth layer RL4, which have relatively high hardness, are relatively thick, and because the second layer RL2 and the fourth layer RL4 occupy a relatively large proportion of the thickness in the anti-reflective layer RL, the hardness of the anti-reflective layer RL can be relatively increased. That is, the hardness of the window WN containing the anti-reflective layer RL can be relatively increased, and the strength of the window WN can be increased.

[0077] Furthermore, because the second layer RL2 and the fourth layer RL4, which have relatively high hardness, are relatively thick, and because the second layer RL2 and the fourth layer RL4 constitute a relatively large proportion of the anti-reflective layer RL based on thickness, the film stress of the anti-reflective layer RL can be increased. In the case of a window coated with the anti-reflective layer RL on a glass article that does not include the stress compensation layer GL2 (e.g., a glass article that only includes the substrate GL1), the window may bend. For example, due to the tensile stress of the anti-reflective layer RL, the window may bulge outwards towards the anti-reflective layer RL. In other words, the edge of the window may bend towards the glass article.

[0078] Although Figure 6The diagram shows the antireflective layer RL having a five-layer stacked structure, but the invention is not limited thereto. The antireflective layer RL may have a structure with two or more layers stacked.

[0079] Each of the glass element GL and the anti-reflective layer RL can cause the window WN to bend. The glass element GL (i.e., the stress compensation layer GL2) and the anti-reflective layer RL can cause the window WN to bend in opposite directions to each other.

[0080] In one embodiment, by arranging the antireflective layer RL on the stress compensation layer GL2, where ion exchange is relatively active and ion diffusion is suppressed in the glass article GL, the stress of the glass article GL and the stress of the antireflective layer RL can be offset. That is, the stress of the antireflective layer RL can be compensated by the stress of the glass article GL including the stress compensation layer GL2. After chemical strengthening, the bending caused by the stress imbalance between the two surfaces of the glass article GL can be improved by coating the antireflective layer RL, thereby effectively reducing the bending generated in the window WN.

[0081] Figure 7 It is shown Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the display panel of a display device. For example, Figure 7 It may be a cross-sectional view showing a portion of the display area DA.

[0082] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 7 The display panel DP may include a substrate SUB, a buffer layer BFR, a transistor TR, a first insulating layer IL1, a second insulating layer IL2, a third insulating layer IL3, a light-emitting element LE, a pixel definition film PDL, and an encapsulation layer TFE. The transistor TR may include an active pattern ACT, a gate electrode GE, a first electrode SD1, and a second electrode SD2. The light-emitting element LE may include a pixel electrode PE, a light-emitting layer EL, and a common electrode CE.

[0083] The buffer layer BFR can be disposed on the substrate SUB. The buffer layer BFR can prevent the diffusion of metal atoms, impurities, etc., into the transistor TR. The buffer layer BFR may include, for example, silicon oxide (SiO2). x ), silicon nitride (SiN) x ), silicon nitride oxide (SiO) x N y Inorganic substances such as , etc. They can be used alone or in combination with each other.

[0084] The active pattern ACT can be disposed on the buffer layer BFR. The active pattern ACT may include a source region, a drain region, and a channel region between the source and drain regions. The active pattern ACT may include silicon semiconductor materials, oxide semiconductor materials, etc. Examples of silicon semiconductor materials may include amorphous silicon, polycrystalline silicon, etc. Examples of oxide semiconductor materials may include indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO), indium tin zinc oxide (ITZO), etc. They can be used individually or in combination with each other.

[0085] The first insulating layer IL1 may be disposed on the active pattern ACT and may cover at least a portion of the active pattern ACT. The first insulating layer IL1 may comprise inorganic materials such as silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon nitride, etc. They may be used alone or in combination with each other.

[0086] The gate electrode GE can be disposed on the first insulating layer IL1. The gate electrode GE can overlap with the channel region of the active pattern ACT in a plane. The gate electrode GE can include metals, alloys, conductive metal oxides, conductive metal nitrides, transparent conductive materials, etc. They can be used alone or in combination with each other.

