Method for preparing autoclaved aerated concrete by mechanical stripping assisted alkali modification and collaborative treatment of iron tailings

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of autoclaved aerated concrete, and particularly relates to a method for preparing autoclaved aerated concrete by mechanical stripping assisted alkali modification and collaborative disposal of iron tailings. The method comprises the following steps: S1: weighing raw materials; S2: placing the iron tailings in a ball mill for mechanical stripping treatment; S3: alkali modification of the mechanically stripped iron tailings, followed by neutralization and drying to obtain treated iron tailings; S4: preparing modified fly ash; S5: uniformly mixing the treated iron tailings, modified fly ash, cement, lime, water, desulfurization ash, foam stabilizer, foaming agent and silicon powder to obtain a slurry; S6: expanding and solidifying the slurry; and S7: hydrating and cooling to room temperature. The prepared autoclaved aerated concrete has high dry density, excellent compressive strength and frost resistance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of autoclaved aerated concrete technology for building materials, specifically relating to a method for preparing autoclaved aerated concrete from iron tailings through mechanical stripping-assisted alkali modification and synergistic treatment. Background Technology

[0002] Autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC), with its comprehensive characteristics of being lightweight, thermally insulating, fire-resistant, and highly efficient in construction, has become one of the key materials for promoting energy conservation, emission reduction, and lightweight construction in the building industry, and is widely used in various building projects. Dry density, compressive strength, and frost resistance are the core parameters for evaluating its application feasibility and service reliability, directly determining the material's suitability and service life in actual engineering projects.

[0003] The mining, metallurgy, and mineral processing industries generate massive amounts of solid waste. Long-term stockpiling of this waste not only occupies vast amounts of land resources but also easily leads to ecological and environmental problems such as soil and water pollution, and even poses safety hazards such as landslides and dust storms. Converting this solid waste into building material raw materials can effectively alleviate the pressure of mining primary mineral resources and achieve the reduction, harmlessness, and resource utilization of waste.

[0004] Iron tailings, as a typical bulk siliceous solid waste in the mining and metallurgical industry, possess abundant siliceous components and have potential value as a silicon source for autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC). Its resource utilization is of great significance for promoting the green development of the industry. However, iron tailings have inherent defects in their natural state, such as low reactivity, dense particle structure, small specific surface area, and weak surface chemical activity. These problems severely limit their direct substitution ratio in high-performance AAC and also affect the overall performance of the substituted material. Existing utilization pathways typically rely on single physical refining or chemical modification, or on adding functional additives to compensate for the material's inherent shortcomings. These methods involve trade-offs in terms of cost, process complexity, and sustainability.

[0005] Chinese patent CN103693919B discloses an autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) block made from iron tailings and steel slag, and its preparation method. The prepared AAC blocks exhibit good volume stability, high dry density, and high compressive strength. Chinese patent CN113773037A discloses a high-silicon iron tailings AAC board and its preparation method. This invention's high-silicon iron tailings AAC board is low in cost, high in strength, durable, has good thermal insulation properties, and low density.

[0006] However, existing autoclaved aerated concrete blocks cannot achieve a synergistic effect in terms of dry density, compressive strength, and frost resistance. Therefore, improving the overall performance and economy of the material has become a key technical problem that the industry urgently needs to solve. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for preparing autoclaved aerated concrete from iron tailings by mechanical stripping-assisted alkali modification and co-processing. This method can achieve efficient resource utilization of bulk solid wastes such as iron tailings, while simultaneously achieving the synergistic attainment of dry density, compressive strength, and frost resistance standards.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0009] A method for preparing autoclaved aerated concrete from iron tailings through mechanical stripping-assisted alkali modification and synergistic treatment includes the following steps: S1: Weigh the raw materials according to the following weight proportions: 30-50 parts iron tailings, 10-30 parts fly ash, 10-20 parts cement, 10-20 parts lime, 50-60 parts water, 5-8 parts desulfurization ash, 0.1-0.3 parts foam stabilizer, 0.1-0.3 parts foaming agent, and 8-15 parts silica fume; S2: The iron tailings are placed in a ball mill for mechanical stripping. S3: The iron tailings after mechanical stripping are alkali modified, then neutralized and dried to obtain the treated iron tailings; S4: The fly ash was modified sequentially by using sodium sulfate aqueous solution and silane coupling agent ethanol solution, and then dried to obtain modified fly ash; S5: Mix the treated iron tailings, modified fly ash, cement, lime, water, desulfurization ash, foam stabilizer, foaming agent, and silica powder evenly to obtain a slurry; S6: Expand and solidify the slurry; S7: Hydration treatment is carried out to obtain mechanically stripped alkali-modified synergistic treatment of iron tailings for the preparation of autoclaved aerated concrete.

