Modular design system for photovoltaic power plants

Abstract

The embodiment of the specification provides a photovoltaic power station modular design system, wherein the photovoltaic power station modular design system realizes full-process digital collaborative design from data input, environment modeling, module selection, intelligent layout to conflict optimization and design output by constructing an integrated photovoltaic power station modular design system; the system is intelligently configured based on a standardized module library, significantly improves the compatibility and design reuse rate of the module, and effectively ensures the accurate matching of the module interface; through three-dimensional geographic environment modeling and intelligent layout optimization, accurate spatial planning and performance simulation of photovoltaic arrays and electromechanical modules in a virtual environment are realized, potential conflicts are found and solved in advance; and the final refined design result directly connects the prefabrication production and on-site assembly links, forming an integrated data flow of design, manufacturing and construction, so that the efficiency, accuracy and overall construction quality of the photovoltaic power station modular design are greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments in this specification relate to the field of photovoltaic technology, and in particular to a modular design system for photovoltaic power plants. Background Technology

[0002] The current design process for photovoltaic power plants typically relies on traditional decentralized design methods, with each professional design stage operating relatively independently and lacking a unified and efficient collaborative design platform. Insufficient standardization in module division during the design process leads to poor compatibility and interchangeability between modules, resulting in interface mismatches during subsequent prefabrication and on-site assembly. The design phase also suffers from inadequate utilization of geographical environmental information, weak 3D spatial planning and performance analysis capabilities, and difficulty in effectively identifying potential spatial conflicts and performance bottlenecks early on. Furthermore, the overall design output is relatively simplistic, resulting in information disconnect with subsequent factory prefabrication and on-site construction, hindering efficient guidance for precise manufacturing and rapid assembly, and ultimately restricting the efficiency and quality improvement of modular construction for photovoltaic power plants.

[0003] Therefore, a better solution is urgently needed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the embodiments of this specification provide a modular design system for photovoltaic power plants to address the technical deficiencies existing in the prior art.

[0005] According to a first aspect of the embodiments of this specification, a modular design system for a photovoltaic power plant is provided, comprising:

[0006] The data input and preprocessing module is configured to receive the basic parameters and constraints of the photovoltaic power plant project and preprocess the basic parameters and constraints to extract the design boundary conditions. The 3D geographic environment modeling module is configured to construct a 3D digital terrain model based on the terrain data in the design boundary conditions; The standardized module library management module is configured to store various standardized electromechanical modules with three-dimensional geometric models, physical interface definitions, and performance attributes; The intelligent layout and configuration module is configured to arrange the photovoltaic array according to the design boundary conditions and the three-dimensional digital terrain model, and to select and arrange standardized electromechanical modules from the standardized module library management module to form a preliminary three-dimensional layout. The conflict detection and collaborative optimization module is configured to perform spatial interference detection and performance analysis on the initial 3D layout and make adjustments when a conflict is detected to generate an optimized 3D layout. The design output and interface generation module is configured to convert the optimized 3D layout into multiple output files to guide module prefabrication and field assembly.

[0007] In one possible implementation, the standardized electromechanical module includes inverter cluster units, combiner box units, transformer prefabricated compartments, cable tray sections, and piping assemblies, and the physical interface definition of the standardized electromechanical module is configured to include precise dimensional and tolerance requirements for electrical and mechanical interfaces.

[0008] In one possible implementation, the intelligent layout and configuration module is further configured to select corresponding combiner box modules and inverter cluster modules from the standardized module library management module based on the photovoltaic string division results and preset capacity matching rules and path shortest rules, arrange the selected modules on the three-dimensional digital terrain model, and plan the initial routing of cable tray sections and pipe assemblies connecting the combiner box modules and the inverter cluster modules.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the conflict detection and collaborative optimization module is configured to perform spatial interference detection including detecting hard collisions between the standardized electromechanical modules and between the standardized electromechanical modules and the three-dimensional digital terrain model, and the performance analysis includes evaluating electrical line voltage drop, thermal field distribution, and accessibility of maintenance channels.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the design output and interface generation module is configured to generate the plurality of output files including a three-dimensional assembly model recording the precise coordinates and attributes of all standardized electromechanical modules, production drawings and technical specifications with manufacturing tolerances and interface dimensions for each type of standardized electromechanical module, and a list of connection relationships between modules.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the connection list is configured to include an electrical wiring table, a pipe connection table, and a bolt connection list generated based on the module connection relationships in the optimized 3D layout.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the design output and interface generation module is further configured to generate the plurality of output files including a module transportation sequence suggestion, a site assembly sequence flowchart, and a construction guidance document generated based on the module assembly logic in the optimized 3D layout.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the design boundary conditions are configured to include available land contours, slope aspect, and light resource distribution.

[0014] In one possible implementation, the basic parameters are configured to include project location, installed capacity, and meteorological data, and the constraints are configured to include owner-specific technical specifications.

[0015] In one possible implementation, the conflict detection and collaborative optimization module is configured to adjust the selection or position of standardized electromechanical modules based on optimization algorithms when adjusting the initial three-dimensional layout, or to provide optimization suggestions to the user for human-computer interactive adjustment.

[0016] This specification provides a modular design system for photovoltaic power plants. This system, through the construction of an integrated modular design system, achieves end-to-end digital collaborative design, from data input, environmental modeling, module selection, intelligent layout to conflict optimization and design output. Based on a standardized module library, the system performs intelligent configuration, significantly improving module compatibility and design reusability, and effectively ensuring precise matching of module interfaces. Through 3D geographic environment modeling and intelligent layout optimization, it achieves accurate spatial planning and performance simulation of photovoltaic arrays and electromechanical modules in a virtual environment, identifying and resolving potential conflicts in advance. The final refined design output directly connects to prefabrication and on-site assembly, forming an integrated data flow of design, manufacturing, and construction, thereby significantly improving the efficiency, accuracy, and overall construction quality of modular photovoltaic power plant design. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a system schematic diagram of a modular design system for a photovoltaic power station provided in one embodiment of this specification. Detailed Implementation

[0018] Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a full understanding of this specification. However, this specification can be implemented in many other ways than those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of this specification. Therefore, this specification is not limited to the specific implementations disclosed below.

