Dustproof device for tunnel construction

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, and discloses a dustproof device for tunnel construction, which comprises a water tank, a fan, a gas-liquid mixing assembly, an auxiliary filtering assembly and a same-cavity circulating assembly. The device utilizes the fan to generate negative pressure at the variable-diameter throat pipe to passively suck water, and the water is pulverized and atomized through high-speed airflow; the mixed fluid rotates in the centrifugal filtering pipe, and the dust and liquid violently collide, condense and are centrifugally separated. When the filter hole is blocked, the fluid resistance increases to promote the axial displacement of the centrifugal pipe, the auxiliary filtering assembly is triggered to instantaneously release the pneumatic load, the centrifugal pipe is rapidly reset under the thrust of the energy storage spring to generate mechanical pulse impact, and pressure resistance feedback self-cleaning is realized. The separated sludge and water are stratified and precipitated in the water tank through the staggered baffle, and the float structure of the same-cavity circulating assembly adaptively tracks the liquid surface to extract the surface clean water for circulation. The application discards the water pump and the micropore nozzle, realizes pure mechanical self-excitation cleaning and a pollution-preventing water closed loop, and significantly improves the operation stability of the equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel construction technology, specifically to a dust control device for tunnel construction. Background Technology

[0002] Tunnel construction environments are confined and relatively enclosed, generating large amounts of highly concentrated suspended dust containing harmful substances such as silica during drilling, blasting, excavation, and shotcreting operations. Dust control devices for tunnel construction are crucial environmental and safety equipment for ensuring the occupational health and safety of workers, maintaining visibility within the tunnel, and ensuring the normal operation of construction machinery. These devices primarily utilize fluid dynamics principles, employing a physical intervention method that combines ventilation and exhaust with liquid-phase capture to intercept, agglomerate, and settle fine dust particles dispersed in the confined space.

[0003] Existing wet dust control devices for tunnels generally employ a structure system combining active pressurized water supply with mechanical ventilation, as disclosed in patent documents CN212079374U and CN113431622A. Their conventional operating mode is as follows: a high-powered fan draws dust-laden air from the tunnel face into a filtered air duct inside the device; simultaneously, a water pump serves as an additional power source, forcibly pressurizing the liquid medium in the water tank while consuming additional electricity. This pressurized water is then converted into fine water mist through micro-perforated nozzles arranged inside the air duct. When the drawn-in dust-laden airflow passes through the water mist coverage area formed by the nozzles, the dust particles in the gas-solid two-phase fluid collide with the water droplets, condense, and increase in weight. Ultimately, they are separated from the gas phase fluid by gravity or baffle interception and discharged outside the device with the liquid phase medium, thus achieving the goal of airflow purification.

[0004] This traditional dust collection architecture, which heavily relies on external water pump pressurization and micro-orifice nozzle atomization, exposes serious problems of fluid channel blockage and reduced operational stability under the harsh conditions of tunnels. The circulating water source at tunnel construction sites typically contains a large amount of suspended sediment and particulate impurities. When high-pressure water pumps continuously draw such impure water, it easily causes wear on the pump's internal impeller and irreversible physical blockage of the tiny atomizing nozzles. Once the nozzles are blocked or the atomization deteriorates, the water mist formed by static spraying loses its ability to effectively cover and encapsulate fine respirable dust in the airflow, significantly reducing dust collection efficiency. Simultaneously, this structural defect necessitates frequent shutdowns for manual cleaning and parts replacement, making long-term, maintenance-free, continuous, and stable operation impossible in the extremely harsh dusty environment of tunnels. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a dust control device for tunnel construction, which solves the problems mentioned in the background section.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is: A dust control device for tunnel construction includes a water tank, a support frame fixedly connected to the rear end of the water tank, a fan fixedly connected to the upper end of the support frame, a gas-liquid mixing component provided at the upper end of the water tank, an auxiliary filtration component fixedly connected to the upper rear end of the water tank, and a cavity circulation component provided inside the water tank. The gas-liquid mixing assembly includes an air inlet pipe, a throat pipe fixedly connected to the rear end of the air inlet pipe, a liquid inlet pipe fixedly connected to the lower end of the outer arc surface of the throat pipe, an expansion pipe fixedly connected to the rear end of the throat pipe, an expansion block fixedly connected to the inner arc surface of the expansion pipe, a rotating block rotatably connected to the rear end of the expansion pipe, an extension pipe slidably connected to the inner surface of the rotating block, a centrifugal filter pipe fixedly connected to the rear end of the extension pipe, and blades fixedly connected to the inner arc surface of the centrifugal filter pipe.

