A method for cultivating phellinus baumii

Abstract

This invention relates to a method for cultivating Phellinus linteus, and pertains to the field of Phellinus linteus cultivation technology. The method includes substrate preparation, inoculation and mycelial cultivation, cultivation management, and collection steps. This invention employs an organic cultivation method where yellowing occurs directly at the inoculation site. Utilizing the natural high-oxygen channel at the inoculation site, mycelia are directed and enriched along the path of least resistance, promoting rapid differentiation of Phellinus linteus primordia at the site and direct entry into normal growth. This results in uniform and timely yellowing, further improving the yield and quality of Phellinus linteus. Simultaneously, the overall cultivation cycle is controllable, making it suitable for large-scale, efficient production of organic Phellinus linteus.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of Phellinus linteus cultivation technology, and in particular to a method for cultivating Phellinus linteus. Background Technology

[0002] Phellinus linteus possesses clear anti-tumor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects, occupying an important position in the clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine, the development of health foods, and the broader health industry. Due to the slow growth of wild Phellinus linteus, its natural maturation cycle of over ten years, and its extremely low annual yield, it is far from meeting the continuously growing market demand. Currently, large-scale artificial cultivation has become the mainstream approach to ensuring the supply of raw materials. However, the domestic Phellinus linteus cultivation technology using substitute materials is still imperfect, generally suffering from low yields and low content of effective components, severely restricting the large-scale and high-quality development of the Phellinus linteus industry.

[0003] Currently, a Chinese invention patent with publication number CN120731799A and publication date of October 3, 2025, proposes a cultivation method for high-yield and high-quality Sanghuang mushrooms. The method includes inoculation, mycelium growth management, fruiting management, and harvesting steps. In the mycelium growth management step, the mushroom bags are shortened by longitudinal compression and cultivation continues until fruiting management begins. In the fruiting management step, a rectangular fruiting opening is made in the middle of the mushroom bag for Sanghuang fruiting management. Finally, 100-120 days after the opening is made, Sanghuang fruiting bodies are obtained, which solves the problems of low yield and insufficient effective components in traditional Sanghuang cultivation.

[0004] However, the inventors discovered that in the above-mentioned technical solution, a rectangular fruiting opening is made in the middle of the mushroom bag. The opening is too inward, and the mycelium in the corresponding area is in a deep, low-oxygen environment inside the mushroom bag for a long time. The mycelium has low oxygen partial pressure and low physiological activity, and cannot quickly form highly active yellowing points after the opening is made. This leads to slow primordium formation and ultimately delayed yellowing. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problem of delayed yellowing in the cultivation of Phellinus linteus, this invention provides a method for cultivating Phellinus linteus.

[0006] This application provides a method for cultivating Phellinus linteus, which adopts the following technical solution: A method for cultivating Phellinus linteus includes the following steps: Preparation of substrate: The substrate comprises, by mass parts: 75-80 parts of virgin sawdust, 15-20 parts of wheat bran, 4-8 parts of corn flour, 0.8-1.2 parts of lime, and 63-65 parts of water; Mix the substrate, stir evenly, pack into bags using a mortise-and-tenon method, and then sterilize under high pressure to obtain culture medium bags; Inoculation and cultivation: Cool the culture medium bag to 26-28℃, inoculate with liquid Sanghuang mycelium, seal the opening with a sterile sponge plug to obtain the mycelium bag, transfer the mycelium bag to the cultivation workshop, and cultivate at 23-25℃ for 65-75 days to obtain Sanghuang mycelium bag; Cultivation and Management: Arrange the Sanghuang fungus bags in a row. After the bags are arranged, remove the sterile sponge plug at the inoculation hole and let the yellow fungus emerge from the hole. Then, manage the yellowing process for 30 to 60 days under the conditions of 26-28℃, humidity 85-90%, carbon dioxide concentration 600-1000ppm, and light intensity 300-800Lux. Collection: Harvest after the fruiting bodies of Phellinus linteus mature.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, the native sawdust provides sufficient lignin, cellulose and other basic carbon sources for the growth of Sanghuang, while wheat bran and corn flour supplement nitrogen sources, vitamins and minerals, prevent the growth of miscellaneous bacteria, and further achieve stable and efficient cultivation of Sanghuang under suitable conditions.

[0008] The cultivation method, which allows the mycelium to directly develop yellow spores at the inoculation site, eliminates the need for mechanical damage such as slicing the substrate bag. This avoids delays in yellowing due to mycelial re-healing and environmental stress. During the mycelial growth stage, the inside of the substrate bag is compact and low in oxygen, while the inoculation site, being connected to the outside, has a higher oxygen partial pressure and better aeration, forming a significant oxygen gradient. At the same time, the inoculation channel provides the least-resistance growth path for mycelial growth. Therefore, the mycelium will naturally grow and accumulate along the inoculation channel towards the inoculation site area, resulting in the early formation of a dense mycelial layer at the site. This allows the primordia of the mulberry fungus to rapidly differentiate at the site and directly enter normal growth. As a result, the yellowing is uniform, not delayed, and the growth is stable. The overall cultivation cycle is controllable, making it suitable for large-scale, high-efficiency production of organic mulberry fungus.

[0009] Optionally, in the base material preparation step, the base material further includes 0.5 to 0.9 parts of an in-situ curing agent; the in-situ curing agent includes glucomannan, xanthan gum, and calcium chloride, wherein the mass ratio of glucomannan, xanthan gum, and calcium chloride is 6 to 8:3 to 4:1.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solutions, the network structure formed by glucomannan and xanthan gum can be embedded in the pores of the substrate, enhancing the substrate's formability and water retention, and solving the problem that the substrate is prone to loosening and nutrient loss when the fungal outlet is the only outlet for fruiting. At the same time, the molecular sieve effect of the network structure intercepts nutrients in the substrate, delaying nutrient leakage. In addition, calcium chloride undergoes a specific cross-linking reaction with glucomannan and xanthan gum, improving the substrate's resistance to breakage without clogging the substrate pores or affecting air permeability, preventing the fungal bags from breaking during the bag-laying and fruiting process, reducing the risk of contamination, and providing a continuous and stable growth substrate for the growth of Sanghuang mycelium and the development of fruiting bodies, ultimately improving the yield and quality of Sanghuang.

