Sliding support of prefabricated stair and construction method

Abstract

The application discloses a sliding support of a prefabricated stair and a construction method, relates to the technical field of fabricated building construction, and through the setting of a guide mechanism, a sliding mechanism and a damping mechanism, flexible limiting is realized through the guide mechanism formed by a guide screw and a filling assembly, the sliding mechanism provides a low-friction displacement release surface, and the damping mechanism absorbs impact vibration waves during sliding and stress processes. When the prefabricated stair is subjected to dynamic impact or generates relative displacement, the impact force is first buffered and absorbed by the damping mechanism, and the displacement trend is converted into gentle displacement release through the sliding of the sliding mechanism, and the filling assembly of the guide mechanism prevents rigid damage of the screw and the stair during displacement. The direct transmission path of vibration and stress to the external load-bearing beam is blocked, the structural integrity of the external load-bearing beam and the prefabricated stair is effectively protected, joint cracking is prevented, structural noise generated by vibration is reduced, and the use experience and safety of the fabricated stair are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of prefabricated construction technology, and in particular to a sliding support for a prefabricated staircase and its construction method. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of industrialized construction, prefabricated building construction technology has been widely promoted due to its high efficiency and environmental friendliness. As an important component of prefabricated buildings, prefabricated staircases have undergone a developmental evolution in their construction technology, from on-site casting to prefabrication and then to rapid assembly. Prefabricated staircases are produced in standardized factories and directly installed on-site onto external load-bearing beams, significantly improving construction efficiency and shortening the construction period, making them an important technical means in modern building construction.

[0003] Currently, the prefabricated staircase construction mainly employs rigid connection methods for installation. Construction workers directly erect or fix the upper and lower ends of the prefabricated staircase to external load-bearing beams, achieving a structural connection through grouting, welding, and other methods. This method ensures the structural integrity and load-bearing capacity, enabling the prefabricated staircase to meet basic functional requirements.

[0004] However, while the rigid connection method commonly used in existing technologies enables the connection and installation between prefabricated stairs and load-bearing beams, when relative displacement occurs between the prefabricated stairs and load-bearing beams (such as displacement caused by temperature changes, structural settlement, etc.) or when subjected to dynamic impacts (such as impacts caused by pedestrians stepping on them), the impact vibrations will be directly transmitted to the load-bearing beams, resulting in structural damage and joint cracking. At the same time, the vibration noise generated also affects the user experience. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main objective of this invention is to propose a sliding support for prefabricated stairs and a construction method therefor. This addresses the problem that while the rigid connection method commonly used in the prior art achieves the connection and installation between the prefabricated stairs and the load-bearing beam, when relative displacement occurs between the prefabricated stairs and the load-bearing beam (such as displacement caused by temperature changes or structural settlement) or when subjected to dynamic impact (such as impact caused by pedestrians stepping on them), the impact vibration is directly transmitted to the load-bearing beam, leading to structural damage and joint cracking. At the same time, the resulting vibration noise also affects the user experience.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, in a first aspect, the present invention proposes a sliding support for a precast staircase, wherein the upper and lower ends of the precast staircase each have multiple grouting channels spaced apart and vertically penetrating, and both the upper and lower ends can be erected on an external load-bearing beam; after erection, a sliding space and a damping space are formed between the upper end and the external load-bearing beam, and between the lower end and the external load-bearing beam, respectively, wherein the damping space is located above the corresponding sliding space and is connected to the corresponding sliding space; The sliding support includes: Multiple guiding mechanisms are provided, with the number of guiding mechanisms matching the number of grouting channels and installed in a one-to-one correspondence. Each guiding mechanism includes a guiding screw and a filling component. The guiding screw extends vertically through the sliding space and is embedded in the external load-bearing beam. The filling component fills the grouting channel and covers the outer periphery of the guiding screw. A sliding mechanism, the sliding mechanism filling the sliding space, and all the guide mechanisms passing through the sliding mechanism, the prefabricated staircase being able to slide relative to the external load-bearing beam via the sliding mechanism; and, A shock-absorbing mechanism is installed within the shock-absorbing space and is connected to the sliding mechanism. The shock-absorbing mechanism can absorb the impact vibration waves generated by the prefabricated staircase impacting the corresponding external load-bearing beam when the prefabricated staircase slides relative to the corresponding external load-bearing beam.

[0007] In one embodiment, a filling gap is formed between the guide screw and the inner wall of the grouting channel; The filling component includes a grouting filling material layer, which fills the filling gap and covers the outer periphery of the guide screw.

[0008] In one embodiment, the grouting filling material layer is a C40 grade cement-based grouting material.

[0009] In one embodiment, the grouting channel is tapered vertically downwards, and the grouting filler layer fills the grouting channel to form a guide filler that matches the shape of the grouting channel.

[0010] In one embodiment, the top of the guide filler is further filled with a mortar sealing block.

