A backpack type broadband radiation source positioning backpack and a positioning method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a knapsack type wide-band radiation source positioning knapsack and a positioning method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of radio orientation. The knapsack adopts modular design, and a plurality of function modules are integrated through an inner lining plate in the inside of the positioning knapsack main body. A guide head above the positioning knapsack main body is integrated with an Adcock antenna array, a seven-element omnidirectional array and an eight-element directional array, and the three-band antenna arrays operate in cooperation to realize high-sensitivity and high-precision electromagnetic signal receiving and direction finding in a 30MHz-18GHz full-band. Internal signal processing components include a microwave module, a radio frequency transceiver module, a GNSS module, a three-dimensional electronic compass and aluminum heat dissipation teeth, complete signal processing and multi-source data fusion, and output the geographic coordinates of a target radiation source. A power supply component provides overall power supply. The knapsack has the advantages of high mobility, high precision, wide-band adaptability and long endurance, and can be widely applied to radio spectrum monitoring, low-altitude safety guarantee, disaster emergency search and rescue and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of radio direction finding technology, specifically to a backpack-style wideband radiation source positioning backpack and its positioning method. Background Technology

[0002] As the modern electromagnetic environment becomes increasingly complex, tasks such as emergency search and rescue in the field and investigation of radio violations place higher demands on the mobility and portability of radiation source location equipment. Traditional radiation source location systems mostly use fixed stations or vehicle-mounted platforms, which generally suffer from problems such as bulky size and limited deployment, making it difficult to respond quickly and deploy flexibly in complex terrains such as mountains, jungles, or densely populated urban areas. At the same time, while the rapid development of radio technology has significantly improved the performance of direction-finding systems, it has also brought challenges such as increasingly complex system structures and difficulty in improving integration.

[0003] For a long time, the size and weight of equipment have been difficult to reduce, making it difficult to meet the increasingly urgent needs of modern radio management for lightweight, portable direction-finding systems for individual soldiers. While current mainstream portable devices have improved in design and reduced size, they still generally suffer from significant shortcomings such as insufficient positioning accuracy, limited battery life, and weak anti-interference capabilities. Their performance in complex electromagnetic environments is less than satisfactory. Specifically, when facing new radiation sources with high dynamic and transient characteristics, such as illegal drones and unauthorized frequency-hopping radios, these devices often struggle to achieve efficient and accurate acquisition and positioning.

[0004] How to provide a man-portable radiation source positioning device that combines high mobility, high precision, wide frequency band adaptability and long endurance to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies such as inconvenient deployment and limited performance is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a backpack-style wideband radiation source positioning backpack and its positioning method. It adopts a lightweight modular integrated design, has a compact overall structure, can be carried by a single person for extended periods, and is suitable for complex terrain and rapid maneuver mission scenarios.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention proposes a backpack-style broadband radiation source positioning backpack, comprising a positioning backpack body, and:

[0008] The inner lining panel is placed inside the main body of the positioning backpack, serving as a modular integration platform;

[0009] The seeker head is mounted on the top of the positioning backpack via an extension rod. The seeker head integrates an Adcock antenna array, a seven-element omnidirectional array, and an eight-element directional array. The working frequency band covers 30MHz to 18GHz, and it can automatically switch to the corresponding antenna array according to the detected working frequency to receive electromagnetic signals. Adaptive direction finding algorithms are provided for different frequency bands.

[0010] The signal processing component, mounted on the upper part of the inner liner, includes a microwave module, an RF transceiver module, a GNSS module, a three-dimensional electronic compass, and aluminum heat dissipation fins. The microwave module converts, filters, and amplifies the electromagnetic signals received by the seeker head before outputting them to the RF transceiver module. The RF transceiver module synchronously integrates the positioning data from the GNSS module with the device orientation angle from the three-dimensional electronic compass to complete signal processing and data fusion. Each module is cooled by aluminum heat dissipation fins.

[0011] The power supply unit, installed on the lower part of the inner lining plate, is used for power supply.

[0012] Preferably, the extension rod passes through the antenna fixing hole on the upper part of the positioning backpack body and is fixed to the antenna fixing base of the signal processing component.