[0010] This invention applies intense shearing and collision to iron tailings particles through mechanical exfoliation, causing distortion and amorphization of their crystal structure, forming numerous high-energy active sites and significantly increasing their specific surface area. Subsequently, alkali modification reconstructs a reaction layer rich in polar functional groups such as Si-OH and Al-OH on their surface. This synergistic effect of physical activation and chemical modification not only transforms inert tailings into a highly active silicon-aluminum source, promoting rapid nucleation and growth of tobermorite during autoclaving, but also, by altering the surface energy and polarity of the particles, enables them to effectively adsorb and stabilize bubbles in the slurry, constructing a porous network with uniform pore size. Finally, under autoclaving conditions, the modified particles act as a core matrix, guiding the formation of a three-dimensional interwoven microcrystalline framework, thereby simultaneously achieving a unified material that is lightweight, high-strength, and highly stable.

[0011] Preferably, the preparation method of the modified fly ash includes the following steps: adding fly ash to a sodium sulfate aqueous solution with a mass concentration of 4-6%, soaking for 2-3 hours, filtering to obtain fly ash filter cake, adding the fly ash filter cake to a silane coupling agent ethanol solution with a mass fraction of 1.5-2.5 wt%, stirring at 500-600 rpm for 80-100 minutes, and drying to constant weight to obtain modified fly ash.

[0012] Existing technologies only use silane coupling agents to modify fly ash, mainly improving physical interfacial bonding, with limited enhancement effects in this system. This invention employs a two-step modification: first, chemical activation with sodium sulfate solution disrupts the glassy structure of fly ash, significantly increasing its chemical reactivity and enabling the formation of more strength phase (CSH gel) during autoclaving. Subsequently, silane coupling agent treatment forms strongly chemically bonded molecular bridges on the activated, highly active surface, greatly strengthening the interfacial bonding between fly ash particles and the cement matrix. This synergistic effect of first activating the bulk and then strengthening the interface effectively improves the compressive strength of concrete from two fundamental levels: increasing the amount of strength phase generated and optimizing network connectivity.

[0013] Preferably, the silicon micro powder comprises silicon micro powder A, silicon micro powder B and silicon micro powder C in a mass ratio of (5-6):(3-4):(1-2).

[0014] Preferably, the silicon micro powder A has a particle size range of 60-80 μm and an average particle size of 75 μm; the silicon micro powder B has a particle size range of 30-40 μm and an average particle size of 36 μm; and the silicon micro powder C has a particle size range of 10-30 μm and an average particle size of 17 μm.

[0015] Preferably, the foam stabilizer is one or a combination of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and triethanolamine.

[0016] Preferably, the foam stabilizer is a mixture of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and triethanolamine in a mass ratio of 1:(0.5-0.7).

[0017] Single-size silica powder tends to create packing voids in a system, limiting its filling effect and activity contribution, and thus offering limited improvement to the freeze-thaw resistance of concrete. This invention employs a blend of three silica powder sizes. Through the close gradation of coarse, medium, and fine particles, optimal packing density is achieved, significantly reducing matrix porosity and accelerating hydration to generate more CSH gel. Simultaneously, a specific ratio of foam stabilizer, through synergistic action, precisely controls the bubble structure and pore size distribution, forming fine, uniform, and closed pores. This pore structure effectively blocks water penetration pathways, greatly alleviating ice crystal pressure during freeze-thaw cycles. Together, these two components construct a composite barrier of a dense matrix and optimized pores, thereby significantly enhancing freeze-thaw resistance.