[0011] In one embodiment, the sliding mechanism includes: Multiple calibration pads are stacked vertically, all of which are fitted around the outer periphery of the screw and fill the sliding space. A joint mortar filler layer, said joint mortar filler layer filling the sliding space and covering the outer periphery of all said calibration pads; and A leveling layer is provided, which fills the sliding space and is located at the outer edge of the joint mortar filling material layer.

[0012] In one embodiment, the leveling layer is made of cement mortar with a strength grade of A, where A ≥ M15.

[0013] In one embodiment, the shock absorption mechanism includes a polystyrene board and a PE rod arranged vertically from bottom to top within the shock absorption space.

[0014] In one embodiment, the top of the PE rod is further filled with a glue-sealing layer.

[0015] Based on the same technical concept, in a second aspect, the present invention also proposes a construction method for a sliding support of a prefabricated staircase, used for constructing the sliding support described in the first aspect, the construction method comprising the following steps: Multiple bolt holes are drilled at intervals on the existing external load-bearing beam; wherein the number of bolt holes is consistent with the number of grouting channels and is set in a one-to-one correspondence. A guide mechanism is pre-embedded in each of the bolt holes; wherein the guide mechanism extends upward out of the corresponding bolt hole and through the sliding space; A sliding mechanism is installed on the top of the external load-bearing beam, and the prefabricated staircase is hoisted and installed on the top of the sliding mechanism; wherein, all the guide mechanisms extend into the corresponding grouting channel and fit against the inner wall of the corresponding grouting channel, and the upper end and the lower end form a shock-absorbing space between the upper end and the corresponding external load-bearing beam; A damping mechanism is installed within the damping space to form the sliding support.

[0016] The technical solution of this invention incorporates a guiding mechanism, a sliding mechanism, and a shock-absorbing mechanism. During use, the guiding mechanism, composed of a guide screw and a filling component, provides flexible positioning. The sliding mechanism offers a low-friction displacement release surface, and the shock-absorbing mechanism absorbs impact vibrations during sliding and under stress. When the prefabricated staircase is subjected to dynamic impact or relative displacement, the impact force is first buffered and absorbed by the shock-absorbing mechanism. The displacement trend is then transformed into a smooth displacement release through the sliding mechanism. Furthermore, the filling component of the guiding mechanism prevents rigid damage to the screw and the staircase during displacement. This effectively blocks the direct transmission path of vibration and stress to the external load-bearing beam, protecting the structural integrity of the external load-bearing beam and the prefabricated staircase, preventing joint cracking, and significantly reducing structural noise generated by vibration. This substantially improves the user experience and safety of the prefabricated staircase. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the sliding support for the prefabricated staircase provided by the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 An enlarged structural diagram of part A in the example; Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating a construction method exemplified by the present invention.

[0019] Figure label: 100. Precast staircase; 110. Grouting channel; 200. External load-bearing beam; 210. Sliding space; 220. Vibration damping space; 300. Guiding mechanism; 310. Guide screw; 320. Filling component; 400. Sliding mechanism; 500. Vibration damping mechanism; 321. Grouting filling material layer; 322. Mortar sealing block; 410. Adjustment pad; 420. Joint mortar filling material layer; 430. Leveling layer; 510. Polystyrene board; 520. PE rod; 530. Adhesive sealing layer.

[0020] The realization of the objective, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] It should be noted that if the embodiments of the present invention involve directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indicators are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of the components in a specific posture. If the specific posture changes, the directional indicators will also change accordingly.

[0023] Furthermore, if the embodiments of this invention involve descriptions such as "first" or "second," these descriptions are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Additionally, the use of "and / or" or "and / or" throughout the text includes three parallel solutions. For example, "A and / or B" includes solution A, solution B, or a solution where both A and B are satisfied simultaneously. Furthermore, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by this invention.

[0024] This invention proposes a sliding support for a prefabricated staircase and a construction method thereof.

[0025] Please see Figures 1 to 3 For ease of understanding, this type of prefabricated staircase sliding support has multiple grouting channels 110 that are spaced apart and vertically connected at both the upper and lower ends of the prefabricated staircase 100. Both the upper and lower ends can be erected on the external load-bearing beam 200. After erection, a sliding space 210 and a damping space 220 are formed between the upper end and the external load-bearing beam 200, and between the lower end and the external load-bearing beam 200. The damping space 220 is located above the corresponding sliding space 210 and is connected to the corresponding sliding space 210. The sliding support includes: Multiple guiding mechanisms 300 are provided, and the number of guiding mechanisms 300 is the same as that of grouting channels 110 and they are installed in a one-to-one correspondence. Each guiding mechanism 300 includes a guiding screw 310 and a filling component 320. The guiding screw 310 passes through the sliding space 210 vertically and is embedded in the external load-bearing beam 200. The filling component 320 fills the grouting channel 110 and covers the outer periphery of the guiding screw 310. A sliding mechanism 400 is incorporated within a sliding space 210, and all guide mechanisms 300 pass through the sliding mechanism 400. The precast staircase 100 can slide relative to the external load-bearing beam 200 via the sliding mechanism 400; and... The shock absorption mechanism 500 is installed in the shock absorption space 220 and is connected to the sliding mechanism 400. The shock absorption mechanism 500 can absorb the impact vibration waves generated by the precast staircase 100 impacting the corresponding external load-bearing beam 200 when the precast staircase 100 slides relative to the corresponding external load-bearing beam 200.