[0013] Preferably, a radio frequency (RF) cable groove is provided between the guide head and the positioning backpack body, and the RF cable and control cable are placed in the RF cable groove and respectively connected to the RF cable interface and antenna control cable interface on the positioning backpack body.

[0014] Preferably, cooling fans are provided on both sides of the main body of the positioning backpack, and the aluminum heat dissipation teeth and the modules integrated thereon are located within the air duct of the cooling fans.

[0015] Preferably, the side panel of the positioning backpack body is provided with a main switch valve, a network port, a charging port, and an external power supply port; the main switch valve is a three-position structure for switching between internal power supply, external power supply, and power off state.

[0016] Preferably, in the guide head, the 30MHz-500MHz frequency band is switched to the Adcock antenna array, the 500MHz-6GHz frequency band is switched to the seven-element omnidirectional array, and the 6GHz-18GHz frequency band is switched to the eight-element directional array.

[0017] As preferred options, the 30MHz-500MHz band is adapted to the Wattson-Watt direction finding algorithm, the 500MHz-6GHz band is adapted to the amplitude-weighted correlation interferometer direction finding algorithm, and the 6GHz-18GHz band is adapted to the radiance ratio direction finding algorithm.

[0018] Secondly, the present invention proposes a positioning method based on the above-mentioned backpack-style broadband radiation source positioning backpack, comprising the following steps:

[0019] S1 receives electromagnetic signals through the seeker head and identifies the operating frequency of the target radiation source;

[0020] S2, based on the frequency band of the identified operating frequency, automatically switches the corresponding antenna array and the appropriate direction finding algorithm in the seeker head;

[0021] S3: The operator carries the equipment and moves it to multiple locations. The operator obtains the equipment's orientation angle through a three-dimensional electronic compass, the estimated direction of arrival angle through the guide head, and the latitude and longitude of the location through the GNSS module.

[0022] S4, fuses the device orientation angle and the estimated direction of arrival angle into a geographic azimuth angle, and maps it to a plane coordinate system together with the GNSS positioning data;

[0023] S5 establishes a geometric positioning equation based on multi-point observation data and solves for the geographic coordinates of the target radiation source.

[0024] As a preferred embodiment, in S2, the 30MHz-500MHz frequency band uses the Adcock antenna array and the Wattson-Watt direction finding algorithm, the 500MHz-6GHz frequency band uses the seven-element omnidirectional array and the amplitude-weighted correlation interferometer direction finding algorithm, and the 6GHz-18GHz frequency band uses the eight-element directional array and the radiation ratio direction finding algorithm.

[0025] As a preferred option, in S5, the least squares method is used to solve the measurement error and the process is iterated until the error converges to within a preset threshold.

[0026] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0027] This invention provides a lightweight, modular backpack-style wideband radiation source positioning device, featuring an ultra-wide operating frequency band and high-sensitivity, high-precision electromagnetic signal reception, direction finding, and positioning capabilities. Specifically, an inner lining plate serves as a modular integration platform, integrating multiple functional modules within the main body of the positioning backpack. This forms a highly integrated, lightweight structure, with the weight strictly controlled within the load range for sustained single-person carrying. This results in excellent portability and mobility, perfectly overcoming the bulky size and deployment limitations of traditional fixed or vehicle-mounted positioning devices. It can adapt to the rapid response needs of complex terrains such as mountains, jungles, and densely populated urban areas. Through the coordinated operation of three optimized antenna arrays, coupled with high-performance signal processing components and direction-finding algorithms adapted to each frequency band, it can quickly identify, accurately determine direction, and efficiently locate radiation sources in the electromagnetic environment. It can operate stably and continuously during high-intensity tasks, effectively solving the problems of insufficient positioning accuracy and weak anti-interference performance commonly found in existing portable devices.

