Highway service area carbon emission estimation system and method based on double-layer model fusion

Abstract

The application provides a highway service area carbon emission calculation system and method based on double-layer model fusion, which realizes the accurate quantification of service area carbon emission by constructing a "top-down" and "bottom-up" double-layer model fusion calculation framework. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining and preprocessing multi-source energy consumption data such as electricity and gas; classifying carbon emission sources into direct emission (fossil energy) and indirect emission (secondary energy), constructing a bill of quantities and calculating carbon emission factors; based on the LMDI decomposition model and device-level energy consumption accounting, sub-models are established respectively, the calculation results are fused by weighted average strategy, and finally the total emission is obtained by including the green land carbon sink factor. The system includes data acquisition, analysis and processing, and calculation modules, which can adapt to the spatio-temporal dynamic changes of power grid carbon emission factors and provide data support for service area low-carbon management. The application has adaptability and scalability, and can effectively improve the carbon emission calculation precision.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of carbon emission calculation technology, and in particular to a system and method for calculating carbon emissions from highway service areas based on a two-layer model fusion. Background Technology

[0002] Driven by the global goal of carbon neutrality, the transportation industry, as the third largest source of carbon emissions after energy supply and industrial production, has made low-carbon transformation a key path to achieving the "dual carbon" goals. According to data jointly released by the China Statistical Yearbook and the International Energy Agency (IEA), my country's total energy consumption in the transportation sector has shown exponential growth over the past seven years, with an average annual compound growth rate exceeding 12.8%. Among this, energy consumption during the operation of highways accounts for 20%-30% of the total life-cycle energy consumption, forming a significant structural carbon lock-in effect. As a core node of the highway network, service areas handle tens of thousands of traffic flows daily. Their multi-source heterogeneous energy systems (including fuel supply, electricity supply, and heating) exhibit typical three-dimensional energy consumption characteristics: energy consumption intensity is 47%-63% higher than that of ordinary commercial complexes, daily operating hours exceed 18 hours, and functional complexity covers seven major business formats including catering, accommodation, energy replenishment, and logistics warehousing. This leads to technical bottlenecks in carbon emission accounting, such as ambiguous boundaries, complex factors, and difficulties in dynamic tracking.

[0003] The existing technology system has three limitations: First, traditional carbon accounting methods mostly focus on carbon emissions during the construction phase of material production and construction, and lack effective means to characterize the carbon metabolism process of dynamic open systems such as service areas during the operation phase; second, although existing studies have attempted to build carbon performance evaluation models for transportation infrastructure, they generally suffer from the methodological defect of "emphasizing assessment over calculation" and have failed to establish a quantitative model that covers the coupling effects of multiple factors; third, existing technical standards do not adequately consider the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of energy structure in service areas and have not yet formed a dynamic accounting system that is compatible with new power systems.

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical challenges, there is an urgent need to break through the traditional static accounting paradigm and construct a new carbon emission measurement system that encompasses multi-dimensional spatiotemporal characteristics, full-chain energy tracking, and dynamic coupling of business models. This system will provide a scientific tool for carbon asset management in highway service areas and support the innovative development of precise carbon reduction technologies in the transportation sector. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The embodiments of the present invention provide a system and method for calculating carbon emissions from highway service areas based on a two-layer model fusion, which is used to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution.

[0007] A carbon emission measurement system for highway service areas based on dual-layer model fusion is characterized by including a data acquisition module, an analysis and processing module, and a measurement module. The data acquisition module is used to: acquire various energy consumption data and related basic data during the operation period of highway service areas, and perform data preprocessing; The analysis and processing module is used to: classify the data output by the data acquisition module according to direct carbon emissions and indirect carbon emissions, and construct a bill of quantities for the operation period of highway service areas; and calculate the carbon emission characteristic factors of each carbon emission source based on the data characteristics and calculation requirements of the bill of quantities for the operation period of highway service areas. The calculation module is used to: construct a first carbon emission calculation sub-model using a top-down approach and a second carbon emission calculation sub-model using a bottom-up approach; and obtain the total carbon emissions by weighted averaging and fusion of the first and second carbon emission calculation sub-models, combined with carbon sink factors. Total carbon emissions are used for energy consumption optimization of various facilities in highway service areas.

[0008] Preferably, the execution process of the data acquisition module specifically includes: The data acquisition unit is used to collect various energy consumption data and related basic data during the operation of the service area, including the number of charging piles and the power of street lights; The data cleaning and format conversion unit is used to clean the collected data, remove records with key missing fields, and standardize the data format. The data matching and association unit is used to classify, match, and associate the cleaned and converted data according to the purpose and location of the energy-consuming equipment.