[0019] The terminology used in one or more embodiments of this specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the one or more embodiments of this specification. The singular forms “a” and “the” as used in one or more embodiments of this specification and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term “and / or” as used in one or more embodiments of this specification refers to and includes any or all possible combinations of one or more associated listed items.

[0020] It should be understood that although the terms first, second, etc., may be used to describe various information in one or more embodiments of this specification, such information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish information of the same type from one another. For example, first may also be referred to as second without departing from the scope of one or more embodiments of this specification, and similarly, second may also be referred to as first. Depending on the context, the word "if" as used herein may be interpreted as "when," "when," or "in response to a determination."

[0021] This specification provides a modular design system for photovoltaic power plants, which will be described in detail in the following embodiments.

[0022] See Figure 1 , Figure 1 This diagram illustrates a modular design system for a photovoltaic power station according to an embodiment of this specification. Specifically, it includes a data input and preprocessing module for receiving basic parameters and constraints of the photovoltaic power station project and preprocessing them to extract design boundary conditions; a 3D geographic environment modeling module for constructing a 3D digital terrain model based on terrain data from the design boundary conditions; a standardized module library management module for storing various standardized electromechanical modules with 3D geometric models, physical interface definitions, and performance attributes; an intelligent layout and configuration module for arranging the photovoltaic array according to the design boundary conditions and the 3D digital terrain model, and selecting and arranging standardized electromechanical modules from the standardized module library management module to form a preliminary 3D layout; a conflict detection and collaborative optimization module for performing spatial interference detection and performance analysis on the preliminary 3D layout and adjusting it when conflicts are detected to generate an optimized 3D layout; and a design output and interface generation module for converting the optimized 3D layout into multiple output files to guide module prefabrication and on-site assembly.

[0023] The photovoltaic power plant modular design system can refer to a computer-aided design platform specifically designed for planning and designing photovoltaic power plants constructed using a modular approach. The data input and preprocessing module refers to the functional unit responsible for receiving and initializing the raw project input information. Basic parameters refer to the set of information defining the project's fundamental attributes, such as the project's geographical coordinates, the planned total installed capacity, and typical local meteorological data files. Constraints refer to additional requirements that limit the design scheme, such as specific technical specifications, budget limits, or environmental requirements provided by the owner. Preprocessing refers to a series of operations on the input raw data, including format conversion, logical verification, invalid value removal, and key information extraction. Design boundary conditions refer to the set of deterministic parameters obtained after preprocessing, directly driving the subsequent design process, such as the available area boundary polygon of the project site, the surface slope and aspect distribution map, and the solar energy intensity distribution map calculated based on meteorological data.

[0024] A 3D geographic environment modeling module can refer to a functional component that creates a virtual 3D surface model based on geographic information data. A 3D digital terrain model can refer to a 3D mesh or surface model that accurately represents actual elevation changes and surface morphology in digital form.

[0025] A standardized module library management module can refer to a centralized digital repository for storing and managing various reusable design units. A standardized electromechanical module can refer to a batch-prefabricated electromechanical equipment or component unit defined and modeled according to unified interface standards and performance specifications. Its three-dimensional geometric model accurately represents the module's external shape and internal structure, its physical interface definition clearly defines the mechanical mating surfaces and electrical contact specifications when the module connects to other modules or systems, and its performance attributes include information such as the module's electrical parameters, thermal parameters, and weight.

[0026] The intelligent layout and configuration module refers to a functional unit that automatically completes the spatial arrangement and selection of major equipment based on algorithms. Photovoltaic array arrangement refers to the process of calculating and determining the position and orientation of each photovoltaic module in three-dimensional space based on terrain and lighting conditions. Preliminary 3D layout refers to a 3D scene generated with the assistance of intelligent algorithms, containing the preliminary positional relationships of all major photovoltaic modules and electromechanical modules.

[0027] Conflict detection and collaborative optimization modules refer to simulation and optimization tools used to automatically identify and improve design flaws. Spatial interference detection refers to the calculation process of checking whether any two or more solid objects have volume overlap in three-dimensional space. Performance analysis refers to the simulation and evaluation of the performance of a design scheme in terms of electrical, thermodynamic, structural, or maintainability aspects. Optimized 3D layout refers to the final 3D design scheme that eliminates identified conflicts and meets various performance indicators.

[0028] The design output and interface generation module can refer to the component that converts the final design scheme into various documents and data that can be used for production, manufacturing, construction, and installation. Multiple output files used to guide module prefabrication and on-site assembly can refer to a collection of electronic files containing information such as manufacturing drawings, bills of materials, and assembly instructions.

[0029] The present invention will be further described below through a detailed embodiment: This embodiment relates to a modular design project for a 100MW ground-mounted photovoltaic power station located in a hilly area. The aforementioned modular design system for the photovoltaic power station operates in this project as follows.

[0030] First, engineers input basic project information through the human-computer interface of the data input and preprocessing module: project location (specific latitude and longitude), installed capacity (100MW), a high-precision point cloud data file obtained from UAV mapping, typical meteorological year data files provided by the local meteorological bureau, and a technical specification from the owner, which requires the use of a specific inverter model and specifies the location range of the substation. The data input and preprocessing module automatically performs noise reduction and meshing processing on the point cloud data to generate an accurate digital elevation model; analyzes the meteorological data to calculate the light intensity and azimuth data for each month of the year; and integrates all inputs to extract the core boundary conditions that can be used for design, including: the available construction area of ​​the site (an irregular polygon), areas with a slope greater than 25 degrees (marked as unavailable), the azimuth of the optimal irradiance receiving surface for the whole year, and the inverter model and preset substation area specified by the owner.