[0007] Preferably, the auxiliary filtration assembly includes a fluid treatment chamber, the lower surface of which is fixedly connected to a water tank, and fixed blocks are fixedly connected to both the left and right sides of the fluid treatment chamber. A pulse plate is slidably connected to the inner surface of the fixed blocks, and limit blocks are slidably connected to both the left and right ends of the inner surface of the fluid treatment chamber. A baffle plate is fixedly connected to the inner side of the limit blocks, and an air duct is fixedly connected to the rear end of the fluid treatment chamber.

[0008] Preferably, the same-cavity circulation assembly includes an extension tube, the outer arc surface of which is slidably connected to the inlet tube, a float is fixedly connected to the lower end of the outer arc surface of the extension tube, a diversion plate is fixedly connected to the rear end of the inner surface of the water tank, a suspension plate is fixedly connected to the upper end of the inner surface of the water tank, and a sill plate is fixedly connected to the lower end of the inner surface of the water tank.

[0009] Preferably, the water tank has a door on its outer surface, multiple through holes on its upper surface, and the air inlet of the fan is connected to the air duct.

[0010] Preferably, the air inlet pipe is configured as a smooth cone shape, the lower surface of the throat pipe has multiple sets of through holes, the outer surface of the liquid inlet pipe is fixedly connected to the water tank, the rear end of the expansion pipe has a T-shaped groove, the outer arc surface of the expansion block is in contact with the expansion pipe, the outer arc surface of the expansion block has multiple sets of spiral grooves, the front end of the rotating block has a T-shaped protrusion, and the inner surface of the rotating block has a rectangular groove.

[0011] Preferably, the end of the extension tube is elastically connected to the rotating block by a spring, the inner surface of the centrifugal filter tube has multiple sets of filter holes, the blades are provided in multiple sets, and the multiple sets of blades are arranged in a circumferential array with the center of the centrifugal filter tube as the array center, and the blades are set as an inclined arc surface.

[0012] Preferably, the rear end and lower end of the fluid processing chamber are both configured as flat-topped pyramids, the inner surface of the fluid processing chamber is rotatably connected to the rotating block, and the inner side of the fixed block is elastically connected to the pulse plate by a spring.

[0013] Preferably, the pulse plate is configured as a right-angled trapezoid, the limiting block is in contact with the pulse plate, the end of the limiting block away from the blocking plate is configured as an inclined surface, two sets of limiting blocks are provided, and the adjacent surfaces of the two sets of limiting blocks are both configured as inclined surfaces, and the two sets of limiting blocks are symmetrically distributed with the center line of the fluid processing chamber as the axis of symmetry.

[0014] Preferably, the front end of the baffle plate is rotatably connected to the centrifugal filter tube, and the front and rear ends of the air duct are respectively connected to the fluid treatment chamber and the fan.

[0015] Preferably, the lower surface of the extension tube is flush with the float, the float is hollow inside, a through hole is provided on the lower surface of the float, and the entire diversion plate is inclined.

[0016] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention utilizes a variable-diameter fluid channel structure to generate negative pressure for autonomous flow, replacing the existing dust suppression devices that rely on water pumps for pressurized water supply, thus achieving water supply without an additional power source. The device uses high-speed airflow to directly pulverize the liquid medium, guiding the mixed fluid to rotate synchronously within a spiral centrifugal assembly. This extends the trajectory of the dust-laden airflow and atomized droplets, generating intense vortices and increasing the probability of two-phase collision and combination. Combined with the centrifugal separation effect of the mixed medium, it improves the efficiency of fine dust collection, eliminates the potential for clogging caused by traditional water pump supply and microporous atomization structures, and enhances continuous operational stability.

