High fill deep anti-silt self-cleaning drainage system and method based on pneumatic breathing effect

Abstract

The present application relates to geotechnical engineering and underground drainage technical field, disclose a kind of high fill deep anti silt self-cleaning drainage system and method based on pneumatic breathing effect.The system includes drainage pipeline, elastic breathing cover, water-permeable geotextile, gas supply unit, monitoring unit and control unit.Drainage pipeline wall is provided with micropore, elastic breathing cover is sleeved in the outer periphery of pipeline and forms gas passage, and water-permeable geotextile is wrapped in the outermost layer.Monitoring unit real-time monitoring in-pipe flow and / or pipe outside pore water pressure, when monitoring parameter exceeds threshold value, control unit starts gas supply unit and intermittently injects high-pressure gas into gas passage, so that elastic breathing cover generates periodic radial expansion and contraction, and destroys the mud cake structure attached to the surface of geotextile;While high-pressure gas enters the inside of pipeline through pipe wall micropore, and mixed with water to produce gas lift effect, carry out and discharge the deposited sludge in pipe.The present application realizes synchronous cleaning of pipe outside mud cake and pipe inside sludge, without excavation maintenance, intelligent and efficient.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of geotechnical engineering and underground drainage technology, and in particular to a self-cleaning drainage system and method for deep embankments with high fill volume and siltation prevention based on the aerodynamic breathing effect. Background Technology

[0002] In high embankment projects, especially in the construction of high embankment airports and deep-buried roadbeds, it is often necessary to install deep-buried drainage blind ditches at the bottom of the embankment to lower the groundwater level. These drainage systems effectively remove seepage water and ensure the stability of the embankment by using underground drainage pipes and permeable geotextile wrapped around the pipes.

[0003] However, during long-term use, due to the filtering effect of geotextiles, fine particles (such as clay and silt) carried by groundwater gradually adhere to the surface of the geotextile under seepage, forming a dense "mud cake" structure. The formation of this mud cake clogs the permeable pores of the geotextile, significantly reducing its drainage capacity, and in severe cases, even causing complete failure. The existing technology has the following main problems: (1) Clogging failure problem: Under long-term seepage, fine particles (clay particles, silt particles) will be adsorbed on the surface of the geotextile covering the blind drain to form a dense "mud cake", which will seal the permeable pores and cause the drainage system to fail.

[0004] (2) Unrepairable problem: Once the high embankment construction is completed, the blind drain is located deep underground and cannot be excavated, replaced or manually cleaned, which is a typical problem of "hidden engineering".

[0005] (3) Limitations of traditional backwashing technology: Existing high-pressure water backwashing technology can only solve the problem of siltation inside the pipe, and it is difficult to penetrate the geotextile to solve the mud cake on the outer surface of the pipe. Moreover, direct flushing with high-pressure water can easily damage the soil structure and cause new engineering problems.

[0006] (4) Lack of early warning mechanism: Traditional drainage systems lack real-time monitoring and early warning of the siltation process. They are often only discovered after the drainage capacity has been severely reduced or even completely failed, at which point the project has already been damaged.

[0007] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a deep drainage system that is self-cleaning, prevents clogging, and has intelligent early warning capabilities. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a deep drainage system and method for high embankments that can monitor the siltation status in real time, automatically clean the mud cake on the surface of the geotextile, and remove the silt deposited in the pipe, thereby solving the industry problem that deep buried drainage blind ditches cannot be cleaned manually and that traditional backwashing technology is ineffective.

[0009] The present invention adopts the following technical solution: On one hand, the present invention provides a self-cleaning drainage system for deep embankments with high fill volume, based on the aerodynamic breathing effect, comprising: The drainage pipe is buried deep in the high embankment and is used to collect and discharge groundwater. The upper half of the pipe wall is provided with multiple micro-holes that penetrate the pipe wall. An elastic breathing sleeve is fitted around the outer periphery of the drainage pipe. The elastic breathing sleeve includes an elastic sleeve body and an air channel disposed between the elastic sleeve body and the outer wall of the drainage pipe. The elastic sleeve body is provided with a plurality of water-permeable micropores penetrating the sleeve body. Permeable geotextile is wrapped around the outer periphery of the elastic breathing sleeve to filter soil particles; The gas supply unit is installed on the ground and connected to the gas channel via a gas supply pipeline; The monitoring unit is used to monitor the flow rate inside the drainage pipe and / or the pore water pressure outside the drainage pipe in real time. The control unit is used to control the air supply unit to inject high-pressure gas into the elastic breathing sleeve according to the monitoring parameters of the monitoring unit, so as to destroy the mud cake structure on the surface of the permeable geotextile through the expansion of the elastic breathing sleeve.

