A dynamic range lifting and background suppression integrated collimating / beam blocking device and method

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of neutron scattering, and particularly relates to a dynamic range improvement and background suppression integrated collimation / beam blocking device and method. Through integrated collimation and multi-stage beam blocking collaborative design, the parasitic background caused by Fresnel diffraction and edge scattering is reduced. Through a closed-loop tracking compensation mechanism, the beam center deviation caused by thermal drift and mechanical drift is reduced, the low-q region artifact risk is reduced. Through the replaceable absorber cassette, multi-working-condition quick switching is realized, the high-throughput and high-dynamic-range measurement requirements are considered, through the sample environment module local shielding and opening angle collaborative optimization, the additional scattering introduced by extreme environments such as high temperature and high pressure is reduced, through the dynamic mask reconstruction process, the effective data retention rate in the low-q region is improved and the measurement repeatability is improved. It simultaneously realizes that the background in the low-q region is significantly reduced, the baseline stability is improved, the beam blocking coaxial relationship can still be maintained under the condition of slow beam drift, and the error of the reconstruction system is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of neutron scattering technology, specifically relating to an integrated collimation / beamblock device and method for dynamic range enhancement and background suppression, used in small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and ultra-small-angle scattering (USANS) experiments. Background Technology

[0002] Small-angle scattering (SAS) and ultra-small-angle scattering (USA) of neutrons are important methods for characterizing nanoscale to microscale hierarchical structures and are widely used in research on soft matter, new energy materials, geological materials, and engineering composite materials. With the increase in neutron source intensity, detector performance, and the growing demand for testing in the low-q range, the requirements for "effective dynamic range" and "low background capability" have significantly increased. Especially under conditions of high throughput, long flight distance, and complex sample environments, traditional collimation and beam-blocking techniques are insufficient to meet the requirements for high-precision measurements.

[0003] From the perspective of background sources, low-q region signals are usually most easily overwhelmed by parasitic scattering. Parasitic scattering includes aperture diffraction, slit edge scattering, and conduit wall scattering from the front end of the optical path, as well as window scattering, gas scattering, and structural component scattering generated by the sample area and its surrounding environment. It also includes leakage scattering, reflection / splash scattering, and secondary radiation from the beam-blocking region. These background components are coupled spatially, energetically, and angularly, and are often superimposed on the real scattering pattern in the form of "raising the baseline, widening the tail, and introducing pseudo-rings / pseudo-peaks," directly affecting the reliability of low-q end structural parameter inversion.

[0004] From an engineering operation perspective, SANS / USANS systems typically have long flight paths. Optical components can slowly drift due to factors such as temperature changes, ground micro-settlement, mechanical vibration, and stress release during assembly, causing the main beam center to deviate from the beam stop center. For fixed beam stops, when this deviation occurs, it can lead to two problems: firstly, beam leakage, causing local pixel saturation and spurious signals; secondly, over-blocking, resulting in additional clipping of the effective scattering angle domain. This alternating state of "beam leakage-over-blocking" introduces significant repeatability errors, manifesting as drift in low-q region results, decreased measurement consistency, and unstable calibration.

[0005] In existing technologies, a common approach is to optimize the collimator, beam deflector, and sample environment shielding separately. However, each subsystem is typically designed and debugged independently, lacking unified coordination constraints. Specifically, this manifests in:

[0006] 1. Collimation ends usually focus on geometric divergence control, lacking an integrated suppression design of "edge geometry + absorption / slowing composite liner" for parasitic scattering;

[0007] 2. The beam stop usually adopts a single-stage or limited-stage structure, which makes it difficult to simultaneously handle the main beam, the edge halo and the far-end splash components;

[0008] 3. The positioning of the clamps relies heavily on offline or low-frequency calibration and lacks real-time closed-loop locking based on position-sensitive feedback;

[0009] 4. When facing different flux conditions, the ability to switch between beam attenuation configurations is insufficient, resulting in limited dynamic range utilization.

[0010] 5. The shielding structure and aperture angle parameters of the sample environment are often fixed, making it difficult to match with changes in the experimental scattering angle domain, resulting in a contradiction between effective signal and background suppression.