[0031] Next, the 3D geographic environment modeling module receives the processed terrain data and automatically constructs a detailed 3D digital terrain model of the hilly area. This model realistically reflects the site's undulations, gullies, and existing features (such as paths and ponds), providing a spatial basis for subsequent precise layout.

[0032] Subsequently, the intelligent layout and configuration module begins operation. This module utilizes built-in algorithms to automatically optimize the arrangement of over 200,000 photovoltaic modules on a 3D digital terrain model, avoiding steep slopes and unusable areas, thus creating string divisions. Next, the module accesses the standardized module library management module. This module pre-stores dozens of standardized electromechanical modules, such as: a 2.5MW inverter booster integrated module, a 16-in-1-out intelligent combiner box module, cable tray modules of varying lengths and turning angles, and prefabricated pipe gallery modules. Based on the capacity and location of the photovoltaic strings, and following the rule of "nearest junction and capacity matching," the intelligent layout and configuration module automatically selects matching combiner box modules and inverter compartment modules from the library and initially places them in relatively flat locations close to the corresponding photovoltaic arrays in the 3D scene. Simultaneously, the system automatically plans a rough path for the main cable trays and pipes connecting these modules.

[0033] Then, the conflict detection and collaborative optimization module performs multiple rounds of checks on the generated preliminary 3D layout. It first performs hard collision detection, discovering that a portion of an inverter module is embedded in a hillside, and a planned pipeline path intersects a deep trench. Next, performance analysis is conducted. Electrical simulation reveals that an excessively long DC cable path may cause excessive voltage drop, and thermal simulation shows that insufficient spacing between two inverter modules may affect heat dissipation. To address these conflicts and performance bottlenecks, the module initiates optimization algorithms: automatically moving the inverter module embedded in the hillside to a nearby flat area; replanning the pipeline path to bypass the deep trench; adjusting the cable routing and replacing it with a larger cross-section standardized cable tray module to reduce voltage drop; and increasing the spacing between the inverter modules. After several iterations, a conflict-free optimized 3D layout is generated, meeting all performance standards.

[0034] Finally, the design output and interface generation module processes and optimizes the 3D layout. It generates a complete 3D assembly model containing the precise coordinates of all components (for visualization review and construction simulation). For each adopted standardized electromechanical module (e.g., 78 2.5MW inverter compartment modules), it automatically generates production drawings with complete dimensions, tolerances, and interface details. It generates a detailed list of connections, specifying which strings each combiner box module's input ports should correspond to, and which DC input terminal of which inverter compartment module its output ports should connect to. It generates module assembly sequence files, guiding on-site installation of which area's support foundations to install first, followed by hoisting which numbered inverter compartment. It generates a bill of materials and transportation plan, recommending that modules belonging to the same installation area be shipped together.

[0035] Through the processing of the aforementioned system, a traditional design process that originally required repeated coordination among multiple disciplines and took several weeks has been compressed into a highly automated and collaborative digital process. The final output can directly drive modular prefabrication in the factory and rapid assembly on site.

[0036] The beneficial effects of this embodiment are as follows: By constructing an integrated digital design system, the discrete links of photovoltaic power plant design are connected into a continuous, intelligent data flow, realizing the automated transformation from raw parameters to constructable solutions. The system utilizes a standardized module library to ensure design standardization and compatibility between modules, fundamentally avoiding the risk of interface incompatibility; through 3D environment modeling and intelligent layout, it achieves full adaptation and optimized utilization of complex terrain conditions in a virtual environment; with the help of conflict detection and performance co-optimization, it can proactively solve spatial interference and performance bottleneck problems during the design phase, significantly reducing on-site changes; the final refined and data-driven design results provide accurate input for subsequent modular prefabrication and assembly construction, opening up the data chain between design, manufacturing, and construction, thereby significantly improving the overall efficiency, quality, and economy of photovoltaic power plant construction.

[0037] In one possible implementation, the standardized electromechanical module includes inverter cluster units, combiner box units, transformer prefabricated compartments, cable tray sections, and piping assemblies. The physical interface definition of the standardized electromechanical module includes the precise dimensions and tolerance requirements of the electrical and mechanical interfaces.

[0038] Among them, an inverter cluster unit can refer to a standardized functional unit that integrates multiple inverters, supporting DC distribution cabinets, cooling devices, and monitoring systems into a prefabricated cabin. A combiner box unit can refer to a standardized enclosure device used for combining and protecting the DC power from multiple photovoltaic strings. A prefabricated transformer cabin can refer to a standardized transport unit formed by pre-installing a medium-voltage transformer and its high- and low-voltage switchgear and protection devices within a robust cabin structure. A cable tray section can refer to a trough-type or ladder-type structural section with standard lengths and connectors used for laying and supporting cables. A conduit assembly can refer to prefabricated conduit sections and their connectors used for laying optical cables, water pipes, or other cables. Precise dimensional and tolerance requirements for electrical interfaces refer to the explicit specifications for the hole positions, spacing, diameters, and other dimensions and permissible deviations of power connectors and terminals on the module. Precise dimensional and tolerance requirements for mechanical interfaces refer to the explicit specifications for the dimensions, flatness, hole spacing, and other permissible deviations of the module base mounting holes, lifting points, flange faces or splicing faces that connect with adjacent modules.

[0039] Based on the aforementioned system implementation examples, the standardized module library management module stores modules that specifically cover the core units required for the project. For example, the "inverter cluster unit" specifically refers to a 20-foot standard containerized module integrating four 500kW string inverters, a DC surge protection distribution box, and a forced air cooling system. Its physical interfaces are clearly defined: for electrical interfaces, the screw hole diameter of the DC side input terminal block is 8mm, the hole spacing is 20mm, and the tolerance is ±0.1mm; the mounting hole position and size of the AC side output copper busbar also have the same precision specifications. For mechanical interfaces, the relative position tolerance of the four 40mm diameter mounting holes at the bottom of the cabin is required to be controlled within ±1mm to ensure smooth alignment and installation with the foundation embedded parts on site.