[0010] In addition to any of the possible implementations described above, a further implementation is provided in which the control unit is further configured to: when the monitored parameters exceed a preset threshold, control the air supply unit to intermittently inject high-pressure gas into the gas channel, causing the elastic breathing sleeve to undergo periodic radial expansion and contraction, thereby destroying the mud cake structure attached to the surface of the permeable geotextile through expansion deformation; simultaneously, the high-pressure gas enters the interior of the drainage pipe through micropores on the wall of the drainage pipe, mixes with the water to generate an air lift effect, and carries away the silt deposited in the pipe.

[0011] In addition to any of the possible implementations described above, another implementation is provided in which the drainage pipe is a PVC pipe.

[0012] In addition to any of the possible implementations described above, another implementation is provided in which the elastic sleeve is a high-elastic rubber sleeve; and the gas channel is a PU micro-airbag channel, which is wound around the outer wall of the drainage pipe and between the high-elastic rubber sleeve.

[0013] In addition to any of the possible implementations described above, another implementation is provided in which multiple one-way exhaust valves are arranged at certain intervals on the gas channel to instantaneously discharge gas to the external soil when the gas pressure exceeds a set threshold, simulating the "exhalation" process in the breathing effect.

[0014] In addition to any of the possible implementations described above, another implementation is provided in which the distance between two adjacent one-way exhaust valves is 2m-4m, for example, 3m.

[0015] In addition to any of the possible implementations described above, another implementation is provided in which the one-way exhaust valve is a duckbill-type one-way valve with an opening pressure of 0.3-0.6 MPa.

[0016] In addition to any of the possible implementations described above, another implementation is provided in which the gas supply unit includes an air compressor and a gas storage tank, configured to output pulsed high-pressure gas with a pressure range of 0.5-0.8 MPa and a pulse frequency of 0.5-1 Hz.

[0017] In addition to any of the possible implementations described above, another implementation is provided in which the monitoring unit includes a flow meter disposed inside the drainage pipe and / or a pore water pressure gauge disposed outside the drainage pipe.

[0018] In addition to any of the possible implementations described above, another implementation is provided in which the control unit is configured to: trigger a cleaning program when the flow rate drops below a set threshold or the pore water pressure rises above a set threshold, and then automatically stop the air supply unit after operating for 5-10 minutes.

[0019] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a self-cleaning drainage method for deep embankment with high fill volume, based on the aerodynamic breathing effect, wherein the method is implemented through the aforementioned drainage system, and the method includes: S1: During the normal drainage stage, groundwater enters the drainage pipe through the permeable micropores of the permeable geotextile and the elastic breathing sleeve, as well as the micropores on the wall of the drainage pipe, and is discharged after collection. S2: Monitoring and early warning stage, the flow rate in the drainage pipe and / or the pore water pressure outside the drainage pipe are monitored in real time through the monitoring unit. When the monitoring parameters exceed the set threshold, it is determined that a blockage has occurred. S3: During the pneumatic cleaning and sludge removal stage, the control unit activates the air supply unit to intermittently inject high-pressure gas into the gas channel, causing the elastic breathing sleeve to undergo periodic radial expansion and contraction. Through expansion and deformation, the mud cake structure attached to the surface of the permeable geotextile is destroyed, causing it to peel off from the geotextile surface and fall into the surrounding soil. At the same time, the high-pressure gas enters the interior of the drainage pipe through the micropores on the pipe wall, mixes with the water, and generates an air lift effect, carrying away the sludge deposited in the pipe. S4: Resumption of drainage phase. After cleaning is completed, the gas supply unit is shut off, and the system returns to normal drainage status.

