A method and device for modeling a hydrogen energy storage system of an offshore integrated energy platform

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of offshore integrated energy platform hydrogen energy storage system modeling method and device, belong to integrated energy technical field;Method includes: establishing the multi-energy coupling structure including electrolytic cell, compressor, depleted oil and gas reservoir and hydrogen fuel cell;From energy conservation and mass balance, the dynamic constraint model of internal pressure, temperature, capacity and flow of the depleted oil and gas reservoir is established;Based on energy transfer and system balance principle, the connection model of hydrogen energy between preparation, compression, storage and reuse links is constructed, to obtain the total power consumption, total power supply and internal hydrogen flow balance relationship of the hydrogen energy storage system;Based on the multi-energy coupling structure, dynamic constraint model and connection model, select the self-loss rate of the depleted oil and gas reservoir hydrogen storage, injection process efficiency, production process efficiency and the offshore integrated energy platform modification cost as variable, carry out parameter sensitivity and robustness analysis, assess the energy conversion efficiency and economic performance of the hydrogen energy storage system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of integrated energy technology, specifically relating to a modeling method and device for a hydrogen energy storage system on an offshore integrated energy platform. Background Technology

[0002] Global greenhouse gas emissions account for approximately one-third of all emissions from energy-intensive industries, with the oil and gas sector being one of the most concentrated carbon emitters. As a crucial component of this industry, offshore integrated energy platform systems consume significant amounts of their own extracted oil and gas resources and generate substantial carbon emissions during operation. With the integration of a high proportion of renewable energy sources, offshore integrated energy platform systems urgently need energy storage systems adapted to high-power, long-cycle operation to mitigate the impact of the intermittency and volatility of new energy sources such as wind power on system stability and power supply reliability. Existing research largely relies on electrochemical energy storage to smooth power fluctuations; however, these systems have high unit capacity investment costs and are large in size and mass, limiting their engineering adaptability under the space and load constraints of offshore platforms and making it difficult to meet the comprehensive needs of large-scale energy regulation and long-term operation of offshore integrated energy platform systems.

[0003] As offshore oil and gas resources are further developed, more and more oil and gas fields are gradually entering the depletion and decommissioning stage. A large number of offshore platforms and their supporting infrastructure face dismantling and disposal, which is costly and may have adverse effects on the marine environment. Meanwhile, existing research has shown that depleted oil and gas reservoirs corresponding to decommissioned platforms have advantages such as large reserves, wide distribution, and well-developed infrastructure, and are considered to be highly promising large-scale underground hydrogen storage sites. Their technical feasibility and economic viability have been preliminarily verified.

[0004] However, existing work mainly focuses on the geological conditions and engineering feasibility analysis of hydrogen or carbon dioxide sequestration in depleted oil and gas reservoirs, and lacks a system modeling method for the integration of "offshore integrated energy platform system - depleted oil and gas reservoir - hydrogen energy system". It is difficult to systematically reflect the energy and material coupling relationship between key links such as electrolytic hydrogen production, gas compression, underground hydrogen storage and fuel cell power generation and their comprehensive impact on the system's economy.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to propose a modeling method for hydrogen energy storage systems of offshore integrated energy platforms that consider hydrogen storage in depleted oil and gas reservoirs. This method will provide a unified description and quantitative analysis of the aforementioned multi-stage and multi-physical field processes, offering theoretical support and technical basis for the low-carbon transformation of offshore integrated energy platform systems and the reuse of decommissioned platforms and oil and gas reservoirs. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the present invention aims to provide a modeling method and apparatus for hydrogen energy storage systems on marine integrated energy platforms, thereby solving the problems in existing technologies.

[0007] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions: A modeling method for a hydrogen energy storage system on an integrated offshore energy platform includes the following steps: Establish a multi-energy coupling structure that includes an electrolyzer, a compressor, a depleted oil and gas reservoir, and a hydrogen fuel cell; Based on the principles of energy conservation and material balance, a dynamic constraint model is established for the internal pressure, temperature, capacity, and flow rate of the depleted oil and gas reservoir. Based on the principles of energy transfer and system balance, a connection model for hydrogen energy production, compression, storage and reuse is constructed to obtain the total power consumption, total power supply and internal hydrogen flow balance of the hydrogen energy storage system. Based on the multi-energy coupling structure, dynamic constraint model, and connection model, the self-loss rate of hydrogen storage in the depleted oil and gas reservoir, the efficiency of the injection process, the efficiency of the production process, and the modification cost of the offshore integrated energy platform are selected as variables to conduct parameter sensitivity and robustness analysis, and to evaluate the energy conversion efficiency and economic performance of the hydrogen energy storage system.

[0008] A modeling device for a hydrogen energy storage system on an integrated offshore energy platform, comprising performing the above-described method, including: Structural building module: Establish a multi-energy coupling structure including an electrolyzer, compressor, depleted oil and gas reservoir, and hydrogen fuel cell; Constraint Modeling Module: Based on energy conservation and material balance, a dynamic constraint model is established for the internal pressure, temperature, capacity, and flow rate of the depleted oil and gas reservoir. System balance module: Based on the principles of energy transfer and system balance, a connection model is constructed between the hydrogen energy production, compression, storage and reuse stages to obtain the total power consumption, total power supply and internal hydrogen flow balance relationship of the hydrogen energy storage system; Analysis and evaluation module: Based on the multi-energy coupling structure, dynamic constraint model and connection model, the self-loss rate of hydrogen storage in the depleted oil and gas reservoir, the efficiency of the injection process, the efficiency of the production process and the transformation cost of the offshore integrated energy platform are selected as variables to carry out parameter sensitivity and robustness analysis, and evaluate the energy conversion efficiency and economic performance of the hydrogen energy storage system.

[0009] A computer storage medium storing a readable program that, when executed, instructs a computing device to perform the flight ad hoc network routing method based on graph neural networks and mobility awareness as described above.

[0010] An electronic device includes: a processor, a memory, a communication interface, and a communication bus, wherein the processor, the memory, and the communication interface communicate with each other through the communication bus; The memory is used to store at least one executable instruction that causes the processor to perform an operation corresponding to the load prediction method described above.