[0018] Preferably, the alkali modification specifically involves: wet impregnation with an alkali solution or stirring treatment with an alkali solution.

[0019] Preferably, the foaming agent is composed of industrial aluminum powder paste and hydrogen peroxide, and the mass ratio of industrial aluminum powder paste to hydrogen peroxide is 3:1-5:1.

[0020] Preferably, the cement type is ordinary Portland cement.

[0021] Preferably, the desulfurization ash is calcium-based desulfurization ash, wherein the calcium oxide content is 40wt%-45wt% and the sulfur oxide content is 50wt%-55wt%; the fineness is 220-300 mesh and the specific surface area is 600-800m2 / kg.

[0022] Preferably, the foam stabilizer is one or a combination of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, cellulose ether, and triethanolamine.

[0023] Preferably, the foam stabilizer is a mixture of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, cellulose ether and triethanolamine in a mass ratio of 1:(0.5-0.7).

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. This invention applies intense shearing and collision to iron tailings particles through mechanical stripping, causing distortion and amorphization of their crystal structure, forming numerous high-energy active sites and significantly increasing their specific surface area. Subsequently, alkali modification is performed using OH... - The erosion process reconstructs a reaction layer rich in polar functional groups such as Si-OH and Al-OH on the surface. This synergistic effect of physical activation and chemical modification not only transforms inert tailings into a highly active silicon-aluminum source, promoting the rapid nucleation and growth of tobermorite during autoclaving, but also, by altering the surface energy and polarity of the particles, enables them to effectively adsorb and stabilize bubbles in the slurry, constructing a porous network with uniform pore size. Ultimately, under autoclaving conditions, the modified particles act as the core matrix, guiding the formation of a three-dimensional interwoven microcrystalline framework, thereby simultaneously achieving a balance between lightweight, high strength, and high stability in the material.

[0025] 2. The present invention employs a two-step modification process. First, chemical activation with sodium sulfate solution disrupts the glassy structure of fly ash, significantly enhancing its chemical reactivity. Then, treatment with a silane coupling agent forms strongly chemically bonded molecular bridges on the activated, highly reactive surface, greatly strengthening the interfacial bond between fly ash particles and the cement matrix. This synergistic effect of first activating the bulk and then strengthening the interface effectively improves the compressive strength of concrete from two fundamental levels: increasing the amount of strength-generating phases and optimizing network connectivity.

[0026] 3. This invention employs a blend of three particle sizes of silica micropowder. Through the close gradation of coarse, medium, and fine particles, optimal packing density is achieved, significantly reducing matrix porosity and accelerating hydration to generate more CSH gel. Simultaneously, a specific ratio of foam stabilizer works synergistically to precisely control the bubble structure and pore size distribution, forming small, uniform, and closed pores. This pore structure effectively blocks water penetration pathways, greatly alleviating ice crystal pressure during freeze-thaw cycles. These two elements synergistically construct a composite barrier of a dense matrix and optimized pores, thereby significantly enhancing freeze resistance. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] All raw materials used in the following embodiments of the present invention are commercially available products: The iron tailings are powdery iron tailings sand, with a 2.6% residue on a 32-mesh square-hole sieve, a median particle size of 130 μm, and an average specific surface area of ​​70 m². 2 / kg. The chemical composition (mass percentage) is: silicon dioxide 55.96%, aluminum oxide 7.03%, calcium oxide 18.62%, magnesium oxide 4.12%, ferric oxide 6.20%, loss on ignition 7.87%, and the balance is impurities.