[0009] Preferably, the execution process of the analysis and processing module specifically includes: The carbon emission source classification unit is used to classify the carbon emissions of various equipment in the service area according to direct carbon emissions and indirect carbon emissions; The bill of quantities construction unit is used to construct the bill of quantities for the operation period of highway service areas, identify major energy-consuming items and quantify the quantities of the works. The carbon emission factor calculation unit is used to calculate the carbon emission characteristic factors of each carbon emission source, including the power grid carbon emission factor and other energy carbon emission factors.

[0010] Preferably, the measurement module specifically includes: The top-down calculation submodule is used to construct the first carbon emission calculation sub-model based on the LMDI decomposition model. It calculates carbon emissions by considering the dynamics of the electricity carbon emission factor and obtains the first calculation result. The bottom-up calculation submodule is used to build a second carbon emission calculation sub-model based on the equipment-level accounting model. It calculates the carbon emission of various equipment according to the actual carbon emission sources and obtains the second calculation result. The weighted fusion submodule is used to fuse the first and second calculation results based on a weighted average strategy, and combine them with the carbon sink factor to obtain the total carbon emissions; the weights are adjusted according to the data reliability and model accuracy.

[0011] Preferably, the top-down calculation submodule constructs a first carbon emission calculation submodel based on the LMDI decomposition model, and calculates carbon emissions by considering the dynamics of the electricity carbon emission factor, and the process of obtaining the first calculation result specifically includes: Through

[0012] Construct a carbon emission calculation model for highway service areas; where: CO2 emissions from highway service areas For the first Physical quantity of energy consumed at the end of the energy supply; No. Energy carbon emission factors; For the first The average lower heating value of this type of energy; For the first Carbon content per unit of calorific value of a type of energy; For the first Carbon oxidation rate of energy sources; constant The coefficient representing the conversion of carbon into carbon dioxide; Through

[0013] Construct the extended Kaya identity; where: For the first Carbon emissions from various energy sources; For the first Energy consumption; Total energy consumption; The service volume of the service area; The number of days the service area operates; This refers to the actual number of days the service area was in operation. make , , , Through the formula

[0014] The carbon emission calculation model for highway service areas is transformed; where: For the first The carbon emission intensity of a type of energy, i.e., energy structure factors; For the first The proportion of energy consumption in total energy consumption; Energy consumption per unit of service provided; The volume of services provided per unit of time; This refers to the actual number of days the service area operates throughout the year, i.e., the operating time factor. Decompose the changes in carbon emissions between the two comparative years: The carbon emissions of highway service areas during this period are The base period carbon emissions were Through the formula

[0015] Calculate the difference in carbon emissions between the reporting period and the base period; where: This represents the change in carbon emissions. For the first The first type of energy Annual carbon emissions For the first The base year carbon emissions of this energy source; , , , , The decomposition terms of each influencing factor are obtained by the following formula:

[0016] Through

[0017] The decomposition results of energy structure effect, energy intensity effect, service energy efficiency effect, service scale effect and operating time effect are calculated. The bottom-up calculation submodule constructs a second carbon emission calculation submodel based on the equipment-level accounting model. It calculates carbon emissions from various types of equipment according to actual carbon emission sources, and the specific process for obtaining the second calculation result includes: Through

[0018] Calculate the total consumption of liquefied petroleum gas and natural gas; where: This represents the total consumption of liquefied petroleum gas in the catering area. As a carbon emission factor for liquefied petroleum gas, This represents the total natural gas consumption in the dining area. Carbon emission factor of natural gas; Through

[0019] Calculate the carbon emissions of an emergency generator; where: This represents the total number of times the emergency generator was started during the operation period. The rated power of the emergency generator. For the first Runtime of each startup This refers to the fuel consumption rate per unit power of the emergency generator. Carbon emission factors for diesel fuel; Through

[0020] Calculate the power consumption of the service area lighting system; where: For the number of lighting areas, For lighting power density, The area of ​​public areas in the service area where lighting systems are applied, For the duration of illumination, For the area illuminated by emergency lights in the service area, For emergency lighting power density, Carbon emission factor of power grid; Through

[0021] Calculate the energy consumption of the air conditioning system in the service area and the energy consumption per unit building area; where: The energy consumption per unit building area of ​​the air conditioning system in the service area. The area of ​​public areas in the service area where air conditioning systems are applied. The first [unit of building area with energy consumption lower than the sample data mean] Energy consumption per sample service area This refers to the number of service areas whose building area energy consumption is lower than the average of the energy consumption sample data. For the first Energy consumption per unit building area of ​​each service area The number of energy consumption samples representing the top 25% of buildings with the lowest energy consumption per unit area; Through

[0022] Calculate the power consumption of the charging pile equipment; where: The total number of vehicles charging. For the first The power of each charging station For the first Vehicle charging time; Through

[0023] Calculate the wastewater treatment volume and the electricity consumption and carbon emissions of wastewater treatment equipment; where: The total power of the wastewater treatment equipment. Average daily runtime; Through

[0024] Calculate the total heat consumption of the heating system; where: The total heat consumption is measured by a heat meter. Thermal carbon emission factor; Through

[0025] Calculate the total carbon emissions of a highway service area during its operating period; where: This refers to the green area of ​​the service area during the statistical period. Carbon sink factors for plants in the service area; The weighted fusion submodule, which fuses the first and second calculation results based on a weighted average strategy and combines them with the carbon sink factor to derive the total carbon emissions, specifically includes the following steps: Carbon emission calculation results obtained from the top-down approach Carbon emission calculation results obtained based on bottom-up methods The formula for weighted average

[0026] Calculate the final total carbon emissions of the service area; where: and The weights for the top-down and bottom-up methods are respectively, and .

