An immersed single-phase multi-cylinder current-sharing system

Abstract

The application discloses an immersed single-phase multi-cylinder current sharing system and belongs to the technical field of liquid cooling. The system comprises a cylinder body, a liquid inlet is arranged at the bottom of the cylinder body and is communicated with a liquid inlet pipe, the liquid inlet pipe is connected with a pump station, a liquid inlet distribution assembly is arranged at the bottom of the cylinder body and covers the liquid inlet completely, a plurality of liquid separation plates are arranged above the liquid inlet distribution assembly in the cylinder body, the liquid inlet distribution assembly comprises two side plates arranged oppositely and a top plate connected with the two side plates, the side plates are connected with the bottom of the cylinder body, a distribution cavity is formed between the liquid inlet distribution assembly and the bottom of the cylinder body, and a plurality of liquid outlet holes with different sizes are arranged on the side plates and correspond to each sub-cylinder body. The application sets a plurality of servers in one cylinder body for immersed liquid cooling heat dissipation, has high integration degree, reduces the occupied space, can circulate the cooling liquid in the cylinder body by adopting only one pump body, reduces the liquid cooling cost, and avoids the problem of poor local heat dissipation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of liquid cooling technology, and particularly relates to an immersion-type single-phase multi-cylinder flow equalization system. Background Technology

[0002] Liquid cooling technology uses liquid as a heat transfer medium, which can more effectively solve the heat dissipation problem of high power density equipment compared with traditional air cooling technology. This technology uses coolant to directly contact the heat exchanger for cooling, eliminating the two air-water exchange processes in water cooling and air cooling systems. At the same time, it eliminates the need for core components of the refrigeration system such as compressors, resulting in high heat exchange efficiency. The development and application of these technologies mark the development of data center cooling technology towards a more efficient, energy-saving, and environmentally friendly direction. In the existing technology, most products used in this field are single-phase single-cylinder systems, which use multiple pumps to immerse each server in liquid cooling. Each server is located in a separate cylinder, which means that the entire liquid cooling system occupies a large space and has high costs and operating costs. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art by providing an immersion-type single-phase multi-cylinder flow sharing system, in which multiple servers are installed in one cylinder for immersion liquid cooling, which has high integration, reduces space occupation, and avoids the problem of poor local heat dissipation.

[0004] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution: An immersion-type single-phase multi-cylinder flow equalization system includes an integrally formed cylinder body. The bottom of the cylinder body has an inlet port connected to an inlet pipe, which is connected to a pump station. An inlet diversion assembly completely covers the inlet port and is installed at the bottom of the cylinder body. Multiple baffles are also provided above the inlet diversion assembly to form multiple sub-cylinders that individually accommodate servers. The inlet diversion assembly extends along the length of the cylinder body into each sub-cylinder. The inlet diversion assembly includes two opposing side plates and a top plate connected to the side plates. The side plates are connected to the bottom of the cylinder body, forming a diversion cavity between the inlet diversion assembly and the bottom of the cylinder body. Multiple outlet holes of different sizes are also provided on the side plates corresponding to each sub-cylinder, allowing coolant to enter the diversion cavity, flow slowly, and then collect into the cylinder body.

[0005] In one embodiment, the pump station is located on one side of the cylinder body, and the diameter of the plurality of liquid outlet holes gradually decreases toward the pump station.

[0006] In one embodiment, the formula for calculating the diameter of the liquid outlet orifice is as follows: ; in, This represents the actual coolant flow rate of the sub-cylinder block corresponding to the side plate. This represents the basic traffic requirements of the server within this sub-cylinder. This refers to the open area ratio.

[0007] In one embodiment, the cylinder body is further provided with a liquid inlet equalization plate located above the liquid inlet diversion assembly. The liquid inlet equalization plate has a plurality of equalization holes and is in contact with the bottom of the server. In this embodiment, the inlet flow equalization plate filters out tiny air bubbles in the coolant and evenly contacts the bottom of the server, achieving efficient heat dissipation while raising the position of the server to provide sufficient space for the liquid to flow steadily before entering the cylinder, thus avoiding the problem of localized heat dissipation delay caused by the liquid generating flow vortices.

