A camel hair defatting and separating method based on biological enzyme-ultrasonic wave cooperation
By employing a bio-enzyme-ultrasound synergistic treatment method, the problems of degreasing and fiber separation of camel wool fibers have been solved, achieving efficient degreasing and low-damage fiber treatment, thereby improving the spinnability of the fibers and the quality of spinning.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- MINJIANG UNIVERSITY
- Filing Date
- 2026-02-10
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-05
AI Technical Summary
Traditional methods are ineffective at removing grease from the surface of camel hair fibers and opening their dense scale structure, resulting in difficulties in spinning and limited fiber separation. Existing enzyme or ultrasonic treatments are not very effective for camel hair.
A bio-enzyme-ultrasound synergistic treatment method is adopted, using an aqueous solution containing bio-enzymes, penetrants and pH buffers to treat camel wool fibers at an ultrasonic frequency of 25-60kHz and a power density of 0.3~1.0W/cm². Combined with mechanical stirring, the enzyme solution penetrates and the scales loosen, and the enzymatic reaction accelerates the hydrolysis of oils.
It significantly improves the degreasing rate and fiber splitting of camel hair fibers, protects fiber length and luster, and enhances fiber cohesion, laying the foundation for high-quality spinning processing.
Smart Images
Figure CN122147648A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of textile material processing technology, specifically involving a method for degreasing and separating camel hair fibers based on the synergistic effect of bio-enzymes and ultrasound. Background Technology
[0002] Camel wool is a precious animal protein fiber. Its fiber surface has a high and dense layer of scales, smooth edges, and a tight fit, and is covered with a large amount of unique oils, mainly wax esters and free fatty acids. This structural characteristic leads to the following traditional processing difficulties: 1. Difficulty in spinning and processing: The fiber surface is smooth, the crimp is low, and the cohesion is poor, making it difficult to directly spin into high-quality yarn.
[0003] 2. Incomplete degreasing: Traditional alkaline washing or organic solvent degreasing methods have poor penetration into the dense scale layer, making it difficult to efficiently remove internal grease. Furthermore, excessive processing intensity can easily lead to fiber damage, felting, and loss of luster.
[0004] 3. Limited fiber separation effect: Single physical mechanical opening or chemical treatment is difficult to effectively open the tightly packed scale structure of the fiber without damaging it, thus failing to fully expose the fiber surface area to improve subsequent spinnability.
[0005] While existing technologies utilize bio-enzymes or ultrasound alone to treat fibers such as wool, the fundamental differences between camel hair and wool in terms of scale structure and oil chemical composition mean that directly applying existing processes yields unsatisfactory results. For example, proteases or lipases used for wool have low hydrolysis efficiency for the complex oils in camel hair; ultrasound treatment alone lacks sufficient energy to loosen its dense scales, and increasing the energy can easily damage the fiber strength. Therefore, developing a low-damage pretreatment method that addresses the structural characteristics of camel hair and synergistically solves the two major challenges of degreasing and fiber separation is of great significance for increasing the added value of camel hair and expanding its high-end applications. Summary of the Invention
[0006] The purpose of this section is to outline some aspects of embodiments of the present invention and to briefly describe some preferred embodiments. Simplifications or omissions may be made in this section, as well as in the abstract and title of this application, to avoid obscuring the purpose of these documents; however, such simplifications or omissions should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
[0007] In view of the problems existing in the above and / or prior art, the present invention is proposed.
[0008] Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a method for degreasing and separating camel wool fibers based on the synergistic effect of bio-enzymes and ultrasound.
[0009] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: including, The pretreated raw camel wool fibers are soaked in an enzyme synergistic treatment solution and subjected to ultrasonic synergistic treatment under the conditions of ultrasonic frequency of 25-60kHz and power density of 0.3~1.0W / cm². After the treatment, the fibers are washed, dehydrated and dried in sequence to obtain degreased and separated camel wool fibers. The enzyme synergistic treatment solution is an aqueous solution containing biological enzymes, a permeabilizer, and a pH buffer, and the effective total enzyme activity concentration of the biological enzymes in the enzyme synergistic treatment solution is 140~200 U / L.
[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the camel wool fiber degreasing and fiber separation method based on bio-enzyme-ultrasound synergy described in this invention, the pretreatment of the original camel wool fiber includes sorting to remove coarse hair and impurities, and preliminary loosening.