[0011] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. Based on existing literature verifying the feasibility of hydrogen storage in depleted oil and gas reservoirs, this invention, combined with the existing production facilities and engineering conditions of offshore integrated energy platform systems, innovatively proposes a modeling method for hydrogen energy storage systems that considers hydrogen storage in depleted oil and gas reservoirs for offshore integrated energy platform systems, and constructs an energy storage mode and analysis framework suitable for the low-carbon and efficient operation of offshore integrated energy platform systems. 2. This invention incorporates key state variables such as pressure, temperature, capacity and flow rate into the hydrogen storage process of depleted oil and gas reservoirs into the modeling framework, and constructs a marine hydrogen energy storage system model with depleted oil and gas reservoirs as hydrogen storage carriers. The system characterizes the mutual coupling and dynamic evolution of the above state variables in the injection and production process. 3. This invention conducts sensitivity analysis on key parameters in the hydrogen storage process of depleted oil and gas reservoirs. It focuses on examining the comprehensive performance of the hydrogen energy storage system of the offshore integrated energy platform considering hydrogen storage in depleted oil and gas reservoirs in terms of technical feasibility and economy under different values ​​of key variables such as hydrogen storage self-loss rate, production and injection process efficiency, and hydrogen storage transformation and construction costs. This provides quantitative basis for engineering scheme optimization and decision-making. Attached Figure Description

[0012] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an integrated offshore energy platform system. Figure 2 Considering the coupling of equipment in the hydrogen energy storage system of an offshore integrated energy platform for storing hydrogen from depleted oil and gas reservoirs; Figure 3 Wind speed conditions under extreme scenarios for offshore integrated energy platform systems; Figure 4 This represents the maximum and minimum total load conditions for an offshore integrated energy platform system under extreme scenarios. Figure 5 This describes the operational status of an integrated offshore energy platform system under extreme scenarios. Figure 6 This describes the operation of an offshore integrated energy platform system for hydrogen storage in unused depleted oil and gas reservoirs under extreme scenarios. Figure 7The load fulfillment rate of the offshore integrated energy platform system and the energy conversion efficiency of the hydrogen storage system under different hydrogen storage self-loss rates; Figure 8 The load fulfillment rate of the offshore integrated energy platform system and the energy conversion efficiency of the hydrogen energy storage system under different injection and production efficiencies; Figure 9 This section describes the unit load cost of hydrogen energy storage systems in offshore integrated energy platform systems under different platform modification costs. Detailed Implementation

[0014] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0015] Example 1 In this embodiment, a modeling method for a hydrogen energy storage system of an offshore integrated energy platform considering hydrogen storage in depleted oil and gas reservoirs is introduced in conjunction with a specific application scenario, including the following steps: S1, establish a multi-energy coupling structure including an electrolyzer, a compressor, a depleted oil and gas reservoir, and a hydrogen fuel cell; A certain offshore integrated energy platform system is selected as a case study, and its topology is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, this integrated offshore energy platform system consists of 13 platforms interconnected via submarine cables, forming a unified system. Specifically, Platforms 1, 2, 5, and 8 are integrated offshore platforms, primarily responsible for high-energy-consuming operations such as oil and gas extraction, production, and processing. The floating platform is a Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO), with functions similar to the integrated offshore platforms, but its load characteristics require further consideration of sea conditions. The remaining platforms are offshore wellhead platforms, mainly responsible for upstream production operations such as oil and gas extraction. Additionally, a 7.25MW offshore wind turbine has been constructed near Platform 8. It should be noted that the oil and gas reservoir corresponding to Platform 1 has entered a depletion phase and no longer possesses the capacity for continuous oil and gas production. Therefore, based on Platform 1 and its corresponding depleted oil and gas reservoir, hydrogen storage modification and utilization will be carried out on this reservoir, constructing an integrated offshore energy platform hydrogen storage system that considers hydrogen storage in depleted oil and gas reservoirs.

[0016] The basic operational status of hydrogen energy storage systems on offshore integrated energy platforms considering hydrogen storage in depleted oil and gas reservoirs, such as... Figure 2As shown: When the offshore integrated energy platform system has surplus electricity, the electrolyzer uses the surplus electricity to electrolyze pure water to produce hydrogen, realizing the conversion of electrical energy into hydrogen energy, and the generated hydrogen is transferred to the compressor; the compressor pressurizes the hydrogen and injects it into the depleted oil and gas reservoir for long-term underground storage; when the offshore integrated energy platform system experiences a power shortage, hydrogen is extracted from the depleted oil and gas reservoir and input into the hydrogen fuel cell, where it is converted into electrical energy through an electrochemical reaction to make up for the system's power shortage and ensure the safe and stable power supply of the offshore integrated energy platform system.

[0017] Based on the operating mechanism of the hydrogen energy storage system of the offshore integrated energy platform considering hydrogen storage in depleted oil and gas reservoirs, the system can be summarized as consisting of three main types of key equipment: electrolyzer, compressor, and fuel cell. The specific model is summarized as follows.

[0018] The electrolytic cell operation model is shown in (1): (1) In equation (1), For the electrolyzer in the hydrogen energy storage system t Power consumption during a given time period; This refers to the rated power of the electrolyzer in hydrogen energy storage. For the electrolyzer in the hydrogen energy storage system t The mass flow rate of hydrogen produced during the time period; The energy conversion efficiency of the electrolytic cell; The lower heating value of hydrogen is generally taken as 3.33 × 10⁻⁶. -2 MWh / kg; This represents the power ramp-up rate of the electrolytic cell.

[0019] It is believed that the electrolyzer utilizes surplus electrical energy to electrolyze pure water to produce hydrogen, realizing the conversion of electrical energy into chemical hydrogen energy, and outputting the generated hydrogen to the compressor for further processing and utilization.

[0020] The compressor operating model is shown in (2): (2) In equation (2), For the compressor in the hydrogen energy storage system t Power consumption during a given time period; For the compressor in the hydrogen energy storage system t Hydrogen mass flow rate processed over a given time period; The gas constant for hydrogen is typically taken as 4.124 × 10⁻³ MJ / (kg·k). κ represents the compressor inlet temperature; κ is the isentropic exponent of hydrogen, typically taken as 1.41. To improve the compressor's operating efficiency; This refers to the compressor inlet pressure. This refers to the compressor outlet pressure. This refers to the rated power of the compressor in the hydrogen energy storage system.

[0021] It is believed that the compressor pressurizes the hydrogen produced by electrolysis and then injects the pressurized hydrogen into depleted oil and gas reservoirs for underground storage.

[0022] The hydrogen fuel cell operating model is shown in (3): (3) In equation (3), For hydrogen fuel cells in hydrogen energy storage systems t Output power during the time period; The energy conversion efficiency of hydrogen fuel cells; This is the lower heating value of hydrogen. For hydrogen fuel cells in hydrogen energy storage systems t Hydrogen consumption during a given period; This refers to the rated power of the hydrogen fuel cell in the hydrogen energy storage system. This represents the power ramp-up factor for hydrogen fuel cells.