[0087] The second insulating layer IL2 may be disposed on the gate electrode GE and may cover the gate electrode GE. The second insulating layer IL2 may comprise inorganic materials such as silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxide nitride, etc. They may be used alone or in combination with each other.

[0088] The first electrode SD1 and the second electrode SD2 can be disposed on the second insulating layer IL2. The first electrode SD1 can be connected to the source region of the active pattern ACT through a first contact hole penetrating the lower insulating layer (e.g., the first insulating layer IL1 and the second insulating layer IL2). Furthermore, the second electrode SD2 can be connected to the drain region of the active pattern ACT through a second contact hole penetrating the lower insulating layer (e.g., the first insulating layer IL1 and the second insulating layer IL2). The first electrode SD1 and the second electrode SD2 can include metals, alloys, conductive metal oxides, conductive metal nitrides, transparent conductive materials, etc. They can be used individually or in combination.

[0089] Therefore, the transistor TR, including the active pattern ACT, the gate electrode GE, the first electrode SD1, and the second electrode SD2, can be arranged in the display area DA on the substrate SUB. The transistor TR can be included in the pixel circuit.

[0090] The third insulating layer IL3 can be disposed on the first electrode SD1 and the second electrode SD2, and can cover the first electrode SD1 and the second electrode SD2. The third insulating layer IL3 may include organic substances such as phenolic resin, acrylic resin, polyimide resin, polyamide resin, silicone resin, epoxy resin, etc. They can be used alone or in combination with each other.

[0091] The pixel electrode PE can be disposed on the third insulating layer IL3. The pixel electrode PE can be electrically connected to the transistor TR. For example, the pixel electrode PE can be connected to the second electrode SD2 (or the first electrode SD1) through a contact hole penetrating the lower insulating layer (e.g., the third insulating layer IL3). The pixel electrode PE can include metals, alloys, conductive metal oxides, conductive metal nitrides, transparent conductive materials, etc. They can be used individually or in combination with each other.

[0092] The pixel definition film (PDL) can be disposed on the third insulating layer (IL3) and the pixel electrode (PE). The PDL can cover the edge of the pixel electrode (PE) and can define an opening exposing at least a portion of the upper surface of the pixel electrode (PE). The PDL can include organic materials such as polyimide resin, epoxy resin, and silicone resin. They can be used alone or in combination with each other.

[0093] The light-emitting layer EL can be disposed on the pixel electrode PE. The light-emitting layer EL can be disposed on the upper surface of the pixel electrode PE exposed by the pixel definition film PDL. The light-emitting layer EL can include a material that emits light of a predetermined color. For example, the light-emitting layer EL can include a material that emits red light, green light, or blue light, but the invention is not limited thereto.

[0094] The common electrode CE can be disposed on the pixel definition film PDL and the light-emitting layer EL. The common electrode CE can include metals, alloys, conductive metal oxides, conductive metal nitrides, transparent conductive materials, etc. They can be used individually or in combination with each other.

[0095] Therefore, the light-emitting element LE, including the pixel electrode PE, the light-emitting layer EL, and the common electrode CE, can be arranged in the display area DA on the substrate SUB. The light-emitting element LE can be electrically connected to the transistor TR. The light-emitting element LE can generate light corresponding to the driving current received from the transistor TR. The transistor TR and the light-emitting element LE can correspond to pixels (e.g., ...). Figure 2 Each of the pixels PX).

[0096] The encapsulation layer TFE can be disposed on the common electrode CE. The encapsulation layer TFE can protect the light-emitting element LE from external moisture, oxygen, etc. The encapsulation layer TFE may include at least one inorganic layer and at least one organic layer.

[0097] The display device DD according to an embodiment of the present invention may include the window WN, wherein the window WN includes: a glass article GL, manufactured by float glass and including the stress compensation layer GL2 (i.e., a tin surface); and an anti-reflective layer RL disposed on the stress compensation layer GL2. The stress compensation layer GL2 and the anti-reflective layer RL can cause bending of the window WN in opposite directions, and the stress of the anti-reflective layer RL causing bending of the window WN in one direction (e.g., the third direction DR3) can be compensated by the stress of the glass article GL, which includes the stress compensation layer GL2 causing bending of the window WN in a direction opposite to that direction (e.g., opposite to the third direction DR3). Thus, the bending of the window WN can be minimized.