[0020] In addition to any of the possible implementations described above, another implementation is provided in which the parameters of the intermittent injection of high-pressure gas in step S3 are: gas pressure 0.5-0.8MPa, pulse frequency 0.5-1Hz, and duration 5-10 minutes; a one-way exhaust valve is provided at the end of the gas channel, with an opening pressure of 0.3-0.6MPa.

[0021] Technical principle: This invention mimics the "breathing" mechanism of biological lungs, achieving a self-cleaning function through the following principles: (1) Biomimetic breathing effect: By intermittently injecting high-pressure gas into the gas channel, the elastic breathing sleeve produces periodic radial expansion and contraction, similar to the expansion and contraction of the thoracic cavity during biological respiration. This periodic mechanical deformation acts on the mud cake attached to the surface of the geotextile. Since the mud cake is a brittle structure, it cannot deform accordingly with the deformation of the elastic breathing sleeve, thus producing cracks and gradually peeling off.

[0022] (2) Two-way gas action: High-pressure gas plays two roles in the system at the same time: first, it breaks up the mud cake outside the pipe through the expansion and contraction of the elastic breathing sleeve; second, it enters the inside of the pipe through the micropores on the wall of the drainage pipe, mixes with the water to form an air lift effect, and carries the deposited sludge out of the pipe. The two work simultaneously and in a highly efficient and coordinated manner.

[0023] (3) Instantaneous exhaust disturbance: When the gas pressure exceeds the threshold of the one-way exhaust valve, the gas is instantly discharged to the external soil, which not only completes the "exhalation" process, but also disturbs the surrounding soil, preventing the peeled mud cake debris from re-attaching to the surface of the geotextile.

[0024] (4) Intelligent monitoring and early warning: The system status is monitored in real time through flow meter and pore water pressure gauge. A decrease in flow rate indicates a weakening of drainage capacity, while an increase in pore water pressure indicates that mud cake has formed outside the pipe and is causing obstruction. The combination of the two can accurately determine the occurrence of blockage and realize early warning and automatic triggering of cleaning.

[0025] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: (1) Solving the industry problem of deep blind drains being unable to be repaired: This invention achieves self-cleaning function through biomimetic breathing effect, eliminating the need for excavation, replacement or manual cleaning, thus completely solving the pain point of "failure as soon as it is built" in deep buried drainage blind drains and greatly reducing the later maintenance cost.

[0026] (2) Dual cleaning effect: This invention achieves cleaning on two levels simultaneously: First, the removal of mud cake outside the pipe: through the periodic expansion and contraction of the elastic breathing sleeve, the mud cake on the surface of the geotextile is brittlely broken and peeled off, restoring water permeability; Second, the discharge of silt inside the pipe: through the air lift effect formed by the entry of gas into the pipe, the silt deposited inside the pipe is carried out and discharged, keeping the pipe unobstructed. The two work together to achieve all-round cleaning from the outside to the inside.

[0027] (3) No damage to soil structure: Compared with traditional high-pressure water backwashing, the present invention uses gas as the working medium and transmits force through the flexible expansion of the elastic breathing sleeve to avoid structural damage caused by direct impact of high-pressure water on the soil and protect the stability of the fill.

[0028] (4) Intelligent early warning and automatic control: The system status is monitored in real time by a flow meter and a pore water pressure gauge, which can trigger an automatic cleaning program in the early stage of sludge blockage, avoiding the passive situation of dealing with it after complete blockage. The system will automatically stop after cleaning, realizing unattended intelligent operation.

[0029] (5) High efficiency and energy saving: Pulse air supply with a frequency of 0.5-1Hz and a duration of 5-10 minutes can complete the cleaning, resulting in low energy consumption and high efficiency. Compared with traditional continuous air supply, pulse mode is more conducive to fatigue damage of mud cake.

[0030] (6) Wide range of applications: It can be widely used in various engineering scenarios that require deep drainage, such as high embankment airports, deep buried roadbeds, tailings ponds, and landfills. It has good versatility and promotion value.