[0023] When an external load requires electrical energy, a hydrogen fuel cell uses hydrogen extracted from depleted oil and gas reservoirs to convert hydrogen energy into electrical energy through an electrochemical reaction, thereby providing power to the external system.

[0024] The rated power of the three types of equipment has been planned and determined: the rated power of the electrolyzer is 21.466MW; the rated power of the compressor is 1.026MW; and the rated power of the hydrogen fuel cell is 14.3MW. Other relevant parameters of the above models are shown in Table 1.

[0025] Table 1. Relevant equipment parameters for hydrogen energy storage systems on offshore integrated energy platforms considering hydrogen storage in depleted oil and gas reservoirs. S2. Based on the principles of energy conservation and material balance, a dynamic constraint model is established for the pressure, temperature, capacity, and flow rate inside the depleted oil and gas reservoir. When considering hydrogen storage in depleted oil and gas reservoirs, the main constraints are pressure, temperature, capacity, and flow rate. The specific constraint models are summarized below.

[0026] The hydrogen storage pressure constraint of depleted oil and gas reservoirs is shown in (4): (4) In equation (4), For depleted oil and gas reservoirs t Reservoir pressure over a period of time; The initial reservoir pressure of a depleted oil and gas reservoir; For depleted oil and gas reservoirs tTemperature during the period; The equivalent effective volume of a depleted oil and gas reservoir; This refers to the molar mass of hydrogen gas. It is the ideal gas constant; for t The mass flow rate of hydrogen injected into a depleted oil and gas reservoir during a given time period; for t The mass flow rate of hydrogen extracted from depleted oil and gas reservoirs during a given period; To improve the efficiency of the injection process; To improve the efficiency of the extraction process; , These are the minimum and maximum allowable operating pressures for the reservoir, respectively.

[0027] The hydrogen storage temperature constraint of depleted oil and gas reservoirs is shown in (5): (5) In equation (5), For depleted oil and gas reservoirs t Temperature during the period; The initial temperature of a depleted oil and gas reservoir; The equivalent heat capacity of a depleted oil and gas reservoir; for t Heat exchange caused by injected or extracted gas during the time period; for t The amount of heat lost from the reservoir to the outside environment over a period of time; The Joule-Thomson coefficient is used to describe the effect of gas throttling on temperature. for t The mass flow rate of hydrogen injected into a depleted oil and gas reservoir during a given time period; for t The mass flow rate of hydrogen extracted from depleted oil and gas reservoirs during a given period; To improve the efficiency of the injection process; To improve the efficiency of the extraction process; The equivalent heat transfer coefficient characterizes the intensity of heat exchange between the reservoir and the outside world; The seabed ambient temperature during time period t; The density of fluids within a depleted oil and gas reservoir; The specific heat capacity of the reservoir; , These are the minimum and maximum allowable operating temperatures for the reservoir, respectively.

[0028] The hydrogen storage capacity constraint of depleted oil and gas reservoirs is shown in (6): (6) In equation (6), The initial equivalent hydrogen storage capacity of a depleted oil and gas reservoir; These are the initial proportional parameters for depleted oil and gas reservoirs; The rated hydrogen storage capacity of a depleted oil and gas reservoir; for t The mass flow rate of hydrogen injected into a depleted oil and gas reservoir during a given time period; for t The mass flow rate of hydrogen extracted from depleted oil and gas reservoirs during a given period; To improve the efficiency of the injection process; To improve the efficiency of the extraction process; The self-loss rate of hydrogen storage in depleted oil and gas reservoirs; For depleted oil and gas reservoirs t Equivalent hydrogen storage capacity over a given period; , These are the lower and upper limits of the hydrogen storage capacity of depleted oil and gas reservoirs, respectively.

[0029] The hydrogen storage capacity constraint of depleted oil and gas reservoirs is shown in (7): (7) In equation (7), for t The mass flow rate of hydrogen injected into a depleted oil and gas reservoir during a given time period; for t The mass flow rate of hydrogen extracted from depleted oil and gas reservoirs during a given period; , These are the minimum and maximum allowable hydrogen mass flow rates for injection or extraction, respectively.

[0030] It should be noted that a linearization solution method is used for the nonlinear constraints involved in equations (4) and (5). During the short-cycle operation phase, the temperature and pressure changes in depleted oil and gas reservoirs are extremely small; therefore, the temperature in the relevant formulas can be considered... and pressure difference If the value is constant within a short period, the following two approximate equations can be obtained, as shown in (8): (8) The meanings of the relevant parameters and variables in equation (8) are given above. Based on the above linearization method, all nonlinear constraints are linearized.

[0031] The relevant parameters for hydrogen storage in depleted oil and gas reservoirs are shown in Table 2.

[0032] Table 2 Relevant parameters for hydrogen storage in depleted oil and gas reservoirs S3. Based on the principle of energy transfer and system balance, a connection model for hydrogen energy production, compression, storage and reuse is constructed to obtain the total power consumption, total power supply and internal hydrogen flow balance of the hydrogen energy storage system. For the hydrogen energy storage system of the offshore integrated energy platform considering hydrogen storage in depleted oil and gas reservoirs, a comprehensive modeling and analysis is carried out from three aspects: total power consumption, total power supply, and internal hydrogen flow balance, as detailed below.

[0033] The total power consumption of the hydrogen energy storage system of the offshore integrated energy platform considering hydrogen storage in depleted oil and gas reservoirs is shown in (9): (9) In equation (9), Hydrogen storage systems for offshore integrated energy platforms considering hydrogen storage in depleted oil and gas reservoirs t Total power consumption during the period; For the electrolyzer in the hydrogen energy storage system t Power consumption during a given time period; For the compressor in the hydrogen energy storage system t Power consumption during a given time period.

[0034] The total power supply of the hydrogen energy storage system of the offshore integrated energy platform considering hydrogen storage in depleted oil and gas reservoirs is shown in (10): (10) In equation (10), Hydrogen storage systems for offshore integrated energy platforms considering hydrogen storage in depleted oil and gas reservoirs t Total power supply during the period; For hydrogen fuel cells in hydrogen energy storage systems t Output power during a given time period.

[0035] The balance relationship of hydrogen flow within the hydrogen storage system of an offshore integrated energy platform considering hydrogen storage in depleted oil and gas reservoirs is shown in (11): (11) In equation (11), For the electrolyzer in the hydrogen energy storage system t The mass flow rate of hydrogen produced during the time period; For the compressor in the hydrogen energy storage system t Hydrogen mass flow rate processed over a given time period; for t The mass flow rate of hydrogen injected into a depleted oil and gas reservoir during a given time period; For hydrogen fuel cells in hydrogen energy storage systems t Hydrogen consumption during a given period; for t The mass flow rate of hydrogen extracted from depleted oil and gas reservoirs during a given period.