[0008] In one embodiment, a plurality of spaced guide plates are also provided on the two side plates of the liquid inlet diversion assembly, and each guide plate extends along the radial direction of the liquid inlet diversion assembly. This embodiment guides the flow of liquid from the distribution chamber into the cylinder, preventing interference between liquids and ensuring consistent flow rates in each sub-cylinder. This allows the coolant flowing from each outlet to flow a distance along the guide plate before converging with coolant from other areas and rising evenly and slowly.

[0009] In one embodiment, a guide plate is provided between each two adjacent outlet holes on both side plates of the liquid inlet diversion assembly.

[0010] In one embodiment, a return fluid filter plate is also provided on the top of the cylinder; In this embodiment, impurities in the coolant are filtered before it flows into the return pipe.

[0011] In one embodiment, a return fluid trough of the same length as the cylinder body is also provided on one side, and a return fluid pipe is connected to the bottom of the return fluid trough. Both the return fluid pipe and the inlet pipe are connected to the pump station.

[0012] In one embodiment, a return liquid equalization plate is also provided in the return liquid tank, and the return liquid equalization plate has a plurality of return liquid equalization holes of different sizes.

[0013] In one embodiment, the pumping station includes a variable frequency water pump and a controller connected thereto, and temperature sensors electrically connected to the controller are installed in the inlet pipe, the return pipe, and the server.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: A single-phase multi-cylinder flow equalization system is provided, which can simultaneously immerse multiple servers in liquid cooling using a single cylinder. It features high integration, reduces space occupation, and lowers operating costs. At the same time, the coolant is evenly distributed using an inlet distribution component, allowing the coolant to circulate inside the distribution chamber until the fluid rises to a certain height and enters a slow flow state before entering the cylinder. Furthermore, the different sized outlet holes on the inlet distribution component ensure that the coolant circulating in multiple sub-cylinders meets the cooling needs of each server, avoiding the problem of poor local cooling in a single sub-cylinder and preventing the server in that sub-cylinder from affecting its normal operation due to inadequate cooling. Attached Figure Description

[0015] The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to embodiments and the accompanying drawings. Figure 1 A schematic diagram (3D view) of the structure of the present invention is shown. Figure 2 An exploded view of the structure of the present invention is shown. Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention is shown (view). Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of the cylinder block of the present invention is shown; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the cylinder block structure of the present invention is shown; In the accompanying drawings, the same parts use the same reference numerals. The drawings are not to scale.