[0017] 2. This invention constructs a pressure-resistance feedback pulse cleaning structure by converting the resistance of filter ash accumulation into a displacement driving force. When sludge adheres to the filter mesh, causing an increase in fluid resistance, pneumatic thrust overcomes the spring force, causing the filter assembly to move axially to the rear. Upon reaching a critical point, the limiting structure releases the obstruction to the pulse plate, allowing the fluid processing space to connect with the outside atmosphere, resulting in instantaneous depressurization. After losing pneumatic thrust, the filter assembly rapidly ejects forward and resets under the action of the energy storage spring, generating an axial impact. This instantaneous mechanical impact force shakes off the sludge adhering to the filter mesh, achieving passive mechanical adaptive cleaning.

[0018] 3. This invention constructs a dynamic-static separation sedimentation and circulation system by setting up an inclined flow guiding structure and staggered flow-blocking weirs inside the water storage space. The mud-water mixture falls onto the inclined plates to eliminate the fluid impact kinetic energy, and under the guidance of the staggered weirs, it forces high-density silt to settle at the bottom, achieving the overflow of the upper layer of clarified water. Combined with an adaptive buoyancy structure, the end of the water intake pipe remains suspended above the water surface as the liquid level rises and falls. This structure ensures that the negative pressure diversion system continuously extracts shallow clarified liquid media for atomization, preventing bottom sediment from entering the circulation pipeline and causing secondary pollution and channel blockage, thus improving the efficiency of closed-loop water resource utilization. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-section of the gas-liquid mixing component of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the centrifugal filter tube of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the fluid processing chamber of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-section of the fluid processing chamber of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the limiting block of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-section of the water tank of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the lower part of the inlet pipe of the present invention.

[0020] in: 1. Water tank; 2. Gas-liquid mixing assembly; 201. Air inlet pipe; 202. Throat pipe; 203. Liquid inlet pipe; 204. Expansion block; 205. Rotating block; 206. Centrifugal filter tube; 207. Sliding block; 208. Blade; 209. Expansion tube; 3. Auxiliary filter assembly; 301. Fluid handling chamber; 302. Pulse plate; 303. Fixing block; 304. Baffle plate; 305. Air duct; 306. Limiting block; 4. Same-cavity circulation assembly; 401. Drainage plate; 402. Suspension plate; 403. Ground sill plate; 404. Extension pipe; 405. Float block; 5. Fan; 6. Support frame. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] Example: Please see the appendix Figure 1 - Appendix Figure 3 This invention provides a dust control device for tunnel construction, including a water tank 1. The water tank 1 serves as the counterweight base and liquid storage carrier for the entire device. It is preferably made of corrosion-resistant stainless steel or thickened fiberglass to adapt to the harsh environment of dampness and water accumulation in tunnels. A support frame 6 is fixedly connected to the rear end of the water tank 1. Raising the installation position by the support frame 6 effectively prevents ground water from intruding into the core electrical area and provides stable support for the fan 5. The fan 5, which is a negative pressure fan, is fixedly connected to the upper end of the support frame 6. A negative pressure power source, the rear exhaust design of the fan 5 places it at the clean air end, which greatly reduces the wear of dust on the fan impeller. The upper end of the water tank 1 is equipped with a gas-liquid mixing component 2, which is used to wet, wrap and mix the dry dust drawn in at the front end of the airflow. The upper rear end of the water tank 1 is fixedly connected with an auxiliary filter component 3, which receives the front mixed fluid and performs physical gas-liquid-solid separation and pulse dust removal control. The inside of the water tank 1 is equipped with a cavity circulation component 4, which realizes the labyrinth sedimentation purification and surface tracking closed-loop reuse of the internal liquid medium. The gas-liquid mixing assembly 2 includes an air inlet pipe 201, which serves as the inlet for the dust-fluid mixture. It can be connected to a corrugated hose to extend directly to dust sources such as the tunnel face. A throat pipe 202 is fixedly connected to the rear end of the air inlet pipe 201. Utilizing the Venturi effect of the abrupt change in the cross-sectional area of ​​the flow channel, the airflow is accelerated within the throat pipe 202, generating a localized extremely low negative pressure. A liquid inlet pipe 203 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the outer arc surface of the throat pipe 202, allowing the water below to automatically rise along the liquid inlet pipe 203 and overflow under the negative pressure suction, achieving passive liquid supply without a water pump throughout the process. An expansion pipe 209 is fixedly connected to the rear end of the throat pipe 202. An expansion block 204 is fixedly connected to the inner arc surface of the expansion pipe 209, used to forcibly compress the linear airflow to change its path and, through its spiral pattern, increase the residence time of the gas-water mixture, reducing the overall dust and water mixing time of the equipment. To minimize the space occupied by the expansion pipe 209 in the narrow working environment of the tunnel, a rotating block 205 is rotatably connected to the rear end of the expansion pipe 209. The rotating block 205 serves as the core transition bearing seat between the stationary pipe and the rotating component, and is equipped with a dustproof and waterproof high-speed deep groove ball bearing. A slider 207 is slidably connected to the inner surface of the rotating block 205. This sliding structure gives the subsequent rotating component the mechanical freedom to generate axial displacement when the wind resistance changes. A centrifugal filter pipe 206 is fixedly connected to the rear end of the slider 207. The centrifugal filter pipe 206 is preferably made of lightweight and high-strength aluminum alloy and titanium alloy to minimize the rotational inertia and motor load during high-speed rotation. A blade 208 is fixedly connected to the inner arc surface of the centrifugal filter pipe 206. The blade 208 is used to forcibly agitate the mixed fluid to generate a violent internal vortex, and the airflow impact force drives the entire centrifugal filter pipe 206 to rotate.