[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the camel wool fiber degreasing and fiber separation method based on bio-enzyme-ultrasound synergy described in this invention, wherein: the bio-enzyme is a complex enzyme of lipase and esterase; The lipase includes one or more of the following: Candida albicans-derived lipase, Rhizopus-derived lipase, Bacillus-derived lipase, Mucor-derived lipase, and commercially available textile-specific lipase. The esterase includes one or more of the following: carboxylesterase, lipoprotein esterase, and commercially available esterase compound preparations.
[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the camel wool fiber degreasing and fiber separation method based on bio-enzyme-ultrasound synergy described in this invention, the effective enzyme activity concentration of lipase in the enzyme synergy treatment solution is 100~150U / L, the effective enzyme activity concentration of esterase in the enzyme synergy treatment solution is 40~50U / L, and the effective enzyme activity ratio of the two is 2~3:1.
[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the camel wool fiber degreasing and fiber separation method based on bio-enzyme-ultrasound synergy described in this invention, wherein: the amount of penetrant in the enzyme synergistic treatment solution is 0.1~0.5wt% compared to the original camel wool fiber, and the penetrant is a nonionic surfactant.
[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the camel wool fiber degreasing and fiber separation method based on bio-enzyme-ultrasound synergy described in this invention, wherein: the amount of pH buffer in the enzyme synergy treatment solution is such that the pH of the enzyme synergy treatment solution is 7.0~9.0.
[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the camel wool fiber degreasing and fiber separation method based on bio-enzyme-ultrasound synergy described in this invention, the ultrasonic synergistic treatment temperature is 40~50℃ and the treatment time is 30~90 minutes.
[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the camel wool fiber degreasing and fiber separation method based on bio-enzyme-ultrasound synergy described in this invention, the ultrasonic synergistic treatment process includes mechanical stirring at a speed of 23-35 rpm.
[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the camel wool fiber degreasing and fiber separation method based on bio-enzyme-ultrasound synergy described in this invention, the washing is performed by rinsing in warm water at 40-45℃ until the water is clear and the pH is neutral, and the drying temperature is 55-65℃.
[0018] As a preferred embodiment of the camel wool fiber degreasing and fiber separation method based on bio-enzyme-ultrasound synergy described in this invention, the degreasing rate of the method is >85%, and the fiber length retention rate is >97%.
[0019] Beneficial effects of this invention: This invention provides a degreasing and fiber separation method for camel wool fibers based on the synergistic effect of bio-enzymes and ultrasound. During the process, the cavitation and mechanical effects of ultrasound promote the penetration of the treatment solution into the scale layer and physically assist in loosening the scales, while providing energy for the enzymatic reaction and accelerating product diffusion. The bio-enzymes specifically catalyze the hydrolysis of oils on the fiber surface and weaken the bonding effect between the scales. The two work together to achieve deep degreasing and structural fiber separation. While efficiently removing oils from the fiber surface and interior, it gently opens up the tightly packed scale structure, significantly improving the fiber's fiber separation degree, cohesion, and whiteness, and maximizing the protection of the fiber's natural length, strength, and luster, laying the foundation for subsequent high-quality spinning processing. Attached Figure Description
[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. Wherein: Figure 1 This is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of the surface morphology of untreated raw camel wool fibers.
[0021] Figure 2 The image shows the surface morphology of camel wool fibers treated by the method of this invention under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Detailed Implementation
[0022] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the examples in the specification.
[0023] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be practiced in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
[0024] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The phrase "in one embodiment" appearing in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a single or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.
[0025] Unless otherwise specified, all raw materials used in this invention are commercially available in the art. Specifically, the enzyme preparation used in the embodiments is as follows: Aspergillus niger carboxylesterase can be obtained from commercially available industrial-grade enzyme preparations with similar functions, such as Amano Enzyme's CE-AN "Amano" (product model CE-AN). For Pseudomonas lipoprotein lipase, you can use the lipase PS "Amano" SD (product model PS-SD) manufactured by Amano Enzyme of Japan or a commercially available product with similar function.
[0026] Antarctic Candida lipase B can be obtained using immobilized industrial enzyme preparations, such as Novozym® 435 manufactured by Novozymes.
[0027] Yiduoli L-800C textile-specific lipase and Yiduoli C001 textile-specific compound esterase are both textile-specific industrial enzyme preparations purchased from Guangdong Yiduoli Biotechnology Co., Ltd., with product models L-800C and C001 respectively; other commercially available textile-specific industrial enzyme preparations with similar functions may also be used.