[0027] Secondly, the present invention provides a method for calculating carbon emissions from highway service areas based on a two-layer model fusion, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Obtain various energy consumption data and related basic data during the operation period of the highway service area, and perform data preprocessing; Step 2: Classify the data obtained in Step 1 into direct and indirect carbon emissions, and construct a bill of quantities for the operation period of highway service areas; calculate the carbon emission characteristic factors of each carbon emission source based on the data characteristics and calculation requirements of the bill of quantities for the operation period of highway service areas. Step 3: Construct the first carbon emission measurement sub-model using a top-down approach and the second carbon emission measurement sub-model using a bottom-up approach; obtain the total carbon emissions by weighted averaging and merging the first and second carbon emission measurement sub-models and combining them with the carbon sink factor.

[0028] As can be seen from the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention above, the present invention provides a carbon emission measurement system and method for highway service areas based on a two-layer model fusion. By constructing a measurement framework that integrates "top-down" and "bottom-up" two-layer models, it achieves accurate quantification of carbon emissions in service areas. The method includes: acquiring and preprocessing multi-source energy consumption data such as electricity and gas; classifying carbon emission sources into direct emissions (fossil fuels) and indirect emissions (secondary energy), constructing an engineering quantity list and calculating carbon emission factors; establishing sub-models based on the LMDI decomposition model and equipment-level energy consumption accounting, fusing the measurement results through a weighted average strategy, and finally incorporating the green space carbon sink factor to obtain the total emissions. The system includes data acquisition, analysis and processing, and measurement modules, and can adapt to the spatiotemporal dynamic changes of power grid carbon emission factors, providing data support for low-carbon management of service areas. The present invention is both adaptable and scalable, effectively improving the accuracy of carbon emission measurement. Furthermore, it improves measurement efficiency and saves computing power.

[0029] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and will become apparent from the description or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0030] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0031] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the system architecture for the highway service area carbon emission measurement system based on two-layer model fusion provided by the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram illustrating the workflow of the highway service area carbon emission measurement system based on two-layer model fusion provided by the present invention; Figure 3A schematic diagram illustrating the execution process of the inventory analysis method for the highway service area carbon emission measurement system based on two-layer model fusion provided by the present invention; Figure 4 The spatiotemporal characteristic analysis diagram of the carbon emission factor of my country's regional power grid baseline is obtained through calculation in a preferred embodiment of the highway service area carbon emission measurement system based on two-layer model fusion provided by the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0032] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0033] Those skilled in the art will understand that, unless specifically stated otherwise, the singular forms “a,” “an,” “the,” and “the” used herein may also include the plural forms. It should be further understood that the term “comprising” as used in this specification means the presence of the stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof. It should be understood that when we say an element is “connected” or “coupled” to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to the other element, or there may be intermediate elements. Furthermore, “connected” or “coupled” as used herein can include wireless connections or couplings. The term “and / or” as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0034] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. It should also be understood that terms such as those defined in general dictionaries should be understood to have the same meaning as in the context of the prior art, and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless defined as herein.

[0035] To facilitate understanding of the embodiments of the present invention, the following will provide further explanation and description with reference to the accompanying drawings and several specific embodiments. These embodiments do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of the present invention.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] See Figure 1 This invention provides a carbon emission measurement system for highway service areas based on a two-layer model fusion, comprising: Data Acquisition Module: This module acquires various energy consumption data and related basic data during the operation of highway service areas, such as the number of charging piles and street light power. The acquired data undergoes preprocessing, including data cleaning and format conversion, before being matched and correlated with different data types.

[0038] Analysis and Processing Module: This module categorizes carbon emissions from various equipment within the service area into direct and indirect carbon emissions, constructing a bill of quantities for the highway service area's operational phase. Based on the data characteristics and calculation requirements of this bill of quantities, it calculates the carbon emission characteristic factors for each emission source.

[0039] Calculation module: The first carbon emission calculation sub-model is constructed using a top-down approach, and the second carbon emission calculation sub-model is constructed using a bottom-up approach. The total carbon emissions are obtained by weighted averaging and fusion of the outputs of the first and second carbon emission calculation sub-models, combined with the carbon sink factor.

[0040] A visualization output module can also be set up to visualize the working process of the above three modules and the final total carbon emissions.