[0098] Figures 8 to 14 This is a diagram illustrating a method for manufacturing a window according to an embodiment of the present invention. (Refer to...) Figures 8 to 14 The method for creating the explanatory window can be a manufacturing reference. Figures 1 to 7 The method of including the window WN in the display device DD described herein. Hereinafter, repeated descriptions will be omitted or simplified.

[0099] Figure 8 , Figure 9 and Figure 10 It can be a diagram that schematically illustrates the forming process of preparing a glass product. Figure 11 It can be a diagram that schematically illustrates the cutting process for preparing glass products. Figure 12 It can be a diagram that schematically illustrates the processing technology of glass products. Figure 13 It can be a diagram that schematically illustrates the strengthening process of glass products. Figure 14 It can be a diagram that schematically illustrates the coating process of glass products.

[0100] Reference Figure 8 , Figure 9 and Figure 10 The pre-existing glass article P_GL can be formed by performing a forming process. In one embodiment, the forming process can be performed by a float process. In this forming process, a glass composition is formed into a flat glass shape by a float process, thereby manufacturing the pre-existing glass article P_GL.

[0101] The glass composition may contain silicon oxide (SiO2). x For example, the glass composition may contain silicon dioxide (SiO2), and may also contain substances such as aluminum oxide (Al2O3), lithium oxide (LiO2), sodium oxide (Na2O), etc., but the invention is not limited thereto, and the glass composition may further contain other substances as needed.

[0102] The glass composition can be melted by heating with a heat source within a melting chamber. The heat source can heat the glass composition to a temperature above its melting point. The process of manufacturing the glass composition within the melting chamber is well known in the art and therefore will not be described in detail.

[0103] The glass composition can be formed on a bath BT to produce the pre-existing glass article P_GL. The glass composition can be added to the bath BT in a non-amorphous state. Molten tin MT can be contained within the bath BT.

[0104] For example, molten tin MT, melted at a temperature of approximately 700°C to approximately 1200°C, can be contained inside the bath BT. The molten glass composition, when added, can be positioned above the molten tin MT due to the density difference. That is, the pre-existing glass article P_GL can be manufactured in a floating state on the molten tin MT. The glass composition, added to the bath BT in a fluid state, can be stretched laterally across the horizontal plane of the bath BT by multiple forming rods MB, thereby forming the pre-existing glass article P_GL into the desired shape.

[0105] During the forming process, since molten tin MT is present at the bottom of the pre-formed glass article P_GL, some tin ions may penetrate into the pre-formed glass article P_GL in contact with it. Therefore, the pre-formed glass article P_GL may include a pre-stress compensation layer P_GL2 permeated with the tin ions and a pre-substrate substrate P_GL1 disposed on the pre-stress compensation layer P_GL2.

[0106] Within the bath BT, a pre-stress compensation layer P_GL2 can be formed on one surface of the pre-formed glass article P_GL that is in contact with the molten tin MT, and this surface can be the first surface SF1. That is, tin ions can permeate through the first surface SF1. A pre-substrate P_GL1 can be formed on the other surface opposite the first surface of the pre-formed glass article P_GL, and this other surface can be the second surface SF2. The tin ions in the pre-stress compensation layer P_GL2 can generate differences in ion exchange and ion diffusion rates during subsequent chemical strengthening processes. Therefore, as described above, differences in compressive stress arise in the glass article manufactured by chemical strengthening, which may lead to bending of the glass article.

[0107] Reference Figure 11 The pre-formed glass article P_GL is then cut using a cutting process. For example, the cutting process of the pre-formed glass article P_GL can be performed after the forming process of the glass composition.