[0028] This backpack combines excellent environmental adaptability with ease of operation, and can be widely used in scenarios such as radio spectrum monitoring, low-altitude safety assurance, and disaster emergency search and rescue. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is the front view of a backpack-style broadband radiation source positioning backpack;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a rear view of a backpack-style broadband radiation source positioning backpack;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the inner lining plate and the functional modules integrated on it;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the positioning method for a backpack-style broadband radiation source positioning backpack;

[0033] In the diagram: 1-Positioning backpack body, 2-Guide head, 3-Elevation rod, 4-Antenna mounting hole, 5-RF cable channel, 6-Backpack buckle, 7-Cooling fan, 8-Power indicator light, 9-Main switch valve, 10-Network port, 11-Charging interface, 12-External power supply interface, 13-RF cable interface, 14-Antenna control cable interface, 15-Signal processing component, 151-Microwave module, 152-Power supply regulator module, 153-Aluminum heat sink, 154-RF transceiver module, 155-Upright plate, 156-GNSS module, 157-3D electronic compass, 16-Power supply component, 161-Lithium battery pack, 162-Clamping sheet metal part, 163-Limiting bracket, 17-Inner lining plate, 18-Antenna mounting base, 19-Flange bracket. Detailed Implementation

[0034] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0035] This invention provides a backpack-style wideband radiation source positioning backpack, the overall external structure of which is as follows: Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the system includes a positioning backpack body 1, inside which is an inner lining plate 17 serving as a modular integration platform. The inner lining plate 17 is placed inside the positioning backpack body 1 and connected and fixed to the backpack's mounting holes via threads. The shell of the backpack body 1 is reliably secured by backpack buckles 6 located on its upper left and right sides, ensuring the overall structural stability. On this core platform of the inner lining plate 17, three main functional modules are installed: a guidance head 2, a signal processing component 15, and a power supply component 16, which together constitute a complete radiation source positioning system.

[0036] The seeker head 2 is located at the top of the entire device and is raised and mounted on top of the positioning backpack body 1 via an extension rod 3, improving the reliability of signal reception. The lower end of the extension rod 3 passes through the antenna mounting hole 4 on the upper part of the positioning backpack body 1 and is securely fixed to the antenna mounting base 18 specially set on the top of the signal processing component 15 via a support structure with a flange bracket 19 and a threaded connection. This connection structure enhances mechanical stability through the flange bracket 19 and achieves precise positioning of the seeker head and the signal processing core through the antenna mounting base 18. In order to realize communication between the seeker head 2 and the internal components of the backpack, a dedicated radio frequency cable channel 5 is set up. The radio frequency cable and control cable are placed in this radio frequency cable channel 5. These cables are respectively connected to the radio frequency cable interface 13 and the antenna control cable interface 14 fixed on the upper part of the backpack body. The seeker 2 integrates three optimized array antennas, including an Adcock antenna array for low-frequency signals, a seven-element omnidirectional array covering the mid-frequency band, and an eight-element directional array optimized for the high-frequency band. Overall, its operating frequency band covers an ultra-wide range of 30MHz to 18GHz, and it can automatically switch to the most suitable corresponding antenna array according to the detected operating frequency, thereby ensuring high-sensitivity electromagnetic signal reception across the entire frequency band.

[0037] The Adcock antenna array consists of four symmetrical vertical monopoles, utilizing the differential reception principle of diagonal elements to form an "8"-shaped amplitude pattern. This structure is highly sensitive to vertically polarized waves and can effectively suppress horizontal polarization components, thereby eliminating polarization errors caused by ionospheric reflection. The accompanying Watson-Watt algorithm is a classic amplitude-comparison direction-finding system. This algorithm calculates the direction of arrival by determining the amplitude ratio of the difference signals output from two orthogonal channels. The algorithm has low computational complexity and is particularly suitable for processing continuous waves and amplitude-modulated signals in the mid-to-low frequency bands, featuring fast direction-finding response and simple system implementation. The combination of these two technologies still provides engineering-usable directional capabilities for low-frequency communication and broadcast signals.

[0038] The seven-element omnidirectional array employs a circularly symmetrical arrangement of seven antenna elements to achieve omnidirectional, blind-spot-free coverage. Each element possesses excellent amplitude and phase consistency, providing a high-quality spatial sampling basis for the correlation interferometer. The accompanying amplitude-weighted correlation interferometer algorithm focuses on correlation matching between the signal vectors received from multiple channels and a theoretical steering vector library. This algorithm abandons the direct dependence on phase difference in traditional interferometers, instead searching for the direction of arrival by calculating the complex correlation coefficient; simultaneously, it introduces an amplitude weighting factor, assigning greater weight to channels with high signal-to-noise ratios or specific characteristics, thereby effectively suppressing multipath effects and noise interference. This system is particularly suitable for processing broadband signals (such as LTE and 5G) in the 500MHz-6GHz frequency band, possessing significant advantages in both high direction-finding accuracy and strong anti-multipath capability.