[0031] (7) Simple and reliable structure: All components are mature industrial products, without complex precision parts, with high reliability, easy maintenance, and suitable for long-term underground service environment. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the blind drain pipe body of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the overall layout of the system of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 3 This is an enlarged view of the duckbill-type one-way exhaust valve structure of the present invention.

[0035] In the diagram: 1-Geotextile; 2-High-elastic rubber sleeve; 3-PVC drainage pipe; 4-PU micro-airbag channel; 5-PVC drainage pipe micropores; 6-High-elastic rubber sleeve micropores; 7-Duckbill type one-way valve; 8-Monitoring system; 9-Air pumping system; 10-Blind drain pipe; 11-Pressure gauge; 12-Flow meter; 13-Water collection well. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these descriptions are merely exemplary and not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Furthermore, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted in the following description to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the concept of the invention.

[0037] The accompanying drawings illustrate a layer structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. These drawings are not to scale, and some details have been enlarged for clarity, and some details may have been omitted. The shapes of the various regions and layers shown in the drawings, as well as their relative sizes and positional relationships, are merely exemplary and may deviate from reality due to manufacturing tolerances or technical limitations. Furthermore, those skilled in the art can design regions / layers with different shapes, sizes, and relative positions as needed.

[0038] Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0040] Furthermore, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0041] Example 1: System Structure Example like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment provides a self-cleaning drainage system for deep embankments with high fill volume, based on the aerodynamic breathing effect, comprising the following components: (1) Drainage pipes The drainage pipe is a PVC drainage pipe 3, using PVC-U pipe material with a nominal diameter of 200mm and a wall thickness of 5.8mm. The total length of the pipe is determined according to project requirements; in this embodiment, it is 50m. The upper half of the pipe wall has evenly distributed PVC drainage pipe micropores 5 penetrating the pipe wall (the lower half cannot have micropores 5, otherwise water cannot be retained in the drainage pipe 3). The micropores are 5mm in diameter, arranged in a quincunx pattern, with a spacing of 50mm, and are used to introduce external groundwater into the pipe.

[0042] (2) Elastic breathing sleeve The elastic breathing sleeve includes an elastic sleeve body and a gas channel disposed between the elastic sleeve body and the outer wall of the drainage pipe.

[0043] Elastic sleeve: A high-elastic rubber sleeve 2, made of a blend of natural rubber and EPDM rubber, with a Shore A hardness of 40A, tensile strength ≥15MPa, and elongation at break ≥500%. The high-elastic rubber sleeve 2 is fitted around the PVC drainage pipe 3, with a thickness of 3mm. Multiple micro-holes 6, each 2mm in diameter, penetrate the sleeve and are staggered with the micro-holes 5 in the PVC drainage pipe to ensure normal drainage while preventing soil particles from directly entering the pipe.

[0044] Gas passage: Between the high-elastic rubber sleeve 2 and the outer wall of the PVC drainage pipe 3, a PU micro-airbag channel 4 is provided, extending axially along the pipe (e.g., wrapped around the pipe between the outer wall of the drainage pipe and the high-elastic rubber sleeve). The PU micro-airbag channel 4 is made of polyurethane material, with a semi-circular cross-section, a width of 15mm, and a height of 8mm. Four channels are evenly arranged along the circumference of the pipe, each extending along the full length of the pipe. The PU micro-airbag channel 4 is tightly fitted to the inner wall of the high-elastic rubber sleeve 2 and the outer wall of the PVC drainage pipe 3, forming a sealed gas flow channel.

[0045] Figure 1 In the diagram, the dashed line represents a high-elasticity rubber sleeve, the solid line (hollow) represents a micropore in a drainage pipe, the dashed line represents a micropore in a high-elasticity rubber sleeve, and the solid hole represents a one-way valve.

[0046] (3) Permeable geotextile The permeable geotextile 1 is wrapped around the outermost layer of the high-elastic rubber sleeve 2. It is made of long-filament needle-punched nonwoven geotextile with a unit area mass of 400g / m², a thickness of 2.5mm, an equivalent pore size O95≤0.1mm, and a vertical permeability coefficient ≥0.05cm / s. The geotextile 1 is used to filter soil particles and prevent fine particles from entering the drainage system.