[0011] Furthermore, in extreme sample environments such as high temperature and high pressure (HPHT), the window thickness, sealing structure, and support geometry are often not negligible, and their additional scattering can overlap with the target scattering angular domain. Simply removing the background through post-processing is usually insufficient to completely eliminate "structure-related background" and may introduce over- or under-removal risks, thereby amplifying model fitting uncertainties. For experiments requiring comparisons across multiple sample states, the problem of background instability is particularly prominent.

[0012] In the data processing stage, traditional methods typically use static masks and fixed beam block position assumptions. When there is slow drift in the beam center or when beam block compensation is performed, the static mask is inconsistent with the actual blocking area, which can easily produce pixel-level systematic errors. This further affects the circumferential averaging, absolute intensity calibration, and low-q region curve continuity, limiting the instrument's true usability under high dynamic range conditions.

[0013] In summary, existing technologies lack a comprehensive, end-to-end collaborative solution covering "collimation-sample environment-beam blocking-feedback control-data reconstruction," and cannot simultaneously achieve the following objectives:

[0014] 1. Significantly suppresses the background and maintains a stable baseline in the low q region;

[0015] 2. Maintain the coaxial relationship between the beam stop and the main beam under beam drift conditions;

[0016] 3. Maintain a switchable and reproducible dynamic range under high-throughput and high-sample environmental conditions;

[0017] 4. Maintain consistency between mask and data reconstruction under real-time pose changes.

[0018] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop and design an integrated collimation / beamblock device and method for neutron (ultra) small-angle scattering that takes into account both dynamic range enhancement and background suppression, in order to meet the comprehensive requirements of the next generation of high-performance scattering spectrometers for low background, high stability and high repeatability. Summary of the Invention

[0019] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and to develop and design an integrated collimation / beam blocking device and method for dynamic range enhancement and background suppression, so as to solve the problems of high background in the low and medium q region, measurement instability caused by beam drift, and difficulty in effectively suppressing background under extreme sample environments.

[0020] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention relates to a main structure of an integrated collimation / beamblock device for dynamic range enhancement and background suppression, comprising an integrated collimation module, a sample environment module, a multi-stage cascaded dissipation beamblock module, and an intelligent beamblock center tracking and drift suppression module connected in sequence.

[0021] The integrated collimation module can reduce parasitic scattering in the front section of the optical path, including at least one set of precisely adjustable scattering suppression slits / knife-edge components set along the neutron main beam optical path, and an absorption / slowing composite liner distributed along the beam channel.

[0022] Furthermore, the scattering suppression slit / knife-edge assembly employs an anti-wedge or double-wedge edge structure, with a knife-edge wedge angle... The angle is 3°-15°, the surface roughness RMS is not greater than 0.5μm, and the tip curvature radius is... No larger than 5μm;

[0023] The absorption / moderating composite liner is a layered composite structure consisting of a boron-containing polyethylene moderating layer and a cadmium absorption layer.

[0024] The sample environment module is equipped with a “shielding-aperture angle” collaborative structure, which can achieve a balance between background suppression and effective signal preservation for different scattering angles and sample environments. The collaborative structure includes a local shield and a replaceable aperture insert.

[0025] Furthermore, the local shielding element, in conjunction with the replaceable opening insert, forms a variable scattering angle. The dynamically matched nose cone structure allows for a replaceable opening insert that extends to a position adjacent to the sample, thus defining an effective scattering exit window. .

[0026] The multi-stage cascaded dissipation beamblock module can realize multi-level dissipation and operating mode switching, including a main beamblock, a secondary scattering capture ring coaxially set with the main beamblock, a tertiary anti-splash beam trap located at the far end, and a replaceable absorber cartridge for multi-mode switching.

[0027] Furthermore, the secondary scattering trapping ring is a ring-shaped absorber that is independent of and coaxially arranged with the main beam stop, with an inner diameter of... Larger than the outer diameter of the main beam barrier The two form a geometric gap ,and mm mm;

[0028] The three-stage anti-splash beam trap has an aspect ratio of [missing information]. It has a deep cavity structure with an inner wall covered by a microstructured boron carbide or boron-containing polyethylene absorbing layer.

[0029] The intelligent beam center tracking and drift suppression module can compensate for beam center drift in real time. It includes at least a position sensor and transmission counter located upstream or inside the multi-stage cascaded dissipation beam blocking module, a controller that receives data from the position sensor and transmission counter, and a mechanism for X / Y / Z triaxial displacement of the multi-stage cascaded dissipation beam blocking module. The attitude adjustment actuator, wherein the controller drives the actuator to perform closed-loop compensation based on the calculated deviation between the beam center and the beam center.