[0011] Optionally, in the base material preparation step, the base material further includes 0.3 to 0.5 parts of locust bean gum.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, firstly, the hydroxyl groups on the Sophora japonica gum molecular chain form hydrogen bonds with the molecular chains of glucomannan and xanthan gum, improving the network structure of the substrate, enhancing its mechanical strength and formability, and preventing damage to the mycelium bags during handling and packing. Simultaneously, its hydrophilic groups can adsorb a large amount of water, delaying the evaporation of moisture from the substrate and maintaining stable internal humidity, providing a continuous moisture environment for mycelial growth. Secondly, Sophora japonica gum is a natural polysaccharide that can be slowly decomposed by cellulase and pectinase secreted by the Phellinus linteus mycelium, producing small molecule sugars such as glucose and galactose, supplementing... The carbon source required for mycelial growth, along with the small amounts of minerals it contains, such as calcium and potassium, enhances the mycelial metabolism and accumulates sufficient nutrients for fruiting body development. Secondly, Sophora japonica gum reduces the contact area between spores of other fungi and the substrate, while also improving the mycelium's resistance to adverse conditions, such as resistance to infection by other fungi, thus reducing the risk of contamination during cultivation. Finally, the slight thickening effect of Sophora japonica gum improves the water-holding capacity of the substrate, preventing fruiting bodies from becoming shriveled and deformed due to uneven water supply, indirectly improving the appearance and commercial value of Phellinus linteus fruiting bodies, while also simplifying water replenishment during cultivation and reducing labor costs.

[0013] Optionally, during the cultivation and management process, the Sanghuang mushroom bags can be arranged using a grid rack.

[0014] By adopting the above-mentioned technical solutions, compared with traditional cultivation methods such as stacking, the grid frame can achieve layered placement of mushroom bags, improving space utilization, increasing the number of mushroom bags per unit area, and improving cultivation efficiency. At the same time, layered placement ensures uniform ventilation around each mushroom bag, preventing mutual shading between bags and ensuring that temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide concentration, and light can act evenly on each bag during the yellowing stage, preventing local environmental imbalances that could lead to uneven fruiting body growth or deformities. In addition, the structure of the grid frame facilitates daily inspections, watering, ventilation, and other management operations for staff, reducing labor intensity, while also reducing friction and collisions between mushroom bags, lowering the damage rate, reducing the risk of contamination by other microorganisms, and thus ensuring the consistency of Sanghuang fruiting body growth and quality stability.

[0015] Optionally, in the cultivation and management step, after removing the sterile sponge plug at the inoculation hole, a porous carbon-based nutrient sustained-release microsphere supply step is further provided, the porous carbon-based nutrient sustained-release microsphere supply step including: Preparation of sustained-release nutrient microspheres: Using 100 parts of corn cob charcoal as a porous carrier, 25-35 parts of plant protein peptides, 15-20 parts of complex amino acids, and 1-2 parts of inorganic trace element salts were loaded. The inorganic trace element salts were a mixture of zinc sulfate, sodium selenite, and magnesium sulfate, wherein the mass ratio of zinc sulfate, sodium selenite, and magnesium sulfate was 1-3:1:1-3. A composite coating was then applied to the outer layer, and the microspheres were prepared by spray drying. The composite coating consisted of polylactic acid and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, wherein the mass ratio of polylactic acid to hydroxypropyl methylcellulose was 2-4:1. Application: Place the nutrient slow-release microspheres on the substrate surface inside the inoculation hole, 2-4 microspheres per inoculation hole.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, the rich microporous and mesoporous structure of corn cob charcoal is used to load plant protein peptides, complex amino acids and inorganic trace element salts. It also has good biocompatibility, no toxic side effects, and can be slowly decomposed by microorganisms to replenish carbon sources. In addition, its porous structure can regulate the humidity of the microenvironment at the opening and promote gas exchange, creating suitable conditions for the growth of fruiting bodies.

[0017] Plant protein peptides are directly absorbed by the mycelium for rapid nitrogen replenishment, while compound amino acids comprehensively supplement nutrition and promote the synthesis of active ingredients in the fruiting body, thereby enhancing mycelial resistance, increasing the selenium content of Phellinus linteus, and promoting nutrient conversion. The composite coating regulates the nutrient release rate, releasing a small amount of nutrients in the early stage of yellowing to meet the basic needs of primordia differentiation in the fruiting body. During the rapid growth stage of the fruiting body, the coating gradually degrades, releasing a large amount of nutrients to supply the growth requirements. In the mature stage of the fruiting body, the release rate slows down to avoid nutrient waste, while being easily biodegradable and residue-free, improving environmental safety. This solves the problem that the opening of the fruiting body is the only channel for yellowing, making it difficult to continuously supply nutrients and thus affecting the maturity of the fruiting body.

[0018] Optionally, in the cultivation and management step, after removing the sterile sponge plug at the inoculation hole, a moisturizing system application step is also provided. The moisturizing system includes, by weight, 8-12 parts shellac resin and 88-92 parts deionized water. The moisturizing system application step is set after the porous carbon-based nutrient slow-release microsphere supply step.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, shellac resin has good film-forming and moisturizing properties. When applied to the fruiting body opening, it forms a breathable and moisturizing film that locks in the moisture inside the substrate, preventing rapid evaporation and avoiding dehydration and poor development of the fruiting bodies. At the same time, it allows gas exchange and does not affect the respiration of the mycelium and fruiting bodies of Phellinus linteus. When placed after the supply of nutrient-slow-release microspheres, it also prevents the microspheres from becoming ineffective due to moisture loss, ensuring the effect of nutrient slow release while providing a stable humidity environment for the growth of fruiting bodies. This solves the problem of rapid moisture evaporation at the fruiting body opening, which is an open channel for fruiting body growth, thus further improving the quality and yield of Phellinus linteus fruiting bodies.