[0047] (4) Gas supply unit The air supply unit is located on the ground and includes an air compressor and an air tank. Figure 2 The air compressor has a rated discharge pressure of 1.0 MPa and a discharge volume of 1.5 m³ / min; the air storage tank has a volume of 2 m³ and a working pressure of 1.0 MPa. The air supply unit is connected to the underground PU micro-airbag channel 4 via an air supply pipeline (buried).

[0048] (5) Monitoring unit The monitoring unit includes a flow meter 12 installed inside the drainage pipe and a pore water pressure gauge 11 installed outside the drainage pipe. Figure 2 Medium pressure gauge 11). Flow meter 12 is an electromagnetic flow meter, installed at the outlet end of the drainage pipe, with a range of 0-50 m³ / h and an accuracy of 0.5 grade. Pore water pressure gauge 11 is installed every 10m along the length of the pipe, buried in the soil outside the high-elastic rubber sleeve 2, and is used to monitor changes in pore water pressure outside the pipe.

[0049] (6) Control unit Control unit ( Figure 2 The monitoring system 8) uses a PLC controller, which is connected to the flow meter 12, the pore water pressure gauge 11, and the air supply unit. The PLC controller has a built-in data acquisition module and logic control program, configured to: trigger the cleaning program when the flow rate drops below a set threshold (e.g., 30% of the normal flow rate) or the pore water pressure rises above a set threshold (e.g., 1.5 times the initial value), and control the air supply unit to work for 5-10 minutes before automatically stopping.

[0050] (7) One-way exhaust valve like Figure 3 As shown, multiple duckbill-shaped one-way valves 7 are spaced apart on the PU micro-airbag channel 4. The spacing is adjusted according to actual needs, for example, one every 3m. They are made of silicone rubber and have an opening pressure of 0.4 MPa. When the pressure in the gas channel exceeds 0.4 MPa, the duckbill valves automatically open, and gas instantly fills the space between the drainage pipe 3 and the high-elastic rubber sleeve 2. Part of the gas is discharged to the external soil through the micropores on the high-elastic rubber sleeve 2, simulating the "exhalation" process in the breathing effect; the other part of the gas enters the drainage pipe 3 through the micropores 5 at the top of the drainage pipe 3, mixes with water, and produces an air lift effect.

[0051] Normal drainage status: This embodiment describes the system's operation process under normal working conditions.

[0052] like Figure 1 As shown, under normal operating conditions, the pneumatic cleaning system is in a silent state. Groundwater is filtered through the outer layer of permeable geotextile 1, with large soil particles blocked outside the geotextile, while fine particles pass through with the water flow. The water flows sequentially through the micropores 6 of the high-elastic rubber sleeve and the micropores 5 of the PVC drainage pipe into the interior of the PVC drainage pipe 3, flows along the pipe, and is discharged downstream to the collection well 13 through the pipe outlet.

[0053] At this time, there is no gas pressure inside the PU micro-airbag channel 4, and the high-elastic rubber sleeve 2 is in a naturally contracted state, tightly fitting with the geotextile 1. The water flows naturally by gravity, and the drainage capacity meets the design requirements.

[0054] In this embodiment, under normal drainage conditions, the flow rate monitored by the flow meter 12 is stable in the range of 15-20 m³ / h, and the pressure value monitored by the pore water pressure gauge 11 is approximately 0.02-0.05 MPa (depending on the groundwater level).

[0055] Congestion warning: This embodiment describes the system's monitoring and early warning process when blockage occurs.

[0056] As the system operates for an extended period (approximately 6 months in this embodiment), mud cakes gradually form on the surface of geotextile 1. The formation of these mud cakes clogs the permeable pores of the geotextile, resulting in changes in the following monitoring parameters: (1) Flow rate decrease: The flow rate monitored by flow meter 12 gradually decreased from the normal 15-20 m³ / h to below 10 m³ / h, with a decrease of more than 30%.

[0057] (2) Increase in pore water pressure: Because the mud cake hinders the infiltration of water, the pore water in the soil outside the pipe cannot be discharged into the pipe in time, causing the pressure value monitored by the pore water pressure gauge 11 to rise from the normal 0.02-0.05 MPa to 0.08-0.10 MPa, which is more than 1.5 times the initial value.