[0040] The "combiner unit" is likely a 16-in, 1-out wall-mounted module, with its interface definition including the dimensions of 16 pairs of photovoltaic cable input connectors (model and tolerance specified) and 1 pair of output copper busbars. The "transformer prefabrication compartment" interface definition includes detailed machining dimensions and tolerances for the base plate fixing holes, high-voltage bushing mounting surfaces, and low-voltage side outgoing cabinet mating surfaces. The "cable tray section" and "pipe assembly" define standard lengths (e.g., 3 meters, 6 meters), the distribution of bolt holes for end connection flanges, and tolerances.

[0041] These precise physical interface definitions form the basis for the aforementioned system's ability to perform reliable conflict detection (such as checking bolt hole alignment) and generate accurate production drawings. When the intelligent layout and configuration module retrieves an "inverter cluster unit" from the library and places it into the 3D scene, the precise interface information it carries enables the conflict detection and collaborative optimization module to determine whether its bottom mounting holes will interfere with the pre-embedded bolts of the underlying base module. It also enables the design output and interface generation module to generate a base plate part drawing for this unit that can be directly used for CNC machine tool processing.

[0042] The beneficial effects of this embodiment are as follows: By clearly defining the types of core electromechanical modules and specifying the precise dimensions and tolerances of their physical interfaces, modular design has a solid physical foundation. This ensures reliable mechanical connections and precise electrical connections between different modules, greatly reducing on-site modifications and rework caused by interface incompatibility. The unified interface standard also facilitates large-scale prefabrication and inventory management of modules, supporting the direct manufacturability of the design results.

[0043] In one possible implementation, the intelligent layout and configuration module is further used to automatically select the corresponding combiner box module and inverter cluster module from the standardized module library management module according to the photovoltaic string division results and the preset capacity matching rules and path shortest rules, and arrange the selected modules on the three-dimensional digital terrain model. At the same time, it automatically plans the initial route of the cable tray section and pipeline components connecting the combiner box module and inverter cluster module.

[0044] The photovoltaic (PV) string partitioning result refers to the logical grouping information of several adjacent PV modules electrically connected in series to form an independent power generation unit during the PV array arrangement process. Capacity matching rules refer to a logical criterion for allocating appropriate combiner and inverter equipment to PV power generation units of a certain capacity, such as "one corresponding model centralized inverter per 1MW of PV capacity" or "one 16-channel combiner box for every 20 strings." The shortest path rule refers to an optimization principle that prioritizes the path with the shortest straight-line distance or the fewest bends when planning connection lines. The preliminary routing refers to the approximate centerline of the connection line in three-dimensional space, before precise collision avoidance and detailed optimization are performed.

[0045] Based on the aforementioned system implementation, the intelligent layout and configuration module performs its functions as follows: First, based on terrain and shading analysis, the module arranges all photovoltaic modules and divides them into thousands of strings (e.g., 22 modules connected in series to form one string). Then, the module applies preset capacity matching rules: Rule A specifies that "every 16 strings are connected to one combiner box module," and Rule B specifies that "every 5 combiner box modules' outputs are combined and connected to a 2.5MW inverter cluster module." According to Rule A, the system automatically calculates the required number of combiner box modules and, based on the actual location of each string on the 3D digital terrain model, performs clustering calculations with the goal of "minimizing the total length of cables connecting strings to the same combiner box." This assigns each combiner box module 16 strings and preliminarily determines its placement location (usually near the geographical center of the string group).

[0046] Next, according to rule B, the system groups the combiner box modules and selects a 2.5MW inverter cluster module from the standardized module library management module for each group. Applying the shortest path rule, the inverter cluster module is placed in a flat location close to the geometric center of its respective combiner box group. Simultaneously, for the connection requirements of each "combiner box module - inverter cluster module" group, the system automatically calculates the shortest and smoothest possible path from each combiner box to its corresponding inverter compartment in the 3D scene, along the terrain surface, and instantiates this path as a preliminary route of a series of interconnected standardized cable tray sections and pipe assemblies. This "selection-placement-planning" process is entirely algorithm-driven, quickly generating a preliminary 3D layout containing the main equipment and their connections, providing a starting point for subsequent manual review and automatic optimization.

[0047] The beneficial effects of this embodiment are as follows: by algorithmizing the design rules (capacity matching, shortest path) and automating equipment selection and layout based on the photovoltaic array partitioning results, the speed and rationality of the preliminary design scheme generation are greatly improved. It reduces repetitive and mechanical labor for designers, allowing them to focus more on strategic review of the scheme and optimization of the rules themselves. The automatically generated preliminary path also provides clear initial input for subsequent detailed conflict detection and circuit optimization, ensuring the coherence and efficiency of the entire design process.

[0048] In one possible implementation, the collision detection and collaborative optimization module is used to perform spatial interference detection, including detecting hard collisions between standardized electromechanical modules and between standardized electromechanical modules and a 3D digital terrain model. Performance analysis includes evaluating electrical line voltage drop, thermal field distribution, and accessibility of maintenance channels.

[0049] Hard collisions refer to situations where the volumes of two or more physical objects intersect in three-dimensional space or the minimum distance between them is less than the safe distance. Electrical line voltage drop assessment involves calculating conductor resistance and load current to simulate and analyze whether the voltage drop at the end of a power supply line relative to its beginning is within acceptable limits. Thermal field distribution assessment involves calculating the equipment's heat generation power and heat dissipation conditions to simulate and analyze the temperature field of the air surrounding the equipment or the equipment itself, determining whether there is a risk of localized overheating. Maintenance accessibility assessment involves checking whether the space reserved for inspection, operation, and maintenance of equipment meets the minimum dimensional requirements for personnel or tool passage.