[0016] Figure label: 1-Cylinder body, 2-Inlet pipe, 3-Inlet diversion assembly, 4-Liquid separator, 5-Inlet flow equalization plate, 6-Guide plate, 7-Return filter plate, 8-Return tank, 9-Return flow equalization plate, 10-Return pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0018] This invention provides an immersion-type single-phase multi-cylinder flow sharing system, such as... Figures 1 to 5As shown, the system includes an integrally formed cylinder body 1. The bottom of the cylinder body 1 has an inlet port that communicates with the liquid inlet pipe 2. The liquid inlet pipe 2 is connected to the pump station. The bottom of the cylinder body 1 is also equipped with an inlet diversion assembly 3 that completely covers the liquid inlet port. The cylinder body 1 is also equipped with multiple liquid baffles 4 located above the inlet diversion assembly 3 to form multiple sub-cylinders that can individually accommodate servers. The inlet diversion assembly 3 extends along the length of the cylinder body into each sub-cylinder. The inlet diversion assembly 3 includes two side plates arranged opposite each other and a top plate connected to the side plates. The side plates are all connected to the bottom of the cylinder body 1. A diversion cavity is formed between the inlet diversion assembly 3 and the bottom of the cylinder body 1. The side plates are also equipped with multiple outlet holes of different sizes corresponding to each sub-cylinder so that the coolant can enter the diversion cavity and flow slowly before collecting into the cylinder body 1. It should be noted that in this embodiment, a single cylinder 1 is used to simultaneously perform immersion liquid cooling for multiple servers. This method has a high degree of integration, reduces space requirements, and lowers operating costs. At the same time, the liquid inlet diversion assembly 3 is used to evenly distribute the coolant, allowing it to circulate within the diversion chamber until the fluid rises to a certain height and enters the cylinder 1. This slow-flowing coolant provides efficient and uniform cooling for the servers. Furthermore, since the coolant flow rate may differ in each sub-cylinder or there may be different cooling requirements within the sub-cylinder, the different sized outlet holes on the liquid inlet diversion assembly 3 ensure that the coolant meets the cooling requirements of the servers within each sub-cylinder during circulation. This prevents localized poor cooling in a particular sub-cylinder, thus avoiding any disruption to the normal operation of the servers within that sub-cylinder due to insufficient cooling. Furthermore, the inlet pipe 2 is located at the bottom of the cylinder 1, so that the coolant can impact the server at the first time to dissipate heat efficiently, and will not form a liquid vortex that would cause heat concentration. At the same time, for impurities such as thermal conductive adhesive and nameplates that fall off the server due to long-term immersion, the inlet liquid at the bottom can push these impurities all the way upward, greatly reducing the risk of electrical conductivity of the server, thereby reducing the maintenance of the server. In one embodiment, the cylinder body 1 can be made of 304 stainless steel and integrally formed from a single plate, so that even with a significant increase in volume, the cylinder body 1 can reduce its leakage risk and increase its overall strength. In one embodiment, the pump station is located on one side of the cylinder 1, and the diameter of multiple outlet holes gradually decreases towards the pump station. That is, when multiple servers with the same or similar heat dissipation requirements are cooled at the same time, the pump station is located on one side of the cylinder 1, so that a single pump can drive the coolant circulation. At this time, the diameter of the outlet hole at the corresponding position of the liquid inlet diversion component 3 of the sub-cylinder can be set directly according to the distance between the sub-cylinder and the pump. This avoids the problem that the coolant on the side away from the pump has a lower flow rate and thus a lower flow rate into the corresponding sub-cylinder. This makes the coolant flow rate in each sub-cylinder almost the same, thus avoiding the problem of poor local heat dissipation in a certain sub-cylinder due to inconsistent coolant flow rate, and preventing the server in that sub-cylinder from being affected by untimely heat dissipation. In one embodiment, the formula for calculating the diameter of the liquid outlet orifice is as follows: ; in, This represents the actual coolant flow rate of the sub-cylinder block corresponding to the side plate. This represents the basic traffic requirements of the server within this sub-cylinder. Open area ratio; It should be noted that in this embodiment, the actual coolant flow rate of each sub-cylinder is obtained, and the opening ratio of the outlet hole on the inlet diversion component 3 corresponding to the position of the sub-cylinder is set according to the basic flow requirements of the server in the sub-cylinder. This is to meet the heat dissipation requirements of the server in each sub-cylinder when the coolant in multiple sub-cylinders is circulated at the same time. In this embodiment, a single pump can be used to drive the coolant circulation. In cases where a single pump cannot meet the requirements, it is also applicable to multiple pumps in different positions or