[0058] The PLC controller collects the aforementioned monitoring data in real time. When three consecutive samples (with a 1-hour sampling interval) exceed the preset threshold, a blockage is detected, and the cleaning program is automatically triggered. Simultaneously, the control unit can send early warning information to the remote monitoring platform.

[0059] It should be noted that the threshold setting is related to weather conditions. For example, if the flow does not increase as expected after rain, it is still considered a blockage. The specific threshold should be determined based on statistics or experience.

[0060] Example 2: Pneumatic cleaning and sludge removal This embodiment describes the pneumatic cleaning and sludge removal process after the system triggers the cleaning program.

[0061] When the monitored parameters exceed the preset threshold, the control unit starts the gas supply unit and executes the following steps: (1) Pulse air supply: The air compressor starts and fills the air tank to the set pressure of 0.8 MPa. The control unit controls the pulse solenoid valve to open and intermittently inject high-pressure gas into the PU micro-airbag channel 4. The injection parameters are: air pressure 0.6 MPa, pulse frequency 0.8 Hz (i.e., about 48 times per minute), and each pulse lasts for 0.5 seconds.

[0062] (2) Elastic breathing sleeve expansion (inhalation): After the high-pressure gas enters the PU micro-airbag channel 4, it expands rapidly, pushing the outer high-elastic rubber sleeve 2 to expand radially. In this embodiment, the maximum expansion of the high-elastic rubber sleeve 2 is about 8% of the outer diameter of the pipe (i.e., from φ220mm to φ237.6mm).

[0063] Expansion force acts on the mud cake attached to the geotextile 1. Because the mud cake is a brittle structure, it cannot deform in accordance with the deformation of the high-elasticity rubber sleeve 2, causing cracks to form in the mud cake and gradually breaking off. The detached mud cake fragments fall into the surrounding soil.

[0064] (3) Instantaneous venting (exhalation): When the pressure in the gas channel exceeds the opening pressure of the duckbill-type one-way valve 7 (0.4 MPa), the valve opens automatically, and a portion of the gas is instantly vented to the external soil. The vented gas disturbs the surrounding soil, preventing the detached mud cake debris from re-adhering to the geotextile surface. At the same time, the high-elastic rubber sleeve 2 contracts rapidly during venting, further promoting mud cake detachment.

[0065] (4) Gas enters the drainage pipe: During the pulse gas supply process, some high-pressure gas enters the interior of the PVC drainage pipe 3 through the micropores 5 of the PVC drainage pipe. After entering the pipe, the gas mixes with water to form a gas-water mixture. Due to the low density of the gas, an air lift effect is generated, which accelerates the water flow and sucks up the fine silt deposited at the bottom of the pipe, which is discharged downstream to the collection well 13 along with the water flow.

[0066] (5) Periodic repetition: The above expansion-contraction process is repeated at a frequency of 0.8 Hz, and in this embodiment, the duration is 8 minutes. The repeated pneumatic "breathing" effect causes the mud cake to be subjected to periodic fatigue damage, resulting in a more thorough peeling effect; at the same time, the continuous airlift effect continuously discharges the sludge from the pipe.

[0067] Cleaning effect verification: This embodiment verifies the cleaning effect of the present invention through comparative experiments.

[0068] Two sections of drainage blind ditches with identical conditions were selected in a high embankment project for comparative testing: The test results show that the system of the present invention can effectively restore drainage capacity, the flow rate after cleaning is restored to 96% of the initial value, the pore water pressure is restored to normal, and the mud cake is effectively removed.

[0069] Parameter optimization for different operating conditions: This embodiment optimizes cleaning parameters through multiple sets of experiments to determine the optimal range of working parameters.

[0070] Adaptability to different geological conditions: This project applies the system of this invention to three high-fill projects with different geological conditions to verify its adaptability: (1) High embankment airport (mainly clay) Location: Airport in a mountainous area; Fill height: 45m; Groundwater level: 8-12m deep; Operation status: 12 months, automatic cleaning triggered 3 times, drainage capacity restored to over 95% after each cleaning; Main components of mud cake: clay particles, geotextile surface clean after cleaning; (2) Deeply buried roadbed (mainly silty soil) Location: A highway; Fill height: 22m; Groundwater level: 3-6m deep; Operation status: 18 months, automatic cleaning triggered 4 times, drainage capacity remains good; Main component of mud cake: silt, with obvious peeling effect during cleaning.