[0030] The absorbing material of the scattering suppression slit / knife-edge assembly and main beam block involved in this invention is selected from one or more of the following: enriched isotope boron carbide ( BB C) Ceramics, lithium fluoride ( LiF) crystals, rich in A composite shield consisting of Li silicate glass and embedded Gd / Cd metal foil.

[0031] The present invention relates to an integrated collimation / beamblock device for dynamic range enhancement and background suppression, capable of scattering signal measurement, beam center closed-loop locking, and background suppression. Through a high-dynamic measurement method, parameter configuration, self-calibration, closed-loop control, gain switching, and data reconstruction are connected in series to ensure measurement stability and availability in the low-q region. The specific process includes the following steps:

[0032] S1, Intelligent Configuration of Optical Path and Parameters

[0033] Determine the momentum transfer range required for the experiment and Automatically calculates collimation aperture, sample-detector distance, and main beam stop size. and geometric gaps Drive the integrated collimation module and the multi-stage cascaded dissipation beam blocking module to the set position;

[0034] S2, Beam Topology Self-calibration

[0035] Remove the sample, turn on the position sensor and transmission counter, and map the intensity distribution of the main beam cross section. The initial deviation matrix between the physical beam optical axis and the beam stop mechanical center is obtained. ;

[0036] S3, Dynamic Closed-Loop Locking

[0037] According to sampling frequency Perform beam position sampling and calculate real-time offset. ,when Greater than the threshold At this time, the drive actuator performs reverse compensation, where the real-time offset should meet the following conditions: ;

[0038] S4, Adaptive Gain Control

[0039] Monitor the direct beam flux of the transmission counter. When the flux exceeds the preset value, automatically switch the replaceable absorber cartridge to the high attenuation ratio setting or the large size beam configuration.

[0040] S5, Data Acquisition and Reconstruction

[0041] Acquire scattering detector signals and real-time beam trajectory Pixel-level mask correction and background subtraction are performed on the scattering image, and the output is... The curve, in which the mask region is dynamically translated according to the real-time trajectory, reduces the low voltage introduced by beam drift. District artifacts.

[0042] Compared with existing technologies, this invention reduces parasitic background caused by Fresnel diffraction and edge scattering through integrated collimation and multi-stage beam blocking collaborative design; it reduces beam center shift caused by thermal and mechanical drift through a closed-loop tracking compensation mechanism, thus reducing the risk of low-q region artifacts; it enables rapid switching between multiple operating conditions through replaceable absorber cartridges, balancing high throughput and high dynamic range measurement requirements; it reduces additional scattering introduced by extreme environments such as high temperature and high pressure through local shielding of the sample environment module and collaborative optimization of the aperture angle; and it improves the effective data retention rate and measurement repeatability in the low-q region through a dynamic mask reconstruction process. Based on a full-link collaborative mechanism of "pre-stage dispersion suppression + mid-stage collaborative shielding + post-stage multi-stage dissipation + online closed-loop compensation + dynamic mask reconstruction," it simultaneously achieves a significant reduction in low-q region background, improved baseline stability, and the ability to maintain beam blocking coaxiality even under slow beam drift conditions. It also achieves high switching efficiency and good reproducibility between multiple throughput and multiple sample environment conditions, maintains consistency between data processing and mechanical status, and reduces reconstruction system errors. Attached Figure Description

[0043] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the integrated collimation / beamblock device for dynamic range enhancement and background suppression involved in this invention.

[0044] Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the scattering suppression slit / knife-edge assembly involved in the present invention.

[0045] Figure 3 This is a top view of the scattering suppression slit / knife-edge assembly involved in the present invention.

[0046] Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the sample environment module involved in the present invention.

[0047] Figure 5 This is a structural schematic diagram of the multi-stage cascaded dissipation beam-blocking module of the present invention along the main beam axis section.

[0048] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the beam center tracking and closed-loop alignment control principle involved in the present invention.