[0041] The final carbon emission figures are used for energy allocation in highway service areas for building facilities, service equipment, and energy supply facilities, optimizing carbon emissions while ensuring normal energy consumption.

[0042] In this embodiment, the above-described system is used to implement a method for calculating carbon emissions from highway service areas based on a two-layer model fusion. The steps include: First, we collect data on the usage of various energy consumption data during the operation of highway service areas, as well as basic information data of service areas. We then perform preprocessing operations such as cleaning and normalization on the collected data and match and associate various energy consumption data with corresponding time, region and other information. Secondly, the carbon emission sources in the service area are divided into direct and indirect carbon emission sources. Based on the characteristics of different carbon emission sources, different types of carbon emission datasets are constructed, and the carbon emission characteristic factors of each carbon emission source are calculated. Finally, direct carbon emission measurement sub-models and indirect carbon emission measurement sub-models are constructed respectively. Based on the calculation results of the sub-models fused by the weighted summation strategy, a carbon emission measurement model for highway service areas based on the fusion of two-layer models is constructed, and the total carbon emissions of highway service areas during the operation period are output.

[0043] The total carbon emissions obtained during the operation of highway service areas will be used for energy management of highway service areas.

[0044] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, data preprocessing includes: removing records with missing key fields, data format conversion, etc. Energy consumption data is evaluated for errors based on basic rules, and if errors are confirmed, the data is removed from the dataset. Optionally, database matching is performed using index fields of the data table. The rules for judging the reasonableness of energy consumption data are shown in Table 1 below.

[0045] Table 1 Rules for Judging the Reasonableness of Energy Consumption Data

[0046] When matching and associating various types of data, they are categorized according to the purpose and location of energy-consuming equipment. For example, the gas consumption data of cooking equipment in the catering area is associated with the catering area itself, and solar photovoltaic power generation and vegetation greening are associated with carbon emission reduction pathways.

[0047] In the preferred embodiment provided by the present invention, the bill of quantities analysis and carbon emission factor calculation mainly include two steps: S1: Carbon emission source classification and dataset construction: Construction bill of quantities for building service areas.

[0048] Define the scope of analysis: Comprehensively review all facilities and activities involved in the operation of highway service areas, covering building facilities, service equipment, and energy supply facilities. Identify major energy-consuming items: For each facility and activity, identify its main energy consumption types and methods. Quantify the workload: Quantify the workload of each energy-consuming item through on-site measurements, review of design documents and operational records, etc. Specific steps for inventory analysis are as follows: Figure 3 As shown.

[0049] Carbon emissions from highway service areas during operation can be categorized into two main types: direct and indirect carbon emissions. Direct carbon emissions are from fossil fuel consumption, such as liquefied petroleum gas, diesel, and natural gas, used in equipment like cooking stoves and emergency generators in the dining area. Indirect carbon emissions are from secondary energy consumption, such as electricity and heat. Electricity consumption is concentrated in equipment operating across multiple areas, including shopping malls, restaurants, and gas stations, while heat consumption is primarily found in the heating system. A detailed classification of carbon emissions during the operation of highway service areas is shown in Table 2.

[0050] Table 2. Classification of carbon emission sources during the operation phase of highway service areas

[0051] S2: Calculation of carbon emission characteristic factors: This is divided into two parts: power grid carbon emission factors and other energy carbon emission factors. For the power grid carbon emission factors, it is necessary to collect power grid data from all provinces in China for 2025, establish a power grid carbon emission factor table, and select the corresponding power grid carbon emission factors based on the location of the service area, as shown in Table 3.

[0052] Table 3 Carbon Emission Factors of Power Grids in Various Provinces of China in 2025

[0053] Other energy carbon emission factors, including carbon emission factors from fossil fuels and energy sources related to water supply and heating services, are presented in Table 4.

[0054] Table 4 Other Energy Carbon Emission Factors During Service Area Operation

[0055] Analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of power grid emission factors, such as Figure 4 As shown, the spatiotemporal characteristics of the regional power grid baseline carbon emission factor exhibit two features: in the time dimension, due to the improvement of technology, the carbon emission factor of electricity shows a downward trend year by year; in the spatial dimension, the carbon emission factor of electricity exhibits obvious regional heterogeneity, and is affected by factors such as the power production structure and the development level of regional economies, showing that the carbon emission factor of the northern region is generally more regional than that of the southern region.

[0056] The construction of a carbon emission measurement sub-model based on a top-down approach mainly involves two steps: First, establishing a carbon emission measurement model for highway service areas during their operation period using a top-down approach, while also considering the dynamic nature of electricity carbon emission factors. Second, analyzing the relevant factors influencing carbon emissions from highway service areas by constructing an LMDI decomposition model that considers the internal mechanisms of the transportation system and the socio-economic background.

[0057] S1: Top-down carbon emission calculation sub-model for highway service area operation period: The top-down method is used to construct the carbon emission calculation model for highway service areas to make the research results more accurate, as shown in the following formula.