[0050] In conjunction with the aforementioned system implementation, the conflict detection and collaborative optimization module performs multi-dimensional checks during operation. Regarding spatial interference detection, the module invokes a geometry engine to calculate the outer envelope of all standardized electromechanical modules (such as inverter compartments and combiner boxes), as well as the solid models of cable tray sections and pipe assemblies, checking for any intersecting elements. Simultaneously, it performs intersection calculations between the bottom surface of each module and a high-precision 3D digital terrain model to detect whether the module is "floating" in the air or "embedded" inside the mountain, ensuring that the module is situated on the ground.

[0051] In terms of performance analysis, the module activates multiple simulators: the electrical analysis simulator reads the cable types, lengths, and equipment loads in the layout, calculates the DC and AC line voltage drops from the combiner box to the inverter and from the inverter to the transformer, and marks line segments with voltage drops exceeding the standard (e.g., 3%). The thermal analysis simulator calculates the airflow organization and temperature distribution between the compartments under high summer temperatures based on the inverter compartment's rated heat dissipation power, the spacing in the layout, and local wind speed and direction, identifying areas where heat dissipation is inadequate due to insufficient spacing. The maintainability analyzer automatically generates virtual "channel spaces" around the equipment based on preset maintenance channel width (e.g., 0.8 meters) and height requirements, and checks whether these channels are blocked by other equipment or terrain.

[0052] When a hard collision or performance failure is detected, the module logs the problem and triggers optimization logic. For example, for cables with excessive voltage drop, it may be recommended to replace them with larger standardized cable tray sections to accommodate thicker cables; for areas with poor heat dissipation, it may be recommended to adjust the orientation or spacing of the inverter compartments; for maintenance access routes blocked by terrain, it may be recommended to fine-tune the equipment positions or modify the terrain model. These processes of analysis, identification, and recommendations collectively support the transformation from "preliminary 3D layout" to "optimized 3D layout."

[0053] The beneficial effect of this embodiment is that it expands conflict detection from simple geometric collisions to a collaborative performance analysis involving multiple physics fields and multiple objectives, including electrical, thermodynamic, and maintainability considerations. This makes the optimization process no longer an isolated solution to spatial problems, but rather a comprehensive consideration of the power plant's operational efficiency, equipment lifespan, and ease of maintenance after completion. By anticipating and resolving these issues in advance during the virtual design phase, the risks and costs during the construction and operation phases can be significantly reduced, improving the overall quality and return on investment of the power plant.

[0054] In one possible implementation, the design output and interface generation module generates multiple output files, including a 3D assembly model containing the precise coordinates and attributes of all standardized electromechanical modules, production drawings and technical specifications with manufacturing tolerances and interface dimensions for each type of standardized electromechanical module, and a list of connection relationships between modules.

[0055] The 3D assembly model refers to a three-dimensional digital model file that integrates all design elements and maintains their relative positions and assembly relationships. Precise coordinates and attributes refer to the spatial position (X, Y, Z), rotation angle, and associated information such as model number, serial number, and electrical parameters of each standardized electromechanical module within the project's global coordinate system. Production drawings and technical specifications refer to the two-dimensional or three-dimensional engineering drawings and written descriptions required to guide the factory in the specific processing and manufacturing of the module. Manufacturing tolerances and interface dimension annotations are key elements on these drawings, used to control processing accuracy. The list of inter-module connections refers to a summary of information, presented in tabular or structured data format, detailing how all modules are interconnected.

[0056] Based on the aforementioned system implementation, in the final stage of the design process, the design output and interface generation module performs the task of solidifying and distributing the results. The module first packages the optimized 3D layout generated by the conflict detection and collaborative optimization module into a complete 3D assembly model file. In this file, each inverter cluster unit, combiner box unit, etc., is not only displayed in its correct position and orientation with its 3D form, but its model entity is also associated with an attribute dataset that records the unique number of the instance, the corresponding standard model, rated power, etc.

[0057] Secondly, the module automatically generates drawings upon startup. It traverses the standardized module library management module, automatically retrieving the universal 3D model and drawing template for each module type actually used in the project (e.g., "Model A-2.5MW inverter compartment"). Then, based on the specific number and requirements of the module's instances in the project layout, it generates corresponding production drawings. The drawings clearly indicate the machining dimensions of all key structures of the module, especially the dimensions and tolerance requirements of mechanical interfaces (such as mounting base hole positions, docking flanges) and electrical interfaces (such as terminal block positions) that interface with other modules (e.g., "hole diameter Φ20H7", "hole spacing 150±0.5"). Simultaneously, it generates accompanying technical specifications, listing materials, processes, and testing standards.

[0058] Finally, the module analyzes the logical connections throughout the entire 3D assembly model and automatically generates a connection list. This list clearly shows that the inverter compartment numbered "INV-001" has its DC input terminals "DC-In-1" to "DC-In-5" connected to the "output terminals" of the combiner box modules numbered "CB-001" to "CB-005" respectively; its AC output terminal "AC-Out" is connected to the "low-voltage inlet terminal" of the transformer prefabrication compartment numbered "TR-001". This list serves as the direct basis for on-site electrical wiring and piping connections.

[0059] These output files together form a complete information bridge from digital design to physical construction.

[0060] The beneficial effects of this embodiment are as follows: the output file set automatically generated by the system is highly structured, accurate, and complete, completely changing the situation where traditional design deliverables (such as drawings and lists) required manual compilation, were prone to errors, and suffered from fragmented information. The 3D assembly model enables the visualization and digital archiving of design results; precisely annotated production drawings directly drive CNC machining, ensuring the prefabrication quality of modules; and a detailed list of connection relationships ensures the accuracy of on-site assembly. This integrated data delivery model greatly improves the efficiency and fidelity of information transmission from design to manufacturing and construction.