[0049] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the integrated collimation / beamblock device for dynamic range enhancement and background suppression, as described in the present invention, in a (V)SANS / USANS spectrometer. Detailed Implementation

[0050] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0051] Example 1:

[0052] The main structure of the integrated collimation / beamblocking device for dynamic range enhancement and background suppression involved in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, it includes an integrated collimation module 10, a sample environment module 20, a multi-stage cascaded dissipation beam blocking module 30, and an intelligent beam blocking center tracking and drift suppression module 40; the integrated collimation module 10 is connected to the sample environment module 20, the sample environment module 20 is connected to the multi-stage cascaded dissipation beam blocking module 30, and the multi-stage cascaded dissipation beam blocking module 30 is connected to the intelligent beam blocking center tracking and drift suppression module 40.

[0053] The integrated collimation module 10 performs pre-stage shaping and suppression of beam geometric divergence and edge parasitic scattering. It can employ two-stage slits: the pre-stage controls the beam divergence angle, and the post-stage suppresses secondary scattering from the blade edge to improve the beam spot quality entering the sample region. It includes at least an absorption / slowing down composite liner 11 and a set of scattering suppression slits / blades assemblies 12.

[0054] Among them, the absorption / moderation composite liner 11 is set in segments along the beam direction. The upstream segment uses the moderation layer to attenuate high-energy stray components, and the downstream segment uses the absorption layer to absorb the moderated neutrons, forming a cascade suppression path of "moderation first, absorption later".

[0055] like Figure 2-3 As shown, the scattering suppression slit / knife-edge assembly 12 consists of a first knife-edge 12a and a second knife-edge 12b paired to form an adjustable opening, constituting a two-dimensional adjustable window with an opening size of [missing information]. The cutting edge adopts an anti-wedge or double-wedge structure to reduce edge diffraction and edge scattering leakage. Specifically, the wedge angles of the first cutting edge 12a and the second cutting edge 12b are... The angle is 3°-15°, the surface roughness RMS is not greater than 0.5μm, and the tip curvature radius is... The particle size is no larger than 5 μm, and the material used for fabrication employs a neutron-rich absorption system, including but not limited to... BB C LiF, rich Li silicate glass and Gd / Cd composite shielding material.

[0056] The sample environment module 20 controls the additional scattering path near the sample window, including at least the sample window 21 and a local shield 22 disposed near it, and a replaceable opening insert 23, such as... Figure 4 As shown, a “shielding-opening angle” collaborative structure is formed, which reduces the structural background generated by windows, seals, support structures, etc. by geometrically constraining the outgoing scattering cone angle.

[0057] Among them, the local shield 22 adopts a composite structure of a moderating layer and an absorbing layer, and a low-scattering coating is provided on the inner surface to reduce secondary scattering;

[0058] The replaceable opening insert 23 offers different opening angle and insertion depth specifications to match different sample thicknesses, sample environment volumes, and target scattering angle domains. When used in high-temperature and high-pressure sample environments, the replaceable opening insert 43 extends forward along the main beam direction to a position close to the sample to define the effective scattering exit window. At the same time, it ensures the passage of effective signals within the target scattering cone angle range.

[0059] The multi-stage cascaded dissipation beam-blocking module 30 performs main beam interception, edge halo capture, and far-end backsplash suppression. It includes at least a main beam block 32, a secondary scattering capture ring 33, a tertiary anti-backsplash beam trap 34, and a replaceable absorber cartridge 35, all installed within the beam-blocking housing 31. Figure 5 As shown;

[0060] The beam shield housing 31 is also equipped with a thermally stable installation reference, a repeatable positioning guide rail and a limiting mechanism, so that the main beam shield 32, the secondary scattering capture ring 33 and the tertiary anti-splash beam trap 34 can maintain the axial consistency after maintenance and disassembly, and reduce repeated installation and adjustment errors.

[0061] The main beam block 32 is used to intercept the main flux of the straight beam, and its shape includes cylindrical, conical, and composite curved surfaces;

[0062] The secondary scattering trapping ring 33 and the main beam block 32 are arranged coaxially, forming a geometric gap between them. Used to capture halo scattering formed at the edge of the main beam stop;

[0063] The three-stage anti-splash beam trap 34 adopts a deep cavity structure with a length-to-diameter ratio that meets the requirements. Under these conditions, a microstructured absorption layer is provided on the inner wall to reduce backscattering;

[0064] The replaceable absorber cartridge 35 has multiple attenuation levels, which can be switched according to the experimental flux and sample scattering intensity.

