Adjustable universal positioning fixture for special-shaped material plate in drilling and milling processing environment

Abstract

This invention discloses an adjustable universal positioning fixture for irregularly shaped sheet materials in a drilling and milling environment. It includes: a main positioning structure comprising a fixed part and a sliding part arranged front to back; the fixed part is equipped with a vertically adjustable hook-shaped pressure block; the sliding part is equipped with a wedge clamping mechanism, both the hook-shaped pressure block and the wedge clamping mechanism abutting against the upper surface of the workpiece; a lateral quick-clamping mechanism arranged below the main positioning structure; comprising two lateral sliders arranged left to right, a lateral clamping plate, a three-bar linkage assembly, and a spring return assembly; each lateral slider has at least one mounting position for detachably mounting the lateral clamping plate; the three-bar linkage assembly and the spring return assembly are driven to adjust the opening and closing of the two lateral sliders and to apply an elastic clamping force to the workpiece through the lateral clamping plate. This invention enables stable clamping and precise positioning of non-standard sheet materials with irregular contours in a drilling and milling environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of machining fixture technology, specifically to an adjustable universal positioning fixture for irregularly shaped sheet materials. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of machining, drilling and milling are mainstream machining technologies. Fixtures, as the core components for clamping workpieces during machining, serve the dual functions of clamping and precise positioning. Before machining, the sheet metal workpiece is placed on the fixture for positioning and clamping; after machining, the finished workpiece is removed from the fixture. The performance of the fixture directly affects the entire machining process. Given the crucial role of fixtures in machining, poorly designed fixtures not only affect production efficiency but also production quality and safety.

[0003] With the increasing demand for machining complex structural parts in industrial production, the application scenarios of irregularly shaped sheet materials are becoming more and more widespread, making the issue of stable clamping increasingly prominent. However, existing fixtures for drilling and milling have the following technical shortcomings: Firstly, traditional fixtures are mostly "one-to-one" dedicated designs, which need to be customized according to the size and shape of the specific board to be processed. They have extremely poor versatility, which not only results in high adaptation costs, but also makes it difficult to meet the multi-scenario clamping needs of complex curved and irregularly shaped boards. They cannot cope with the actual production demands of diverse irregularly shaped board structures and flexible processing scenarios.

[0004] Secondly, most existing general-purpose fixtures adopt a screw-on bolt fixing structure, which has poor adjustment flexibility. When processing plates of different thicknesses, it is necessary to frequently disassemble and adjust the overall height of the fixture, which is cumbersome and greatly prolongs the clamping preparation time, resulting in low clamping efficiency and difficulty in meeting the needs of batch processing.

[0005] Third, traditional general-purpose fixtures often use a series locking method to fix the sheet metal, which cannot be adjusted according to the actual size and contour of the sheet metal. This can easily lead to problems such as uneven clamping force distribution and local stress concentration, resulting in micro-deformation of the sheet metal after clamping, which in turn affects the dimensional accuracy and surface quality of subsequent drilling and milling.

[0006] Therefore, for irregularly shaped plates with large size range, irregular edge contours, and some with complex curved surface structures, existing clamping solutions cannot simultaneously achieve flexibility, rapid adjustment capability, and clamping stability. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide an adjustable universal positioning fixture for irregularly shaped sheet materials in drilling and milling environments. This fixture enables stable clamping and precise positioning of sheet materials in drilling and milling environments, and is particularly suitable for non-standard sheet materials with irregular contours.

[0008] The present invention adopts the following technical solution: I. An adjustable universal positioning fixture for irregularly shaped sheet materials in a drilling and milling environment The adjustable universal positioning fixture includes: The main positioning structure includes a fixed part and a sliding part arranged opposite to each other in the front-back direction, wherein the fixed part and the sliding part respectively abut against the two ends of the workpiece in the front-back direction; the fixed part is equipped with at least two hook-shaped pressure blocks, each hook-shaped pressure block being provided with a position adjustment component for adjusting the vertical position; the sliding part is equipped with at least two wedge clamping mechanisms, wherein the hook-shaped pressure blocks and the wedge clamping mechanisms abut against the upper surface of the workpiece; A lateral quick-clamping mechanism is arranged below the main positioning structure; it includes two lateral sliders, at least two lateral clamping plates, a three-bar linkage assembly, and a spring return assembly; the two lateral sliders are arranged opposite each other in the left-right direction, each lateral slider has at least one mounting position, and each lateral clamping plate is detachably mounted on any mounting position, the lateral clamping plate abutting against the side of the workpiece; the two lateral sliders are connected by a three-bar linkage assembly, the three-bar linkage assembly is driven by the spring return assembly to adjust the opening and closing state of the two lateral sliders, and to convert the elastic return force of the spring return assembly into the elastic clamping force of the lateral clamping plate on the workpiece.