[0071] (3) Tailings pond (fine-grained tailings) Location: A metal mine; Fill height: 35m; Groundwater level: 5-10m (tailings water); Operation status: 8 months, automatic cleaning triggered twice, effectively preventing fine tailings blockage; Main components of mud cake: fine tailings particles, drainage capacity restored after cleaning.

[0072] The test results show that the system of the present invention has good anti-clogging and self-cleaning effects on various fine-particle soils such as clay, silt, and tailings fine particles, and has a wide range of applications.

[0073] Industrial applicability: This invention provides a self-cleaning drainage system and method for preventing siltation and blockage in deep embankments based on pneumatic breathing effect, which has the following industrial applicability: (1) Mass production is possible: All components are mature industrial products. PVC pipes, rubber sleeves, geotextiles, air compressors, valves, etc. can all be purchased and produced industrially. The manufacturing process is simple and the cost is controllable.

[0074] (2) Convenient construction: The system can add gas channels and monitoring elements on the basis of conventional drainage blind ditch construction, without the need for special construction technology, and is compatible with the existing construction process.

[0075] (3) Wide range of applications: It can be applied to various scenarios that require deep drainage, such as high embankment airports, deep buried roadbeds, tailings ponds, landfills, and water conservancy projects.

[0076] (4) High level of intelligence: By combining monitoring and control units, it can achieve unattended automatic operation and reduce manual maintenance costs.

[0077] (5) Significant economic benefits: It solves the industry pain point of "failure as soon as it is built" in deep buried drainage systems, greatly reduces the later maintenance costs, extends the life of the project, and has significant economic and social benefits.

[0078] The above description of the embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core idea of ​​this application; at the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation and application scope based on the idea of ​​this application. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0079] Certain terms are used in the specification and claims to refer to specific components. Those skilled in the art will understand that hardware manufacturers may use different names to refer to the same component. This specification and claims do not distinguish components based on differences in name, but rather on differences in function. The terms "comprising" and "including" used throughout the specification and claims are open-ended and should be interpreted as "comprising / including but not limited to". "Approximately" means that within an acceptable margin of error, those skilled in the art can solve the technical problem and substantially achieve the technical effect within a certain margin of error. The following descriptions in the specification are preferred embodiments for carrying out this application; however, these descriptions are for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. The scope of protection of this application shall be determined by the appended claims.

[0080] It should also be noted that the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a product or system comprising a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a product or system. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the product or system that includes said element.

[0081] It should be understood that the term "and / or" used in this article is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this article generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0082] The foregoing description illustrates and describes several preferred embodiments of this application. However, as previously stated, it should be understood that this application is not limited to the forms disclosed herein and should not be construed as excluding other embodiments. It can be used in various other combinations, modifications, and environments, and can be altered within the scope of the application concept described herein through the foregoing teachings or techniques or knowledge in related fields. Any modifications and variations made by those skilled in the art that do not depart from the spirit and scope of this application should be within the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A self-cleaning drainage system for deep embankments with high fill volume, based on the aerodynamic breathing effect, characterized in that: include: The drainage pipe is buried deep in the high embankment and is used to collect and discharge groundwater. The upper half of the pipe wall is provided with multiple micro-holes that penetrate the pipe wall. An elastic breathing sleeve is fitted around the outer periphery of the drainage pipe. The elastic breathing sleeve includes an elastic sleeve body and an air channel disposed between the elastic sleeve body and the outer wall of the drainage pipe. The elastic sleeve body is provided with a plurality of water-permeable micropores penetrating the sleeve body. Permeable geotextile is wrapped around the outer periphery of the elastic breathing sleeve to filter soil particles; The gas supply unit is installed on the ground and connected to the gas channel via a gas supply pipeline; The monitoring unit is used to monitor the flow rate inside the drainage pipe and / or the pore water pressure outside the drainage pipe in real time. The control unit is used to control the air supply unit to inject high-pressure gas into the elastic breathing sleeve according to the monitoring parameters of the monitoring unit, so as to destroy the mud cake structure on the surface of the permeable geotextile through the expansion of the elastic breathing sleeve.