directions acting on the coolant in the cylinder 1 at the same time (for example, for a large volume cylinder 1, a single pump may not have sufficient driving capacity. Multiple pumps are set in different directions of the cylinder 1 to drive the coolant circulation at the same time to ensure the flow rate of the coolant in each sub-cylinder). This is to meet the situation where multiple pumps are working at the same time and / or the server heat dissipation requirements of each sub-cylinder are significantly different. Furthermore, it can be tested in conjunction with simulation software to use different opening positions and different opening sizes of the outlet hole to allow the coolant to meet the different heat dissipation requirements in each cylinder. In one embodiment, the cylinder body 1 is also provided with an inlet flow equalization plate 5 located above the inlet flow equalization assembly 3. The inlet flow equalization plate 5 has multiple flow equalization holes and is in contact with the bottom of the server. It should be noted that after the liquid comes out of the liquid inlet diversion component 3, the liquid has basically reached a certain slow flow state. At this time, the liquid continues to be input until it reaches a certain height. Then, the liquid will flow out from the flow equalization hole of the liquid inlet equalization plate 5, so that the coolant can evenly impact the bottom of the server until it submerges the entire server. That is, the liquid inlet equalization plate 5 is used to filter out the tiny air bubbles in the coolant and further evenly make the coolant contact the bottom of the server. This achieves efficient heat dissipation while raising the position of the server, so that there is enough space for the liquid to stabilize before entering the cylinder 1. This further avoids the problem of local heat dissipation not being timely due to the formation of flow vortices in the liquid. In one embodiment, multiple spaced guide plates 6 are also provided on both sides of the liquid inlet diversion assembly 3, and each guide plate 6 extends along the radial direction of the liquid inlet diversion assembly 3. It should be noted that in this embodiment, the guide plate 6 set on the side plate is used to guide the coolant flowing from the split cavity to the cylinder 1, so as to avoid the coolant from interfering with each other in the cylinder 1 as soon as it flows out of the split cavity, thus affecting the flow rate in each sub-cylinder. This ensures that the coolant flowing out of each outlet flows along the guide plate 6 for a certain distance before it is gathered together with the coolant in other areas and flows up evenly and slowly. Specifically, a guide plate 6 is provided between two adjacent outlet holes on both sides of the liquid inlet diversion assembly 3, which further prevents the coolant flowing out of each outlet hole from interfering with each other when it just flows out of the liquid inlet diversion assembly 3. In one embodiment, a return liquid filter plate 7 is also provided on the top of the cylinder 1. It should be noted that impurities in the coolant are filtered before it flows into the return pipe 10. In one embodiment, a return fluid trough 8 of the same length as the cylinder body 1 is also provided on one side. The bottom of the return fluid trough 8 is connected to a return fluid pipe 10. Both the return fluid pipe 10 and the inlet pipe 2 are connected to the pump station. In one embodiment, a return liquid equalization plate 9 is also provided in the return liquid tank 8, and a plurality of return liquid equalization holes of different sizes are provided on the return liquid equalization plate 9. Specifically, in this embodiment, the diameter of the multiple return liquid equalization holes gradually decreases towards the pump station; It should be noted that after passing through the filter plate, the liquid flows to the return liquid equalization plate 9. Because the entire cylinder 1 is a multi-segment connected design, the pump accelerates the return of the cooling liquid. In this embodiment, when the cooling liquid is circulated through one pump, the liquid closest to the pump suction port has the fastest return speed, while the liquid furthest from the pump suction port has the slowest return speed. The diameter of the return liquid equalization hole is set according to the distance between the return liquid equalization hole and the pump station. The diameter of the return liquid equalization hole gradually decreases towards the pump station. That is, by using the return liquid equalization holes with different diameters on the return liquid equalization plate 9, the uniformity of the liquid return is controlled, so that the heat dissipation effect inside each sub-cylinder is consistent. In one embodiment, the pump station includes a variable frequency water pump and a controller connected thereto. Temperature sensors electrically connected to the controller are installed in the inlet pipe, return pipe, and server. That is, when the heat generation of electronic equipment in the server is detected to increase, the variable frequency pump and electric valve can be linked to adjust the heat exchange to meet the current heat demand while reducing the overall power consumption of the equipment. Furthermore, in this embodiment, considering the coupling characteristics of the "frequency-pressure-flow" of the liquid cooling system, the controller includes a collaborative control