[0009] The main positioning structure includes a main positioning plate, a positioning baffle, a sliding plate, and a sliding plate driving assembly; the sliding plate and the positioning baffle serve as the sliding part and the fixed part of the main positioning structure, respectively; the sliding plate is slidably engaged with the main positioning plate, and the positioning baffle is fixedly connected to the main positioning plate; the sliding plate is drively connected to the sliding plate driving assembly. The sliding plate drive assembly includes a guide block, a clamping screw, and two guide rods. The guide block is fixedly installed at the end of the main positioning plate. A threaded hole is provided on the guide block. The axis of the threaded hole is parallel to the front-back direction. The clamping screw passes through the threaded hole and is rotatably connected to the sliding plate. It is axially fixed relative to the sliding plate. The clamping screw is threadedly engaged with the threaded hole. A guide rod is arranged on each side of the guide block, and the guide rod is fixedly connected to the main positioning plate. The sliding plate is slidably sleeved on the two guide rods.

[0010] The sliding plate and the positioning baffle are provided with stepped structures on their opposite surfaces. The stepped structure has at least one upward-facing horizontal stepped surface and one vertical stepped surface facing the workpiece. The two stepped surfaces are used as positioning reference surfaces.

[0011] The position adjustment assembly of the hook-shaped pressure block includes a pin connector, a first connecting rod, a lead screw, a second connecting rod, and a lead screw nut; The hook-shaped pressure block has a clamping end near the workpiece and an adjusting end at the other end. The adjusting end is fixedly connected to the top end of the first connecting rod, and the bottom end of the first connecting rod is hinged to the top end of the second connecting rod. The bottom end of the second connecting rod is hinged to the connecting rod connector, the connecting rod connector is fixedly connected to the lead screw nut, the lead screw nut is threadedly engaged with the lead screw, the lead screw is arranged in the left-right direction, one end is rotatably supported on the fixed part of the main positioning structure, and the other end extends beyond the fixed part to form an operating end; The adjusting end and the fixed part of the main positioning structure are respectively provided with through holes and pin holes. The pin connector passes through the through hole and extends into the pin hole.

[0012] The wedge clamping mechanism includes a wedge base, a first double-ear seat, a wedge pressure block, a roller, a wedge block, a wedge screw, and a rotating handle; The wedge base is arranged on the sliding part of the main positioning structure. A first double-ear seat is installed on the wedge base, and a wedge pressure block is hinged on the first double-ear seat. The end of the wedge pressure block near the workpiece is the clamping end, and the other end is the adjusting end. A roller is arranged on the adjusting end of the wedge pressure block, and a wedge block is arranged below the roller. The wedge block is slidably engaged with the wedge base. The upper surface of the wedge block is inclined and contacts the outer peripheral surface of the roller. The height of the wedge block increases from the end near the roller to the end away from the roller. A wedge screw support is arranged on the outer side of the end of the wedge block away from the roller. The wedge screw support is fixedly connected to the wedge base. A threaded hole is opened on the wedge screw support. The wedge screw passes through the threaded hole and is threadedly engaged with the threaded hole. The wedge screw is arranged in the front-back direction, with one end connected to the wedge block and the other end provided with a rotating handle.

[0013] The inclined plane angle of the wedge block is 30°~45°.