[0108] The prepared glass article P_GL may have the same characteristics as... Figure 3 The glass articles GL can be of different sizes. For example, the cutting process of the pre-existing glass article P_GL can be performed on a large-area substrate comprising multiple glass articles GL, and the glass articles GL can be manufactured by cutting the pre-existing glass article P_GL into multiple pieces. For example, the cutting process of the pre-existing glass article P_GL can be performed using a cutting blade, a cutting wheel, a laser, etc.

[0109] Reference Figure 12 The glass product GL can be processed by performing the processing technology of the glass product GL. For example, the processing technology of the glass product GL can be performed after the cutting process of the pre-existing glass product P_GL.

[0110] In one embodiment, the glass article GL can be processed using computer numerical control (CNC). A CNC machining apparatus can be used to perform three-dimensional machining of the glass article GL. For example, the glass article GL can be machined so that the edges and corners of one surface of the glass article GL have a rounded shape, but the invention is not limited to this; the glass article GL can be processed into various shapes.

[0111] Reference Figure 13The glass article GL can be strengthened by performing a strengthening process. For example, the strengthening process of the glass article GL can be performed after the processing process of the glass article GL.

[0112] The strengthening process can be performed by chemical strengthening and / or thermal strengthening. The following describes the case where a chemical strengthening process is performed as the strengthening process for the glass article GL.

[0113] The chemical strengthening process can be performed by ion exchange. The ion exchange can be a process that uses another type of ion to exchange (or replace) the ions inside the glass article GL, and the ion exchange can be performed more than once.

[0114] Through this ion exchange, the surface of the glass article GL and the first ion I1 near the surface can be exchanged by the second ion I2, which has the same valence or oxidation state and a larger ionic radius. For example, in the glass article GL containing Li... + Na + K + 、Rb + In the case of the first ion I1, the first ion I1 on the surface of the glass article GL can be affected by Na with an ionic radius greater than its value. + K + 、Rb + Cs + The second ion I2 is exchanged.

[0115] The chemical strengthening process can be a single-salt or mixed-salt wet chemical strengthening process by immersion. The chemical strengthening process can be achieved by immersing the glass article GL in a bath (e.g., [missing information]). Figure 8 The bath BT contains a molten salt (e.g., containing the second ion I2) within the bath. Figure 8 The process is carried out within the molten salt (MS). For example, the chemical enhancement process can be carried out for 1 hour to 30 hours at the temperature of the molten salt at about 300°C to 500°C by using the molten salt such as potassium nitrate (KNO3) or sodium nitrate (NaNO3), but the invention is not limited thereto.

[0116] Reference Figure 13 and Figure 14 The glass article GL can be coated by performing a coating process. For example, the coating process of the glass article GL can be performed after the strengthening process of the glass article GL.

[0117] The second ions I2 can be densely distributed near the first surface SF1 of the glass article GL. Figure 4 In the first compression region SA1, compared to Figure 4 In the second compression region SA2, a greater amount of the second ions I2 can be distributed in a narrower region. That is, the density of the second ions I2 near the first surface SF1 can be greater than the density of the second ions I2 near the second surface SF2.

[0118] When a difference in compressive stress occurs between two opposing surfaces of glass, the edge of the glass may bend towards the side with greater compressive stress. In one embodiment, the compressive stress on the first surface SF1 of the glass article GL may be greater than the compressive stress on the second surface SF2 due to the high-density distribution of the second ions I2 in the stress compensation layer GL2, thereby potentially causing the edge of the glass article GL to bend towards the first surface SF1.

[0119] In one embodiment, the antireflective layer RL may be coated (or formed) on the first surface SF1 of the glass article GL. A high-hardness layer (e.g., within the antireflective layer RL) Figure 6 The thickness and ratio of the second layer RL2 and the fourth layer RL4 can be relatively large, which may increase the film stress of the antireflective layer RL.