[0023] The outer surface of water tank 1 is equipped with a door, and the edge of the door is fitted with a polymer sealing strip to facilitate the construction personnel to regularly open water tank 1 to centrally remove and clean the sediment inside. Multiple through holes are provided on the upper surface of water tank 1 to provide a return channel for the sludge and water ejected by centrifugal force to flow downwards, and to connect it to the liquid inlet pipe 203. The air inlet of fan 5 is connected to air duct 305. The air inlet pipe 201 is designed as a smooth cone shape, using its smooth, streamlined inner wall to reduce the friction coefficient of dust-laden gas entering and to initially guide and concentrate the airflow. The throat pipe 2... Multiple through holes are provided on the lower surface of 02 and are connected to the liquid inlet pipe 203. The liquid water drawn up by the negative pressure emerges here and is impacted by the high-speed dust airflow to form water mist. The outer surface of the liquid inlet pipe 203 is fixedly connected to the water tank 1, which plays the role of stabilizing and supporting the structural component of the gas-liquid mixing component 2 above. A T-shaped groove is provided at the rear end of the expansion pipe 209. The T-shaped groove is continuously distributed in a ring shape along the rear end face of the expansion pipe 209, so that the T-shaped protrusion of the rotating block 205 can be continuously and smoothly rotated 360 degrees without obstruction while being axially pulled and positioned after being embedded. Meanwhile, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) dynamic sealing rings are embedded on the relative rotating surfaces of the rotating block 205 and the expansion tube 209, as well as on the relative sliding surfaces of the rotating block 205 and the slider 207. This ensures that during negative pressure suction and the axial reciprocating sliding of the slider 207, external air will not enter through the assembly gaps and disrupt the high negative pressure state within the flow channel. These rings are used for rotational limiting assembly with the rotating block 205. The outer arc surface of the expansion block 204 fits against the expansion tube 209 to prevent airflow from escaping through side gaps. Multiple sets of spiral grooves are formed on the outer arc surface of the expansion block 204, forcing the high-speed air-water mixture to form a tornado-like spiral vortex, significantly increasing the physical properties of the flow channel. The length and collision probability of gas-liquid particles are considered. The front end of the rotating block 205 is provided with a T-shaped protrusion, which is installed in the groove of the expansion tube 209 to maintain coaxial and stable rotation. The inner surface of the rotating block 205 is provided with a rectangular groove, which restricts the slider 207 to slide only axially and prevents circumferential relative torsional sliding. The end of the slider 207 is elastically connected to the rotating block 205 by a spring. This spring, as the core pneumatic energy storage element, is responsible for converting fluid resistance into elastic potential energy and providing reverse ejection power for subsequent pulse impact. High-hardness polyurethane buffer pads are provided between the rear end face of the inner cavity of the rotating block 205 and the front end face of the slider 207.When the centrifugal filter tube 206 is rapidly reset by the spring force, the high-hardness polyurethane buffer pad transmits the shock wave to dislodge the mud while preventing the metal pipe from fatigue fracture due to high-intensity stress concentration. The inner surface of the centrifugal filter tube 206 has multiple sets of filter holes, allowing the weighted water droplets wrapped with dust to be forcibly thrown out through the filter holes under the action of high-speed rotation centrifugal force. Multiple sets of blades 208 are provided, and the multiple sets of blades 208 are arranged in a circumferential array with the center of the centrifugal filter tube 206 as the array center, ensuring the dynamic balance and stability of the rotor components under high-speed operation. The blades 208 are set as an inclined arc surface, which not only enhances the mechanical dispersion and mixing effect of the gas-liquid medium, but also effectively uses the axial thrust of the airflow to assist in driving the tube body to rotate.