[0026] Specifically, the damping space 220 is located above the corresponding sliding space 210 and is connected to the corresponding sliding space 210, thereby creating a physical gap between the external load-bearing beam 200 and the prefabricated staircase 100 to accommodate the flexible connecting components.

[0027] In this embodiment, the combination of the guiding mechanism 300, the sliding mechanism 400 and the shock absorption mechanism 500 changes the rigid connection fixing method between the prefabricated staircase 100 and the load-bearing beam in the prior art, so as to solve the problem of structural damage and joint cracking caused by displacement or dynamic impact due to temperature changes and structural settlement.

[0028] Each guiding mechanism 300 includes a guide screw 310 and a filling assembly 320. The lower part of the guide screw 310 extends vertically through the sliding space 210 and is pre-embedded and fixed in the external load-bearing beam 200, serving as an anchoring reference; the upper part of the guide screw 310 extends upward into the grouting channel 110. The filling assembly 320 fills the grouting channel 110 and covers the outer periphery of the guide screw 310. Through the covering and isolation of the filling assembly 320, the guide screw 310 does not have direct rigid collision with the concrete hole wall of the precast staircase 100.

[0029] The weight of the prefabricated staircase 100 is pressed against the sliding mechanism 400 through its end surface, so that the prefabricated staircase 100 can slide horizontally relative to the external load-bearing beam 200 through the sliding mechanism 400.

[0030] When the prefabricated staircase 100 is subjected to an external force (such as seismic wave impact) or when the prefabricated staircase 100 slips relative to the corresponding external load-bearing beam 200, the shock absorption mechanism 500 can deform and perform work to absorb the impact vibration wave generated by the prefabricated staircase 100 impacting the corresponding external load-bearing beam 200.

[0031] In this embodiment, a guide mechanism 300, consisting of a guide screw 310 and a filling component 320, provides flexible positioning. A sliding mechanism 400 provides a low-friction displacement release surface, and a shock-absorbing mechanism 500 absorbs impact vibration waves during sliding and under stress. When the prefabricated staircase 100 is subjected to dynamic impact or relative displacement, the impact force is first buffered and absorbed by the shock-absorbing mechanism 500. The displacement trend is then transformed into a smooth displacement release through the sliding of the sliding mechanism 400. During the displacement process, the filling component 320 of the guide mechanism 300 prevents rigid damage to the screw and the staircase. This effectively blocks the direct transmission path of vibration and stress to the external load-bearing beam 200, protecting the structural integrity of the external load-bearing beam 200 and the prefabricated staircase 100, preventing joint cracking, and significantly reducing structural noise generated by vibration, thus significantly improving the user experience and safety of the prefabricated staircase.

[0032] In one embodiment, a filling gap is formed between the guide screw 310 and the inner wall of the grouting channel 110; The filling component 320 includes a grouting filling material layer 321, which fills the filling gap and covers the outer periphery of the guide screw 310.

[0033] Specifically, because the outer diameter of the guide screw 310 is smaller than the inner diameter of the grouting channel 110, when the guide screw 310 is inserted into the grouting channel 110, an annular space is left between the outer circumferential surface of the guide screw 310 and the inner wall of the grouting channel 110, thus forming the filling gap. At the construction site, after the precast staircase 100 is erected, construction workers inject fluid grouting material into this filling gap. After the material solidifies, it forms the grouting filling material layer 321. This grouting filling material layer 321 fully fills the filling gap, tightly covers the outer circumference of the guide screw 310, and adheres to the inner wall of the grouting channel 110. When the precast staircase 100 expands or contracts due to changes in ambient temperature, or when it slips relative to the guide screw 310 due to stress, relative compression inevitably occurs between the guide screw 310 and the precast staircase 100. At this point, the grouting material layer 321 acts as the force transmission medium between the guide screw 310 and the wall of the grouting channel 110, converting the lateral concentrated stress on the guide screw 310 into a distributed load, expanding the stress-bearing area, and enabling the stress to be evenly transmitted to the end of the precast staircase 100. This effectively avoids localized stress concentration caused by the rigid screw directly pressing against the concrete hole wall, preventing damage to the wall of the grouting channel 110 and joint cracking, and ensuring the structural integrity of the connection.