[0029] The fly ash is high-alumina fly ash, and its chemical composition (mass percentage) is as follows: SiO2 35.5%, Al2O3 39.2%, CaO 10.4%, Fe2O3 5.7%, MgO 3.6%, with the balance being impurities; the fineness ranges from 400 to 500 mesh, and the average specific surface area is 550 m². 2 / kg.

[0030] The cement type is ordinary Portland cement, and the grade is P. O42.5.

[0031] The lime is quicklime, the slaking time is 20 min, the slaking temperature is 95℃, and the effective calcium oxide content is 77.5 wt%.

[0032] The water is tap water with a pH of 7.0.

[0033] The desulfurization ash is calcium-based, containing 42 wt% calcium oxide and 55 wt% sulfur oxide; its fineness is 220-300 mesh, and its average specific surface area is 746 m². 2 / kg.

[0034] The foaming agent is composed of industrial aluminum powder paste and hydrogen peroxide in a mass ratio of 4:1.

[0035] Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, Shandong Jinhong New Material Technology Co., Ltd.

[0036] The silane coupling agent is KH550.

[0037] Example 1 This embodiment provides a method for preparing autoclaved aerated concrete from iron tailings through mechanical stripping-assisted alkali modification and synergistic treatment, including the following steps: S1: Weigh the raw materials according to the following parts by weight: 42 parts iron tailings, 18 parts fly ash, 16 parts cement, 14 parts lime, 55 parts water, 7 parts desulfurization ash, 0.2 parts foam stabilizer, 0.2 parts foaming agent, and 10 parts silica powder; the silica powder includes silica powder A with a particle size range of 60-80 μm and an average particle size of 75 μm, a silica powder B with a particle size range of 30-40 μm and an average particle size of 36 μm, and silica powder C with a particle size range of 10-30 μm and an average particle size of 17 μm, in a mass ratio of 5:3:2. The foam stabilizer is a mixture of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and triethanolamine in a mass ratio of 1:0.6.

[0038] S2: The iron tailings are placed in a ball mill for mechanical stripping. Zirconia balls are used as the grinding media. A multi-stage ball diameter ratio is adopted, specifically 10mm, 6mm and 3mm, with a mass ratio of 2:3:5. The total filling amount is 30% of the effective volume of the chamber, the ball-to-material ratio is 15:1 by mass, and the stripping time is 30 minutes to obtain the mechanically stripped iron tailings. S3: The mechanically stripped iron tailings are wet-leached, neutralized, and dried using an alkaline solution; the alkaline modification is performed by wet-leaching with an alkaline solution, the alkaline solution being 1% sodium hydroxide by mass, and the leaching time being 500 min; neutralized to neutral using 1% hydrochloric acid by mass, and dried at 105°C to a moisture content of 1 wt%, to obtain the alkaline-treated iron tailings; S4: Add fly ash to a 5% sodium sulfate aqueous solution with a liquid-to-solid mass ratio of 2:1, soak for 2 hours, stirring intermittently every 30 minutes, filter under vacuum of 0.08 MPa, and wash the filter cake three times with water at 60°C until the liquid droplets stop dripping and the surface of the filter cake is still moist but without free liquid to obtain fly ash filter cake. Add the fly ash filter cake to a 2wt% silane coupling agent ethanol solution with a mass ratio of fly ash filter cake to silane coupling agent ethanol solution of 2:1, stir at 600 rpm for 90 minutes, and dry at 105°C to constant weight to obtain modified fly ash; S5: Mix iron tailings, modified fly ash, cement, lime, water, desulfurization ash, foam stabilizer, foaming agent, and silica powder evenly to obtain a slurry; S6: Fill the slurry into the stainless steel mold to a height of 2 / 3 of the mold height, and place the stainless steel mold together in a constant temperature and humidity incubator for micro-expansion and curing stage. The temperature of the constant temperature and humidity incubator is 60℃, the relative humidity is 50%, and the standing time is 8h, to obtain fully expanded iron tailings-based autoclaved lightweight concrete. S7: The fully expanded iron tailings-based autoclaved lightweight concrete is placed in an autoclave for hydration. The temperature inside the autoclave is 190℃ and the pressure inside the autoclave is 1.20MPa. The set temperature and pressure are reached within 30 minutes. After reaching the set temperature and pressure, the mixture is left to stand for 8 hours. After the autoclaving process is completed, it is cooled to room temperature to obtain autoclaved aerated concrete prepared from iron tailings that have undergone mechanical stripping-assisted alkali modification and synergistic treatment.