[0020] Optionally, the moisturizing system further includes γ-polyglutamic acid and nanocellulose, wherein the moisturizing system comprises, by weight, 8-12 parts shellac resin, 0.5-1.5 parts γ-polyglutamic acid, 0.4-0.8 parts nanocellulose, and 85.7-91.1 parts deionized water; the preparation method of the moisturizing system is as follows: First, add shellac resin to deionized water and stir at 60-70℃ until dissolved. Then add γ-polyglutamic acid and nanocellulose, and continue stirring for 15-20 minutes until completely mixed. Cool to 20-25℃ and sterilize before use.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, the strong hydrophilicity of γ-polyglutamic acid is used to compensate for the short water retention time of shellac resin. The large number of carboxyl and hydroxyl groups on the molecular chain adsorb water, forming a stable water storage layer, extending the moisturizing cycle and reducing the frequency of artificial water replenishment. Nanocellulose fills the tiny gaps in the shellac resin membrane, enhancing the mechanical toughness and structural stability of the membrane, preventing the membrane from cracking and falling off due to environmental fluctuations. At the same time, its porous structure further optimizes the air permeability of the membrane, ensuring the normal exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide at the opening.

[0022] In addition, the small molecule peptides and amino acids produced after the decomposition of γ-polyglutamic acid provide a small amount of nitrogen source and nutrients for the growth of mycelia and fruiting bodies. At the same time, the decomposition process leaves no toxic or harmful residues, which is in line with green organic cultivation. The small amount of nutrients released by the nutrient-slow-release microspheres adsorbed by nanocellulose forms a local nutrient enrichment zone at the entrance of the funnel, which indirectly promotes the growth of fruiting bodies.

[0023] Optionally, in the cultivation and management steps, the lighting used is bilateral symmetrical lighting, with the angle of each side of the lighting forming an angle of 45 to 60 degrees with the plane of the inoculation hole.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, the use of bilateral symmetrical lighting ensures that the fruiting bodies of Sanghuang receive uniform light stimulation, avoiding the growth deviation and morphological deformity caused by unilateral lighting, and ensuring that the fruiting bodies are regular in shape and uniform in size. The lighting angle allows the light to fully illuminate the primordia of the fruiting bodies at the mouth, promoting pigment synthesis and morphological development of the fruiting bodies, and improving the appearance quality and commercial value of Sanghuang.

[0025] Optionally, during the cultivation and management process, 10 to 15 days after the yellowing stage, the edge of the inoculation hole is gently punctured with a sterile needle to form 3 to 5 micropores with a diameter of 1.0 to 2.0 mm.

[0026] By adopting the above technical solution, after 10-15 days of yellowing management, the primordia of the Sanghuang fruiting bodies have initially differentiated and formed, and are in a rapid growth stage. Their oxygen demand is higher than that of the mycelium cultivation stage and the early yellowing stage. At the same time, their resistance to mechanical damage is improved. At this time, piercing can ensure the continuity and stability of fruiting body development. Piercing at the edge of the pit avoids the core growth area of ​​the primordia, minimizing mechanical damage to the primordia. At the same time, the edge of the pit is close to the surface of the substrate, and the micropores directly connect the interior of the substrate with the external environment, improving gas exchange efficiency, promoting the respiratory metabolism of mycelia inside the substrate, and thus promoting the transport of nutrients from the mycelia to the fruiting bodies, accelerating the growth of the fruiting bodies, and accelerating the synthesis and accumulation of active ingredients, such as Sanghuang polysaccharides and flavonoids, thereby improving the internal quality of Sanghuang. At the same time, sufficient oxygen supply ensures uniform growth of the fruiting bodies, avoiding morphological deformities and uneven coloring caused by local hypoxia, thus improving the appearance quality and commercial value of the fruiting bodies.

[0027] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. By adopting an organic cultivation method that allows yellowing directly from the inoculation site, the mycelium is directed and enriched along the path of least resistance through the natural high-oxygen channel at the inoculation site. This promotes the rapid differentiation of Phellinus linteus primordia at the inoculation site and allows them to directly enter the normal growth state. This results in uniform and undelayed yellowing, and the overall cultivation cycle is controllable, making it suitable for the large-scale and efficient production of organic Phellinus linteus.

[0028] 2. By using a curing agent, the formability and water retention of the substrate are enhanced, solving the problem that the substrate is prone to loosening and nutrient loss as the only outlet for the mycelium of Phellinus linteus. At the same time, through the molecular sieve effect of the mesh structure, nutrients in the substrate are intercepted, delaying nutrient leakage and providing a continuous and stable growth substrate for the growth of Phellinus linteus mycelium and the development of fruiting bodies, ultimately improving the yield and quality of Phellinus linteus.

[0029] 3. By using porous carbon-based slow-release nutrient microspheres, the humidity of the microenvironment at the fruiting body opening is regulated and gas exchange is promoted, creating suitable conditions for the growth of fruiting bodies. At the same time, it enhances the mycelial resistance, increases the selenium content of Phellinus linteus, and promotes nutrient conversion, thus solving the problem of continuous nutrient supply at the fruiting body opening, which is the only channel for Phellinus linteus to produce fruiting bodies.