architecture of a master PID (variable frequency pump) and a slave PID (regulating valve) to avoid system fluctuations caused by single parameter adjustment; It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the PID (master PID) control of the variable frequency water pump is as follows: Controlled parameters: Main road pressure (priority) and coolant outlet temperature (compensation); Settings: Main road pressure 3.0 bar (can be modified via host computer), temperature compensation limit 5℃; The PID algorithm is as follows: Deviation calculation: ΔP = Pressure setpoint - Actual pressure value; ΔT = Temperature setpoint - Actual temperature; The algorithm formula is as follows: Δu(k) = Kp[Δe(k) - Δe(k-1)] + KiΔe(k) + Kd[Δe(k) - 2Δe(k-1) +Δe(k-2)]; Where Δu(k) is the frequency increment of the inverter; e(k) is the comprehensive deviation (e(k) = 0.7ΔP + 0.3ΔT, the weighting coefficient can be adaptively adjusted according to the operating conditions); k is the data collected in the current cycle; k-1 is the sampling data of the previous cycle; k-2 is the sampling data of the previous 2 cycles; Kp is the gain coefficient; Ki is the integral coefficient; Kd is the derivative coefficient; Parameter tuning: For mechanical loop inertia (temperature system lag time of about 1-2s), the initial parameter settings are: Kp=1.2, Ki=0.05, Kd=0.3; that is, through algorithm optimization, the pressure and temperature overshoot is ensured to be ≤5% and the settling time is ≤5s; Control output: Inverter frequency command (10-50 Hz), corresponding to water pump flow rate of 30-200 L / min, realizing closed-loop regulation of pressure and temperature; Specifically, the PID (from PID) control of the electric regulating valve is as follows: Controlled parameter: Actual flow rate of the main system path (target value is allocated by the main PID output); The PID algorithm is as follows: Deviation calculation: ΔQ = Flow setpoint - Actual flow value; Algorithm optimization: Introduce the output of the master PID controller as a feedforward signal, as shown in the following formula: u(k) = feedforward quantity + KpΔQ(k) + Ki∫ΔQ(t)dt + Kd[dΔQ / dt] Feedforward quantity = Kf (feedforward coefficient, default 0.2) × pump frequency (pre-compensating for the impact of frequency changes on flow rate); Parameter tuning: Kp=0.8, Ki=0.03, Kd=0.2, ensuring flow deviation ≤5% and no oscillation during opening adjustment; Control output: 4-20mA current signal, corresponding to the valve opening degree of 0-100%, to achieve precise flow control; Specifically, the dual PID collaborative mechanism is as follows: Linkage logic: After the main PID adjusts the pump frequency, the control valve opening is corrected in advance by the PID through the feedforward signal to avoid flow lag fluctuations; Control priority: When the temperature deviation is >1℃ and the pressure deviation is >0.5 bar, prioritize responding to the temperature deviation (increase the temperature weighting coefficient to 0.5) to ensure the core heat dissipation requirements; Adaptive: Automatically adjusts PID parameters (Kp±0.2, Ki±0.01) based on load changes (temperature variance > 0.3² ℃) to adapt to different operating conditions such as full load or standby of the server; In one embodiment, the control flow is as follows: System startup: After the mechanical circuit is pre-filled with liquid, the PLC initializes the PID parameters, the water pump runs at the lowest frequency (10Hz), and the regulating valve is fully open; Parameter acquisition: The sensor collects temperature, pressure, and flow data every 100ms, which are then filtered and transmitted to the PLC. Deviation calculation: The PLC compares the collected values ​​with the set values ​​and calculates the overall deviation; Command output: The pump frequency command and regulating valve opening command are generated through a dual PID algorithm to drive the actuator to move; Closed-loop feedback: Real-time acquisition of operating parameters after execution, continuous correction of deviations until the parameters stabilize within the set range; In one embodiment, when the coolant outlet temperature is greater than the over-temperature set temperature (default 50°C), the PID output forces the maximum water pump frequency (50Hz) and the regulating valve opening (100%), while triggering the mechanical heat dissipation module to run at full load and sending alarm information to the host computer. Furthermore, when the main line pressure is >5 bar, immediately reduce the pump frequency (minimum 10 Hz), maintain the current opening of the regulating valve to avoid mechanical circuit leakage, and send an alarm message to the host computer; when the branch line flow is <30 L / min, shut down the pump, close the regulating valve, and issue an alarm signal to prevent mechanical circuit cavitation. It should be noted that the absolute value of coolant temperature fluctuation is ≤0.5℃, the absolute value of system main flow deviation is ≤5%, and the absolute value of system main pressure fluctuation is ≤0.5bar, meeting the heat dissipation requirements of high-density servers; when the load changes suddenly (such as the server switching from standby to full load), the system stabilization time is ≤5s, which is 30% better than the traditional fixed parameter PID; and it can run continuously for 72 hours without oscillation, with pressure and flow fluctuation amplitude <5%, which is suitable for the long-term operation requirements of mechanical circuits.