[0039] Example 2 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the raw materials are weighed according to the following weight proportions: 30 parts iron tailings, 10 parts fly ash, 10 parts cement, 10 parts lime, 50 parts water, 5 parts desulfurization ash, 0.1 parts foam stabilizer, 0.1 parts foaming agent, and 8 parts silica powder.

[0040] Example 3 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the raw materials are weighed according to the following weight proportions: 50 parts iron tailings, 30 parts fly ash, 20 parts cement, 20 parts lime, 60 parts water, 8 parts desulfurization ash, 0.3 parts foam stabilizer, 0.3 parts foaming agent, and 15 parts silica powder.

[0041] Comparative Example 1 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the silicon micropowder is silicon micropowder B with a particle size range of 30-40 μm and an average particle size of 36 μm.

[0042] Comparative Example 2 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the silica powder comprises silica powder A (60-80 μm in particle size range, 75 μm average particle size), silica powder B (30-40 μm in particle size range, 36 μm average particle size), and silica powder C (10-30 μm in particle size range, 17 μm average particle size), with a mass ratio of 1:1:1. The foam stabilizer is a mixture of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and triethanolamine with a mass ratio of 1:0.6.

[0043] Comparative Example 3 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the fly ash is not modified, and the fly ash type is high-alumina fly ash. The chemical composition (mass percentage) is as follows: SiO2 35.5%, Al2O3 39.2%, CaO 10.4%, Fe2O3 5.7%, MgO 3.6%, with the remainder being impurities; the fineness range is between 400-500 mesh, and the average specific surface area is 550 m². 2 / kg.

[0044] Comparative Example 4 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that fly ash was added to a 2 wt% silane coupling agent ethanol solution, with a mass ratio of fly ash to silane coupling agent ethanol solution of 2:1. The mixture was stirred at 600 rpm for 90 min and dried at 105 °C to constant weight to obtain modified fly ash.

[0045] Comparative Example 5 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the foam stabilizer is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose.

[0046] Comparative Example 6 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the foam stabilizer is a mixture of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and triethanolamine in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0047] Comparative Example 7 The comparative example is the concrete prepared in Example 1 of Chinese Patent CN103693919B, which discloses an autoclaved aerated concrete block and preparation method made from iron tailings and steel slag.

[0048] Comparative Example 8 This comparative example is the concrete prepared according to Example 1 of Chinese CN113773037A, which describes a high-silicon iron tailings autoclaved aerated concrete panel and its preparation method.

[0049] Performance testing The dry density, compressive strength, and frost resistance of the concrete in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-8 were determined according to GB / T 11969-2020 "Test Methods for Performance of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete". Frost resistance was expressed as the compressive strength loss rate, F0. m (%) = (f) zd -f ld )÷f zd ×100%, f zd The compressive strength of parallel comparative specimens (those that have not undergone freeze-thaw cycles and are only used as a reference) after the freeze-thaw test. ld The compressive strength of the freeze-thaw specimen (the specimen that has actually undergone freeze-thaw cycles) after the freeze-thaw test.

[0050] The performance test results are shown in Table 1.

[0051] Table 1 Performance Test Results

[0052] As shown in Table 1, the autoclaved aerated concrete of Examples 1-3 has excellent comprehensive performance, high compressive strength, and good frost resistance. In the prior art, the product of Comparative Example 7 has high compressive strength, but its frost resistance is severely reduced. The frost resistance and compressive strength of Comparative Example 8 are both lower than those of the product of this invention.

[0053] In Comparative Examples 1 and 2, changes in the parameters of the silica powder resulted in a decrease in compressive strength and frost resistance.