[0065] Furthermore, the inner diameter of the second-order scattering trapping ring 33 The outer diameter is greater than that of the main beam stop 32. And satisfy The condition, based on geometric gap Constraints, balancing leakage risk control and low The effective angular domain of the area is preserved.

[0066] The intelligent beam center tracking and drift suppression module 40 includes at least a position sensor 41, a transmission counter 42, a controller 43, and an actuator 44. The position sensor 41 and transmission counter 42 are respectively located upstream and inside the multi-stage cascaded dissipation beam blocking module 30. The position sensor 41 outputs beam center coordinate information, and the transmission counter 42 outputs transmission flux information. Data fusion is performed by the controller 43 to form a dual-variable feedback of "position deviation - flux status." The controller 43 uses an FPGA, real-time controller, or industrial controller to achieve millisecond-level feedback. It generates deviation criteria based on the dual-channel data and drives the actuator 44 for closed-loop compensation. The actuator 44 uses a dual-layer drive of "motor coarse adjustment + piezoelectric fine adjustment," balancing large-stroke compensation and high-precision positioning functions. It performs X / Y / Z and attitude direction fine adjustments on the multi-stage cascaded dissipation beam blocking module 30, achieving real-time closed-loop compensation during measurement. Figure 6 As shown, the specific process flow is as follows:

[0067] 1. Initial calibration

[0068] Beam distribution was collected under no-load conditions to establish a reference center. Compared with reference transmission level ;

[0069] 2. Online monitoring

[0070] At a sampling frequency of Get in real time and ;

[0071] 3. Deviation Calculation

[0072] based on , , Perform calculations;

[0073] 4. Triggering Criteria

[0074] when or transmission change rate When the threshold is exceeded, closed-loop compensation is triggered;

[0075] 5. Execution of compensation

[0076] Execution agency 44 for X / Y / Z and Adjustment;

[0077] 6. Lock and hold

[0078] Once the deviation returns to within the threshold, it enters a hold state and continues monitoring for the next cycle.

[0079] Example 2:

[0080] When using the integrated collimation / beamblock device that combines dynamic range enhancement and background suppression as described in this embodiment, such as... Figure 7 As shown, in a (V)SANS / USANS spectrometer comprising a neutron source / guide 1, a velocity selector 2, a vacuum or low-scattering flight tube 3, and a detector 4, the neutron beam passes sequentially through the neutron source / guide 1, the velocity selector 2, and the vacuum or low-scattering flight tube 3. The detector 4 collects the effective scattering signal and outputs a two-dimensional scattering pattern. The specific measurement method and process are as follows:

[0081] S1, Optical Path and Parameter Connection Configuration

[0082] Based on the target momentum transfer range to By combining the estimated scattering intensity of the sample, the dimensions of the collimation aperture, sample-detector distance, and main beam stop 32 are jointly calculated. Geometric gap With the attenuation setting of the replaceable absorber cartridge 35, drive the corresponding mechanism to the set position;

[0083] S2, Unloaded Beam Topology Self-calibration

[0084] The cross-sectional intensity distribution of the main beam was acquired after the sample was removed. Obtain the deviation matrix between the beam optical axis and the beam-blocking mechanical center. Complete the initial mask template generation;

[0085] S3, Sample loading pre-inspection and closed-loop locking

[0086] After loading the sample, a short pre-scan is performed to check the straight beam interception margin, transmission stability, and background baseline in the low-angle region. If the deviation exceeds the limit, automatic centering is performed first, and then formal acquisition is performed.

[0087] S4, Formal Data Acquisition and Adaptive Switching

[0088] During the collection period, according to the sampling frequency The position and flux are continuously monitored. When the flux exceeds the preset value, the replaceable absorber cartridge 35 is automatically switched to the high attenuation setting or the main beam setting 32 is switched to avoid local saturation of the detector 4 and maintain a stable dynamic range.

[0089] S5, Dynamic Mask Reconstruction and Background Removal

[0090] For each frame of scattering image, based on real-time trajectory Simultaneous translation and boundary correction are performed on the mask region to complete pixel-level background subtraction, flux normalization, efficiency correction, and circumferential averaging, and output the result. ;

[0091] S6. Quality Criteria and Anomaly Handling (Optional)

[0092] If several consecutive frames show threshold drift, flux mutation, or low throughput, If an abnormal false loop occurs in the area, controller 43 will trigger an interlock action: pause data acquisition, revert to a safe position, and resume measurement after re-executing S2 or S3.