[0030] 4. By adopting a coating moisturizing system, the moisture inside the substrate is locked in to prevent rapid evaporation and avoid the fruiting bodies from drying out and developing poorly. At the same time, it allows gas exchange and does not affect the respiration of the Phellinus linteus mycelium and fruiting bodies. It is placed after the supply of nutrient slow-release microspheres, and at the same time, it prevents the microspheres from becoming ineffective due to moisture loss. While ensuring the effect of nutrient slow release, it provides a stable humidity environment for the growth of fruiting bodies. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a comparison chart of the average yield of Sanghuang in Examples 3 and 6. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments.

[0033] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the embodiments of this application are all conventional methods, and the materials used are all commercially available unless otherwise specified. The raw materials used are free of chemical pesticides, fertilizers and prohibited additives, and meet the requirements of organic cultivation.

[0034] Example 1: This example discloses a method for cultivating Phellinus linteus.

[0035] 1. A method for cultivating Phellinus linteus, comprising the following steps: Base material preparation: The base material comprises, by weight, 75 parts virgin sawdust, 20 parts wheat bran, 4 parts corn flour, 0.8 parts lime, and 63 parts water. The above base material components are added sequentially to a mixing tank and stirred in two stages until uniformly mixed. Polypropylene bags are then automatically filled using a bagging line, with each bag weighing 1.4 ± 0.03 kg wet. The bagged base material is then placed in a high-pressure steam sterilizer, with a sterilization temperature of 121℃, a sterilization pressure of 0.12 MPa, and a sterilization time of 3 hours to obtain the culture medium package. Inoculation and cultivation: Cool the culture medium bag to 27℃ and inoculate it with liquid Sanghuang mycelium. The inoculation amount for each culture medium bag is 15mL. After inoculation, immediately seal the opening with a sterile sponge plug to obtain the mycelium bag. Transfer the mycelium bag to the cultivation workshop, which is disinfected with ozone in advance. Cultivate it at 24℃ and 65% relative humidity for 70 days to obtain Sanghuang mycelium bags. Cultivation and Management: Arrange the Sanghuang fungus bags in a conventional two-layer stacked manner. After the bags are arranged, remove the sterile sponge plug at the inoculation hole and allow the Sanghuang to naturally emerge from the hole. Emergence conditions: 27℃, relative humidity 88%, carbon dioxide concentration 800ppm, light intensity 500Lux, light duration 12h per day, and 45 days of emergence management. Collection: When the fruiting bodies of Phellinus linteus mature, exhibiting a deep yellow to brownish-yellow color, smooth surface, neat edges, firm texture, and a thickness of more than 1.5cm, cut off the base of the fruiting body to obtain the fruiting body.

[0036] The following are the components: ① Native sawdust can be selected from one or more combinations of mulberry sawdust, oak sawdust, poplar sawdust, and birch sawdust; in this embodiment, oak sawdust is selected. ② Bran can be selected from one or more combinations of organic barley bran, organic oat bran, and organic wheat bran; in this embodiment, organic wheat bran is selected. ③ Corn flour is selected from organic corn flour, with a moisture content ≤10wt% and a starch content ≥70wt%. ④ Lime is selected from quicklime and calcium oxide. ⑤ The liquid inoculum for Phellinus linteus is selected from Fomitopsis coarseness, with a liquid inoculum concentration of 1.2×10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / mL, inoculation rate ≥95% after 24 hours; ⑥ In this embodiment, medical-grade sterile sponge plugs are used.

[0037] 2. Testing: The collected Phellinus linteus fruiting bodies were tested for the following indicators: (1) Crude polysaccharide: mg / 100g, which reflects the activity and efficacy of Sanghuang. The higher the crude polysaccharide content, the stronger the immune regulation, antioxidant and liver protection functions of Sanghuang. At the same time, it can indirectly reflect whether the nutrient supply during the cultivation of Sanghuang is sufficient and the maturity of the fruiting body. Generally, the higher the maturity, the more sufficient the crude polysaccharide accumulation. The detection is based on the "Detection Method of Functional Components of Health Food (2011 Edition)". (2) Polysaccharide (calculated as anhydrous glucose): %, is a supplement and refinement of the crude polysaccharide index, reflecting the purity of Sanghuang polysaccharide and the proportion of effective active ingredients. The higher the ratio, the higher the purity of polysaccharide and the fewer impurities, and the stronger the targeted efficacy of Sanghuang; the test is based on the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, Part I. (3) Total flavonoids (calculated as rutin): g / 100g, reflecting the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capabilities of Phellinus linteus. The higher the total flavonoid content, the stronger the antioxidant effect, which can reduce free radical damage; the detection is based on the "Detection Methods for Efficacy Components of Health Foods (2011 Edition)"; (4) Total triterpenes: g / 100g, reflecting the medicinal efficacy of Sanghuang. The higher the total triterpenes content, the more significant the anti-tumor and lipid-regulating effects of Sanghuang. The detection method is based on the "Detection Method of Efficacy Components of Health Food (2011 Edition)".

[0038] Example 2: This example discloses a method for cultivating Phellinus linteus.

[0039] A method for cultivating Phellinus linteus, wherein in the base material preparation step, the base material comprises, by mass parts: 80 parts of raw sawdust, 15 parts of wheat bran, 8 parts of corn flour, 1.2 parts of lime, and 65 parts of water; the other components are the same as in Example 1.

[0040] Example 3: This example discloses a method for cultivating Phellinus linteus.

[0041] A method for cultivating Phellinus linteus, wherein in the base material preparation step, the base material comprises, by mass parts: 77.5 parts of raw sawdust, 17.5 parts of wheat bran, 6 parts of corn flour, 1.0 part of lime, and 64 parts of water; the other components are the same as in Example 1.

[0042] Example 4: This example discloses a method for cultivating Phellinus linteus.