[0036] S4. Based on the aforementioned multi-energy coupling structure, dynamic constraint model, and connection model, select the self-loss rate of hydrogen storage in the depleted oil and gas reservoir. Injection process efficiency Extraction process efficiency Using the conversion cost of the aforementioned integrated offshore energy platform as a variable, parameter sensitivity and robustness analysis were conducted to evaluate the energy conversion efficiency and economic performance of the hydrogen energy storage system.

[0037] To achieve low-carbon operation of a certain offshore integrated energy platform system, the current stage involves completing the source and storage planning for the offshore integrated energy platform system with a high proportion of new energy supply. The planned source and storage configuration parameters are as follows.

[0038] Regarding the configuration of gas / oil generators, a 4.4MW gas generator is installed on platform 2, a 5.5MW oil generator is installed on platform 8, and a 6MW gas generator is installed on the floating platform. The gas / oil generators are only used as backup power and will only be activated in emergency situations.

[0039] Regarding the offshore wind turbine configuration, three 7.25MW wind turbines will be newly built near Platform 1, one 7.25MW wind turbine will be built near Platform 2, and two 7.25MW wind turbines will be newly built near the floating platform. The newly built offshore wind turbines will serve as the main power source to provide power to the offshore integrated energy platform system. The wind turbine output model is shown below (12): (12) In equation (12), for t The maximum power output of the fan during a given period; This refers to the rated power of the fan. for t Actual wind speed during the time period; Set the cut-in wind speed for the fan; The rated wind speed of the fan; Cut off the wind speed for the fan; This refers to the power coefficient of the wind turbine. For fan efficiency; air density; The impeller diameter; For offshore integrated platforms n Nearby wind turbines i exist t Actual output power during the time period; For the platform n The number of offshore wind turbines configured; For the platform n All configured fans are in t Total output power during the time period.

[0040] The relevant parameters of the above wind turbine model are shown in Table 3.

[0041] Table 3 Relevant parameters of the wind turbine model Regarding energy storage configuration, 19.838 MWh of energy storage is configured on Platform 2, 32.144 MWh on Platform 8, 2.819 MWh on Platform 12, and 3.395 MWh on the floating platform. Overall, the total energy storage capacity is relatively small, mainly used to smooth out intraday fluctuations in renewable energy supply.

[0042] Regarding the hydrogen energy storage configuration based on depleted oil and gas reservoirs, hydrogen energy storage will be constructed based on Platform 1, including a new electrolyzer with a rated power of 21.466MW, a new compressor with a rated power of 1.026MW, and a new hydrogen fuel cell with a rated power of 14.3MW.

[0043] Based on the aforementioned source-storage configuration scheme, an extreme high-wind scenario is introduced to analyze the operational characteristics of a hydrogen energy storage system for an offshore integrated energy platform considering hydrogen storage in depleted oil and gas reservoirs. The sea area where the offshore integrated energy platform system is located experienced extreme high-wind conditions on September 6, 2024. The wind speed during that period is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, the theoretical maximum and minimum load conditions of the offshore integrated energy platform system are as follows: Figure 4 As shown. It should be noted that, in order to ensure the safe operation of offshore wind turbines, when the wind speed exceeds 25 m / s, the turbines need to be shut down. At this time, the offshore wind power output drops to zero, causing the offshore integrated energy platform system to lose its main power supply. At the same time, in order to depict the dynamic changes in the cluster's production capacity under the condition of limited power supply, the load of each platform is modeled as an adjustable decision variable with bounded intervals. Its value is only allowed to change within the preset upper and lower limits of the operating load to reflect the load reduction and production reduction process caused by insufficient power supply. The load models of each platform are shown in (13): (13) In equation (13), For the platform n exist t Actual load during the time period; , and These represent the theoretical total loads of a traditional offshore integrated platform, a floating production storage and offloading unit, and an offshore wellhead platform under normal operating conditions and with sufficient energy supply during time period t. , and These are the minimum living load or maintenance load for traditional offshore integrated platforms, floating production storage and offloading units, and offshore wellhead platforms under safe and necessary operating conditions during time period t. For traditional offshore integrated platforms x The serial number; This represents the total number of traditional integrated offshore platforms; For floating production storage and offloading units x The serial number; This represents the total number of traditional integrated offshore platforms; For floating production storage and offloading units x The serial number; This represents the total number of traditional integrated offshore platforms.

[0044] Based on the actual structural characteristics of the offshore integrated energy platform system and the aforementioned source and storage configuration scheme and extreme high wind scenario settings, the optimization objective is to maximize the comprehensive economic benefits during the cluster operation period, as shown in (14): (14) In equation (14), For the scheduling cycle of the offshore integrated energy platform system T The overall benefit within the period; the second item is the cluster's performance during the scheduling cycle. T The total cost of the wind turbines within the cluster; the third item is the cluster's cost during the scheduling cycle. T The total cost of generators within the cluster; the fourth item is the cluster's cost during the scheduling cycle. T The total cost of a hydrogen energy storage system based on depleted oil and gas reservoirs within the system; the fifth item is the cluster's scheduling cycle. T The total cost of electrical energy storage systems for offshore platforms other than those with depleted oil and gas reservoirs.

[0045] The overall revenue expression for the offshore integrated energy platform system is shown in (15): (15) In equation (15), For the scheduling cycle of the offshore integrated energy platform system T Overall revenue within the organization; The selling price per unit of extracted oil and gas energy; The percentage of renewable energy supplied by an integrated offshore energy platform system before the introduction of a large amount of new energy sources; This is the ratio of the amount of oil and gas used for energy supply to the total amount of oil and gas extracted by the offshore integrated energy platform system. The average energy conversion efficiency of the cluster generator set; For the platform n exist t Actual load during the time period; The ratio of oil and natural gas production from the cluster should be noted. It should be noted that the production units of oil and natural gas are converted into barrels of oil equivalent (BOE) based on the actual calorific value. The unit price of oil; This refers to the calorific value of a unit of petroleum. This refers to the unit price of natural gas. This represents the calorific value of natural gas per unit.

[0046] The relevant parameters of the overall income model are shown in Table 4.