[0024] Please see the appendix Figure 4 - Appendix Figure 6 The auxiliary filtration assembly 3 includes a fluid treatment chamber 301. The internal cross-sectional area of ​​the fluid treatment chamber 301 is enlarged to act as a gas-liquid separation expansion chamber, causing a sharp drop in the velocity of the mixed airflow. This forces the tiny droplets that are not centrifuged to settle due to gravity. The lower surface of the fluid treatment chamber 301 is fixedly connected to the water tank 1, allowing the separated mud-water mixture to fall smoothly back into the water tank 1 under gravity. Fixed blocks 303 are fixedly connected to both the left and right sides of the fluid treatment chamber 301, serving as mounting bases for the pneumatic pulse release mechanism. A pulse plate 302 is slidably connected to the inner surface of the fixed block 303, serving as a mechanism... The door panel element of the mechanical vacuum breaker valve is used to instantly open to the outside atmosphere at a specific threshold. Limiting blocks 306 are slidably connected to both ends of the inner surface of the fluid processing chamber 301. The limiting blocks 306 are preferably made of polytetrafluoroethylene self-lubricating wear-resistant material to reduce frictional loss from long-term reciprocating sliding. A baffle plate 304 is fixedly connected to the inner side of the limiting block 306 to accurately transmit the axial displacement generated by the internal rotating component to the external triggering mechanism. A duct 305 is fixedly connected to the rear end of the fluid processing chamber 301 to safely exhaust the dry and clean air after sedimentation and centrifugal separation.

[0025] The rear and lower ends of the fluid treatment chamber 301 are both designed as flat-topped pyramids. This funnel-shaped sloping wall structure can guide the viscous mud and water adhering to the inner wall to quickly collect and slide off by its own weight, preventing the mud and sand from accumulating and hardening at the corners over a long period of time. The inner surface of the fluid treatment chamber 301 is rotatably connected to the rotating block 205, providing a stable tail-end rotational support for the entire front-end gas-liquid mixing assembly 2. The inner side of the fixing block 303 is elastically connected to the pulse plate 302 through a spring, giving the pulse plate 302 an instantaneous restoring force that automatically springs outward when the obstruction is removed. Furthermore, in this design, the spring force at the end of slider 207 is greater than the spring force between fixed block 303 and pulse plate 302. Therefore, during the reset process, the spring force at the end of slider 207 can drive the limiting block 306 to reset and push the pulse plate 302 to re-close the fluid treatment chamber 301. The pulse plate 302 is designed as a right-angled trapezoid, which facilitates mechanical disengagement and compression between its hypotenuse and the limiting block 306. The limiting block 306 contacts the pulse plate 302, and under normal filtration operation, it is firmly pressed down by static friction. The pulse plate 302 maintains a negative pressure sealed state inside the fluid treatment chamber 301. The end of the limiting block 306 furthest from the baffle plate 304 is set as an inclined surface. Two sets of limiting blocks 306 are provided, and the adjacent surfaces of both sets of limiting blocks 306 are set as inclined surfaces. This inclined surface acts as a purely mechanical reset cam. When the centrifugal filter tube 206 is rapidly axially reset by spring force, it forcibly pushes the pulse plate 302 back to its initial closed position along the inclined surface. The two sets of limiting blocks 306 are symmetrically distributed about the centerline of the fluid treatment chamber 301, ensuring fluid treatment... The pneumatic unloading and air intake on both sides of the chamber 301 are synchronized with the impact reset action, maintaining the force balance of the main shaft of the system and avoiding mechanical jamming. At the same time, the inclined surface of the limit block 306 allows the mud-water mixture falling on it to fall down along its inclined surface into the water tank 1. The front end of the baffle plate 304 is rotatably connected to the centrifugal filter tube 206. The thrust isolation and transmission between the external linear motion component and the internal high-speed rotating component is realized through the dynamic and static separation bearing interface. The front and rear ends of the air duct 305 are connected to the fluid treatment chamber 301 and the fan 5, respectively.