[0028] The degreasing rate test method for camel hair in this invention refers to GB / T6504-2021 "Determination of oil content in wool fibers of textiles". The degreasing rate is calculated by measuring the lanolin (oil content) content of camel hair before and after treatment. The test method for the average fiber length retention rate of camel hair refers to GB / T10685-2007 "Wool Fiber Length Test Method Single Fiber Method". The average length of raw camel hair and the fibers after degreasing and splitting are measured respectively, and the length retention rate is calculated. The test methods for looseness, cohesion and whiteness are as follows: looseness is determined according to Appendix A of FZ / T64011-2011 "Test Methods for Loft and Compression Resilience", cohesion is determined according to GB / T29164-2012 "Determination of Fiber Cohesion in Textiles", and whiteness is determined according to GB / T8424.2-2019 "Tests for Color Fastness of Textiles - Determination of Relative Whiteness".
[0029] Example 1 This embodiment provides a method for degreasing and separating camel hair fibers based on the synergistic effect of bio-enzymes and ultrasound. Specifically: 1) Take 100g of raw camel hair, manually sort it to remove coarse hair and impurities, and use an opening machine to pre-open it to obtain pre-treated camel hair; 2) Add 5L of deionized water to the reaction tank, adjust the water temperature to 43℃, add Candida antarcticis lipase B (specific enzyme activity 10000U / g) and Aspergillus niger carboxylesterase (specific enzyme activity 5000U / g), the amount of enzyme added is so that the final effective enzyme activity concentrations of the two in the 5L system reach 125U / L and 50U / L respectively (that is, the enzyme activity ratio of Candida antarcticis lipase B to Aspergillus niger carboxylesterase in the system is 2.5:1), then add 0.3wt% of permeabilizing agent JFC compared with the original camel hair amount, adjust the pH of the system to 8.0 with phosphate buffer to obtain the enzyme synergistic treatment solution; 3) Immerse the pretreated camel hair in the enzyme co-treatment solution, ensuring complete immersion. Turn on the ultrasonic generator, set the frequency to 40kHz, the power density to 0.5W / cm², and use the pulse mode of "5 seconds on, 2 seconds off". At the same time, turn on the slow stirrer (30rpm) and keep the water temperature at 43±2℃. Perform ultrasonic co-treatment for 60 minutes. 4) After ultrasonic synergistic treatment, the waste liquid is discharged. The fibers are gently rinsed three times with warm water at 45°C until the water is clear and the pH is neutral. After centrifugation and dehydration, the fibers are dried in a 60°C forced-air oven to obtain the degreased and separated camel wool fibers of this embodiment.
[0030] Tests showed that the degreasing rate of camel hair treated in this embodiment was 89.2%, the average fiber length retention rate was 97.6%, and the whiteness value was significantly improved.
[0031] Figure 1 The image shows the surface morphology of untreated raw camel hair fibers under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Figure 2 The image shows the surface morphology of camel wool fibers treated by the method of this embodiment under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). It can be seen that the scales of the treated camel wool fibers are clearly opened and the surface is clean.
[0032] Example 2 The difference between this embodiment and Example 1 is that the formulation of the enzyme synergistic treatment solution and the ultrasonic treatment conditions have been adjusted. Specifically: 1) Take 100g of raw camel hair, manually sort it to remove coarse hair and impurities, and use an opening machine to pre-open it to obtain pre-treated camel hair; 2) Add 5L of deionized water to the reaction tank, adjust the water temperature to 48℃, add Yiduoli L-800C textile-specific lipase (specific enzyme activity 5000U / g) and Yiduoli C001 textile-specific composite esterase (specific enzyme activity 2000U / g), the amount of enzyme added is so that the final effective enzyme activity concentrations of the two in the 5L system reach 100U / L and 40U / L respectively (that is, the enzyme activity ratio of Yiduoli L-800C textile-specific lipase to Yiduoli C001 textile-specific composite esterase in the system is 2.5:1), then add 0.2wt% of penetrant JFC relative to the original camel hair amount, adjust the pH of the system to 8.5 with phosphate buffer, and obtain the enzyme synergistic treatment solution; 3) Immerse the pretreated camel hair in the enzyme synergistic treatment solution, ensuring complete immersion. Turn on the ultrasonic generator, set the frequency to 28kHz and the power density to 0.8W / cm², and use continuous working mode. At the same time, turn on the slow stirrer (30rpm) and maintain the water temperature at 48±2℃. Perform ultrasonic synergistic treatment for 40 minutes. 4) After ultrasonic synergistic treatment, the waste liquid is discharged. The fibers are gently rinsed three times with warm water at 45°C until the water is clear and the pH is neutral. After centrifugation and dehydration, the fibers are dried in a 60°C forced-air oven to obtain the degreased and separated camel wool fibers of this embodiment.