[0047] Table 4. Relevant parameters of the overall income model Based on the above parameters, the final formula for the overall revenue of the offshore integrated energy platform system can be obtained, as shown in (16): (16) Based on the above objective function, in order to ensure the power supply and demand balance of each energy-consuming platform, power balance constraints are applied to each platform except for platform 1 where the depleted oil and gas reservoir is located. The specific formula is shown in (17): (17) In equation (17), For the platform n The actual load during time period t; For the platform n Energy storage t The amount of charge during a given period; For the platform n The configured wind turbine units are t Total output power over the time period; For the platform n On the generator set t Total output over the period; For the platform n and platform k The power transmitted between them via submarine cables; In order to cooperate with the platform n A collection consisting of all connected platforms; For the platform n Energy storage t Discharge amount during a given period.

[0048] Based on this, the model also systematically incorporates constraints such as offshore wind turbine power supply, conventional generator power supply, submarine cable transmission capacity, energy storage charging and discharging operation, hydrogen storage operation considering depleted oil and gas reservoirs, and platform load range constraints. Based on these constraints, the model optimizes the multi-energy coordinated operation of the offshore integrated energy platform system, yielding the optimal operating condition as follows: Figure 5 As shown.

[0049] The operational results show that the hydrogen energy storage system, which considers hydrogen storage in depleted oil and gas reservoirs, plays a key role in the large-scale, cross-temporal and spatial allocation of the overall energy of the cluster: during periods of strong wind power output, the system converts surplus electricity into hydrogen through electrolysis and injects it into the depleted oil and gas reservoirs for underground storage; while during periods when wind turbines are shut down due to extreme high wind speeds and wind power output drops sharply, the system extracts hydrogen from the depleted oil and gas reservoirs and converts it into energy to provide stable and efficient power support for the offshore integrated energy platform system.

[0050] To quantitatively evaluate the spatiotemporal energy allocation capability of hydrogen energy storage systems, a comparative case study was constructed while keeping other conditions constant. The depleted oil and gas reservoir hydrogen storage system was set to be non-operational, and the overall operational characteristics of the offshore integrated energy platform system were analyzed accordingly. The specific operational results are detailed in [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 6 .

[0051] A comparison of the operating results under the two conditions reveals that when hydrogen storage is not utilized from depleted oil and gas reservoirs, the load of the offshore integrated energy platform system exhibits more significant fluctuations, and its overall load level decreases compared to the case where hydrogen storage is introduced from depleted oil and gas reservoirs. To further quantitatively characterize the impact of hydrogen storage from depleted oil and gas reservoirs, relevant data from the two operating conditions were compiled and compared, as shown in Table 5.

[0052] Table 5 Comparative Analysis of the Impact of Hydrogen Storage Participation in Depleted Oil and Gas Reservoirs on the Operational Characteristics of Offshore Integrated Energy Platform Systems As shown in Table 5, the introduction of a hydrogen storage system for offshore integrated energy platforms, incorporating hydrogen storage from depleted oil and gas reservoirs, effectively enables cross-stage energy allocation within the cluster, bringing the overall operational status of the cluster closer to its rated load level. Specifically, after adopting hydrogen storage from depleted oil and gas reservoirs, the load fulfillment rate of the offshore integrated energy platform system increased from 87.71% to 99.96%, significantly enhancing the operational reliability of the cluster's energy supply system. From an economic perspective, the introduction of hydrogen storage from depleted oil and gas reservoirs improves the cluster's continuous energy supply and stable operation capabilities under extreme high-wind conditions, increasing its revenue in the corresponding period from RMB 80.18948 million to RMB 91.82721 million, thereby effectively enhancing the guarantee level of operational revenue for the offshore integrated energy platform system.

[0053] To explore the operational feasibility of hydrogen storage schemes in depleted oil and gas reservoirs, it is necessary to determine the self-loss rate of hydrogen storage in these systems. Injection and production efficiency and and platform transformation costs Sensitivity analysis was conducted on key parameters to examine the unit load cost of the hydrogen energy storage system under different parameter values. , Load fulfillment rate of offshore integrated energy platform system or energy conversion efficiency of hydrogen energy storage system The changing patterns of these indicators are shown below. The specific meanings and representations of each relevant evaluation indicator are as follows.

[0054] The unit load cost of hydrogen energy storage system for offshore integrated energy platform systems considering hydrogen storage in depleted oil and gas reservoirs is shown in (18): (18) In equation (18), For hydrogen energy storage systems based on depleted oil and gas reservoirs during the operating cycle T Unit load cost of internal hydrogen energy storage system; For hydrogen energy storage systems based on depleted oil and gas reservoirs during the operating cycle T Total cost within; Platform for offshore integrated energy platform system n The actual load; T This refers to the total operating cycle of the hydrogen energy storage system.

[0055] Specifically, the total cost of a hydrogen storage system for an offshore integrated energy platform considering hydrogen storage in depleted oil and gas reservoirs is shown in (19) and (20): (19) in, (20) In equations (19) and (20), For hydrogen energy storage systems based on depleted oil and gas reservoirs during the operating cycle T Total cost within; , , and These are the costs of the depleted oil and gas reservoir, electrolyzer, compressor, and hydrogen fuel cell of the energy storage system, respectively. The capital recovery factor for hydrogen energy storage systems; The annual discount rate for hydrogen energy storage systems; The lifespan of a hydrogen energy storage system; The cost of constructing hydrogen storage facilities for depleted oil and gas reservoirs; The initial investment cost for depleted oil and gas reservoirs; Let x be the total cost of device x in the hydrogen energy storage system, where x∈{EL,COM,FC}; , and These are the investment cost, operating cost, and maintenance cost of equipment x, respectively. , and These are the unit investment cost coefficient, operating cost coefficient, and maintenance cost coefficient for equipment x, respectively. , and These are the rated power of the electrolyzer, the rated power of the compressor, and the rated capacity of the hydrogen fuel cell of the energy storage system, respectively. This represents the cumulative operating power of the electrolytic cell within period T. This represents the cumulative amount of hydrogen compressed by the compressor within period T. This represents the cumulative output power of the hydrogen fuel cell within period T.

[0056] The load fulfillment rate of the offshore integrated energy platform system is shown in (21): (twenty one) In equation (21), For the load sufficiency of the offshore integrated energy platform system; Platform for offshore integrated energy platform system n The actual load; Platform for offshore integrated energy platform system n The theoretical maximum load; T This refers to the total operating cycle of the hydrogen energy storage system. This represents the total number of platforms in the integrated offshore energy platform system.

[0057] The energy conversion efficiency of the hydrogen energy storage system of the offshore integrated energy platform considering hydrogen storage in depleted oil and gas reservoirs is shown in (22): (twenty two) In equation (22), The energy conversion efficiency of the hydrogen energy storage system; Hydrogen storage systems for offshore integrated energy platforms considering hydrogen storage in depleted oil and gas reservoirs t Total power supply during the period; Hydrogen storage systems for offshore integrated energy platforms considering hydrogen storage in depleted oil and gas reservoirs t Total power consumption during the period; T This refers to the total operating cycle of the hydrogen energy storage system.