[0043] In a method for cultivating Phellinus linteus, in the base material preparation step, the base material further includes 0.7 parts of an in-situ curing agent; the in-situ curing agent includes: glucomannan, xanthan gum, and calcium chloride, wherein the mass ratio of glucomannan, xanthan gum, and calcium chloride is 7:3.5:1; before use, the above components of the in-situ curing agent should be mixed evenly. The base material comprises, by mass parts: 77.5 parts virgin wood chips, 17.5 parts wheat bran, 6 parts corn flour, 1.0 part lime, 64 parts water, and 0.7 parts in-situ curing agent; In this embodiment, ① glucomannan has a molecular weight of 25000±5000 Da and a viscosity of 650±150 mPa·s; ② xanthan gum has a viscosity of ≥1000 mPa·s at 25°C; ③ calcium chloride is anhydrous calcium chloride; and the rest are the same as in Example 3.

[0044] Example 5: This example discloses a method for cultivating Phellinus linteus.

[0045] In a method for cultivating Phellinus linteus, the base material preparation step includes 0.4 parts of Sophora japonica gum; when using it, the in-situ curing agent and Sophora japonica gum are first mixed evenly, and then added together to a mixing tank for mixing. The base material comprises, by weight parts: 77.5 parts virgin sawdust, 17.5 parts wheat bran, 6 parts corn flour, 1.0 part lime, 64 parts water, 0.7 parts in-situ curing agent, and 0.4 parts locust bean gum; In this embodiment, ① locust bean gum, 25℃, viscosity ≥800mPa·s; ② calcium chloride is anhydrous calcium chloride; the rest are the same as in Example 4.

[0046] Example 6: This example discloses a method for cultivating Phellinus linteus.

[0047] In this embodiment, during the cultivation and management steps, the Sanghuang fungus bags are arranged in a grid rack manner, with a single layer of Sanghuang fungus bags placed on each grid rack; everything else is the same as in Example 5.

[0048] Example 7: This example discloses a method for cultivating Phellinus linteus.

[0049] A method for cultivating Phellinus linteus includes a porous carbon-based nutrient sustained-release microsphere supply step after removing the sterile sponge plug at the inoculation site during the cultivation management process. The porous carbon-based nutrient sustained-release microsphere supply step is as follows: Preparation of sustained-release nutrient microspheres: Using 100 parts of corn cob charcoal as a porous carrier, 30 parts of plant protein peptides, 18 parts of compound amino acids, and 1.5 parts of inorganic trace element salts were added and stirred for 30 minutes to ensure the nutrient components were uniformly loaded onto the surface of the corn cob charcoal. Then, the composite coating component was taken, and anhydrous ethanol was added, with the amount of anhydrous ethanol being 5 times the total mass of the composite coating component. The mixture was stirred to dissolve, forming a uniform and transparent coating solution. The nutrient-loaded corn cob charcoal was then placed in a spray dryer, and the coating solution was sprayed simultaneously. The spray drying process was then initiated. The mixture is dried at 120℃, with an inlet air velocity of 1.5m / s and an outlet air velocity of 0.8m / s until the moisture content is ≤8wt%, producing nutrient-release microspheres with a particle size of 2.5±0.5mm. These microspheres are then sterilized and ready for use. The inorganic trace element salt is a mixture of zinc sulfate, sodium selenite, and magnesium sulfate, wherein the mass ratio of zinc sulfate, sodium selenite, and magnesium sulfate is 2:1:2. The composite coating comprises polylactic acid and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, wherein the mass ratio of polylactic acid to hydroxypropyl methylcellulose is 3:1. Application: Place the nutrient slow-release microspheres on the substrate surface inside the inoculation hole, 3±1 microspheres per inoculation hole; In this embodiment, ① corn cob charcoal has a particle size of 75±25 mesh; ② plant protein peptides can be organic soybean protein peptides, organic pea protein peptides, or organic wheat protein peptides, and organic soybean protein peptides are selected in this embodiment; ③ compound amino acids are selected from compound amino acid powder containing 18 essential amino acids with a purity ≥95%; ④ polylactic acid has a molecular weight of 75000±25000 Da; ⑤ hydroxypropyl methylcellulose has a viscosity ≥500 mPa·s at 25°C. Everything else is the same as in Example 6.

[0050] Example 8: This example discloses a method for cultivating Phellinus linteus.

[0051] A method for cultivating Phellinus linteus includes a moisturizing system application step after removing the sterile sponge plug at the inoculation site during the cultivation management process. The moisturizing system comprises, by weight, 10 parts shellac resin and 90 parts deionized water. This moisturizing system application step is performed after the porous carbon-based nutrient slow-release microsphere supply step. In this embodiment, the shellac resin has a purity ≥98%. Preparation of moisturizing system: Take shellac resin and add it to deionized water, stir at 65℃ until completely dissolved, cool to 22.5±2.5℃, and sterilize by high pressure steam at 121℃ for 30 minutes, then set aside. Application process: Apply the moisturizing system evenly to the edge and inner wall of the inoculation pit, with a thickness of 0.15±0.5mm; Everything else is the same as in Example 7.

[0052] Example 9: This example discloses a method for cultivating Phellinus linteus.

[0053] A method for cultivating Phellinus linteus, wherein in the cultivation and management steps, the moisturizing system further includes γ-polyglutamic acid and nanocellulose, and the moisturizing system comprises, by weight, 10 parts shellac resin, 1.0 part γ-polyglutamic acid, 0.6 parts nanocellulose, and 88.4 parts deionized water; the preparation method of the moisturizing system is as follows: First, add shellac resin to deionized water and stir at 65℃ until dissolved. Then add γ-polyglutamic acid and nanocellulose, and continue stirring for 18 minutes until completely mixed. Cool to 22.5±2.5℃ and sterilize by autoclaving at 121℃ for 30 minutes. Everything else is the same as in Example 8.

[0054] Example 10: This example discloses a method for cultivating Phellinus linteus.