[0039] The eight-element directional array utilizes the narrow beam characteristics of high-gain antenna elements to significantly improve the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of high-frequency signals through spatial filtering. The array achieves effective coverage of the monitoring space through specific beam pointing planning. The accompanying amplitude comparison direction-finding algorithm is based on the principle of beam overlap. This algorithm does not rely on phase information but determines the direction of arrival by comparing the amplitude ratio of the signal on adjacent array elements in real time and performing interpolation calculations using a pre-calibrated radiation pattern sample library. This system is particularly suitable for microwave signals in the 6GHz-18GHz frequency band (such as radar and satellite communications), offering significant advantages such as low computational complexity, fast instantaneous response, and simple structure while ensuring high system sensitivity.

[0040] In this embodiment, each antenna array is equipped with a dedicated low-noise amplifier and filter network to effectively suppress out-of-band interference and improve the signal-to-noise ratio of signal reception. The seeker head shell is made of composite electromagnetic materials, which provides necessary electromagnetic shielding while ensuring that the antenna's radiation performance is not affected. It can maintain optimal reception performance in complex electromagnetic environments. Whether dealing with traditional narrowband signals or handling modern broadband, frequency-hopping, and other complex modulation signals, it can provide highly sensitive and reliable reception, laying a solid foundation for subsequent accurate direction finding and positioning.

[0041] The side panel of the main body 1 of the positioning backpack integrates a complete external interface and control system, including a main switch valve 9, a power indicator light 8, a network port 10, a charging port 11, and an external power supply port 12. The main switch valve 9 is configured with a three-position structure, corresponding to three working modes: internal power supply, external power supply, and power off. Operators can flexibly switch between these modes according to task requirements. When the device is powered on, the power indicator light 8 remains constantly lit, indicating that the system is in working or standby mode. When the device is powered off or shut down, the indicator light turns off. In this embodiment, an RJ45 network port is fixed to the left side of the positioning backpack body 1 with screws to realize wired communication between the device and an external display and control device. Through this network port, the operator can view electromagnetic signal spectrum data, system operating status and positioning results in real time on an external terminal. The charging interface 11 connects to the lithium battery pack in the power supply unit to provide charging function for the built-in battery unit. This interface has anti-reverse insertion and overcurrent protection design, which can realize fast charging under the premise of ensuring safety, ensuring that the device has good endurance and emergency power supply guarantee. It is fixed to the left side of the positioning backpack body 1 with screws. The external power supply interface 12 is used to connect to the power voltage regulator module in the signal processing unit to provide external power input for the entire device system. When the device performs a task for a long time or needs to run continuously in a fixed position, it can be connected to an external power source through this interface to achieve long-term stable power supply, thereby effectively extending the continuous working time of the device and improving the reliability of task execution. It is fixed to the left side of the positioning backpack body 1 with screws. To ensure the stability of the system under long-term high load operation, cooling fans 7 are also installed on the left and right sides of the positioning backpack body 1. The air ducts generated by these fans directly cover the functional modules integrated on the signal processing component 15, which can effectively dissipate the heat generated by these modules during operation and prevent the system from degrading in performance or damaging components due to overheating.

[0042] like Figure 3 As shown, the signal processing component 15 is mounted on the upper part of the inner liner plate 17 and serves as the data processing hub of the system. This component is fixedly connected to the inner liner plate 17 via a vertical plate 155. The signal processing component 15 consists of several key sub-modules, including a microwave module 151, a power supply regulator module 152, aluminum heat sinks 153, an RF transceiver module 154, a GNSS module 156, and a three-dimensional electronic compass 157. These sub-modules, such as the microwave module 151, power supply regulator module 152, RF transceiver module 154, GNSS module 156, and three-dimensional electronic compass 157, are all mounted on the upper part of the aluminum heat sink 153 via threaded connections, ensuring full contact and effective heat dissipation during operation. The aluminum heat sink 153 is then fixed to the vertical plate 155 with screws.