[0026] Please see the appendix Figure 7 - Appendix Figure 8The same-cavity circulation component 4 includes an extension pipe 404, which serves as a dynamic water intake channel for adaptive liquid level rise and fall. The outer arc surface of the extension pipe 404 is slidably connected to the inlet pipe 203, and a waterproof dynamic sealing ring is provided at the nested sliding joint to ensure that no air leakage occurs at the interface under negative pressure pumping conditions. A float 405 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the outer arc surface of the extension pipe 404 as a mechanical liquid level tracking sensor to follow the fluctuations of the liquid level inside the water tank in real time. A diversion plate 401 is fixedly connected to the rear end of the inner surface of the water tank 1, located where mud and water fall into the tank. Directly below the area, it receives the sewage falling from above and conducts energy dissipation and diversion to prevent the high-level water flow from directly hitting the bottom and stirring up the dust and silt settled at the bottom. A hanging plate 402 is fixedly connected to the upper part of the inner surface of the water tank 1 to forcibly intercept lightweight engineering debris floating on the water surface and force the turbid water containing silt to flow downwards. A ground sill plate 403 is fixedly connected to the lower part of the inner surface of the water tank 1. Together with the hanging plate 402, it forms an inverted siphon-type labyrinth weir to prevent high-density silt from overflowing to the right with the bottom water flow, achieving efficient dynamic and static stratified physical sedimentation in a limited space.

[0027] The lower surface of the extension pipe 404 is flush with the float 405. Combined with the counterweight design of the float 405, the water inlet end face is always precisely maintained at a shallow water surface with a small distance below the still water surface. The float 405 is hollow inside, providing sufficient reserve buoyancy to stably support the structural weight of the upper extension pipe 404. A through hole is opened on the lower surface of the float 405 to ensure that only the clear water that has undergone complete sedimentation is drawn from the top layer of the water tank when extracting liquid media, eliminating the risk of secondary pollution and blockage of the throat pipe by the silt at the bottom of the water tank. The diversion plate 401 is inclined, and the rigid inclined surface forcibly changes the torque direction of the falling water column, transforming the vertical high-energy impact of the water flow into a gentle tangential flow that is close to the bottom, effectively maintaining the static stability of the flow field in the labyrinth sedimentation zone inside the water tank.

[0028] Working Principle: When the fan 5 is started, a negative pressure is generated inside the device, and dust-laden gas enters the tunnel through the inlet pipe 201. When the gas reaches the throat pipe 202, the flow cross-sectional area decreases, the flow velocity increases sharply, and a high negative pressure is generated. Water from the surface of the still water layer behind the water tank 1 enters the float 405 through the through-hole under the negative pressure, rises along the extension pipe 404 and the liquid inlet pipe 203 to the throat pipe 202, and is atomized under the impact of the high-speed airflow, mixing with the dust-laden gas. The mixed fluid then enters the expansion pipe 209, where it is guided by the spiral grooves on the surface of the expansion block 204, generating a rotational motion. The airflow carries atomized water droplets and dust into the centrifugal filter pipe 206. At this time, the rotating block 205 drives the slider 207 and the centrifugal filter pipe 206 to rotate synchronously. The blades 208 located inside the centrifugal filter pipe 206 rotate accordingly, increasing the collision mixing rate of the gas-liquid-solid three-phase fluid. As the mass of the water droplets from the dust increases, they pass through the filter pores on the surface of the centrifugal filter tube 206 under centrifugal force, are thrown into the fluid treatment chamber 301, and naturally settle into the water tank 1. The remaining gas is extracted through the air duct 305. The increased cross-sectional area of ​​the fluid treatment chamber 301 causes the tiny droplets that were not separated by centrifugation to settle due to gravity due to the reduced flow velocity, ensuring that the gas entering the fan 5 is dry.