[0033] Tests showed that the degreasing rate of camel hair treated in this embodiment was 90.5%, and the average fiber length retention rate was 97.3%. The hand feel and fluffiness were superior to those in Example 1.
[0034] Example 3 The difference between this embodiment and Example 1 is that the Aspergillus niger carboxylesterase in the complex enzyme was changed to Pseudomonas lipoprotein esterase, specifically: 1) Take 100g of raw camel hair, manually sort it to remove coarse hair and impurities, and use an opening machine to pre-open it to obtain pre-treated camel hair; 2) Add 5L of deionized water to the reaction tank, adjust the water temperature to 43℃, add Candida antarcticis lipase B (specific enzyme activity 10000U / g) and Pseudomonas lipoprotein lipase (specific enzyme activity 5000U / g), the amount of enzyme added is so that the final effective enzyme activity concentrations of the two in the 5L system reach 125U / L and 50U / L respectively (that is, the enzyme activity ratio of Candida antarcticis lipase B to Pseudomonas lipoprotein lipase in the system is 2.5:1), then add 0.3wt% of the original camel hair permeation agent JFC, and adjust the pH of the system to 8.0 with phosphate buffer to obtain the enzyme synergistic treatment solution; 3) Immerse the pretreated camel hair in the enzyme co-treatment solution, ensuring complete immersion. Turn on the ultrasonic generator, set the frequency to 40kHz, the power density to 0.5W / cm², and use the pulse mode of "5 seconds on, 2 seconds off". At the same time, turn on the slow stirrer (30rpm) and keep the water temperature at 43±2℃. Perform ultrasonic co-treatment for 60 minutes. 4) After ultrasonic synergistic treatment, the waste liquid is discharged. The fibers are gently rinsed three times with warm water at 45°C until the water is clear and the pH is neutral. After centrifugation and dehydration, the fibers are dried in a 60°C forced-air oven to obtain the degreased and separated camel wool fibers of this embodiment.
[0035] Comparative Example 1 This comparative example uses the traditional alkaline washing method to treat the same batch of raw camel hair. Specifically: The pretreated camel hair was immersed in a 2 g / L sodium carbonate solution and soaked at 60°C for 60 minutes. After soaking, the waste liquid was discharged, and the fibers were gently rinsed three times with warm water at 45°C until the water was clear and the pH was neutral. After centrifugation and dehydration, the fibers were dried in a 60°C forced-air oven to obtain the camel hair fiber of this comparative example.
[0036] Tests showed that the degreasing rate of camel hair after this comparative treatment was 82%, the average fiber length damage rate was 5.7% (the average fiber length retention rate was 94.3%), and the hair felt rough and had a dull luster.
[0037] The relevant properties of camel wool fibers obtained from Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 1 were measured, and the results are shown in Table 1.
[0038] Table 1 As can be seen from Table 1, compared with the traditional alkaline washing method, the degreasing rate of camel hair fibers obtained by the treatment methods in Examples 1-3 of this application is significantly improved. This is because the traditional alkaline washing method removes oil through strong alkaline saponification reaction. However, the camel hair scale layer is dense, and the oil is mainly composed of wax esters and free fatty acids. Strong alkali has difficulty penetrating into the interior of the scales. Moreover, the saponification reaction has limited hydrolysis efficiency for wax ester oils, resulting in incomplete degreasing. At the same time, the strong alkaline environment will destroy the keratin structure of camel hair fibers, causing the fibers to become brittle, break, and produce colored substances. Furthermore, the scale layer will become felted and adhered due to chemical damage, and the fibers will be tightly aggregated.