[0061] In one possible implementation, the connection list includes an electrical wiring table, a pipe connection table, and a bolt connection list generated based on the module connection relationships in the optimized 3D layout.

[0062] Among these, an electrical wiring diagram refers to a detailed table specifying the wiring connections between electrical equipment, typically including information such as starting device, ending device, cable type, starting terminal number, and ending terminal number. A pipe connection diagram refers to a detailed table specifying the connections between pipes and fittings, including information such as upstream module interface, downstream module interface, pipe specifications, and connection methods (e.g., flanges, clamps). A bolt connection list refers to a detailed table specifying the bolted connections between mechanical components, including information such as connected component 1, connected component 2, bolt specifications, grade, quantity, and tightening torque.

[0063] In conjunction with the aforementioned embodiments, the design output and interface generation module, when generating the connection relationship list, will specify it into several professional sub-lists. For electrical connections, the module analyzes the virtual cable logic laid in all cable trays in the 3D model and generates an electrical wiring table. For example, one row in the table may record: "From combiner box CB-001 (terminals L1+, L1-) to inverter compartment INV-001 (DC input terminal group 1)", and associate it with the selected cable type "PV1-F 1×4mm²", as well as the required length (automatically calculated by the model).

[0064] For pipe connections (such as pipes used for laying communication optical cables or water cooling), the module analyzes the docking relationships of pipe components and generates a pipe docking table. For example, it records: "Connection from inverter compartment INV-001 (communication outlet flange DN50, elevation +1.2m) to main pipe rack module P-002 (inlet flange DN50, elevation +1.2m)", and specifies the use of "stainless steel clamp connection".

[0065] For mechanical connections, the module analyzes all interfaces that are fixed by bolts, such as the equipment base and foundation, the splicing flange between modules, and the bracket connection, and generates a list of bolt connections. For example, it records: "The connection between the inverter compartment INV-001 base plate and the foundation embedded plate requires M20×80, 8.8 grade high strength bolts, 16 sets, torque value 300 N·m."

[0066] These tables are all derived directly from the precise spatial and logical relationships already set in the optimized 3D layout, ensuring the accuracy and feasibility of the list, and can serve as a direct basis for material procurement and construction handover.

[0067] The beneficial effects of this embodiment are that it breaks down the abstract "connection relationship" into detailed execution lists for different disciplines such as electrical, piping, and mechanical, greatly improving the construction guidance of the design results. On-site workers can perform precise wiring according to the electrical wiring table, assemble pipes according to the pipe connection table, and tighten bolts in a standardized manner according to the bolt connection list, avoiding errors that may be caused by construction based on experience, and ensuring construction quality and system reliability.

[0068] In one possible implementation, the design output and interface generation module is further used to generate multiple output files, including a module transportation sequence suggestion, a field assembly sequence flowchart, and a construction guidance document, all based on the module assembly logic generated in the optimized 3D layout.

[0069] The modular assembly logic refers to the sequential dependencies between modules in their physical installation, such as installing the foundation first, then hoisting the equipment compartment, and finally connecting pipelines. The module transportation sequence suggestion refers to an optimized plan for the order in which modules are shipped from the factory to the site, based on their installation sequence, dimensions, and on-site storage conditions. The on-site assembly sequence flowchart refers to a document that graphically illustrates the complete installation steps and logical relationships from the first to the last process. Construction guidance documents refer to comprehensive work instructions that include specific operating methods, process requirements, quality acceptance standards, and safety precautions.

[0070] Based on the aforementioned system implementation, the design output and interface generation module not only outputs a "what to do" document (as shown in the drawings) but also a "how to do it" document. By analyzing and optimizing the 3D layout, the module identifies spatial occlusion relationships and functional dependencies between modules, thereby deriving a reasonable assembly logic. For example, it determines that cable tray sections cannot be laid until all cable tray supports are installed; and that the cables beneath the inverter compartment cannot be connected until the inverter compartment is in place.

[0071] Based on this logic, the module first generates a module transportation sequence suggestion. This suggestion takes into account the installation order, recommending that modules needed early (such as foundation embedded parts and the first batch of brackets) be shipped first; at the same time, it takes into account the module size, recommending that oversized and overweight modules (such as transformer prefabricated compartments) be shipped separately at a time when transportation conditions permit, and planning the transportation route.

[0072] Next, the module generates a flowchart of the on-site assembly sequence. This flowchart clearly shows the key nodes and parallel operation paths of the entire construction process in the form of a block diagram. For example, "Establishment construction in Area 1 → Support installation in Area 1" and "Establishment construction in Area 2" can be carried out in parallel; while "Cable laying throughout the site" can only begin after all equipment modules are in place.

[0073] Finally, the modules are compiled to generate construction guidance documents. These documents provide detailed step-by-step instructions, a list of required tools, process quality control points (such as levelness error requirements), and safety warnings (such as prohibiting personnel from standing within the hoisting radius) for key processes such as "inverter module hoisting and positioning" and "high-voltage cable head fabrication." Together, these documents provide project managers and construction teams with a scientific and visual action plan.

[0074] The beneficial effects of this embodiment are as follows: it extends design intelligence to the construction planning stage, automatically generating transportation, assembly sequences, and work instructions, achieving seamless integration of design and construction plans. This helps optimize logistics management, reduce on-site material accumulation and secondary handling; clear assembly flowcharts effectively coordinate the work of various trades, avoiding process conflicts or waiting; and detailed construction guidance documents improve the consistency of process standard execution, which is crucial for ensuring the high efficiency and high quality unique to modular construction.

[0075] In one possible implementation, the design boundary conditions include the available land profile, slope aspect, and distribution of light resources.

[0076] The available land outline refers to the actual boundary line of the land plot within the project's red line area, after deducting areas prohibited by regulations, ecological protection zones, and existing structures, which can be used to install photovoltaic facilities. Slope and aspect refer to the angle (slope) and direction (slope direction, such as south or east) of inclination of each point on the ground relative to the horizontal plane, and are important factors affecting the placement of photovoltaic modules, foundation design, and drainage. Solar resource distribution refers to the differences in the amount of solar radiation received at different locations within the project site due to factors such as topography and localized shading.