[0058] To analyze the hydrogen storage system of depleted oil and gas reservoirs under different hydrogen storage self-loss rates Under the operating characteristics described, this paper takes multiple values ​​for the hydrogen storage self-loss rate and examines the load fulfillment rate of the offshore integrated energy platform system. and the energy conversion efficiency of hydrogen energy storage systems The changes in these indicators are summarized in Table 6.

[0059] Table 6. Comparison of load fulfillment rate and energy conversion efficiency of hydrogen storage system for offshore integrated energy platform systems under different hydrogen storage self-loss rates. Note: Injection and production efficiency remained at 0.99. To more intuitively reflect the impact of changes in hydrogen storage self-loss rate on system performance, a visualization analysis was conducted on the energy conversion efficiency of the hydrogen energy storage system and the load fulfillment rate of the offshore integrated energy platform system under different hydrogen storage self-loss rate conditions. The results are shown in Figure 7. As can be seen from the figure, the system performance exhibits a phased change characteristic as the hydrogen storage self-loss rate gradually increases.

[0060] As shown in the charts, as the hydrogen storage self-loss rate increases from 0 to 5.0%, the energy conversion efficiency of the hydrogen energy storage system drops significantly from 45.60% to less than 11%, exhibiting a rapid decline with increasing self-loss rate. Simultaneously, the cluster load fulfillment rate gradually decreases from 100% to approximately 78.82%, indicating a significant weakening of the system's energy supply guarantee capability. Particularly when the hydrogen storage self-loss rate is below 1.0%, the load fulfillment rate can still be maintained above 95%, and the system's operational reliability remains within an acceptable range. However, when the self-loss rate further increases to 2.0% or higher, both the load fulfillment rate and energy conversion efficiency show a significant decline, indicating that losses in the hydrogen storage stage directly reduce the effective available hydrogen energy scale, forcing the system to increase the frequency of hydrogen production and storage, thereby reducing overall energy efficiency and weakening load support capability. Therefore, the hydrogen storage self-loss rate is a key factor affecting the operational economy and energy supply reliability of hydrogen storage systems considering depleted oil and gas reservoirs, and its control level has a significant constraining effect on system performance.

[0061] To analyze hydrogen storage systems in depleted oil and gas reservoirs under different injection and production efficiencies and To examine the operational characteristics under different conditions, this paper selects seven scenarios with injection-production efficiency values ​​of 0.99, 0.95, 0.92, 0.9, 0.87, 0.85, and 0.8, and investigates the load fulfillment rate of the offshore integrated energy platform system under each scenario. Energy conversion efficiency of hydrogen energy storage systems The changes in various indicators are summarized in Table 7.

[0062] Table 7 Comparison of Load Satisfaction Rate and Energy Conversion Efficiency of Hydrogen Storage System for Offshore Integrated Energy Platform Systems under Different Injection and Production Efficiencies Table 7 Comparison of Load Satisfaction Rate and Energy Conversion Efficiency of Hydrogen Storage System for Offshore Integrated Energy Platform Systems under Different Injection and Production Efficiencies Note: The hydrogen storage self-loss rate was kept at 0.001.

[0063] To more intuitively illustrate the relationship between injection and production efficiency, load fulfillment rate, and energy conversion efficiency of hydrogen storage systems, the above data is visualized, as follows: Figure 8As shown in the chart, in this embodiment, as the injection-production efficiency decreases from 0.99 to 0.80, the load fulfillment rate of the offshore integrated energy platform system decreases from approximately 99.96% to approximately 95.80%, exhibiting a gradual downward trend. This indicates that the reduced injection-production efficiency weakens the system's ability to supply loads, and the system's power supply reliability also decreases. Simultaneously, the energy conversion efficiency of the hydrogen storage system significantly decreases from approximately 43.26% to approximately 28.49%, showing a clear overall downward trend. This demonstrates that the decrease in injection-production efficiency will require more hydrogen production and injection-production energy to meet the same load demand, thereby significantly reducing the system's overall energy efficiency and economic viability.

[0064] To analyze the retrofitting costs of hydrogen storage systems in depleted oil and gas reservoirs on different platforms To assess the economic performance of the hydrogen energy storage system in an offshore integrated energy platform system, this paper selects five scenarios with platform modification costs of ¥1×10⁶, ¥5×10⁶, ¥1×10⁷, ¥5×10⁷, and ¥1×10⁸, and examines the unit load cost of the hydrogen energy storage system. The changes in various indicators are summarized in Table 8.

[0065] Table 8. Comparison of unit load costs of hydrogen energy storage systems in offshore integrated energy platform systems under different platform retrofitting costs. To more intuitively illustrate the relationship between platform modification costs and the unit load cost of hydrogen energy storage systems, the above data is visualized, as follows: Figure 9 As shown in the chart, as the platform modification cost increases from ¥1×10⁶ to ¥1×10⁸, the unit load cost of the hydrogen energy storage system increases from approximately ¥806.577 / MWh to approximately ¥1502.140 / MWh, showing a continuous upward trend. The increase in unit load cost is more pronounced in the ranges where the platform modification cost increases from ¥1×10⁷ to ¥5×10⁷ and ¥1×10⁸, indicating that increased investment in platform modification directly pushes up the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of the hydrogen energy storage system. Furthermore, the marginal cost increase effect is more pronounced in the higher cost range, thus requiring a reasonable balance between the scale and investment level of platform modification in engineering design and economic optimization.

[0066] Based on the comparative analysis of the different parameter scenarios above, the following comprehensive conclusions can be drawn: Under a given injection-production efficiency, when the hydrogen storage self-loss rate varies within the range of 0.001 to 0.03, the load fulfillment rate of the offshore integrated energy platform system remains at a high level, with only a slight decrease. This indicates that the hydrogen storage system in depleted oil and gas reservoirs has little impact on load supply capacity and relatively stable power supply reliability within the aforementioned self-loss rate range. However, the energy conversion efficiency of the hydrogen storage system decreases slowly with increasing self-loss rate, indicating that self-loss mainly affects system energy efficiency and economy by increasing ineffective energy consumption. Under a given hydrogen storage self-loss rate, the injection-production efficiency decreases from 0.99 to 0.80. At that time, both the load fulfillment rate and energy conversion efficiency showed a significant downward trend, especially the energy conversion efficiency, which saw a large decrease. This indicates that injection and production efficiency is a key technical parameter that simultaneously affects the system's power supply reliability and overall energy efficiency, and its reduction will significantly weaken system performance. Furthermore, increased platform modification costs lead to a continuous rise in the unit load cost of the hydrogen energy storage system, with the increase intensifying in the high-cost range. This demonstrates that platform modification investment has a significant amplifying effect on the cost per kilowatt-hour, requiring an economic balance between the scale of modification and the level of investment while meeting safety and functional requirements. Overall, the operational performance and economics of hydrogen storage systems in depleted oil and gas reservoirs are more sensitive to injection and production efficiency and platform modification costs, while being relatively insensitive to hydrogen storage self-loss rates within a reasonable range. This can provide a basis for engineering design and parameter optimization.