[0034] In one embodiment, the grouting filler layer 321 is a C40 grade cement-based grouting material.

[0035] Specifically, during the construction phase after the precast staircase 100 is erected and in place, construction workers inject prepared, fluid-state C40 grade cement-based grouting material into the filling gap through the upper opening of the precast staircase 100. Due to the excellent fluidity of this material before curing, it can penetrate downwards under its own weight, fully filling all the space between the outer periphery of the guide screw 310 and the inner wall of the grouting channel 110. After the material is allowed to stand and hydrate to solidify, a solid grouting material layer 321 is formed within the filling gap.

[0036] When the prefabricated staircase 100 is put into actual use, it may experience horizontal slippage relative to the external load-bearing beam 200 or be subjected to instantaneous dynamic impacts due to factors such as alternating ambient temperature changes, building structural settlement, or dense pedestrian traffic. Under these conditions, the guide screw 310 will exert enormous lateral compressive and shear stresses on the grouting filling material layer 321 covering its outer periphery. Since the grouting filling material layer 321 uses C40 grade cement-based grouting material, its standard compressive strength after curing reaches 40 MPa, possessing extremely high load-bearing capacity and resistance to damage. When subjected to the concentrated stress transmitted by the guide screw 310, this high-strength material layer can maintain its structural integrity, without internal crushing, surface collapse, or cracking. This force transmission process ensures that the force transmission medium between the guide screw 310 and the precast staircase 100 remains stable, allowing the local high-intensity stress generated by the guide screw 310 to diffuse evenly and gently into the concrete body of the precast staircase 100 through the material layer. This avoids stress concentration leading to end damage of the precast staircase 100 and solves the technical problem of easily damaged connection nodes.

[0037] In one embodiment, the grouting channel 110 is arranged to taper downwards vertically. After the grouting filling material layer 321 fills the grouting channel 110, it forms a guide filler that is adapted to the shape of the grouting channel 110.

[0038] Specifically, the cross-sectional area of ​​the grouting channel 110 gradually decreases from top to bottom, exhibiting a tapering structure that is larger at the top and smaller at the bottom. During the actual assembly and construction grouting stage, construction workers inject fluid cement-based grouting material through the larger opening at the top of the precast staircase 100. Due to the wide upper opening, the grouting operation is more convenient, effectively catching the material and preventing overflow; simultaneously, the tapering channel wall guides the fluid material smoothly downwards to the narrow area at the bottom. As the material gradually fills the gaps from bottom to top, air inside the channel can be smoothly discharged from the wider upper opening, avoiding air bubbles or voids within the material. Once the C40 grade cement-based grouting material is completely hydrated and cured, a robust guide filler is formed within the grouting channel 110, perfectly conforming to and fitting the tapering channel wall.

[0039] During the long-term service of the precast staircase 100, in addition to bearing horizontal sliding stress, it may be subjected to upward throwing or pulling forces under extreme conditions such as earthquakes and strong winds, potentially causing it to detach from the external load-bearing beam 200. Because the guide filler is shaped like a larger top and smaller bottom, and it tightly covers the outer periphery of the guide screw 310 embedded in the external load-bearing beam 200, when the precast staircase 100 exhibits an upward displacement tendency, the narrowing inner wall of the grouting channel 110 tightly engages the wider upper part of the guide filler, forming a reliable wedge-shaped physical lock. This allows the guide screw 310 to apply a downward pulling force to the precast staircase 100 through the guide filler, effectively resisting vertical pulling forces and preventing the precast staircase 100 from separating from the external load-bearing beam 200. Furthermore, when the precast staircase 100 is subjected to horizontal dynamic impact, the tapering inclined bore wall can decompose the horizontal compressive force into a normal force perpendicular to the bore wall and a tangential force along the bore wall, allowing the concentrated stress to be evenly distributed over a larger inclined area. This force transmission process further reduces the risk of local damage to the grouting channel 110, significantly improves the overall safety and structural stability of the precast staircase 100 under complex stress environments, and solves the technical problem of easy damage to connection nodes under extreme working conditions.

[0040] To provide a detailed description of the grouting channel 110, which tapers downwards vertically, and the corresponding guide filler, in one embodiment, the inner wall of the grouting channel 110 is frustoconical, i.e., a truncated cone structure. Correspondingly, the guide filler formed after curing is a frustoconical filler block. The frustoconical structure is circular in horizontal cross-section. When the prefabricated staircase 100 is subjected to sliding and compression in any direction within the horizontal plane, the frustoconical guide filler can provide isotropic and uniform support, avoiding stress concentration caused by sharp edges.

[0041] Of course, in another embodiment, the inner wall of the grouting channel 110 is square pyramidal, i.e., a frustum-shaped structure. Correspondingly, the guide filler formed after curing is a square pyramidal filler block. The four planes of the square pyramidal structure can be perpendicular to the main force direction of the precast staircase 100. When resisting huge shear forces in a specific direction (such as the longitudinal direction along the staircase), the flat force-bearing surface can provide a larger contact area, thereby giving the sliding support a stronger directional impact resistance.