[0029] During continuous operation, sludge gradually adheres to the filter pores on the surface of the centrifugal filter tube 206, increasing airflow resistance and widening the pressure difference between the air inlet pipe 201 and the fluid processing chamber 301. The increased pneumatic thrust overcomes the spring force between the rotating block 205 and the slider 207, causing the centrifugal filter tube 206 and the slider 207 to slide axially backward as a whole. At this time, the baffle plate 304, which is rotatably connected to the centrifugal filter tube 206, and the limiting block 306, which is fixedly connected to it, move backward in a straight line simultaneously. When the limiting block 306 crosses the critical position, it releases the mechanical obstruction on the pulse plate 302. Under the action of the spring thrust inside the fixed block 303, the pulse plate 302 moves outward, allowing the fluid processing chamber 301 to connect with the outside atmosphere. The sudden influx of outside air into the fluid processing chamber 301 causes internal depressurization, and the centrifugal filter tube 206 loses its backward pneumatic thrust. The spring between the rotating block 205 and the slider 207 releases its elastic potential energy instantaneously, pushing the slider 207 and the centrifugal filter tube 206 forward to reset and generate an axial impact, shaking off the mud adhering to the surface of the centrifugal filter tube 206. At the end of the reset process, the inclined surface at the front end of the limiting block 306 squeezes the pulse plate 302, causing it to overcome the spring force and retract into the fixed block 303, restoring the fluid treatment chamber 301 to a sealed state. The system re-establishes negative pressure and enters the next cleaning cycle. In this embodiment, the rotational motion and axial sliding motion of the centrifugal filter assembly and the pneumatic gating of the external pulse plate 302 achieve cross-space coordination under a purely physical architecture. By cleverly utilizing the axial pneumatic thrust derived from the increased filtration resistance as a sensing signal and tripping power, combined with the instantaneous pneumatic unloading and depressurization of the main air duct caused by the opening of the pulse plate 302, the negative pressure restraining force against the spring potential energy is cut off. Without the participation of any electronic control sensors or servo motors, this structure spontaneously completes a closed-loop action of energy storage, tripping, high-frequency impact, and reset by utilizing the instantaneous destruction of fluid dynamic boundary conditions, breaking through the technical bottleneck of existing dust removal equipment that requires shutdown or reliance on external power for dust removal.

[0030] The mud-water mixture falling from the fluid treatment chamber 301 descends to the front end of the water tank 1 and lands on the surface of the inclined guide plate 401. The water flow is guided along the guide plate 401 to the bottom surface of the water tank 1, and then flows towards the rear of the water tank 1. When the water flows through the hanging plate 402, it passes through the gap between its bottom end and the bottom surface of the water tank 1, thus intercepting floating debris on the water surface and forcing the mud and sand to adhere to the bottom surface. Subsequently, the water flows upward and overflows over the top of the sill plate 403 into the clean water area at the rear of the water tank 1, where higher density mud and sand are deposited in the bottom groove between the hanging plate 402 and the sill plate 403. The surface of the water entering the purification area remains still. The float 405 is always suspended at a specific depth below the water surface through the balance of its own weight and buoyancy. This causes the extension pipe 404 to slide vertically outside the inlet pipe 203 in sync with the change in liquid level. This ensures that the inlet pipe 203 always only draws in the clear water from the outermost layer inside the water tank 1 for circulation and atomization, thus preventing sediment from the bottom of the water tank 1 from entering the gas-liquid mixing component 2 and causing pipe blockage.

[0031] In the description of this invention, the terms "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "top," "bottom," "vertical," and "horizontal," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only to describe the invention and not to require the invention to be constructed or operated in a specific orientation; therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. The terms "connected" and "linked" in this invention should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a connection or a detachable connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through intermediate components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms based on the specific circumstances.

[0032] The above description represents the preferred mode of operation of the present invention. The specific operational modes are provided solely for a better understanding of the invention's concept. Those skilled in the art can make various improvements or equivalent substitutions based on the principles of this invention, and these improvements or equivalent substitutions are also considered to fall within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A dust control device for tunnel construction, comprising a water tank (1), characterized in that, The rear end of the water tank (1) is fixedly connected to a support frame (6), the upper end of the support frame (6) is fixedly connected to a fan (5), the upper end of the water tank (1) is provided with a gas-liquid mixing component (2), the upper rear end of the water tank (1) is fixedly connected to an auxiliary filtration component (3), and the interior of the water tank (1) is provided with a co-cavity circulation component (4). The gas-liquid mixing assembly (2) includes an air inlet pipe (201), a throat pipe (202) is fixedly connected to the rear end of the air inlet pipe (201), a liquid inlet pipe (203) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the outer arc surface of the throat pipe (202), an expansion pipe (209) is fixedly connected to the rear end of the throat pipe (202), an expansion block (204) is fixedly connected to the inner arc surface of the expansion pipe (209), a rotating block (205) is rotatably connected to the rear end of the expansion pipe (209), a slider (207) is slidably connected to the inner surface of the rotating block (205), a centrifugal filter pipe (206) is fixedly connected to the rear end of the slider (207), and a blade (208) is fixedly connected to the inner arc surface of the centrifugal filter pipe (206).