[0043] The specific signal processing flow is as follows: The electromagnetic signal from seeker 2 is connected to the input port of microwave module 151 via RF interface 13 and SMA cable; microwave module 151 is responsible for frequency conversion, filtering, and amplification of the signal; the processed signal is then transmitted from the output port of microwave module 151 to the input port of RF transceiver module 154 via SMA cable. RF transceiver module 154 serves as the core processing unit. In this embodiment, ADRV9009 RF transceiver module is used, which not only processes RF signals but also synchronously integrates the current latitude and longitude positioning data of the device provided by GNSS module 156 and the orientation angle and attitude data of the device collected by 3D electronic compass 157. Furthermore, ADRV9009 RF transceiver module also communicates with seeker 2 via antenna control line interface 14 and J30J connection cable to complete the switching control and channel calibration of seeker 2. Finally, the processed and fused data is transmitted to RJ45 network port via J30J connection cable to achieve communication with external display and control equipment for real-time viewing by operators.

[0044] The power supply component 16 is installed at the lower part of the inner liner plate 17 and is responsible for providing energy to the entire system. This power supply component 16 houses a lithium battery pack 161, which is fixed to the inner liner plate 17 by a precision mechanical structure. Specifically, the lithium battery pack 161 is fixed vertically and horizontally by a clamp sheet metal part 162, and horizontally by a limiting bracket 163. Both the clamp sheet metal part 162 and the limiting bracket 163 are threaded to the inner liner plate 17, forming a holistically stable installation structure that effectively prevents components from loosening during operation. The lithium battery pack 161 inside the power supply component 16 is connected to the input terminal of the power supply voltage regulator module 152. The core function of the power supply voltage regulator module 152 is to stably convert the 24V voltage output from the lithium battery pack 161 into two compatible voltages: 5V and 12V, providing continuous and stable power to the seeker head 2, microwave module 151, and RF transceiver module 154, ensuring the stable performance of each electrical component.

[0045] like Figure 4 As shown, the working method of this backpack-style broadband radiation source positioning backpack is as follows:

[0046] (1) Start the main switch 9 on the side panel. When carrying the device, it is powered by the internal lithium battery pack 161. If used in a fixed position or on a vehicle platform, it can be connected to an external power supply through the external power supply interface 12. After the device is powered on, the power indicator 8 lights up, the cooling fan 7 runs, and the entire device is working normally, entering the radiation source positioning process. The operator can then use the accompanying software to observe the environmental electromagnetic spectrum distribution in real time through the RJ45 network port.

[0047] (2) During operation, the seeker 2 utilizes its internally integrated three-layer composite antenna array to achieve wide-area coverage and real-time acquisition of electromagnetic signals across the entire frequency band within the monitoring area. The acquired radio frequency analog signal undergoes frequency conversion, filtering, and amplification by the microwave module 151, and is then input to the ADRV9009 radio frequency transceiver module for digital sampling processing to obtain the corresponding time-domain IQ data. In one embodiment, the system performs spectrum analysis processing on the IQ data, converting the time-domain signal into frequency-domain amplitude spectrum data that reflects the energy distribution characteristics of the signal. The generated spectrum data is transmitted to the display control terminal via the RJ45 network port. Based on the energy peak characteristics in the spectrum diagram, the system automatically identifies and marks suspicious radiation signals with abnormal spikes by comparing them with the background noise base or a preset signal template, thereby achieving real-time panoramic scanning and early warning of the surrounding electromagnetic environment.

[0048] Once a radiation source signal is detected, the device immediately analyzes it, extracts and determines the operating frequency of the radiation source to be located. Based on the identified frequency, the antenna array within seeker 2 is automatically switched to the optimal frequency band and the corresponding optimized direction-finding algorithm is invoked to ensure the best matching effect of the receiving channel, preparing for subsequent accurate angle estimation. Specifically, the 30MHz-500MHz band uses an Adcock antenna array and the Wattson-Watt direction-finding algorithm, the 500MHz-6GHz band uses a seven-element omnidirectional array and an amplitude-weighted correlation interferometer direction-finding algorithm, and the 6GHz-18GHz band uses an eight-element directional array and a radiation ratio direction-finding algorithm.