[0042] In one embodiment, the top of the guide filler is further filled with a mortar sealing block 322.

[0043] Specifically, during the actual on-site assembly and construction process, when injecting the aforementioned grouting material into the grouting channel 110, the construction workers typically do not directly fill it to the top surface of the precast staircase 100. Instead, they reserve a recessed space above the top of the grouting channel 110. After the guide filler has completely hydrated and solidified to form a stable load-bearing structure, the construction workers fill the reserved space with mortar material. After compaction, smoothing, and curing, the mortar sealing block 322 is finally formed on top of the guide filler.

[0044] When the precast staircase 100 is put into daily use, since the grouting channel 110 directly penetrates the surface of the precast staircase 100 (such as the tread or landing surface), if the top of the channel is open, rainwater, daily cleaning water, and dust and debris can easily accumulate. Once these moisture and impurities seep downwards, they will directly corrode the internal guide screw 310, causing the metal parts to rust and corrode, thereby weakening the structural strength of the sliding support. By filling and covering with the mortar sealing block 322, the top of the guide filler and the top of the guide screw 310 can be completely sealed and isolated, completely cutting off the intrusion path of external moisture and impurities, and effectively protecting the internal core load-bearing components from oxidation and corrosion. In addition, during the implementation process, the construction workers smooth the top surface of the mortar sealing block 322 to be flush with the surface of the precast staircase 100. This smoothing operation eliminates the pits and holes on the surface of the precast staircase 100 caused by the reserved grouting channel 110, restoring the continuity and flatness of the staircase surface. When pedestrians walk on the precast stairs 100, the smooth surface can eliminate the risk of tripping and ensure the safety of passage. At the same time, it can also improve the overall appearance of the precast stairs 100 and solve the technical problems of internal corrosion caused by the exposed top of the grouting channel 110 and the impact of uneven surface on passage.

[0045] To further clarify, the mortar sealing block 322 is a polymer waterproof mortar sealing block 322. Polymer waterproof mortar incorporates high-molecular polymer emulsion into ordinary cement mortar, resulting in extremely high density and excellent impermeability and waterproof performance after curing. When the precast staircase 100 is used in open outdoor environments or damp building areas such as basements, the polymer waterproof mortar sealing block 322 can form a robust water-blocking barrier on the outer surface. Even under conditions of long-term water accumulation or rain erosion, it ensures that moisture cannot capillarily penetrate downwards to the guide filler, greatly improving the weather resistance and corrosion resistance life of the sliding support.

[0046] Of course, in another embodiment, the mortar sealing block 322 is a high-strength wear-resistant epoxy mortar sealing block 322. High-strength wear-resistant epoxy mortar is composed of epoxy resin, curing agent, and hard aggregates such as quartz sand, and after curing, it possesses extremely high surface hardness and wear resistance. When the precast staircase 100 is applied to public buildings with high traffic flow such as shopping malls, stations, and schools, the staircase surface will be subjected to frequent and high-intensity friction from shoe soles and dragging of heavy objects. The high-strength wear-resistant epoxy mortar sealing block 322 can withstand this high-frequency physical wear for a long time without powdering, peeling, or collapsing, always maintaining a flush state with the surface of the precast staircase 100, ensuring the long-term stability of the sealing structure and the lasting flatness of the passage surface.

[0047] In one embodiment, the sliding mechanism 400 includes: Multiple adjustment pads 410 are stacked vertically in sequence. All adjustment pads 410 are fitted around the outer periphery of the screw and are filled in the sliding space 210. A joint mortar filler layer 420 fills the sliding space 210 and covers the outer periphery of all the adjustment pads 410; and... The leveling layer 430 is filled within the sliding space 210 and is located at the outer edge of the joint mortar filling material layer 420.

[0048] Specifically, before hoisting the precast staircase 100 on site, the construction workers first selected a corresponding number of adjustment pads 410 based on the actual elevation measurement error between the external load-bearing beam 200 and the precast staircase 100. The workers then stacked multiple adjustment pads 410 vertically and inserted them one by one into the outer circumference of the screw rod, ensuring they were stably placed at the bottom of the sliding space 210. The precast staircase 100 was then hoisted into position, its bottom surface firmly pressed against the top adjustment pad 410. In this process, by increasing or decreasing the number of adjustment pads 410, the elevation error caused by the civil construction can be compensated, ensuring that the installation height and flatness of the precast staircase 100 meet construction standards. Simultaneously, the screw rods penetrate the inner holes of all adjustment pads 410, providing reliable lateral physical restraint and preventing misalignment and slippage under load. When the prefabricated staircase 100 is subjected to temperature stress or seismic action and undergoes horizontal slippage, relative sliding can occur between the bottom surface of the prefabricated staircase 100 and the pad, or between adjacent adjustment pads 410, thereby smoothly releasing the concentrated stress in the horizontal direction and avoiding rigid collision and structural damage between the prefabricated staircase 100 and the load-bearing beam.