[0058]

[0059] In the formula, CO2 emissions from highway service areas For the first Physical quantity of energy consumed at the end of the energy supply; No. Energy carbon emission factors; For the first The average lower heating value of this type of energy; No. Carbon content per unit of calorific value of a type of energy; For the first Carbon oxidation rate of energy sources; constant The coefficient representing the conversion of carbon into carbon dioxide is the ratio of the relative molecular mass of carbon dioxide to the relative atomic mass of carbon.

[0060] S2: Analysis of factors affecting carbon emissions from highway service areas.

[0061] Carbon emissions from highway service areas are decomposed using the LMDI (Logarithmic Mean Dichotomy) model. The decomposition is performed in an additive form, and the extended Kaya identity is constructed first, as shown below:

[0062] In the formula, For the first Carbon emissions from various energy sources; For the first Energy consumption; Total energy consumption; The service volume of the service area; The number of days the service area operates; This refers to the actual number of days the service area was in operation.

[0063] make , , , The decomposition model of carbon emissions from highway service areas is shown in the following formula, where factors such as the production efficiency and industry development of the transportation sector can characterize the carbon emission factors of the transportation system itself:

[0064] In the formula, For the first The carbon emission intensity of a type of energy, i.e., energy structure factors; For the first The proportion of energy consumption of this type to total energy consumption, i.e., the energy intensity factor; Energy consumption per unit of service provided, i.e., service intensity factor; This refers to the volume of services provided per unit of time, i.e., the service scale factor. This refers to the actual number of days the service area operates throughout the year, i.e., the operating time factor.

[0065] Decompose the changes in carbon emissions between the two comparative years: The carbon emissions of highway service areas during this period are The base period carbon emissions were The difference in carbon emissions between the reporting period and the base period is shown in the following formula, and further mathematical derivation can be made:

[0066] In the formula, This represents the change in carbon emissions. For the first The first type of energy Annual carbon emissions For the first The base year carbon emissions of this energy source; , , , , This is an additive decomposition of each influencing factor.

[0067]

[0068] Therefore, the decomposition results of the energy structure effect, energy intensity effect, service energy efficiency effect, service scale effect, and operating time effect are shown in the following formula.

[0069]

[0070] Specifically, step S30 includes: for the operation period of highway service areas, based on the "bottom-up" method, taking the actual carbon emission sources in the service area as the accounting unit, calculating the carbon emission of each type of carbon emission source according to the classification of carbon emission sources in the operation phase of highway service areas in Table 2, and finally summing them up to obtain the carbon emission of the highway service area during the operation period, while also considering the impact of carbon reduction measures such as carbon sinks on the service area.

[0071] S1: Carbon emission accounting for fossil energy consumption.

[0072] The cooking stoves and other equipment in the service area's dining area primarily consume liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and natural gas, and their consumption can be directly obtained through gas meters. The total consumption of LPG and natural gas for the cooking stoves and other equipment in the dining area is calculated using the following formula:

[0073] In the formula, This represents the total consumption of liquefied petroleum gas in the catering area. As a carbon emission factor for liquefied petroleum gas, This represents the total natural gas consumption in the dining area. It is a carbon emission factor for natural gas.

[0074] To address the special circumstances of temporary power outages in service areas, highway service areas are equipped with emergency power generation equipment to provide timely support for various electrical facilities. Emergency generators primarily consume diesel fuel; the rated power and power-to-fuel ratio vary for each generator, and specific data can be obtained from the service area management center. For emergency generators, diesel consumption is calculated based on their operating time, power output, and fuel consumption ratio, thereby determining carbon emissions.

[0075] In the formula, This represents the total number of times the emergency generator was started during the operation period. The rated power of the emergency generator. For the first Runtime of each startup This refers to the fuel consumption rate per unit power of the emergency generator. This refers to the carbon emission factor of diesel fuel.

[0076] S2: Carbon emission accounting for secondary energy consumption.

[0077] To better serve travelers, service areas typically install lighting systems in shopping malls, restaurants, parking lots, and other areas. When designing the lighting, attention should be paid to both illuminance and lighting power, and light sources with long lifespans and high brightness should be selected. The power consumption of service area lighting systems can usually be calculated using lighting power density, as shown in the following formula.

[0078]

[0079] In the formula, For the number of lighting areas, For lighting power density, The area of ​​public areas in the service area where lighting systems are applied, For the duration of illumination, For the area illuminated by emergency lights in the service area, For emergency lighting power density, This is a carbon emission factor for the power grid.

[0080] The energy consumption of air systems in highway service areas exhibits significant seasonality, with differences in electrical energy requirements between the air-conditioning season and the non-air-conditioning season. The electrical energy consumed by air-conditioning equipment can be calculated separately for the air-conditioning season and the non-air-conditioning season, primarily based on historical data provided by relevant departments to obtain the energy consumption per unit building area (for newly built service areas, data from similar service areas can be referenced). The formulas for calculating the energy consumption of the service area's air-conditioning system and the energy consumption per unit building area are as follows.