[0049] (3) The operator carries the equipment and moves along a preset path to conduct multi-point observations. The system simultaneously acquires three key datasets: first, the equipment orientation angle obtained through the three-dimensional electronic compass 157; second, the estimated direction of arrival angle calculated by the array antenna inside the seeker head 2; and third, the current latitude and longitude information of the equipment obtained through the GNSS module 156. The equipment orientation angle and the estimated direction of arrival angle are fused and uniformly converted into the geographic azimuth coordinate system, and the latitude and longitude information provided by GNSS is mapped to the plane XY coordinate system. Based on these multi-point observation data, the position equation is established using the geometric intersection principle, and the measurement error is optimally estimated using the least squares method. The target coordinates are iteratively corrected until the error meets the convergence condition, and finally the geographic coordinates (longitude and latitude) of the target radiation source are output, completing the entire positioning task.

[0050] For example, during the positioning process, operators carry equipment and move along a preset path to observe the target radiation source at multiple geographical locations. At each observation point... The system simultaneously collects three key datasets: the latitude and longitude coordinates of the device obtained through the GNSS module. Orientation angle measured by a three-dimensional electronic compass And the estimated direction-of-arrival angle calculated by the seeker array antenna. .

[0051] These raw data need to undergo coordinate system unification preprocessing. First, a unified reference coordinate system is established: with geographic north as the zero-degree reference direction and clockwise as the positive angle direction; a Cartesian coordinate system is established based on the area where the equipment is located, with the positive X-axis pointing to geographic east and the positive Y-axis pointing to geographic north. Based on this definition, the geographic latitude and longitude coordinates are... Convert to a Cartesian coordinate system through map projection transformation. At the same time, orient the device at an angle. Angle estimation with direction of arrival By performing fusion, the true azimuth of the incoming wave relative to geographic north is calculated. This ensures that all observation data are processed in a unified coordinate system.

[0052] The basic principle of geometric intersection positioning is to determine the target location by using the intersection of multiple direction lines. For each observation point i, a direction line equation can be established.

[0053]

[0054] in, It is the target azimuth angle measured at the i-th observation point.

[0055] Rearrange the equation into linear form:

[0056]

[0057] For n observation points, n such equations can be established, forming an overdetermined system of equations. Due to measurement errors, these n equations typically lack exact solutions, meaning that all direction lines will not intersect at a single point. Faced with this overdetermined system of equations, this invention employs the least squares method for optimal estimation, representing the system of equations in matrix form for solution. The solution process essentially involves finding an estimated target location that minimizes the sum of the squares of the orthogonal distances from that point to each direction line, thus providing the most probable target location in a statistical sense. An iterative correction strategy is used until the change in target location between two iterations is less than a preset threshold and the maximum residual is less than an angle threshold. At this point, the calculation is considered converged, and the geographic coordinates of the target radiation source are output. Those skilled in the art can also implement this solution using other methods.

[0058] The backpack of this invention operates in a frequency band from 30 MHz to 18 GHz. Relying on the coordinated operation of a three-band antenna array, it achieves high-sensitivity and high-precision electromagnetic signal reception and direction finding across the entire frequency band. Operators only need to use the accompanying spectrum monitoring software to observe the environmental electromagnetic spectrum distribution in real time, quickly identify, accurately determine, and locate target radiation sources, providing reliable data support for subsequent multi-scenario applications.