2. The high-fill deep anti-siltation and self-cleaning drainage system based on pneumatic breathing effect as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The control unit is further configured to: when the monitored parameters exceed a preset threshold, control the air supply unit to intermittently inject high-pressure gas into the gas channel, causing the elastic breathing sleeve to undergo periodic radial expansion and contraction, thereby destroying the mud cake structure attached to the surface of the permeable geotextile through expansion and deformation; at the same time, the high-pressure gas enters the interior of the drainage pipe through the micropores on the wall of the drainage pipe, mixes with the water to generate an air lift effect, and carries away the silt deposited in the pipe.

3. The high-fill deep anti-siltation and self-cleaning drainage system based on pneumatic breathing effect as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The drainage pipe is a PVC pipe, and the elastic sleeve is a high-elastic rubber sleeve; the gas channel is a PU micro-airbag channel, which is wound around the outer wall of the drainage pipe and between the high-elastic rubber sleeve.

4. The high-fill deep anti-siltation and self-cleaning drainage system based on pneumatic breathing effect as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Multiple one-way exhaust valves are installed at certain intervals on the gas channel to instantly discharge gas to the external soil when the gas pressure exceeds a set threshold.

5. The high-fill deep anti-siltation and self-cleaning drainage system based on pneumatic breathing effect as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The one-way exhaust valve is a duckbill-type one-way valve with an opening pressure of 0.3-0.6 MPa.

6. The high-fill deep anti-siltation and self-cleaning drainage system based on pneumatic breathing effect as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The gas supply unit includes an air compressor and a gas storage tank, and is configured to output pulsed high-pressure gas with a pressure range of 0.5-0.8 MPa and a pulse frequency of 0.5-1 Hz.

7. The high-fill deep anti-siltation and self-cleaning drainage system based on pneumatic breathing effect as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The monitoring unit includes a flow meter installed inside the drainage pipe and / or a pore water pressure gauge installed outside the drainage pipe.

8. The high-fill deep anti-siltation and self-cleaning drainage system based on pneumatic breathing effect as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The control unit is configured to trigger a cleaning program and automatically stop the air supply unit after 5-10 minutes of operation when the flow rate drops below a set threshold or the pore water pressure rises above a set threshold.

9. A self-cleaning drainage method for deep embankments with high fill depth, based on the aerodynamic breathing effect, characterized in that: The method is implemented using a drainage system as described in any one of claims 1-8, the method comprising: S1: During the normal drainage stage, groundwater enters the drainage pipe through the permeable micropores of the permeable geotextile and the elastic breathing sleeve, as well as the micropores on the wall of the drainage pipe, and is discharged after collection. S2: Monitoring and early warning stage, the flow rate in the drainage pipe and / or the pore water pressure outside the drainage pipe are monitored in real time through the monitoring unit. When the monitoring parameters exceed the set threshold, it is determined that a blockage has occurred. S3: During the pneumatic cleaning and sludge removal stage, the control unit activates the air supply unit to intermittently inject high-pressure gas into the gas channel, causing the elastic breathing sleeve to undergo periodic radial expansion and contraction. Through expansion and deformation, the mud cake structure attached to the surface of the permeable geotextile is destroyed, causing it to peel off from the geotextile surface and fall into the surrounding soil. At the same time, the high-pressure gas enters the interior of the drainage pipe through the micropores on the pipe wall, mixes with the water, and generates an air lift effect, carrying away the sludge deposited in the pipe. S4: Resumption of drainage phase. After cleaning is completed, the gas supply unit is shut off, and the system returns to normal drainage status.

10. The self-cleaning drainage method for deep embankment anti-siltation and clogging based on pneumatic breathing effect as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The parameters for the intermittent injection of high-pressure gas in step S3 are: gas pressure 0.5-0.8 MPa, pulse frequency 0.5-1Hz, and duration 5-10 minutes; a one-way exhaust valve is provided at the end of the gas channel, with an opening pressure of 0.3-0.6 MPa.

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