[0055] A method for cultivating Phellinus linteus involves using symmetrical lighting on both sides during the cultivation management process. Organic cultivation-specific LED supplemental lights are installed on both sides of the cultivation rack, with the light angle on each side forming a 50-degree angle with the plane of the inoculation hole. The lighting time is 12 hours per day, and the light intensity on both sides is consistent. On the 12th day of the yellowing management, use a sterile needle to gently prick the edge of the inoculation hole to form 4 microholes with a diameter of 1.5±0.5mm. Avoid damaging the fruiting bodies and hyphae at the hole opening. After pricking the holes, continue the yellowing management. The total yellowing management time is still 45 days. Everything else is the same as in Example 9.

[0056] The *Phellinus linteus* collected in Examples 3 and 10 were tested for prohibited pesticide indicators. The testing was conducted according to the *Chinese Pharmacopoeia* 2020 Edition, Supplement 1, Part IV, General Chapter 2341, Method 5, 4.2, for the determination of pesticide residues. The tested indicators included: methamidophos, methyl parathion, parathion, monocrotophos, phosphamidon, α-HCH, β-HCH, δ-HCH, γ-HCH, HCH (the sum of α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH, and δ-HCH), 4,4'-DDT, 4,4'-DDT, 2,4'-DDT, 4,4'-DDT, and DDT (4,4'-DDT, 2,4'-DDT). DDT, 4,4'-DDT and 4,4'-DDT total), amitraz, chlorfenapyr, aldrin, dieldrin, benzylphos, benzylphos sulfone, benzylphos sulfoxide, benzylphos (the sum of benzylphos, benzylphos sulfone, and benzylphos sulfoxide, expressed as benzylphos), terbufos, thion, phosmet, pyrimethanil, terbufos, terbufos sulfone, terbufos sulfone, terbufos (the sum of terbufos, terbufos sulfone, and terbufo sulfoxide, expressed as terbufos), chlorsulfuron Methylsulfuron, methylsulfuron, methyl phosphonium, methyl phosphonium sulfone, methyl phosphonium sulfoxide, methyl phosphonium (total of methyl phosphonium, methyl phosphonium sulfone, and methyl phosphonium sulfoxide, expressed as methyl phosphonium), methyl isofenphos, demeton-methyl, carbofuran, 3-hydroxycarbofuran, carbofuran (total of carbofuran and 3-hydroxycarbofuran, expressed as carbofuran), aldicarb, aldicarb sulfone, aldicarb sulfoxide, aldicarb (total of aldicarb, aldicarb sulfone, and aldicarb sulfoxide, expressed as aldicarb), ethoprophos, chlorpyrifos The following substances were tested: methamidophos, endosulfan (α), endosulfan (β), endosulfan sulfate, endosulfan (the sum of endosulfan (α), endosulfan (β), and endosulfan sulfate), fipronil, flufenoxuron, fipronil sulfone, fipronil sulfoxide, fipronil (the sum of fipronil, flufenoxuron, fipronil sulfone, and fipronil sulfoxide, expressed as fipronil), trichlorfon, thiocyclophosphide, and methyl thiocyclophosphide. All the above test results were below the detection limit, therefore all results were negative, indicating that the collected *Sanghuang* meets the organic standard.

[0057] Comparative Example 1: This comparative example discloses a method for cultivating Phellinus linteus.

[0058] A method for cultivating Phellinus linteus involves managing the yellowing process of Phellinus linteus without removing the sterile sponge plug from the inoculation hole or the opening of the inoculation hole. Instead, a rectangular yellowing opening is made in the middle of the mushroom bag for managing the yellowing process. Everything else is the same as in Example 3.

[0059] Comparative Example 2: This comparative example discloses a method for cultivating Phellinus linteus.

[0060] A method for cultivating Phellinus linteus involves inoculating the culture medium with liquid Phellinus linteus in the inoculation and mycelium cultivation steps by cooling the culture medium package to 35°C. Everything else is the same as in Example 3.

[0061] Comparative Example 3: This comparative example discloses a method for cultivating Phellinus linteus.

[0062] A method for cultivating Phellinus linteus involves transferring the spawn bags to a culture workshop during the inoculation and culture process, and culturing them for 70 days at 28°C and 75% relative humidity to obtain Phellinus linteus spawn bags. Everything else is the same as in Example 3.

[0063] Comparative Example 4: This comparative example discloses a method for cultivating Phellinus linteus.

[0064] A method for cultivating Phellinus linteus, wherein the cultivation management steps include the following conditions for yellowing: 30℃, relative humidity 80%, carbon dioxide concentration 1200ppm, light intensity 200Lux, light duration 12h per day, and yellowing management for 45 days. Everything else is the same as in Example 3.

[0065] The collected Sanghuang from Examples 1-10 and Comparative Examples 1-4 were tested, and the results are shown in Table 1. The yield data of Sanghuang cultivated in stacked packages in Example 3 and Sanghuang cultivated in grid racks in Example 6 are shown in Table 2. The average yield comparison chart is also shown. Figure 1 : Table 1. Detection results of Examples 1-10 and Comparative Examples 1-4

[0066] Table 2. Production data of Sanghuang in Examples 3 and 6

[0067] Comparing Examples 1-3, it can be seen that the content of each indicator in Example 3 is slightly higher than that in Examples 1 and 2, indicating that the balanced composition of the substrate is more conducive to the absorption and utilization of nutrients by the mycelium of *Sanghuang*. The content of crude polysaccharide, polysaccharide, and total flavonoids in Example 1 is slightly higher than that in Example 2, while the content of total triterpenoids in Example 2 is slightly higher than that in Example 1. The reason for this is that Example 1 has a higher proportion of wheat bran, which can provide a more sufficient nitrogen source and is more conducive to the synthesis of crude polysaccharide and total flavonoids; Example 2 has a higher proportion of wheat bran and a higher proportion of virgin sawdust, which provides a more sufficient carbon source and is relatively more conducive to the synthesis of triterpenoids. Overall, all three examples can meet the basic cultivation requirements of *Sanghuang*.