[0039] This invention employs a bio-enzyme-ultrasound synergistic system. The cavitation effect of ultrasound generates microbubbles, which, upon bursting, create localized high pressure and microjets, disrupting the dense structure of the scale layer and opening channels for enzyme penetration. Simultaneously, ultrasound accelerates the movement of oil molecules and the diffusion of enzymatic reaction products, mitigating product inhibition effects. The combined use of lipase and esterase synergistically covers the main types of camel wool oil, achieving deep degreasing. Furthermore, ultrasound and bio-enzymes synergistically remove oil and impurities from the surface and interior of the scales, reducing pigment adhesion and improving whiteness. Simultaneously, the mechanical effect of ultrasound assists in loosening and opening the scale layer, while bio-enzymes hydrolyze the oil-binding substances between the scales, dispersing the fiber bundles into single fibers or fine fiber bundles, significantly improving looseness and laying the foundation for improved cohesion in subsequent spinning.
[0040] Comparative Example 2 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the compound enzyme was adjusted to be a single Candida antarcticis lipase B (CALB, pure lipase, specific enzyme activity 10000 U / g, final effective enzyme activity concentration of 175 U / L in a 5L system). The remaining steps and processes were the same as in Example 1, resulting in the degreased and separated camel hair fibers of this comparative example.
[0041] Comparative Example 3 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the compound enzyme was adjusted to a single Aspergillus niger carboxylesterase (broad-spectrum esterase, specific enzyme activity 5000 U / g, final effective enzyme activity concentration of 175 U / L in a 5L system), while the remaining steps and processes were the same as in Example 1, to obtain the degreased and separated camel hair fibers of this comparative example.
[0042] Comparative Example 4 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the compound enzyme was adjusted to be a single Pseudomonas lipoprotein esterase (specific esterase, specific enzyme activity 5000 U / g, final effective enzyme activity concentration of 175 U / L in a 5L system), and the remaining steps and processes were the same as in Example 1, to obtain the degreased and separated camel hair fibers of this comparative example.
[0043] The relevant properties of camel wool fibers prepared in Comparative Examples 2-4 were measured and compared with those in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0044] Table 2 As can be seen from Table 2, the degreasing rate of the combined lipase and esterase scheme is much higher than that of the single enzyme system. This is because the oil composition of camel wool is complex, including various types such as triglycerides, wax esters, and lipoproteins. The substrate specificity of the single enzyme limits the degreasing effect. In addition, the looseness of the fibers obtained by the combined enzyme treatment is also significantly higher than that of the single enzyme system. The looseness depends on the degree of opening of the scale layer, and the opening of the scale layer requires the removal of oil cement and physical assistance to loosen it. In the scheme of Example 1, the combined enzyme thoroughly removes various oil cement between the scales, and the cavitation effect and mechanical effect of ultrasound assist the scales to open. The two work together to make the fiber bundles more fully dispersed and the looseness is greatly improved.
[0045] Furthermore, the combination of lipase and esterase in this application requires precise matching of the characteristics of camel hair oil components and the ultrasonic synergistic treatment environment. An enzyme activity ratio of 2~3:1 achieves targeted hydrolysis and coverage without dead zones. The synergy of the two ensures that all types of oils can be hydrolyzed efficiently, while avoiding hydrolysis imbalance caused by excessive use of a single enzyme. When the effective enzyme activity concentration of the system is too high, the lipase cannot be completely hydrolyzed or washed away, and will remain on the fiber surface in the form of a protein film, resulting in changes in the coefficient of friction of the fiber surface. This can easily lead to problems such as yarn breakage and increased hairiness during spinning. When the concentration is too low, the degreasing rate is difficult to meet the standard.
[0046] Comparative Example 5 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the ultrasonic treatment is omitted. Specifically: 1) Take 100g of raw camel hair, manually sort it to remove coarse hair and impurities, and use an opening machine to pre-open it to obtain pre-treated camel hair; 2) Add 5L of deionized water to the reaction tank, adjust the water temperature to 43℃, add Candida antarcticis lipase B (specific enzyme activity 10000U / g) and Aspergillus niger carboxylesterase (specific enzyme activity 5000U / g), the amount of enzyme added is so that the final effective enzyme activity concentrations of the two in the 5L system reach 125U / L and 50U / L respectively (that is, the enzyme activity ratio of Candida antarcticis lipase B to Aspergillus niger carboxylesterase in the system is 2.5:1), then add 0.3wt% of permeabilizing agent JFC compared with the original camel hair amount, adjust the pH of the system to 8.0 with phosphate buffer to obtain the enzyme synergistic treatment solution; 3) The pretreated camel hair was immersed in the enzyme synergistic treatment solution to ensure complete immersion. The slow stirrer (30 rpm) was turned on and the water temperature was kept at 43±2℃. After treatment for 60 minutes, the waste liquid was discharged. The fibers were gently rinsed three times with warm water at 45℃ until the water was clear and the pH was neutral. After centrifugation and dehydration, the fibers were dried in a 60℃ forced-air oven to obtain the camel hair fiber of this comparative example.