[0059] The above examples are merely specific embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments and many variations are possible. All variations that can be directly derived or conceived by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present invention should be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A backpack-style wideband radiation source positioning backpack, comprising a positioning backpack body (1), characterized in that, Also includes: The inner lining panel (17) is placed inside the main body of the positioning backpack (1) as a modular integration platform; The guide head (2) is installed on the top of the positioning backpack body (1) via an extension rod (3). The guide head (2) integrates an Adcock antenna array, a seven-element omnidirectional array and an eight-element directional array. The working frequency band covers 30MHz to 18GHz. It can automatically switch to the corresponding antenna array according to the detected working frequency band to receive electromagnetic signals. Adaptive direction finding algorithms are provided for different frequency bands. The signal processing component (15), mounted on the upper part of the inner liner plate, includes a microwave module (151), an RF transceiver module (154), a GNSS module (156), a three-dimensional electronic compass (157), and aluminum heat dissipation fins (153). The microwave module (151) converts, filters, and amplifies the electromagnetic signal received by the seeker (2) and outputs it to the RF transceiver module (154). The RF transceiver module (154) synchronously integrates the positioning data of the GNSS module (156) and the device orientation angle of the three-dimensional electronic compass (157) to complete signal processing and data fusion. Each module dissipates heat through the aluminum heat dissipation fins (153). The power supply component (16) is installed on the lower part of the inner lining plate and is used for power supply.

2. The backpack-style wideband radiation source positioning backpack according to claim 1, characterized in that, The extension rod (3) passes through the antenna fixing hole (4) on the upper part of the positioning backpack body (1) and is fixed to the antenna fixing base (18) of the signal processing component (15).

3. The backpack-style broadband radiation source positioning backpack according to claim 1, characterized in that, A radio frequency cable groove (5) is provided between the guide head (2) and the positioning backpack body (1). The radio frequency cable and the control cable are placed in the radio frequency cable groove (5) and are respectively connected to the radio frequency cable interface (13) and the antenna control cable interface (14) on the positioning backpack body (1).

4. The backpack-style broadband radiation source positioning backpack according to claim 1, characterized in that, The positioning backpack body (1) is provided with cooling fans (7) on both sides, and the aluminum heat dissipation teeth (153) and the modules integrated on them are located within the air duct of the cooling fans (7).

5. The backpack-style broadband radiation source positioning backpack according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main body (1) of the positioning backpack is provided with a main switch valve (9), a network port (10), a charging port (11) and an external power supply port (12) on its side plate; the main switch valve (9) is a three-position structure for switching between internal power supply, external power supply and power off state.

6. The backpack-style broadband radiation source positioning backpack according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the guidance head, the 30MHz-500MHz frequency band is switched to the Adcock antenna array, the 500MHz-6GHz frequency band is switched to the seven-element omnidirectional array, and the 6GHz-18GHz frequency band is switched to the eight-element directional array.

7. The backpack-style broadband radiation source positioning backpack according to claim 6, characterized in that, The 30MHz-500MHz band is adapted to the Wattson-Watt direction finding algorithm, the 500MHz-6GHz band is adapted to the amplitude-weighted correlation interferometer direction finding algorithm, and the 6GHz-18GHz band is adapted to the radiance ratio direction finding algorithm.

8. A positioning method based on the backpack-type broadband radiation source positioning backpack as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1, receives electromagnetic signals through the seeker (2) and identifies the operating frequency of the target radiation source; S2, based on the frequency band of the identified working frequency, automatically switch the corresponding antenna array and the adapted direction finding algorithm in the seeker (2); S3, the operator carries the equipment and moves it, obtaining the equipment orientation angle at multiple points through the three-dimensional electronic compass (157), obtaining the estimated direction of arrival angle through the guide head (2), and obtaining the latitude and longitude of the point through the GNSS module (156); S4, fuses the device orientation angle and the estimated direction of arrival angle into a geographic azimuth angle, and maps it to a plane coordinate system together with the GNSS positioning data; S5 establishes a geometric positioning equation based on multi-point observation data and solves for the geographic coordinates of the target radiation source.

9. The positioning method of the backpack-type broadband radiation source positioning backpack according to claim 8, characterized in that, In S2, the 30MHz-500MHz frequency band uses the Adcock antenna array and the Wattson-Watt direction finding algorithm, the 500MHz-6GHz frequency band uses a seven-element omnidirectional array and an amplitude-weighted correlation interferometer direction finding algorithm, and the 6GHz-18GHz frequency band uses an eight-element directional array and a radiation ratio direction finding algorithm.

10. The positioning method of the backpack-type broadband radiation source positioning backpack according to claim 8, characterized in that, In S5, the least squares method is used to solve the measurement error and iterates continuously until the error converges to within the preset threshold.

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