[0093] S7. End of Experiment and State Reset (Optional)

[0094] After data collection is completed, a control log is recorded (compensation amount, 35-level position of replaceable absorber cartridge, alarm status, temperature and humidity timestamps, etc.). The actuator 44 returns to the reference position to facilitate subsequent batch consistency management.

[0095] In this process, a "trajectory-driven mask" strategy is adopted:

[0096] Mechanical state synchronization: The pose of actuator 44 is timestamped with the frame number of the detector;

[0097] Mask dynamic update: update occlusion boundaries frame by frame;

[0098] Multi-source background decoupling: distinguishing between straight beam leakage background, sample environment background, and electronic noise background;

[0099] Curve reconstruction: Completed Merging, smoothing, and error propagation assessments.

[0100] Control logs are written to measurement metadata files and bound to the original scattering frames, supporting post-processing traceability, repeatability analysis, and cross-batch comparison.

[0101] Example 3:

[0102] In this embodiment, the integrated collimation / beamblock device for dynamic range enhancement and background suppression, when measured under normal SANS conditions, features a medium-sized collimation aperture, a medium-sized main beamblock 32, and a medium-geometric gap in the secondary scattering capture ring 33. The sample environment module 20 uses a standard open insert and operates at a conventional closed-loop threshold, which can suppress low throughput while maintaining throughput utilization. Establish a background baseline in the region to improve consistency of repeated measurements.

[0103] The main beam deflector 32, secondary scattering capture ring 33, tertiary anti-splash beam trap 34, and replaceable absorber cartridge 35 are located within the beam deflector housing 31.

[0104] Example 4:

[0105] In this embodiment, an integrated collimation / beamblock device for dynamic range enhancement and background suppression is used for high-throughput, fast-scanning measurements. It employs a larger collimation aperture and switches the replaceable absorber cartridge 35 to a high attenuation setting. The controller 43 increases the sampling frequency and reduces the trigger delay. Even if thermal drift or mechanical disturbance increases, it can still maintain beamblock alignment through rapid compensation, reducing local saturation and artifact introduction.

[0106] Example 5:

[0107] This embodiment relates to an integrated collimation / beamblock device that combines dynamic range enhancement and background suppression. During measurement in a high-temperature, high-pressure sample environment, the sample window 21 and supporting components exhibit enhanced scattering. By reducing the opening angle and extending the replaceable opening insert 23, combined with the composite absorption layer of the local shield 22, the device can significantly suppress structure-related background. Synchronous closed-loop control ensures stable main beam interception and enhances low-frequency scattering. The proportion of available data in the district.

[0108] Example 6:

[0109] This embodiment relates to a collimation / beamblocking device that integrates dynamic range enhancement and background suppression in ultra-low temperature environments. When measuring under extended measurement conditions, the target is ultra-low temperature. The end-strument analysis employs a two-stage collimation strategy of "weak divergence in the pre-stage + strong divergence suppression in the post-stage," and appropriately increases the sample-detector distance. The multi-stage cascaded divergence-eliminating beam-blocking module 30 uses a combination of a small-gap capture ring and a deep cavity trap. The controller 43 employs a more stringent deviation threshold, which can further reduce the probability of low-angle artifacts and enhance ultra-low frequency response. Continuity of the curve in the region.

Claims

1. A collimation / beamblock device integrating dynamic range enhancement and background suppression, characterized in that, The main structure includes an integrated collimation module, a sample environment module, a multi-level cascaded dissipation beamblock module, and an intelligent beamblock center tracking and drift suppression module connected in sequence. The integrated collimation module can reduce parasitic scattering in the front section of the optical path, including at least one set of precisely adjustable scattering suppression slits / knife-edge components set along the neutron main beam optical path, and an absorption / slowing composite liner distributed along the beam channel. The sample environment module is equipped with a "shielding-aperture angle" collaborative structure, which can achieve a balance between background suppression and effective signal preservation for different scattering angles and sample environments. The collaborative structure includes a local shield and a replaceable aperture insert. The multi-stage cascaded dissipation beamblock module can realize multi-level dissipation and operating mode switching, including a main beamblock, a secondary scattering capture ring coaxially set with the main beamblock, a tertiary anti-splash beam trap located at the far end, and a replaceable absorber cartridge for multi-mode switching. The intelligent beam center tracking and drift suppression module compensates for beam center drift in real time.