[0047] Comparative Example 6 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that only ultrasonic treatment is performed. Specifically: 1) Take 100g of raw camel hair, manually sort it to remove coarse hair and impurities, and use an opening machine to pre-open it to obtain pre-treated camel hair; 2) The pretreated camel hair was immersed in deionized water to ensure complete immersion. The ultrasonic generator was turned on, the frequency was set to 40kHz, the power density was 0.5W / cm², and the pulse mode of "5 seconds on, 2 seconds off" was adopted. At the same time, the slow stirrer (30rpm) was turned on and the water temperature was kept at 43±2℃. After ultrasonic treatment for 60 minutes, the waste liquid was discharged. The fibers were gently rinsed three times with 45℃ warm water until the water was clear and the pH was neutral. After centrifugation and dehydration, the fibers were dried in a 60℃ forced-air oven to obtain the camel hair fiber of this comparative example.
[0048] The relevant properties of camel wool obtained from the treatment of Comparative Examples 5 and 6 were measured and compared with those of Example 1. The results are shown in Table 3.
[0049] Table 3 As can be seen from Table 3, this application solves the two core problems of incomplete degreasing and poor fiber separation in the prior art through the synergistic treatment of biological enzymes and ultrasound, and through the synergistic mechanism of enzymatic hydrolysis + ultrasonic penetration + loosening + diffusion. While maintaining a high fiber length retention rate and whiteness, it achieves a leapfrog improvement in degreasing rate and looseness.
[0050] Camel wool has a dense and smooth scale layer. Enzyme-assisted treatment solution can only slowly penetrate through molecular diffusion. Without the assistance of ultrasound, most enzymes cannot reach the oil sites inside the scales and can only act on a small amount of free oil on the fiber surface. The products of the enzymatic reaction are difficult to detach from the fiber surface quickly and accumulate in the gaps between the scales and on the fiber surface, inhibiting the binding of enzymes and oils. This leads to a gradual decrease in the hydrolysis rate and ultimately fails to achieve deep degreasing. Furthermore, when treated with only biological enzymes, the removal of oil binders is incomplete, and some adhesion still exists between the scales. Without the physical loosening effect of ultrasound, the scales cannot fully open, and the fiber bundles remain in a relatively aggregated state, resulting in low looseness.
[0051] Ultrasonic waves can only remove some loosely bound free oils on the fiber surface through physical vibration. They cannot decompose oils that are tightly bound to the fiber (such as wax esters and lipoproteins), nor can they destroy the oil cement inside the scales. Single ultrasonic treatment lacks the ability to chemically decompose oils and can only achieve physical peeling. Therefore, the degreasing rate is much lower than that of enzyme treatment and synergistic treatment schemes.
[0052] Furthermore, this application optimizes the ultrasonic conditions. The cavitation effect generated at an ultrasonic frequency of 25~60kHz and a power density of 0.3~1.0W / cm² provides channel support for the complex enzymes, forming microchannels in the scale layer. This allows lipases and esterases to quickly reach the oil sites inside the scales and the fiber core. The comprehensive hydrolysis of the complex enzymes converts the oils into easily diffusible fatty acids and glycerol, preventing oil accumulation in the channels and ensuring the continued effectiveness of the physical loosening effect of ultrasound.
[0053] Camel wool, as a precious animal protein fiber, has a keratin structure that is sensitive to physical impact. When the ultrasonic power / frequency is too high, the cavitation effect is excessively enhanced, which can easily cause serious fiber damage. Furthermore, the local high temperature and violent pressure fluctuations caused by excessive cavitation may lead to irreversible changes in the spatial conformation of lipase and esterase, resulting in a significant decrease in enzyme activity. Even with the optimal enzyme concentration and ratio, efficient hydrolysis cannot be achieved. When the ultrasonic power / frequency is too low, the amount of bubbles generated by the cavitation effect is small and their size is too small. When they break, the micro-jet and local high pressure generated are insufficient to destroy the dense structure of the scale layer. The gaps between the scales cannot be effectively opened, and the enzyme solution can only slowly penetrate to the surface of the scales through molecular diffusion. It cannot reach the oil sites inside the scales and the fiber core, resulting in a significant decrease in the overall degreasing rate. Even if the treatment time is extended, the degreasing rate is still low.