[0077] In conjunction with the aforementioned system implementation, the design boundary conditions extracted from the raw data by the data input and preprocessing module form the cornerstone of the entire automated design process. The available land contour polygon directly defines the spatial boundaries for the intelligent layout and configuration module when arranging the photovoltaic array, and the system algorithm ensures that all components and modules are placed within this contour.

[0078] Slope and aspect data (usually in the form of raster maps or contour lines) are used by the 3D geographic environment modeling module to construct a realistic terrain model. Simultaneously, slope information is also used by the preprocessing module to identify steep slope areas unsuitable for construction (e.g., slopes > 25°), which are marked as no-layout zones. Aspect information is then used to guide fine-tuning of the photovoltaic module's orientation; on north-facing slopes, the system may suggest reducing the number of modules or using special supports.

[0079] The solar radiation distribution map is obtained through simulation calculations using meteorological data (total radiation) combined with a 3D terrain model. It shows which locations within the site are "radiation hotspots" and which locations may become "radiation shadow areas" due to mountain shading. When arranging the photovoltaic array, the intelligent layout and configuration module prioritizes placing modules in areas with good radiation conditions and automatically avoids shadow areas, or adjusts the series connection of strings in shadow areas to reduce their impact. These refined boundary conditions make the automated design results more realistic and maximize the power plant's power generation revenue.

[0080] The beneficial effects of this embodiment are as follows: it clarifies the core geographical and environmental input parameters driving automated design. Through refined utilization of available land, terrain slope, and solar resources, the system can generate design schemes that are compliant in terms of space utilization, reasonable in terms of terrain adaptation, and efficient in terms of energy capture. This ensures the scientific, economic, and compliant nature of photovoltaic power plant design from the outset, avoiding major design changes later due to inadequate consideration of boundary conditions.

[0081] In one possible implementation, the basic parameters include the project location, installed capacity, and meteorological data, while the constraints include owner-specific technical specifications.

[0082] The project location can refer to the precise geographical coordinates or administrative division information of the photovoltaic power station's construction site. Installed capacity refers to the total rated AC output power of the planned power station, usually measured in megawatts. Meteorological data refers to a collection of data reflecting the long-term climate characteristics of the project location, typically including total solar radiation, direct radiation, diffuse radiation, ambient temperature, wind speed, and wind direction. Owner-specific technical specifications can refer to technical provisions proposed by the investor or owner based on their experience, supply chain, or specific requirements, such as specifying the use of a particular brand of components or inverters, requiring a special level of corrosion resistance, or specifying a particular communication protocol for the monitoring system.

[0083] Based on the aforementioned system implementation, during the project initiation phase, users input this crucial information through the data input and preprocessing module interface. The project location (latitude and longitude) is used to establish a standard coordinate system and obtain initial information such as Earth's curvature and time zone. The installed capacity (e.g., 100MW) is the overall target for the design scale, directly determining the order of magnitude and selection range of major equipment such as photovoltaic modules, inverters, and transformers.

[0084] Meteorological data files (such as TMY format files) are read and analyzed by the system. The solar radiation data is the basis for calculating the distribution of solar resources and simulating power generation; the ambient temperature data affects equipment selection (such as inverter derating) and heat dissipation design; and the wind speed data is related to the structural design load of the support and foundation.

[0085] Owner-specific technical specifications serve as mandatory constraints, which are strictly followed by the system. For example, if the specification requires that "all electrical cabinets have a protection rating of at least IP54," then the standardized module library management module, when providing electrical modules, or the intelligent layout and configuration module, will filter out module options that do not meet this requirement during selection. If the specification specifies a component model, the system will use the precise dimensions and electrical parameters of that component model when arranging the photovoltaic array. These parameters and specifications together constitute the complete input definition for the design task.

[0086] The beneficial effects of this embodiment are as follows: it clearly defines the scope of the original inputs required by the system, covering the most core information that determines the scale, geographical location, and individual requirements of the power plant. This enables the system to start from a clear and complete task definition and carry out all subsequent automated processing, ensuring that the final design results not only meet universal engineering principles but also conform to the specific personalized needs of the project, thereby improving the design's relevance and customer satisfaction.

[0087] In one possible implementation, the conflict detection and collaborative optimization module is used to automatically adjust the selection or position of standardized electromechanical modules based on optimization algorithms when adjusting the initial three-dimensional layout, or to provide optimization suggestions to users for human-computer interactive adjustment.

[0088] Among these, optimization algorithms can refer to a series of computational methods used to find better solutions under constraints, such as genetic algorithms, particle swarm optimization, gradient descent, or combinations thereof. Automatic adjustment of standardized electromechanical module selection can refer to the system automatically replacing a module model in the original layout with a more suitable model from the library, while meeting capacity and interface requirements. Automatic position adjustment can refer to the system finding a new, conflict-free, and performance-compliant location coordinate for the module in three-dimensional space. Providing optimization suggestions to users can refer to the system presenting detected problems and recommended solutions (such as "It is recommended to move module A 2 meters east to avoid a steep slope") to the designer in a visual manner (such as highlighting or pop-up information boxes).

[0089] Based on the aforementioned system implementation, the conflict detection and collaborative optimization module, upon discovering a problem, does not merely report it but possesses the intelligence to proactively resolve it. For example, when it detects an excessive cable voltage drop, the module's embedded optimization algorithm may initiate a local search process: it first attempts to automatically replace the "standard cross-section cable tray segment" along this path with a "large cross-section cable tray segment" existing in the library, and then recalculates the voltage drop. If the replacement meets the standard, the selection adjustment is automatically completed and recorded in the optimized layout.