2. The integrated collimation / beamblock device for dynamic range enhancement and background suppression according to claim 1, characterized in that, The scattering suppression slit / knife edge assembly employs an anti-wedge or double-wedge edge structure, with a knife edge wedge angle. The angle is 3°-15°, the surface roughness RMS is not greater than 0.5μm, and the tip curvature radius is... No larger than 5μm; The absorption / moderating composite liner is a layered composite structure consisting of a boron-containing polyethylene moderating layer and a cadmium absorption layer.

3. The integrated collimation / beamblock device for dynamic range enhancement and background suppression according to claim 2, characterized in that, The local shielding element, in conjunction with the replaceable opening insert, forms a variable scattering angle. The dynamically matched nose cone structure allows for a replaceable opening insert that extends to a position adjacent to the sample, thus defining an effective scattering exit window. .

4. The integrated collimation / beamblock device for dynamic range enhancement and background suppression according to claim 3, characterized in that, The secondary scattering trap ring is a ring-shaped absorber that is independent of and coaxially arranged with the main beam stop, with an inner diameter of Larger than the outer diameter of the main beam barrier The two form a geometric gap ,and mm mm; The three-stage anti-splash beam trap has an aspect ratio of [missing information]. It has a deep cavity structure with an inner wall covered by a microstructured boron carbide or boron-containing polyethylene absorbing layer.

5. A collimation / beamblock device integrating dynamic range enhancement and background suppression according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The intelligent beam-stop center tracking and drift suppression module includes at least a position sensor and a transmission counter located upstream or inside the multi-stage cascaded beam-stop module, a controller for receiving data from the position sensor and transmission counter, and a controller for X / Y / Z triaxial displacement of the multi-stage cascaded beam-stop module. The attitude adjustment actuator, wherein the controller drives the actuator to perform closed-loop compensation based on the calculated deviation between the beam center and the beam center.

6. The integrated collimation / beamblock device for dynamic range enhancement and background suppression according to claim 4, characterized in that, The absorbing materials for the scattering suppression slit / knife-edge assembly and the main beam stop are selected from one or more of the following: boron carbide-enriched isotope-rich ceramics, lithium fluoride crystals, etc. A composite shield consisting of Li silicate glass and embedded Gd / Cd metal foil.

7. The integrated collimation / beamblock device for dynamic range enhancement and background suppression according to claim 5, characterized in that, It can perform scattered signal measurement, beam center closed-loop locking and background suppression. Through a high dynamic measurement method, parameter configuration, self-calibration, closed-loop control, gain switching and data reconstruction are connected in series to ensure measurement stability and availability in the low q region.

8. The integrated collimation / beamblock device for dynamic range enhancement and background suppression according to claim 7, characterized in that, The specific process includes the following steps: S1, Intelligent Configuration of Optical Path and Parameters Determine the momentum transfer range required for the experiment and Automatically calculates collimation aperture, sample-detector distance, and main beam stop size. and geometric gaps Drive the integrated collimation module and the multi-stage cascaded dissipation beam blocking module to the set position; S2, Beam Topology Self-calibration Remove the sample, turn on the position sensor and transmission counter, and map the intensity distribution of the main beam cross section. The initial deviation matrix between the physical beam optical axis and the beam stop mechanical center is obtained. ; S3, Dynamic Closed-Loop Locking According to sampling frequency Perform beam position sampling and calculate real-time offset. ,when Greater than the threshold At that time, the actuator performs reverse compensation; S4, Adaptive Gain Control Monitor the direct beam flux of the transmission counter. When the flux exceeds the preset value, automatically switch the replaceable absorber cartridge to the high attenuation ratio setting or the large size beam configuration. S5, Data Acquisition and Reconstruction Acquire scattering detector signals and real-time beam trajectory Pixel-level mask correction and background subtraction are performed on the scattering image, and the output is... curve.

9. The integrated collimation / beamblock device for dynamic range enhancement and background suppression according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step S3, the real-time offset meets the following condition: ; In step S5, the mask area is dynamically translated according to the real-time trajectory.

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