[0054] In summary, this application addresses the unique properties of camel hair, such as its dense scales and complex oil content. Through an innovative design combining a compound enzyme adapted to the oil type, ultrasound adapted to the scale structure, and synergistic parameter optimization, it achieves deep degreasing and low-damage fiber separation of camel hair. This solves the technical challenge of existing technologies simultaneously achieving degreasing efficiency, fiber protection, and improved spinnability. The cavitation effect of ultrasound promotes enzyme penetration and assists in the physical separation of dense scales, while the biological enzyme efficiently and specifically hydrolyzes the oils. The synergistic effect of both achieves deep degreasing while gently opening the scale structure, significantly improving fiber separation degree and cohesion. The method of this invention achieves a high degreasing rate (>85%) and maximizes the protection of fiber length, strength, and natural luster, overcoming the technical bottleneck of poor spinnability in camel hair. The process is also green and environmentally friendly.
[0055] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for degreasing and separating camel hair fibers based on the synergistic effect of bio-enzymes and ultrasound, characterized in that: include, The pretreated raw camel wool fibers were soaked in an enzyme synergistic treatment solution and subjected to ultrasonic synergistic treatment under the conditions of ultrasonic frequency of 25~60kHz and power density of 0.3~1.0W / cm². After the treatment, the fibers were washed, dehydrated and dried in sequence to obtain degreased and separated camel wool fibers. The enzyme synergistic treatment solution is an aqueous solution containing biological enzymes, a permeabilizer, and a pH buffer, and the effective total enzyme activity concentration of the biological enzymes in the enzyme synergistic treatment solution is 140~200 U / L.
2. The method for degreasing and separating camel hair fibers based on bio-enzyme-ultrasound synergy as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The pretreatment of the raw camel wool fibers includes sorting to remove coarse hair and impurities, and preliminary opening.
3. The method for degreasing and separating camel hair fibers based on bio-enzyme-ultrasound synergy as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The bioenzyme is a complex enzyme of lipase and esterase; The lipase includes one or more of the following: Candida albicans-derived lipase, Rhizopus-derived lipase, Bacillus-derived lipase, Mucor-derived lipase, and commercially available textile-specific lipase. The esterase includes one or more of the following: carboxylesterase, lipoprotein esterase, and commercially available esterase compound preparations.
4. The method for degreasing and separating camel hair fibers based on bio-enzyme-ultrasound synergy as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The effective enzyme activity concentration of lipase in the enzyme synergistic treatment solution is 100~150U / L, and the effective enzyme activity concentration of esterase in the enzyme synergistic treatment solution is 40~50U / L, with an effective enzyme activity ratio of 2~3:
1.
5. The method for degreasing and separating camel hair fibers based on bio-enzyme-ultrasound synergy as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The amount of penetrant in the enzyme-co-processing solution is 0.1~0.5wt% compared to the original camel wool fiber, and the penetrant is a nonionic surfactant.
6. The method for degreasing and separating camel hair fibers based on bio-enzyme-ultrasound synergy as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The amount of pH buffer in the enzyme co-treatment solution is such that the pH of the enzyme co-treatment solution is 7.0~9.
0.
7. The method for degreasing and separating camel hair fibers based on bio-enzyme-ultrasound synergy as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The ultrasonic synergistic treatment is performed at a temperature of 40-50°C for 30-90 minutes.
8. The method for degreasing and separating camel hair fibers based on bio-enzyme-ultrasound synergy as described in claim 7, characterized in that: During the ultrasonic synergistic treatment, mechanical stirring is performed at a stirring speed of 23-35 rpm.
9. The method for degreasing and separating camel hair fibers based on bio-enzyme-ultrasound synergy as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The washing process involves rinsing in warm water at 40-45°C until the water is clear and the pH is neutral, and the drying process involves drying at 55-65°C.
10. The method for degreasing and separating camel hair fibers as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The degreasing rate of the method is >85%, and the fiber length retention rate is >97%.