[0081]

[0082] In the formula, The energy consumption per unit building area of ​​the air conditioning system in the service area. The area of ​​public areas in the service area where air conditioning systems are applied. The first [unit of building area with energy consumption lower than the sample data mean] Energy consumption per sample service area This refers to the number of service areas whose building area energy consumption is lower than the average of the energy consumption sample data. For the first Energy consumption per unit building area of ​​each service area This represents the energy consumption sample size of the top 25% of buildings with the lowest energy consumption per unit area.

[0083] Highway service areas are equipped with charging stations for passing vehicles. The power consumption of the charging station equipment is calculated based on the charging station power, the number of vehicles charging, and the charging time for each vehicle.

[0084]

[0085] In the formula, The total number of vehicles charging. For the first The power of each charging station For the first Vehicle charging time.

[0086] Highway service areas serve a large number of passengers stopping daily, generating significant amounts of wastewater. Wastewater treatment equipment costs are calculated based on its power capacity and average daily operating time.

[0087]

[0088] In the formula, The total power (kW) of the wastewater treatment equipment. This represents the average daily operating time (h). Total carbon emissions from electricity consumption are:

[0089] For thermal heating systems, calculations are based on the total heat consumption.

[0090]

[0091] In the formula, The total heat consumption is measured by a heat meter. It is a thermal carbon emission factor.

[0092] S3: Total carbon emissions accounting during the operation period.

[0093] By summing up the carbon emissions from fossil fuel consumption and secondary energy consumption, and taking into account the impact of green carbon sinks in service areas, the total carbon emissions during the operation period of highway service areas are obtained:

[0094] In the formula, This refers to the green area of ​​the service area during the statistical period. Carbon sink factors for plants in the service area.

[0095] Specifically, step S30 includes: constructing a comprehensive carbon emission calculation model for the operation period of a highway service area based on the calculation results of the fusion sub-model using a weighted average strategy, and outputting the total carbon emissions of the service area.

[0096] Carbon emission calculation results based on the "top-down" method And carbon emission calculation results based on the "bottom-up" approach The final total carbon emissions of the service area are determined using a weighted average method, as shown in the following formula:

[0097] In the formula, and The weights for the "top-down" and "bottom-up" methods are respectively, and The weights can be adjusted based on factors such as data reliability and model accuracy.

[0098] Example 2

[0099] This invention provides a method for calculating carbon emissions from highway service areas based on a two-layer model fusion, applicable to the aforementioned system, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Collect various energy consumption data and related basic data during the operation period of the service area through the data acquisition module, and perform cleaning, format conversion and matching association; Step 2: The carbon emission sources are divided into direct and indirect emissions through the analysis and processing module, a bill of quantities is constructed, and the carbon emission factors of the power grid and other energy sources are calculated. Step 3: Perform preliminary carbon emission calculations based on the LMDI decomposition model using the top-down calculation submodule of the calculation module; Step 4: Perform detailed carbon emission calculations based on the equipment-level accounting model using the bottom-up calculation submodule of the calculation module; Step 5: Using the weighted fusion submodule, the calculation results of the two sub-models are fused based on the weighted average strategy, and the total carbon emissions of the service area are obtained by combining the carbon sink factor.

[0100] Example 3

[0101] The present invention also provides an electronic device, including a memory and a processor, wherein the processor and the memory communicate with each other, the memory stores program instructions that can be executed by the processor, and the processor calls the program instructions to execute a method for calculating carbon emissions during the operation period of a highway service area, the method comprising the following steps: First, we collect data on the usage of various energy consumption data during the operation of highway service areas, as well as basic information data of service areas. We then perform preprocessing operations such as cleaning and normalization on the collected data and match and associate various energy consumption data with corresponding time, region and other information. Secondly, the carbon emission sources in the service area are divided into direct and indirect carbon emission sources. Based on the characteristics of different carbon emission sources, different types of carbon emission datasets are constructed, and the carbon emission characteristic factors of each carbon emission source are calculated. Finally, direct carbon emission measurement sub-models and indirect carbon emission measurement sub-models are constructed respectively. Based on the calculation results of the sub-models fused by the weighted summation strategy, a carbon emission measurement model for highway service areas based on the fusion of two-layer models is constructed, and the total carbon emissions of highway service areas during the operation period are output.

[0102] This embodiment also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements a method for calculating carbon emissions during the operation of a highway service area. The method includes the following steps: First, we collect data on the usage of various energy consumption data during the operation of highway service areas, as well as basic information data of service areas. We then perform preprocessing operations such as cleaning and normalization on the collected data and match and associate various energy consumption data with corresponding time, region and other information. Secondly, the carbon emission sources in the service area are divided into direct and indirect carbon emission sources. Based on the characteristics of different carbon emission sources, different types of carbon emission datasets are constructed, and the carbon emission characteristic factors of each carbon emission source are calculated. Finally, direct carbon emission measurement sub-models and indirect carbon emission measurement sub-models are constructed respectively. Based on the calculation results of the sub-models fused by the weighted summation strategy, a carbon emission measurement model for highway service areas based on the fusion of two-layer models is constructed, and the total carbon emissions of highway service areas during the operation period are output.