[0067] Based on a similar inventive concept, this embodiment of the invention also provides a computer storage medium storing a readable program that, when run by a processor, can execute the above-described modeling method for a hydrogen energy storage system on an integrated offshore energy platform.

[0068] Based on a similar inventive concept, this invention provides an electronic device, including: a processor, a memory, a communication interface, and a communication bus, wherein the processor, the memory, and the communication interface communicate with each other through the communication bus; The memory is used to store at least one executable instruction, which causes the processor to perform the operation corresponding to the above-described modeling method for a hydrogen energy storage system of an integrated offshore energy platform.

[0069] Based on a similar inventive concept, this invention also provides a computer program product, including computer instructions, which instruct a computing device to perform the operations corresponding to the above-described modeling method for a hydrogen energy storage system of an integrated offshore energy platform.

[0070] Example 2 Based on the modeling method for hydrogen energy storage systems of integrated offshore energy platforms proposed in Example 1, this example proposes a modeling device for hydrogen energy storage systems of integrated offshore energy platforms, comprising: Structural building module: Establish a multi-energy coupling structure including an electrolyzer, compressor, depleted oil and gas reservoir, and hydrogen fuel cell; Constraint Modeling Module: Based on energy conservation and material balance, a dynamic constraint model is established for the pressure, temperature, capacity, and flow rate inside the depleted oil and gas reservoir. System balance module: Based on the principles of energy transfer and system balance, a connection model is constructed between the hydrogen energy production, compression, storage and reuse stages to obtain the total power consumption, total power supply and internal hydrogen flow balance relationship of the hydrogen energy storage system; Analysis and evaluation module: Based on the multi-energy coupling structure, dynamic constraint model, and connection model, the self-loss rate of hydrogen storage in the depleted oil and gas reservoir is selected. Injection process efficiency Extraction process efficiency Using the conversion cost of the aforementioned integrated offshore energy platform as a variable, parameter sensitivity and robustness analysis were conducted to evaluate the energy conversion efficiency and economic performance of the hydrogen energy storage system.

[0071] The methods of the present invention can be implemented in hardware, firmware, or as software or computer code that can be stored in a recording medium (such as a CD-ROM, RAM, floppy disk, hard disk, or magneto-optical disk), or as computer code originally stored on a remote recording medium or a non-transitory machine-readable medium and subsequently stored on a local recording medium, downloaded via a network. Thus, the methods described herein can be processed by software stored on a recording medium using a general-purpose computer, a dedicated processor, or programmable or dedicated hardware (such as an ASIC or FPGA). It is understood that the computer, processor, microprocessor controller, or programmable hardware includes storage components (e.g., RAM, ROM, flash memory, etc.) capable of storing or receiving software or computer code that, when accessed and executed by the computer, processor, or hardware, implements the methods described herein. Furthermore, when a general-purpose computer accesses the code used to implement the methods shown herein, the execution of the code transforms the general-purpose computer into a dedicated computer for performing the methods shown herein.

[0072] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed invention.

Claims

1. A modeling method for a hydrogen energy storage system on an offshore integrated energy platform, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Establish a multi-energy coupling structure that includes an electrolyzer, a compressor, a depleted oil and gas reservoir, and a hydrogen fuel cell; Based on the principles of energy conservation and material balance, a dynamic constraint model is established for the internal pressure, temperature, capacity, and flow rate of the depleted oil and gas reservoir. Based on the principles of energy transfer and system balance, a connection model for hydrogen energy production, compression, storage and reuse is constructed to obtain the total power consumption, total power supply and internal hydrogen flow balance of the hydrogen energy storage system. Based on the multi-energy coupling structure, dynamic constraint model, and connection model, the self-loss rate of hydrogen storage in the depleted oil and gas reservoir, the efficiency of the injection process, the efficiency of the production process, and the modification cost of the offshore integrated energy platform are selected as variables to conduct parameter sensitivity and robustness analysis, and to evaluate the energy conversion efficiency and economic performance of the hydrogen energy storage system.

2. The modeling method for a hydrogen energy storage system on a marine integrated energy platform according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the multi-energy coupling structure, the electrolyzer uses surplus electrical energy to electrolyze pure water to produce hydrogen, and outputs the hydrogen to the compressor for further processing and utilization; the compressor pressurizes the hydrogen produced by electrolysis and injects the pressurized hydrogen into the depleted oil and gas reservoir for storage; when the external load requires electrical energy, the hydrogen fuel cell uses hydrogen extracted from the depleted oil and gas reservoir to convert hydrogen energy into electrical energy through an electrochemical reaction to power the external system.

3. The modeling method for a hydrogen energy storage system on an offshore integrated energy platform according to claim 2, characterized in that, The operating model of the electrolytic cell is as follows: in, For the electrolyzer in the hydrogen energy storage system t Power consumption during a given time period; This refers to the rated power of the electrolyzer in hydrogen energy storage. For the electrolyzer in the hydrogen energy storage system t The mass flow rate of hydrogen produced during the time period; The energy conversion efficiency of the electrolytic cell; This is the lower heating value of hydrogen. The power ramp-up rate of the electrolytic cell; The operating model of the compressor is as follows: in, For the compressor in the hydrogen energy storage system t Power consumption during a given time period; For the compressor in the hydrogen energy storage system t Hydrogen mass flow rate processed over a given time period; Where is the gas constant of hydrogen. κ represents the compressor inlet temperature; κ is the hydrogen isentropic exponent. To improve the compressor's operating efficiency; This refers to the compressor inlet pressure. This refers to the compressor outlet pressure. This refers to the rated power of the compressor in the hydrogen energy storage system. The operating model of the hydrogen fuel cell is as follows: in, For hydrogen fuel cells in hydrogen energy storage systems t Output power during the time period; The energy conversion efficiency of hydrogen fuel cells; This is the lower heating value of hydrogen. For hydrogen fuel cells in hydrogen energy storage systems t Hydrogen consumption during a given period; This refers to the rated power of the hydrogen fuel cell in the hydrogen energy storage system. This represents the power ramp-up factor for hydrogen fuel cells.