[0049] After the precast staircase 100 is hoisted into place and its elevation adjusted, gaps still exist around the outer perimeter of the adjustment pads 410 within the sliding space 210. At this point, workers inject fluid-like jointing mortar into the sliding space 210, which, after solidification, forms the jointing mortar filling material layer 420. This material layer fully fills the central area of ​​the sliding space 210 and tightly covers the outer periphery of all the adjustment pads 410. This effectively seals the interlayer gaps created during the stacking of the pads, completely preventing hard debris such as sand and gravel from intruding into the sliding surface, ensuring a long-term low-friction, smooth state between the pads. Next, workers fill the outermost open portion of the sliding space 210 with leveling material, forming the leveling layer 430. The leveling layer 430 is located at the outer edge of the jointing mortar filling material layer 420, and workers smooth its outer surface to be flush with the side surfaces of the precast staircase 100 and the external load-bearing beam 200. This implementation process not only completely seals the sliding space 210, cutting off the path for rainwater and moisture to infiltrate and protecting metal components such as screws from oxidation and corrosion, but also eliminates depressions at the joints, improving the overall smoothness and aesthetics of the connection nodes. The coordinated operation of these components solves the technical problems of difficulty in accurately adjusting the installation height of the prefabricated staircase 100 and the easy accumulation of dust and water leakage at the joints, which hinders sliding.

[0050] More specifically, the adjustment pad 410 is a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) pad. PTFE material has an extremely low coefficient of surface friction and excellent self-lubricating properties. When the prefabricated staircase 100 undergoes relative displacement within the sliding space 210, the PTFE pads provide minimal frictional resistance, ensuring a smooth and stable sliding process. Furthermore, its high compressive strength stably supports the weight of the prefabricated staircase 100, making it resistant to creep deformation under long-term pressure.

[0051] Of course, in another embodiment, the adjustment pad 410 includes a stainless steel pad and a graphite bronze self-lubricating pad, which are alternately stacked vertically around the outer periphery of the screw. The stainless steel pad provides extremely high vertical load-bearing capacity and impact resistance for the sliding joint, while the graphite bronze self-lubricating pad can continuously release solid graphite lubricating particles when subjected to heavy friction. This combined implementation can maintain excellent sliding performance when facing the huge vertical load of large spans or heavy precast stairs 100, preventing the pads from seizing and jamming due to heavy pressure.

[0052] To further clarify, the example caulking mortar filling material layer 420 is a flexible polyurethane mortar layer or a silicone-modified elastic mortar layer.

[0053] In one embodiment, the leveling layer 430 is made of cement mortar with a strength grade of A, where A ≥ M15.

[0054] Specifically, during the final stage of on-site construction, workers fill the outer edge area with prepared cement mortar and use a trowel to smooth its outer surface to be flush with the side surfaces of the precast staircase 100 and the external load-bearing beam 200. Since the leveling layer 430 is made of high-strength cement mortar with a strength grade of not less than M15 (i.e., A≥M15), this material forms a dense and hard solid protective surface after hydration and curing, possessing excellent compressive and flexural strength. After the precast staircase 100 is put into actual service, the joint edge area is frequently subjected to friction from pedestrians, impacts from cleaning tools, and accidental impacts when carrying heavy objects. Simultaneously, when the precast staircase 100 experiences slight horizontal slippage due to temperature stress, the outer edge of the joint will also bear localized compressive and shear stress. During stress, the cement mortar leveling layer 430 with a strength grade of M15 or higher can effectively resist external mechanical impact and slippage compressive stress due to its high strength characteristics, without surface powdering, edge chipping, or overall cracking and peeling. This ensures the long-term integrity of the sealing structure around the slippage space 210, cuts off the path for external moisture and dust impurities to penetrate into the internal caulking mortar and leveling pad 410, and solves the technical problem of traditional joint leveling materials being too weak and prone to breakage and detachment, thus causing the internal slippage structure to lose protection. It maintains the long-lasting flatness and sealing effectiveness of the connection node appearance.

[0055] In one embodiment, the damping mechanism 500 includes a polystyrene board 510 and a PE rod 520 arranged vertically from bottom to top within the damping space 220.