[0068] By comparing Example 4 with Example 3, it can be seen that the addition of an in-situ curing agent to the base material in Example 4 significantly increased the content of crude polysaccharides and total flavonoids compared to Example 3, while the polysaccharide content increased slightly. The glucomannan and xanthan gum in the in-situ curing agent form a three-dimensional network structure, which can lock in the moisture and nutrients in the base material and reduce nutrient loss. At the same time, calcium chloride enhances the curing effect, maintains the structural stability of the base material, and provides a continuous and stable nutrient supply for the growth of Phellinus linteus mycelium, especially promoting the synthesis and accumulation of crude polysaccharides and total flavonoids.

[0069] By comparing Example 5 with Example 4, it can be seen that Example 5, by adding Sophora japonica gum to the base material and mixing the in-situ curing agent with Sophora japonica gum before adding it to the base material, has higher performance in all aspects than Example 4. Sophora japonica gum has good thickening and stability, further optimizing the rheological properties and water and fertilizer retention capacity of the base material. At the same time, Sophora japonica gum is partially degraded and utilized by Phellinus linteus mycelium, supplementing nutrients and further promoting mycelial growth and synthesis of active ingredients.

[0070] By comparing Example 6 with Example 5, it can be seen that Example 6 changed the arrangement of the Sanghuang mycelium bags from two-layer stacked bags to a single-layer flat arrangement on a grid frame. The test data showed that the contents of crude polysaccharides, polysaccharides, total flavonoids, and total triterpenes were significantly increased. At the same time, the yield data showed that the average yield of the grid frame cultivation increased by 103.23% compared with the stacked bag cultivation in Example 3. The single-layer mycelium bags set by the grid frame can obtain uniform light, temperature and air circulation, avoiding the problems of uneven local temperature and humidity and poor ventilation caused by stacked bags. It effectively reduces the risk of mycelial hypoxia, promotes uniform growth of Sanghuang fruiting bodies, and not only increases the yield of fruiting bodies, but also provides a more suitable environment for the synthesis and accumulation of active ingredients, achieving a dual improvement in yield and quality.

[0071] By comparing Example 7 with Example 6, it can be seen that Example 7 adds a porous carbon-based nutrient slow-release microsphere supply step in the cultivation management, and the test data shows that the test indicators are further improved. The porous carbon-based nutrient slow-release microspheres use corn cob charcoal as a carrier to release plant protein peptides, complex amino acids and inorganic trace elements, providing continuous nutritional supplementation for the growth of Phellinus linteus fruiting bodies. Among them, complex amino acids and plant protein peptides serve as precursors for the synthesis of active ingredients, and inorganic trace elements activate the activity of related enzymes in Phellinus linteus, promoting the synthesis of crude polysaccharides, total flavonoids and total triterpenes.

[0072] By comparing Example 8 with Example 7, it can be seen that Example 8, by adding a moisturizing coating system after the supply of porous carbon-based nutrient slow-release microspheres, improved the content of each component. The moisturizing coating formed by shellac resin effectively locks in the moisture at the opening, maintaining the high humidity environment required for fruiting and preventing poor growth of the fruiting body due to moisture loss. At the same time, shellac resin has good air permeability and will not affect the respiration of the mycelium, providing stable moisture conditions for the maturation of the fruiting body and the accumulation of active ingredients, further optimizing the quality of Sanghuang.

[0073] By comparing Example 9 with Example 8, it can be seen that Example 9 added γ-polyglutamic acid and nanocellulose to the moisturizing system. The test data showed that the contents of crude polysaccharide, polysaccharide, total flavonoids and total triterpenes continued to increase. γ-polyglutamic acid has a strong water retention capacity, which enhances the water-locking effect of the moisturizing system. At the same time, it is degraded and utilized by Phellinus linteus mycelium to supplement nutrition. Nanocellulose enhances the mechanical strength and breathability of the moisturizing coating, avoids coating cracking, and promotes the adhesion and growth of mycelium, further optimizing the yellowing environment and promoting the synthesis and accumulation of Phellinus linteus active ingredients.

[0074] By comparing Example 10 with Example 9, it can be seen that Example 10 used bilateral symmetrical lighting and punctured the edge of the fruiting body on the 12th day of the yellowing management. The content of each content in the test data reached the highest value among all examples. Bilateral symmetrical lighting makes the fruiting body receive light evenly, promotes the activity of photosynthetic enzymes, and accelerates the synthesis of active ingredients. Puncture of the fruiting body improves the ventilation conditions at the fruiting body, reduces the carbon dioxide concentration, avoids the inhibition of mycelial growth and fruiting body development by carbon dioxide accumulation, and promotes the transport of nutrients to the fruiting body, further improving the quality and active ingredient content of Sanghuang.

[0075] By comparing Comparative Example 1 and Example 3, it can be seen that Comparative Example 1 used a rectangular opening in the middle of the fungal bag to produce yellowing instead of a recessed opening. The test data showed that the content of each active ingredient was significantly lower than that of Example 3. The recessed opening allows the fruiting bodies to grow in a concentrated manner, which facilitates the concentrated supply of nutrients and the retention of moisture. However, the opening in the middle of the fungal bag is too far inward. The corresponding area of ​​mycelium is in a deep low-oxygen environment inside the fungal bag for a long time. The mycelium has low oxygen partial pressure and low physiological activity. After the opening is made, it is impossible to quickly form a highly active yellowing point for Sanghuang, which leads to a decline in the quality of Sanghuang.

[0076] By comparing Comparative Example 2 and Example 3, it can be seen that Comparative Example 2 cooled the culture medium package to 35°C instead of 27°C during inoculation. The test data showed that the content of each active ingredient was at the lowest level among all experimental groups. Excessive temperature will damage the activity of the strain, reduce the strain's consumption rate, and lead to slow mycelial growth and weak growth. It will not be able to fully utilize the nutrients in the substrate, thereby inhibiting the synthesis of active ingredients and ultimately causing a significant decline in the quality of Sanghuang.