[0120] When the anti-reflective layer RL, with its increased thickness and ratio of high-hardness layer, is coated onto glass, the edges of the glass may bend towards the surface without the anti-reflective layer RL (e.g., the side with lower tensile stress). In one embodiment, the anti-reflective layer RL may be coated onto the first surface SF1 of the glass article GL, thereby causing the edges of the glass article GL coated with the anti-reflective layer RL to bend towards the second surface SF2.

[0121] Further reference Figure 3 In one embodiment, the window WN may have a tendency to bend in one direction due to the stress compensation layer GL2 of the glass article GL, and may have a tendency to bend in the opposite direction due to the anti-reflective layer RL. Thus, the stress (or bending) of the window WN can be compensated, thereby improving the degree of bending of the window WN.

[0122] Figure 15 This is a graph comparing the flatness of the windows of the comparative example and the embodiment.

[0123] For example, flatness can be measured in a planar glass by the height of feature points (e.g., the apex of a surface of the glass, the center of the surface of the glass, etc.) from a reference plane, and thus quantified by the difference between the maximum and minimum values. A smaller flatness value indicates better flatness.

[0124] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 15 ,exist Figure 15 In the examples, "before strengthening" refers to Comparative Example 1, which describes the glass product GL before strengthening, and "after strengthening" refers to Comparative Example 2, which describes the glass product GL after strengthening. Both examples are windows where the anti-reflective layer RL is not coated on the first surface SF1 (i.e., the stress compensation layer GL2) of the glass product GL. "After coating" refers to an embodiment where the anti-reflective layer RL is coated on the first surface SF1 of the glass product GL after strengthening.

[0125] Figure 15 The average flatness of the experimental examples (i.e., the first comparative example, the second comparative example, and the embodiment) is shown. The average flatness of the first comparative example corresponds to 0.14 mm, the average flatness of the second comparative example corresponds to 0.18 mm, and the average flatness of the embodiment corresponds to 0.13 mm. Therefore, when compared with the comparative examples, it can be confirmed that the flatness is improved in the embodiment.

[0126] Figure 16 This is a block diagram illustrating an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 17 It shows that Figure 16 The diagram shows an example of an electronic device implemented as a smartphone.

[0127] Reference Figure 16 and Figure 17 The electronic device 100 may include a processor 110, a memory device 120, a storage device 130, an input / output device 140, a power supply 150, and a display device 160. In this case, the display device 160 may be the display device DD including the aforementioned window WN. The electronic device 100 may also include multiple ports capable of communicating with graphics cards, sound cards, memory cards, USB devices, etc., or with other systems.

[0128] In one embodiment, such as Figure 17As shown, the electronic device 100 can be implemented as a smartphone. However, this is merely an exemplary case, and the electronic device 100 is not limited thereto. For example, the electronic device 100 can be implemented as a mobile phone, video phone, television, smart tablet, smartwatch, tablet PC, vehicle display, computer monitor, laptop computer, head-mounted display, etc.

[0129] The processor 110 can perform specific calculations or tasks. The processor 110 can control the display device 160. The processor 110 can be a microprocessor, a central processing unit (CPU), an application processor (AP), etc. The processor 110 can be connected to other components via address bus, control bus, and data bus. The processor 110 can also be connected to expansion buses such as the peripheral component interconnect (PCI) bus.

[0130] The memory device 120 can store data required for the operation of the electronic device 100. For example, the memory device 120 may be a non-volatile memory device such as an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a flash memory device, a phase change random access memory (PRAM), a resistance random access memory (RRAM), a nano floating gate memory (NFGM), a polymer random access memory (PoRAM), a magnetic random access memory (MRAM), a ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM), and / or a volatile memory device such as a dynamic random access memory (DRAM), a static random access memory (SRAM), or a mobile DRAM device.

[0131] The storage device 130 may include a solid-state drive (SSD), a hard disk drive (HDD), a read-only optical disc (CD-ROM), etc. The input / output device 140 may include input devices such as a keyboard, keypad, touchpad, touch screen, mouse, etc., and output devices such as speakers, printers, etc.