2. The dust control device for tunnel construction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The auxiliary filtration assembly (3) includes a fluid treatment chamber (301), the lower surface of which is fixedly connected to the water tank (1), and fixed blocks (303) are fixedly connected to both the left and right sides of the fluid treatment chamber (301). A pulse plate (302) is slidably connected to the inner surface of the fixed block (303). Limiting blocks (306) are slidably connected to both the left and right ends of the inner surface of the fluid treatment chamber (301). A baffle plate (304) is fixedly connected to the inner side of the limiting block (306). A duct (305) is fixedly connected to the rear end of the fluid treatment chamber (301).

3. A dust control device for tunnel construction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The same cavity circulation assembly (4) includes an extension tube (404), the outer arc surface of the extension tube (404) is slidably connected to the liquid inlet tube (203), a float (405) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the outer arc surface of the extension tube (404), a diversion plate (401) is fixedly connected to the rear end of the inner surface of the water tank (1), a suspension plate (402) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the inner surface of the water tank (1), and a sill plate (403) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the inner surface of the water tank (1).

4. A dust control device for tunnel construction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water tank (1) has a door on its outer surface and multiple through holes on its upper surface. The air inlet of the fan (5) is connected to the air duct (305).

5. A dust control device for tunnel construction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air inlet pipe (201) is generally designed as a smooth cone shape. Multiple through holes are provided on the lower surface of the throat pipe (202). The outer surface of the liquid inlet pipe (203) is fixedly connected to the water tank (1). A T-shaped groove is provided at the rear end of the expansion pipe (209). The outer arc surface of the expansion block (204) is in contact with the expansion pipe (209). Multiple spiral grooves are provided on the outer arc surface of the expansion block (204). A T-shaped protrusion is provided at the front end of the rotating block (205). A rectangular groove is provided on the inner surface of the rotating block (205).

6. A dust control device for tunnel construction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The end of the slider (207) is elastically connected to the rotating block (205) by a spring. The inner surface of the centrifugal filter tube (206) has multiple sets of filter holes. The blades (208) are arranged in multiple sets, and the multiple sets of blades (208) are arranged in a circumferential array with the center of the centrifugal filter tube (206) as the array center. The blades (208) are set as an inclined arc surface.

7. A dust control device for tunnel construction according to claim 2, characterized in that, The rear end and lower end of the fluid processing chamber (301) are both set as flat-topped pyramids. The inner surface of the fluid processing chamber (301) is rotatably connected to the rotating block (205). The inner side of the fixed block (303) is elastically connected to the pulse plate (302) through a spring.

8. A dust control device for tunnel construction according to claim 2, characterized in that, The pulse plate (302) is configured as a right trapezoid. The limiting block (306) is in contact with the pulse plate (302). The end of the limiting block (306) away from the blocking plate (304) is configured as an inclined surface. There are two sets of limiting blocks (306), and the adjacent surfaces of the two sets of limiting blocks (306) are configured as inclined surfaces. The two sets of limiting blocks (306) are symmetrically distributed with the center line of the fluid processing chamber (301) as the axis of symmetry.

9. A dust control device for tunnel construction according to claim 2, characterized in that, The front end of the baffle plate (304) is rotatably connected to the centrifugal filter tube (206), and the front and rear ends of the air duct (305) are respectively connected to the fluid processing chamber (301) and the fan (5).

10. A dust control device for tunnel construction according to claim 3, characterized in that, The lower surface of the extension tube (404) is flush with the float (405). The float (405) is hollow inside. A through hole is provided on the lower surface of the float (405). The diversion plate (401) is inclined as a whole.

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