[0019] While the invention has been described herein with reference to specific embodiments, it should be understood that these embodiments are merely examples of the principles and applications of the invention. Therefore, it should be understood that many modifications can be made to the exemplary embodiments, and other arrangements can be designed without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. It should be understood that different dependent claims and features described herein can be combined in ways different from those described in the original claims. It is also understood that features described in conjunction with individual embodiments can be used in other described embodiments.

Claims

1. A submersible single-phase multi-cylinder flow sharing system, characterized in that, The system includes a one-piece molded cylinder body. The bottom of the cylinder body has an inlet port connected to an inlet pipe, which is connected to a pump station. A liquid inlet diversion assembly completely covers the inlet port and is installed at the bottom of the cylinder body. Multiple baffles are also installed above the liquid inlet diversion assembly to form multiple sub-cylinders that individually accommodate servers. The liquid inlet diversion assembly extends along the length of the cylinder body into each sub-cylinder. The liquid inlet diversion assembly includes two opposing side plates and a top plate connected to the side plates. The side plates are connected to the bottom of the cylinder body, forming a diversion cavity between the liquid inlet diversion assembly and the bottom of the cylinder body. Multiple outlet holes of different sizes are also provided on the side plates corresponding to each sub-cylinder, allowing coolant to flow slowly into the diversion cavity and then collect into the cylinder body.

2. The submersible single-phase multi-cylinder flow equalization system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pump station is located on one side of the cylinder body, and the diameter of the plurality of liquid outlet holes gradually decreases towards the pump station.

3. The submersible single-phase multi-cylinder flow equalization system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the diameter of the liquid outlet hole is as follows: ； in, This represents the actual coolant flow rate of the sub-cylinder block corresponding to the side plate. This represents the basic traffic requirements of the server within this sub-cylinder. This refers to the open area ratio.

4. The submersible single-phase multi-cylinder flow sharing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cylinder body is also provided with a liquid inlet equalization plate located above the liquid inlet diversion assembly. The liquid inlet equalization plate has multiple equalization holes and is in contact with the bottom of the server.

5. The submersible single-phase multi-cylinder flow equalization system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The liquid inlet diversion assembly is further provided with multiple spaced guide plates on both side plates, each of which extends along the radial direction of the liquid inlet diversion assembly.

6. The submersible single-phase multi-cylinder flow equalization system according to claim 5, characterized in that, A guide plate is provided between each pair of adjacent outlet holes on both sides of the liquid inlet diversion assembly.

7. The submersible single-phase multi-cylinder flow equalization system according to claim 1, characterized in that, A return liquid filter plate is also provided on the top of the cylinder.

8. The submersible single-phase multi-cylinder flow equalization system according to claim 2, characterized in that, A return fluid trough of the same length as the cylinder is also provided on one side. The bottom of the return fluid trough is connected to a return fluid pipe. Both the return fluid pipe and the inlet pipe are connected to the pump station.

9. The submersible single-phase multi-cylinder flow equalization system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The return liquid tank is also equipped with a return liquid equalization plate, which has multiple return liquid equalization holes of different sizes.

10. The submersible single-phase multi-cylinder flow equalization system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The pumping station includes a variable frequency water pump and a controller connected thereto. Temperature sensors electrically connected to the controller are installed in the inlet pipe, the return pipe, and the server.

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