[0054] Comparative Example 4, which was modified with silane coupling agent, did not show ideal improvement in compressive strength and freeze resistance.

[0055] The foam stabilizers in Comparative Examples 5 and 6 were different, resulting in a decrease in compressive strength.

[0056] The above description represents the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing autoclaved aerated concrete from iron tailings through mechanical stripping-assisted alkali modification and synergistic treatment, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Weigh the raw materials according to the following weight proportions: 30-50 parts iron tailings, 10-30 parts fly ash, 10-20 parts cement, 10-20 parts lime, 50-60 parts water, 5-8 parts desulfurization ash, 0.1-0.3 parts foam stabilizer, 0.1-0.3 parts foaming agent, and 8-15 parts silica fume; S2: Mechanical stripping of iron tailings; S3: The iron tailings after mechanical stripping are alkali modified to obtain the treated iron tailings; S4: Fly ash is modified by sequentially using sodium sulfate aqueous solution and silane coupling agent ethanol solution to obtain modified fly ash; S5: Mix the treated iron tailings, modified fly ash, cement, lime, water, desulfurization ash, foam stabilizer, foaming agent, and silica powder evenly to obtain a slurry; S6: Expand and solidify the slurry; S7: Hydration treatment is carried out to obtain autoclaved aerated concrete.

2. The method for preparing autoclaved aerated concrete from iron tailings using mechanical stripping-assisted alkali modification and synergistic treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The silicon micro powder includes silicon micro powder A, silicon micro powder B and silicon micro powder C in a mass ratio of (5-6):(3-4):(1-2).

3. The method for preparing autoclaved aerated concrete from iron tailings using mechanical stripping-assisted alkali modification and synergistic treatment according to claim 2, characterized in that, The silicon micro powder A has a particle size range of 60-80 μm and an average particle size of 75 μm; the silicon micro powder B has a particle size range of 30-40 μm and an average particle size of 36 μm; and the silicon micro powder C has a particle size range of 10-30 μm and an average particle size of 17 μm.

4. The method for preparing autoclaved aerated concrete from iron tailings using mechanical stripping-assisted alkali modification and synergistic treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The alkali modification of iron tailings after mechanical stripping is specifically carried out by wet leaching with alkali solution or stirring treatment with alkali solution.

5. The method for preparing autoclaved aerated concrete from iron tailings using mechanical stripping-assisted alkali modification and synergistic treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for preparing the modified fly ash includes the following steps: adding fly ash to a sodium sulfate aqueous solution with a mass concentration of 4-6%, soaking for 2-3 hours, filtering to obtain fly ash filter cake, adding the fly ash filter cake to a silane coupling agent ethanol solution with a mass fraction of 1.5-2.5 wt%, stirring at 500-600 rpm for 80-100 minutes, and drying to obtain modified fly ash.

6. The method for preparing autoclaved aerated concrete from iron tailings using mechanical stripping-assisted alkali modification and synergistic treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The foaming agent is composed of industrial aluminum powder paste and hydrogen peroxide, with a mass ratio of industrial aluminum powder paste to hydrogen peroxide of 3:1-5:

1.

7. The method for preparing autoclaved aerated concrete from iron tailings using mechanical stripping-assisted alkali modification and synergistic treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cement is ordinary Portland cement.

8. The method for preparing autoclaved aerated concrete from iron tailings using mechanical stripping-assisted alkali modification and synergistic treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The desulfurization ash is calcium-based desulfurization ash.

9. The method for preparing autoclaved aerated concrete from iron tailings using mechanical stripping-assisted alkali modification and synergistic treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The foam stabilizer is one or a combination of two of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and triethanolamine.

10. The method for preparing autoclaved aerated concrete from iron tailings using mechanical stripping-assisted alkali modification and synergistic treatment according to claim 9, characterized in that, The foam stabilizer is a mixture of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and triethanolamine in a mass ratio of 1:(0.5-0.7).

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