4. The modeling method for a hydrogen energy storage system on a marine integrated energy platform according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dynamic constraint model for the internal pressure of the depleted oil and gas reservoir is as follows: in, For depleted oil and gas reservoirs t Reservoir pressure over a period of time; The initial reservoir pressure of a depleted oil and gas reservoir; For depleted oil and gas reservoirs t Temperature during the period; The equivalent effective volume of a depleted oil and gas reservoir; This refers to the molar mass of hydrogen gas. It is the ideal gas constant; for t The mass flow rate of hydrogen injected into a depleted oil and gas reservoir during a given time period; for t The mass flow rate of hydrogen extracted from depleted oil and gas reservoirs during a given period; To improve the efficiency of the injection process; To improve the efficiency of the extraction process; , These are the minimum and maximum allowable operating pressures for the reservoir, respectively. The dynamic constraint model for the internal temperature of the depleted oil and gas reservoir is as follows: in, For depleted oil and gas reservoirs t Temperature during the period; The initial temperature of a depleted oil and gas reservoir; The equivalent heat capacity of a depleted oil and gas reservoir; for t Heat exchange caused by injected or extracted gas during the time period; for t The amount of heat lost from the reservoir to the outside environment over a period of time; The Joule-Thomson coefficient is used to describe the effect of gas throttling on temperature. for t The mass flow rate of hydrogen injected into a depleted oil and gas reservoir during a given time period; for t The mass flow rate of hydrogen extracted from depleted oil and gas reservoirs during a given period; To improve the efficiency of the injection process; To improve the efficiency of the extraction process; The equivalent heat transfer coefficient characterizes the intensity of heat exchange between the reservoir and the outside world; The seabed ambient temperature during time period t; The density of fluids within a depleted oil and gas reservoir; The specific heat capacity of the reservoir; , These are the minimum and maximum allowable operating temperatures of the reservoir, respectively. The dynamic constraint model for the internal capacity of the depleted oil and gas reservoir is as follows: in, The initial equivalent hydrogen storage capacity of a depleted oil and gas reservoir; These are the initial proportional parameters for depleted oil and gas reservoirs; The rated hydrogen storage capacity of a depleted oil and gas reservoir; for t The mass flow rate of hydrogen injected into a depleted oil and gas reservoir during a given time period; for t The mass flow rate of hydrogen extracted from depleted oil and gas reservoirs during a given period; To improve the efficiency of the injection process; To improve the efficiency of the extraction process; The self-loss rate of hydrogen storage in depleted oil and gas reservoirs; For depleted oil and gas reservoirs t Equivalent hydrogen storage capacity over a given period; , These are the lower and upper limits of the hydrogen storage capacity of depleted oil and gas reservoirs, respectively. The dynamic constraint model for the internal flow of the depleted oil and gas reservoir is as follows: in, , These are the minimum and maximum allowable hydrogen mass flow rates for injection or extraction, respectively.

5. The modeling method for a hydrogen energy storage system on a marine integrated energy platform according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connection model includes the following hydrogen flow balance relationship: in, For the electrolyzer in the hydrogen energy storage system t The mass flow rate of hydrogen produced during the time period; For the compressor in the hydrogen energy storage system t Hydrogen mass flow rate processed over a given time period; for t The mass flow rate of hydrogen injected into a depleted oil and gas reservoir during a given time period; For hydrogen fuel cells in hydrogen energy storage systems t Hydrogen consumption during a given period; for t The mass flow rate of hydrogen extracted from depleted oil and gas reservoirs during a given period.

6. The modeling method for a hydrogen energy storage system on a marine integrated energy platform according to claim 1, characterized in that, The evaluation indicators for energy conversion efficiency and economic performance include: Unit load cost of hydrogen energy storage system during operating cycle It is obtained by the ratio of the total cost of the hydrogen energy storage system during its operating cycle to the total actual load of the offshore integrated energy platform system; Load fulfillment rate of offshore integrated energy platform systems It is obtained by the ratio of the actual total load of the marine integrated energy platform system to the theoretical maximum total load; Energy conversion efficiency of hydrogen energy storage systems It is obtained by the ratio of the sum of the total power supply to the sum of the total power consumption of the hydrogen energy storage system in each time period.

7. The modeling method for a hydrogen energy storage system on a marine integrated energy platform according to claim 1, characterized in that, When conducting parameter sensitivity and robustness analysis, the actual load of the offshore integrated energy platform system is modeled as an interval-bounded adjustable decision variable, whose value is only allowed to vary within the preset upper and lower limits of the operating load. This is to simulate and evaluate the dynamic support role of the hydrogen fuel cell in generating electricity using hydrogen extracted from the depleted oil and gas reservoir when the wind turbines supplying power to the offshore integrated energy platform system are cut off and shut down under extreme high wind scenarios, resulting in the loss of the main power supply.

8. A modeling device for a hydrogen energy storage system on an integrated offshore energy platform, comprising the method described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, include: Structural building module: Establish a multi-energy coupling structure including an electrolyzer, compressor, depleted oil and gas reservoir, and hydrogen fuel cell; Constraint Modeling Module: Based on energy conservation and material balance, a dynamic constraint model is established for the internal pressure, temperature, capacity, and flow rate of the depleted oil and gas reservoir. System balance module: Based on the principles of energy transfer and system balance, a connection model is constructed between the hydrogen energy production, compression, storage and reuse stages to obtain the total power consumption, total power supply and internal hydrogen flow balance relationship of the hydrogen energy storage system; Analysis and evaluation module: Based on the multi-energy coupling structure, dynamic constraint model and connection model, the self-loss rate of hydrogen storage in the depleted oil and gas reservoir, the efficiency of the injection process, the efficiency of the production process and the transformation cost of the offshore integrated energy platform are selected as variables to carry out parameter sensitivity and robustness analysis, and evaluate the energy conversion efficiency and economic performance of the hydrogen energy storage system.

9. A computer storage medium storing a readable program, characterized in that, When the program runs, it can instruct the computing device to execute the flight ad hoc network routing method based on graph neural networks and mobility awareness as described in any one of claims 1-7.

10. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: The processor, memory, communication interface, and communication bus are provided, wherein the processor, memory, and communication interface communicate with each other via the communication bus. The memory is used to store at least one executable instruction, which causes the processor to perform the operation corresponding to the load forecasting method as described in any one of claims 1-7.

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