[0103] The final total carbon emissions will be used for the energy allocation and management of buildings, service equipment, and energy supply facilities in highway service areas, so as to optimize carbon emissions while ensuring normal energy consumption needs.

[0104] In summary, this invention provides a carbon emission measurement system and method for highway service areas based on a two-layer model fusion. By constructing a measurement framework that integrates "top-down" and "bottom-up" two-layer models, it achieves accurate quantification of carbon emissions from service areas. The method includes: acquiring and preprocessing multi-source energy consumption data such as electricity and gas; classifying carbon emission sources into direct emissions (fossil fuels) and indirect emissions (secondary energy), constructing an engineering quantity list and calculating carbon emission factors; establishing sub-models based on the LMDI decomposition model and equipment-level energy consumption accounting, fusing the measurement results through a weighted average strategy, and finally incorporating the green space carbon sink factor to obtain the total emissions. The system includes data acquisition, analysis, processing, and measurement modules, and can adapt to the spatiotemporal dynamic changes of power grid carbon emission factors, providing data support for low-carbon management of service areas. This invention combines adaptability and scalability, effectively improving the accuracy of carbon emission measurement. Furthermore, it improves measurement efficiency and saves computing power.

[0105] Those skilled in the art will understand that the accompanying drawings are merely schematic diagrams of one embodiment, and the modules or processes shown in the drawings are not necessarily essential for implementing the present invention.

[0106] As can be seen from the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the present invention can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product can be stored in a storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in various embodiments or some parts of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0107] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to mutually. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments. In particular, for apparatus or system embodiments, since they are basically similar to method embodiments, the description is relatively simple; relevant parts can be referred to the descriptions in the method embodiments. The apparatus and system embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs. Those skilled in the art can understand and implement this without creative effort.

[0108] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A carbon emission measurement system for highway service areas based on a two-layer model fusion, characterized in that: It includes a data acquisition module, an analysis and processing module, and a measurement module; The data acquisition module is used to: acquire various energy consumption data and related basic data during the operation period of the highway service area, and perform data preprocessing; The analysis and processing module is used to: classify the data output by the data acquisition module according to direct carbon emissions and indirect carbon emissions, and construct a bill of quantities for the operation period of highway service areas; and calculate the carbon emission characteristic factors of each carbon emission source based on the data characteristics and calculation requirements of the bill of quantities for the operation period of highway service areas. The calculation module is used to: construct a first carbon emission calculation sub-model using a top-down approach, and construct a second carbon emission calculation sub-model using a bottom-up approach; and obtain the total carbon emissions by weighted averaging and fusion of the first and second carbon emission calculation sub-models, combined with carbon sink factors. The total carbon emissions are used for energy consumption optimization of various facilities in highway service areas.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The execution process of the data acquisition module specifically includes: The data acquisition unit is used to collect various energy consumption data and related basic data during the operation of the service area, including the number of charging piles and the power of street lights; The data cleaning and format conversion unit is used to clean the collected data, remove records with key missing fields, and standardize the data format. The data matching and association unit is used to classify, match, and associate the cleaned and converted data according to the purpose and location of the energy-consuming equipment.

3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The execution process of the analysis and processing module specifically includes: The carbon emission source classification unit is used to classify the carbon emissions of various equipment in the service area according to direct carbon emissions and indirect carbon emissions; The bill of quantities construction unit is used to construct the bill of quantities for the operation period of highway service areas, identify major energy-consuming items and quantify the quantities of the works. The carbon emission factor calculation unit is used to calculate the carbon emission characteristic factors of each carbon emission source, including the power grid carbon emission factor and other energy carbon emission factors.

4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calculation module specifically includes: The top-down calculation submodule is used to construct the first carbon emission calculation sub-model based on the LMDI decomposition model, and to calculate carbon emissions by considering the dynamics of the electricity carbon emission factor to obtain the first calculation result. The bottom-up calculation submodule is used to construct the second carbon emission calculation sub-model based on the equipment-level accounting model, calculate the carbon emission of various equipment according to the actual carbon emission sources, and obtain the second calculation result. The weighted fusion submodule is used to fuse the first and second calculation results based on a weighted average strategy, and combine them with the carbon sink factor to obtain the total carbon emissions; the weights are adjusted according to the data reliability and model accuracy.

5. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The top-down calculation submodule constructs the first carbon emission calculation submodel based on the LMDI decomposition model, and calculates carbon emissions by considering the dynamics of the electricity carbon emission factor to obtain the first calculation result. The specific process includes: Through Construct a carbon emission calculation model for highway service areas; where: CO2 emissions from highway service areas For the first Physical quantity of energy consumed at the end of the energy supply; No. Energy carbon emission factors; For the first The average lower heating value of this type of energy; For the first Carbon content per unit of calorific value of a type of energy; For the first Carbon oxidation rate of energy sources; constant The coefficient representing the conversion of carbon into carbon dioxide; Through Construct the extended Kaya identity; where: For the first Carbon emissions from various energy sources; For the first Energy consumption; Total energy consumption; The service volume of the service area; The number of days the service area operates; This refers to the actual number of days the service area was in operation. make , , , Through the formula The carbon emission calculation model for highway service areas is transformed; where: For the first The carbon emission intensity of a type of energy, i.e., energy structure factors; For the first The proportion of energy consumption in total energy consumption; Energy consumption per unit of service provided; The volume of services provided per unit of time; This refers to the actual number of days the service area operates throughout the year, i.e., the operating time factor. Decompose the changes in carbon emissions between the two comparative years: The carbon emissions of highway service areas during this period are The base period carbon emissions were Through the formula Calculate the difference in carbon emissions between the reporting period and the base period; where: This represents the change in carbon emissions. For the first The first type of energy Annual carbon emissions For the first The base year carbon emissions of this energy source; , , , , The decomposition terms of each influencing factor are obtained by the following formula: Through The decomposition results of energy structure effect, energy intensity effect, service energy efficiency effect, service scale effect and operating time effect are calculated. The bottom-up calculation submodule constructs the second carbon emission calculation submodel based on the equipment-level accounting model, calculates the carbon emissions of various types of equipment according to actual carbon emission sources, and obtains the second calculation result through the following specific process: Through Calculate the total consumption of liquefied petroleum gas and natural gas; where: This represents the total consumption of liquefied petroleum gas in the catering area. As a carbon emission factor for liquefied petroleum gas, This represents the total natural gas consumption in the dining area. Carbon emission factor of natural gas; Through Calculate the carbon emissions of an emergency generator; where: This represents the total number of times the emergency generator was started during the operation period. The rated power of the emergency generator. For the first Runtime of each startup This refers to the fuel consumption rate per unit power of the emergency generator. Carbon emission factors for diesel fuel; Through Calculate the power consumption of the service area lighting system; where: For the number of lighting areas, For lighting power density, The area of ​​public areas in the service area where lighting systems are applied, For the duration of illumination, For the area illuminated by emergency lights in the service area, For emergency lighting power density, Carbon emission factor of power grid; Through Calculate the energy consumption of the air conditioning system in the service area and the energy consumption per unit building area; where: The energy consumption per unit building area of ​​the air conditioning system in the service area. The area of ​​public areas in the service area where air conditioning systems are applied. The first [unit of building area with energy consumption lower than the sample data mean] Energy consumption per sample service area This refers to the number of service areas whose building area energy consumption is lower than the average of the energy consumption sample data. For the first Energy consumption per unit building area of ​​each service area The number of energy consumption samples representing the top 25% of buildings with the lowest energy consumption per unit area; Through Calculate the power consumption of the charging pile equipment; where: The total number of vehicles charging. For the first The power of each charging station For the first Vehicle charging time; Through Calculate the wastewater treatment volume and the electricity consumption and carbon emissions of wastewater treatment equipment; where: The total power of the wastewater treatment equipment. Average daily runtime; Through Calculate the total heat consumption of the heating system; where: The total heat consumption is measured by a heat meter. Thermal carbon emission factor; Through Calculate the total carbon emissions of a highway service area during its operating period; where: This refers to the green area of ​​the service area during the statistical period. Carbon sink factors for plants in the service area; The weighted fusion submodule, which fuses the first and second calculation results based on a weighted average strategy and combines them with the carbon sink factor to derive the total carbon emissions, specifically includes the following steps: Carbon emission calculation results obtained from the top-down approach Carbon emission calculation results obtained based on bottom-up methods The formula for weighted average Calculate the final total carbon emissions of the service area; where: and The weights for the top-down and bottom-up methods are respectively, and .

6. A method for calculating carbon emissions from highway service areas based on a two-layer model fusion, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Obtain various energy consumption data and related basic data during the operation period of the highway service area, and perform data preprocessing; Step 2: Classify the data obtained in Step 1 into direct and indirect carbon emissions, and construct a bill of quantities for the operation period of highway service areas; calculate the carbon emission characteristic factors of each carbon emission source based on the data characteristics and calculation requirements of the bill of quantities for the operation period of highway service areas. Step 3: Construct the first carbon emission measurement sub-model using a top-down approach and the second carbon emission measurement sub-model using a bottom-up approach; obtain the total carbon emissions by weighted averaging and merging the first and second carbon emission measurement sub-models and combining them with the carbon sink factor.

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