[0056] Specifically, during on-site assembly, workers first fill the lower-middle depth of the damping space 220 with the polystyrene board 510. The polystyrene board 510 possesses excellent compression resilience and volume filling capacity, effectively filling the gaps within the joint. Subsequently, workers press the PE rod 520 into the upper opening area of ​​the damping space 220, near the surface, above the polystyrene board 510. The PE rod 520, due to its elasticity, firmly holds itself in place at the top of the joint, together with the polystyrene board 510 below, vertically filling the damping space 220. When the prefabricated staircase 100 slips horizontally under seismic action or drastic temperature changes, the end side of the prefabricated staircase 100 will move closer to the facade of the external load-bearing beam 200, thereby generating strong horizontal compressive stress on the filling material within the damping space 220. During this stress process, the bottom polystyrene board 510 and the top PE rod 520 undergo simultaneous elastic compression deformation. This elastic deformation can absorb and dissipate a large amount of kinetic energy generated by horizontal displacement, providing flexible buffer resistance, thereby preventing destructive rigid collisions between the concrete ends of the precast staircase 100 and the external load-bearing beam 200. Simultaneously, the PE rod 520 located above, due to its dense, closed-cell, non-absorbent surface, can tightly adhere to the concrete walls on both sides of the gap. This not only prevents hard debris such as sand and dust from falling into the depths of the damping space 220 and jamming the compression stroke of the polystyrene board 510, but also provides solid backing support for any subsequent possible joint surface sealing work. The coordinated operation of these components solves the technical problems of the precast staircase 100 easily colliding and breaking with adjacent structures during horizontal sliding, and the easy entry of debris into the deep gaps in the facade, leading to buffer failure.

[0057] In one embodiment, the top of the PE rod 520 is further filled with a glue-sealing layer 530.

[0058] Specifically, during the sealing and finishing stage of actual on-site construction, after the PE rod 520 is pressed into the damping space 220, a groove of considerable depth is reserved between its top surface and the upper surfaces of the precast staircase 100 and the external load-bearing beam 200. At this time, construction workers continuously inject fluid sealant material into this groove. During this injection process, the PE rod 520 below acts as a solid backing material, effectively supporting the uncured sealant and preventing it from flowing and leaking into the depths of the damping space 220, ensuring that the sealant fully and densely fills the top groove gap. After the sealant material is completely cross-linked and cured, the sealant sealing layer 530 is formed on top of the PE rod 520. When the precast staircase 100 is put into daily use, the stair surface is frequently exposed to rainwater or water accumulation during routine cleaning. The adhesive sealing layer 530 is tightly bonded to the concrete sidewalls of the precast staircase 100 and the external load-bearing beam 200, forming a continuous and dense flexible waterproof barrier. This completely blocks the path for external moisture and dust impurities to penetrate downwards into the shock-absorbing space 220, protecting the internal cushioning materials such as the polystyrene board 510 from water aging. Simultaneously, when the precast staircase 100 experiences horizontal slippage due to earthquakes or temperature stress, the width of the shock-absorbing space 220 dynamically changes. During this stress process, the adhesive sealing layer 530, with its elastic deformation capability, can adapt to the widening and narrowing of the gap through stretching and compression, without brittle cracking or peeling off from the concrete wall.

[0059] Based on the same technical concept, in a second aspect, the present invention also proposes a construction method for a sliding support of a prefabricated staircase 100, used for constructing the sliding support described in the first aspect, the construction method comprising the following steps: S100. Drill multiple spaced bolt holes on the existing external load-bearing beam; wherein the number of bolt holes is consistent with the number of grouting channels and is set in a one-to-one correspondence. S200. A guide mechanism is pre-embedded in each of the bolt holes; wherein the guide mechanism extends upward out of the corresponding bolt hole and passes through the sliding space; S300, A sliding mechanism is installed on the top of the external load-bearing beam, and the prefabricated staircase is hoisted and installed on the top of the sliding mechanism; wherein, all the guide mechanisms extend into the corresponding grouting channel and fit against the inner wall of the corresponding grouting channel, and the upper end and the lower end form a shock-absorbing space between the upper end and the corresponding external load-bearing beam; S400. A damping mechanism is installed within the damping space to form the sliding support.

[0060] Specifically, in the initial stage of on-site construction, the construction workers first precisely laid out and positioned the top surface of the existing external load-bearing beam according to the production drawings of the prefabricated staircase. Then, they used drilling equipment to drill multiple spaced bolt holes. The construction workers strictly controlled the number of bolt holes to ensure that it perfectly matched the number of grouting channels at the bottom of the prefabricated staircase, achieving a one-to-one correspondence in spatial coordinates.

[0061] Next, the construction workers pre-embed the guide mechanism in each of the bolt holes. The lower end of the guide mechanism (as described above, the guide screw) is then firmly anchored into the bolt hole. After anchoring, the main body of the guide mechanism extends vertically upwards, protruding from the opening of the corresponding bolt hole and passing through the sliding space reserved between the precast staircase and the load-bearing beam.