[0090] For example, when the algorithm detects that the thermal simulation temperature exceeds the limit due to the insufficient spacing between two inverter module units, it may attempt to automatically find new alternative locations on a 3D digital terrain model, centered on the current positions of these two modules, within a set search radius. These alternative locations must meet the minimum spacing requirement and have flat terrain. The algorithm will evaluate the combined impact of multiple alternative locations on cable connection length, earthwork volume, etc., select a new location with the lowest overall cost, and automatically update the coordinates of the two modules.

[0091] In some complex situations, the algorithm may not be able to automatically determine a unique optimal solution, or the designer may wish to retain some control. In such cases, the module switches to interactive mode: on the 3D interface, areas with thermal conflicts are highlighted in a warm color, and a suggestion panel pops up listing several feasible solutions, such as "Solution 1: Move module INV-005 3 meters north; Solution 2: Add a ventilation deflector between modules INV-005 and INV-006." Designers can review these suggestions, select one, or modify them themselves, and the system updates the simulation results in real time for confirmation. This human-machine collaborative optimization method balances automation efficiency with human experience and judgment.

[0092] The beneficial effects of this embodiment are as follows: it endows the system with a certain degree of autonomous decision-making and self-correction capabilities, elevating design optimization from passive detection to proactive optimization. The automatic adjustment function can quickly handle a large number of routine problems, greatly improving optimization efficiency; while the human-computer interaction suggestion mode provides a flexible and efficient way to handle complex problems involving multiple objective trade-offs. This makes the entire design optimization process more intelligent and smooth, enabling convergence to a better design solution with fewer iterations.

[0093] It should be noted that, for the sake of simplicity, the foregoing method embodiments are all described as a series of actions. However, those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments in this specification are not limited to the described order of actions, because according to the embodiments in this specification, some steps can be performed in other orders or simultaneously. Furthermore, those skilled in the art should also understand that the embodiments described in this specification are all preferred embodiments, and the actions and modules involved are not necessarily essential to the embodiments in this specification.

[0094] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions in other embodiments.

[0095] The preferred embodiments disclosed above are merely illustrative of this specification. The optional embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the invention to the specific implementations described. Clearly, many modifications and variations can be made based on the embodiments described herein. These embodiments are selected and specifically described in this specification to better explain the principles and practical applications of the embodiments, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize this specification. This specification is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A modular design system for photovoltaic power plants, characterized in that, include: The data input and preprocessing module is configured to receive the basic parameters and constraints of the photovoltaic power plant project and preprocess the basic parameters and constraints to extract the design boundary conditions. The 3D geographic environment modeling module is configured to construct a 3D digital terrain model based on the terrain data in the design boundary conditions; The standardized module library management module is configured to store various standardized electromechanical modules with three-dimensional geometric models, physical interface definitions, and performance attributes; The intelligent layout and configuration module is configured to arrange the photovoltaic array according to the design boundary conditions and the three-dimensional digital terrain model, and to select and arrange standardized electromechanical modules from the standardized module library management module to form a preliminary three-dimensional layout. The conflict detection and collaborative optimization module is configured to perform spatial interference detection and performance analysis on the initial 3D layout and make adjustments when a conflict is detected to generate an optimized 3D layout. The design output and interface generation module is configured to convert the optimized 3D layout into multiple output files to guide module prefabrication and field assembly.

2. The modular design system for photovoltaic power plants according to claim 1, characterized in that, The standardized electromechanical module includes inverter cluster units, combiner box units, transformer prefabricated compartments, cable tray sections, and piping assemblies. The physical interface definition of the standardized electromechanical module is configured to include precise dimensional and tolerance requirements for electrical and mechanical interfaces.

3. The modular design system for photovoltaic power plants according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent layout and configuration module is further configured to select the corresponding combiner box module and inverter cluster module from the standardized module library management module according to the photovoltaic string division results and preset capacity matching rules and path shortest rules, and arrange the selected modules on the three-dimensional digital terrain model, as well as plan the preliminary routing of the cable tray section and pipeline components connecting the combiner box module and the inverter cluster module.

4. The modular design system for photovoltaic power plants according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conflict detection and collaborative optimization module is configured to perform the spatial interference detection, which includes detecting hard collisions between the standardized electromechanical modules and between the standardized electromechanical modules and the three-dimensional digital terrain model. The performance analysis includes evaluating electrical line voltage drop, thermal field distribution, and accessibility of maintenance channels.

5. The modular design system for photovoltaic power plants according to claim 1, characterized in that, The design output and interface generation module is configured to generate multiple output files including a three-dimensional assembly model recording the precise coordinates and attributes of all standardized electromechanical modules, production drawings and technical specifications with manufacturing tolerances and interface dimensions for each type of standardized electromechanical module, and a list of connection relationships between modules.

6. The modular design system for photovoltaic power plants according to claim 5, characterized in that, The connection list is configured to include an electrical wiring table, a pipe connection table, and a bolt connection list generated based on the module connection relationships in the optimized 3D layout.

7. The modular design system for photovoltaic power plants according to claim 1, characterized in that, The design output and interface generation module is further configured to generate multiple output files, including a module transportation sequence suggestion, a site assembly sequence flowchart, and a construction guidance document, all generated based on the module assembly logic in the optimized 3D layout.

8. The modular design system for photovoltaic power plants according to claim 1, characterized in that, The design boundary conditions are configured to include available land contours, slope and aspect, and distribution of light resources.

9. The modular design system for photovoltaic power plants according to claim 1, characterized in that, The basic parameters are configured to include project location, installed capacity, and meteorological data, and the constraints are configured to include owner-specific technical specifications.

10. The modular design system for photovoltaic power plants according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conflict detection and collaborative optimization module is configured to adjust the selection or position of standardized electromechanical modules based on optimization algorithms when adjusting the initial three-dimensional layout, or to provide optimization suggestions to the user for human-computer interactive adjustment.

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