[0077] By comparing Comparative Example 3 with Example 3, it can be seen that Comparative Example 3 adjusted the mycelial growth conditions to 28℃ and 75% relative humidity, instead of 24℃ and 65% relative humidity. The test data showed that the content of each active ingredient was lower than that of Example 3. Excessive temperature and humidity during the mycelial growth stage will inhibit the normal growth and metabolism of Phellinus linteus mycelium, resulting in insufficient accumulation of nutrients by the mycelium, which in turn affects the development of subsequent fruiting bodies and the synthesis of active ingredients, thus reducing the quality of Phellinus linteus.

[0078] By comparing Comparative Example 4 with Example 3, it can be seen that when the yellowing conditions of Comparative Example 4 were adjusted to 30℃, 80% relative humidity, 1200ppm carbon dioxide concentration, and 200Lux light intensity, the test data showed that the content of each active ingredient was low. The excessively high temperature, insufficient humidity, excessively high carbon dioxide concentration, and insufficient light intensity during the yellowing stage do not meet the growth requirements of Sanghuang fruiting bodies: excessively high temperature accelerates the aging of fruiting bodies, insufficient humidity leads to water loss of fruiting bodies, high carbon dioxide concentration inhibits the differentiation of fruiting bodies, and weak light affects the synthesis of active ingredients. The combined effect of multiple factors leads to a serious decline in the quality of Sanghuang.

[0079] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating Phellinus linteus, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Preparation of substrate: The substrate comprises, by mass parts: 75-80 parts of virgin sawdust, 15-20 parts of wheat bran, 4-8 parts of corn flour, 0.8-1.2 parts of lime, and 63-65 parts of water; Mix the substrate, stir evenly, pack into bags using a mortise-and-tenon method, and then sterilize under high pressure to obtain culture medium bags; Inoculation and cultivation: Cool the culture medium bag to 26-28℃, inoculate with liquid Sanghuang mycelium, seal the opening with a sterile sponge plug to obtain the mycelium bag, transfer the mycelium bag to the cultivation workshop, and cultivate at 23-25℃ for 65-75 days to obtain Sanghuang mycelium bag; Cultivation and Management: Arrange the Sanghuang fungus bags in a row. After the bags are arranged, remove the sterile sponge plug at the inoculation hole and let the yellow fungus emerge from the hole. Then, manage the yellowing process for 30 to 60 days under the conditions of 26-28℃, humidity 85-90%, carbon dioxide concentration 600-1000ppm, and light intensity 300-800Lux. Collection: Harvest after the fruiting bodies of Phellinus linteus mature.

2. The method for cultivating Phellinus linteus according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the base material preparation step, the base material further includes 0.5 to 0.9 parts of in-situ curing agent; the in-situ curing agent includes: glucomannan, xanthan gum, and calcium chloride, wherein the mass ratio of glucomannan, xanthan gum, and calcium chloride is 6 to 8: 3 to 4:

1.

3. The method for cultivating Phellinus linteus according to claim 2, characterized in that, In the base material preparation step, the base material also includes 0.3 to 0.5 parts of locust bean gum.

4. The method for cultivating Phellinus linteus according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the cultivation and management process, the Sanghuang mushroom bags are arranged using a grid rack method.

5. The method for cultivating Phellinus linteus according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the cultivation and management steps, after removing the sterile sponge plug at the inoculation hole, a porous carbon-based nutrient sustained-release microsphere supply step is also included. This porous carbon-based nutrient sustained-release microsphere supply step includes: Preparation of sustained-release nutrient microspheres: Using 100 parts of corn cob charcoal as a porous carrier, 25-35 parts of plant protein peptides, 15-20 parts of complex amino acids, and 1-2 parts of inorganic trace element salts were loaded. The inorganic trace element salts were a mixture of zinc sulfate, sodium selenite, and magnesium sulfate, wherein the mass ratio of zinc sulfate, sodium selenite, and magnesium sulfate was 1-3:1:1-3. A composite coating was then applied to the outer layer, and the microspheres were prepared by spray drying. The composite coating consisted of polylactic acid and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, wherein the mass ratio of polylactic acid to hydroxypropyl methylcellulose was 2-4:

1. Application: Place the nutrient slow-release microspheres on the substrate surface inside the inoculation hole, 2-4 microspheres per inoculation hole.

6. The method for cultivating Phellinus linteus according to claim 5, characterized in that, In the cultivation and management steps, after removing the sterile sponge plug at the inoculation hole, a moisturizing system application step is also set up. The moisturizing system includes, by weight, 8-12 parts shellac resin and 88-92 parts deionized water. The moisturizing system application step is set after the porous carbon-based nutrient slow-release microsphere supply step.

7. The method for cultivating Phellinus linteus according to claim 6, characterized in that, The moisturizing system further includes γ-polyglutamic acid and nanocellulose. The moisturizing system comprises, by weight, 8-12 parts shellac resin, 0.5-1.5 parts γ-polyglutamic acid, 0.4-0.8 parts nanocellulose, and 85.7-91.1 parts deionized water. The preparation method of the moisturizing system is as follows: First, add shellac resin to deionized water and stir at 60-70℃ until dissolved. Then add γ-polyglutamic acid and nanocellulose, and continue stirring for 15-20 minutes until completely mixed. Cool to 20-25℃ and sterilize before use.

8. The method for cultivating Phellinus linteus according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, In the cultivation and management process, the lighting used is bilateral symmetrical lighting, with the angle of each side of the light source forming an angle of 45 to 60 degrees with the plane of the inoculation hole.

9. The method for cultivating Phellinus linteus according to claim 8, characterized in that, During the cultivation and management process, 10 to 15 days after the yellowing stage, use a sterile needle to gently prick the edge of the inoculation hole to form 3 to 5 micropores with a diameter of 1.0 to 2.0 mm.

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