[0062] After the guide mechanism is pre-embedded and secured, the construction workers install the sliding mechanism on top of the external load-bearing beam. Within the sliding space, the workers sequentially place adjustment pads and fill them with mortar and other materials. Then, using lifting equipment, the prefabricated staircase is lifted and smoothly lowered onto the top of the sliding mechanism. During the lowering process, all upward-extending guide mechanisms precisely extend into their corresponding grouting channels, with the outer surface of the guide mechanism fitting flush with the inner wall of the corresponding grouting channel. As the prefabricated staircase is finally positioned, a gap of a predetermined width naturally forms between its upper and lower side facades and the opposite facades of the corresponding external load-bearing beam, thus creating the vibration-damping space.

[0063] The damping mechanism is installed within the damping space formed at both ends of the prefabricated staircase. Construction workers sequentially fill the damping space with cushioning materials such as polystyrene boards and PE rods and then seal it. This final implementation process provides a flexible deformation buffer zone for the movable end of the prefabricated staircase. When the prefabricated staircase undergoes horizontal displacement, the damping mechanism can effectively absorb and dissipate the compressive energy generated by the relative displacement of the structure, thereby forming a complete sliding support. This solves the technical problem that traditional rigid connection nodes are prone to concrete crushing and brittle failure under earthquake or temperature stress, significantly improving the overall seismic toughness and service life of the building.

[0064] The above description is merely an exemplary embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural transformations made based on the technical concept of the present invention and the contents of the specification and drawings of the present invention, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sliding support for a prefabricated staircase, characterized in that, The prefabricated staircase has multiple grouting channels at its upper and lower ends, each arranged vertically. Both the upper and lower ends can be erected on an external load-bearing beam. After erection, a sliding space and a damping space are formed between the upper end and the external load-bearing beam, and between the lower end and the external load-bearing beam. The damping space is located above the corresponding sliding space and is connected to the corresponding sliding space. The sliding support includes: Multiple guiding mechanisms are provided, with the number of guiding mechanisms matching the number of grouting channels and installed in a one-to-one correspondence. Each guiding mechanism includes a guiding screw and a filling component. The guiding screw extends vertically through the sliding space and is embedded in the external load-bearing beam. The filling component fills the grouting channel and covers the outer periphery of the guiding screw. A sliding mechanism, the sliding mechanism filling the sliding space, and all the guide mechanisms passing through the sliding mechanism, the prefabricated staircase being able to slide relative to the external load-bearing beam via the sliding mechanism; and, A shock-absorbing mechanism is installed within the shock-absorbing space and is connected to the sliding mechanism. The shock-absorbing mechanism can absorb the impact vibration waves generated by the prefabricated staircase impacting the corresponding external load-bearing beam when the prefabricated staircase slides relative to the corresponding external load-bearing beam.

2. The sliding support for the prefabricated staircase as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A filling gap is formed between the guide screw and the inner wall of the grouting channel; The filling component includes a grouting filling material layer, which fills the filling gap and covers the outer periphery of the guide screw.

3. The sliding support for the prefabricated staircase as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The grouting filling material layer is C40 grade cement-based grouting material.

4. The sliding support for the prefabricated staircase as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The grouting channel is set to gradually narrow vertically downwards. After the grouting filling material layer fills the grouting channel, it forms a guide filling body that matches the shape of the grouting channel.

5. The sliding support for the prefabricated staircase as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The top of the guide filler is also filled with mortar sealing blocks.

6. The sliding support for the prefabricated staircase as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The sliding mechanism includes: Multiple calibration pads are stacked vertically, all of which are fitted around the outer periphery of the screw and fill the sliding space. A joint mortar filler layer, said joint mortar filler layer filling the sliding space and covering the outer periphery of all said calibration pads; and A leveling layer is provided, which fills the sliding space and is located at the outer edge of the joint mortar filling material layer.

7. The sliding support for the prefabricated staircase as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The leveling layer is made of cement mortar, and the strength grade of the cement mortar is A, where A≥M15.

8. The sliding support for the prefabricated staircase as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The shock absorption mechanism includes polystyrene boards and PE rods arranged vertically from bottom to top within the shock absorption space.

9. The sliding support for the prefabricated staircase as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The top of the PE rod is also filled with a glue-sealing layer.

10. A construction method for a sliding support of a precast staircase, characterized in that, For constructing a sliding bearing as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, the construction method comprises the following steps: Multiple bolt holes are drilled at intervals on the existing external load-bearing beam; wherein the number of bolt holes is consistent with the number of grouting channels and is set in a one-to-one correspondence. A guide mechanism is pre-embedded in each of the bolt holes; wherein the guide mechanism extends upward out of the corresponding bolt hole and through the sliding space; A sliding mechanism is installed on the top of the external load-bearing beam, and the prefabricated staircase is hoisted and installed on the top of the sliding mechanism; wherein, all the guide mechanisms extend into the corresponding grouting channel and fit against the inner wall of the corresponding grouting channel, and the upper end and the lower end form a shock-absorbing space between the upper end and the corresponding external load-bearing beam; A damping mechanism is installed within the damping space to form the sliding support.

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