[0132] The power supply 150 can supply the power required for the operation of the electronic device 100. The display device 160 can be connected to other components via a bus or other communication link. In one embodiment, the display device 160 may be included in the input / output device 140. Industrial availability

[0133] This invention can be applied to display devices and electronic devices including such display devices. For example, it can be applied to high-resolution smartphones, mobile phones, smart tablets, smartwatches, tablet PCs, vehicle navigation systems, televisions, computer monitors, laptops, etc.

[0134] The above description refers to exemplary embodiments of the present invention. However, those skilled in the art will understand that various modifications and alterations can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the claims.

Claims

1. A window, characterized in that, include: A glass article includes a first surface, a second surface, a substrate, and a stress compensation layer. The second surface faces the first surface and has a compressive stress less than that of the first surface. The substrate defines the second surface. The stress compensation layer is disposed on the substrate and defines the first surface, and contains a material different from that of the substrate. as well as An anti-reflective layer is disposed on the first surface of the glass article.

2. The window according to claim 1, characterized in that, The glass article has stress that causes the window to bend in one direction. The anti-reflective layer has stress that causes the window to bend in a direction opposite to the first direction.

3. The window according to claim 2, characterized in that, The stress in the glass article compensates for the stress in the anti-reflective layer.

4. The window according to claim 1, characterized in that, The stress compensation layer comprises tin ions.

5. The window according to claim 1, characterized in that, The anti-reflective layer includes: The first layer; and The second layer is placed on top of the first layer and has a higher hardness than the first layer.

6. The window according to claim 5, characterized in that, The thickness of the first layer is less than the thickness of the second layer.

7. The window according to claim 5, characterized in that, The thickness-based ratio of the first layer in the anti-reflective layer is less than the thickness-based ratio of the second layer in the anti-reflective layer.

8. The window according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first layer and the second layer are arranged alternately along the thickness direction of the anti-reflective layer.

9. The window according to claim 1, characterized in that, The glass products include: A first compression region extends from the first surface to a first compression depth; and The second compression region extends from the second surface to the second compression depth. Wherein, the first compression depth is less than the second compression depth.

10. The window according to claim 1, characterized in that, The glass products are manufactured using the float glass process.

11. A method for manufacturing a window, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: A glass article is formed, the glass article comprising a first surface, a second surface opposite to the first surface and having a compressive stress less than that of the first surface, a substrate defining the second surface, and a stress compensation layer disposed on the substrate and defining the first surface and comprising a material different from that of the substrate. as well as An anti-reflective layer is formed on the first surface of the glass article.

12. The method for manufacturing a window according to claim 11, characterized in that, The glass article has stress that causes the window to bend in one direction. In the step of forming the glass article, the glass article is bent in the direction by the stress of the glass article.

13. The method for manufacturing a window according to claim 12, characterized in that, The anti-reflective layer has stress that causes the window to bend in a direction opposite to the first direction. During the step of forming the antireflective layer, the glass article and the antireflective layer are bent in the direction opposite to the first direction by the stress of the antireflective layer.

14. The method for manufacturing a window according to claim 13, characterized in that, The stress in the glass article compensates for the stress in the anti-reflective layer.

15. The method for manufacturing a window according to claim 11, characterized in that, The glass products are manufactured using the float glass process. The stress compensation layer comprises tin ions.

16. The method for manufacturing a window according to claim 11, characterized in that, The anti-reflective layer includes: The first layer; and The second layer is placed on top of the first layer and has a higher hardness than the first layer.

17. The method for manufacturing a window according to claim 16, characterized in that, The thickness of the first layer is less than the thickness of the second layer.

18. The method for manufacturing a window according to claim 16, characterized in that, The thickness-based ratio of the first layer in the anti-reflective layer is less than the thickness-based ratio of the second layer in the anti-reflective layer.

19. The method for manufacturing a window according to claim 16, characterized in that, The first layer and the second layer are arranged alternately along the thickness direction of the anti-reflective layer.

20. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: Display device; as well as The processor controls the display device. The display device includes: A display panel, including a plurality of pixels arranged in the display area; and The window according to any one of claims 1 to 10 is arranged on the display panel.

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