[0014] The lateral quick clamping mechanism includes a base, on the upper surface of the middle part of the base, two lateral sliders are slidably arranged, and the three-bar assembly and the spring return assembly are arranged between the two lateral sliders; The three-bar linkage includes a main link and two auxiliary links symmetrically arranged on both sides of the main link. Each auxiliary link has a lateral slider on its outer side, and the two ends of the auxiliary link are respectively hinged to the lateral slider and the main link. The spring reset assembly includes a reset spring, a moving rod, a moving rod support, a moving handle, a limit block support, and a limit block; The limiting block support and the moving rod support are arranged at relative intervals and are both integrally connected or fixedly connected to the base; The movable rod is movably inserted inside the movable rod support. The movable rod extends in the front-to-back direction, with a movable handle at its first end and a fixed connection to the main connecting rod after passing through the movable rod support at its last end. The movable rod and the main connecting rod are perpendicular to each other. The limiting block is arranged between the main connecting rod and the limiting block support. The limiting block includes a head and a rod that are coaxially arranged. The rod is threadedly engaged with a threaded hole on the limiting block support. The head is used to limit the main connecting rod. A guide hole is provided on the end face of the head near the main connecting rod for the moving rod to extend into. A return spring is arranged between the movable rod support and the main connecting rod, and abuts against both ends of the return spring. The return spring is fitted onto the outside of the movable rod.

[0015] The mounting position on the lateral slider has a pin hole, and the corresponding position of the lateral clamping plate has a through hole. By passing the pin through the lateral clamping plate and the mounting position in sequence, the lateral clamping plate and the mounting position can be detachably connected.

[0016] A force gauge is detachably installed between the main positioning structure and the lateral quick clamping mechanism.

[0017] II. A method for clamping irregularly shaped sheet materials in a drilling and milling environment The method for clamping irregularly shaped material plates includes the following steps: Step S1: Select several mounting positions according to the shape of the workpiece to be processed, and install a side clamping plate on each mounting position; Step S2: By cooperating with the spring reset assembly and the three-bar linkage assembly, adjust the two lateral sliders to the open state. At the same time, lift each hook-shaped pressure block to unlock each wedge clamping mechanism. Step S3: Place the workpiece to be processed between the fixed part and the sliding part of the main positioning structure; Step S4: Move the sliding part of the main positioning structure so that the fixed part and the sliding part of the main positioning structure abut against the two ends of the workpiece in the front-back direction, so as to achieve positioning in the front-back direction. Step S5: Move the vertical height of each hook-shaped pressure block downwards so that the clamping end of each hook-shaped pressure block abuts against the upper surface of the workpiece; lock each wedge clamping mechanism so that the clamping end of each wedge clamping mechanism abuts against the upper surface of the workpiece to achieve vertical clamping and fixing. Step S6: By cooperating with the spring reset assembly and the three-bar linkage assembly, the elastic reset force of the spring reset assembly is converted into the elastic clamping force of the lateral clamping plate on the workpiece, so that the lateral clamping plate abuts against the side of the workpiece to complete the positioning and clamping fixation of the workpiece in the left and right directions.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. The fixture of the present invention achieves fast, reliable, and adaptive clamping of irregular plate-type workpieces through the cooperation of the main positioning structure and the lateral quick clamping mechanism.

[0019] 2. The fixture of this invention has a compact structure and is easy to operate. It is especially suitable for the narrow space inside a small machining center and can effectively integrate sensors such as force measurement and acoustic emission to meet the needs of modern intelligent manufacturing for monitoring the machining process.

[0020] 3. The fixture of this invention is specifically designed for drilling and milling operations and has advantages such as wide adaptability, convenient adjustment, and reliable clamping. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the fixture (left) and a picture of the actual machine tool (right); Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the fixture; Figure 3 Structural diagram of the main positioning fixture; Figure 4 Structural diagram of the rear positioning section of the main positioning fixture; Figure 5 Structural diagram of the front wedge structure of the main positioning fixture; Figure 6 It consists of a wedge-shaped base and a wedge-shaped clamping block support. Figure 7 This is a structural diagram of the lateral positioning and clamping mechanism for the fixture; Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the base of the lateral positioning and clamping mechanism for the fixture; Figure 9 This is a lateral positioning and clamping mechanism for the fixture; Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the fixture for mounting a force measuring instrument.

[0022] In the diagram, 1. Main positioning structure; 101. Guide block; 102. Clamping screw; 103. Main positioning plate; 104. Wedge clamping mechanism; 105. Sliding plate; 106. Guide rod; 107. Hook-shaped pressure block; 108. Pin connector; 109. First connecting rod; 110. Screw; 111. Second connecting rod; 112. Screw nut; 113. Connecting rod connector; 1041. Wedge base; 1042. First double-ear seat; 1043. Wedge pressure block; 1044. Roller; 1045. Wedge. 1. Block, 1046. Wedge screw, 1047. Rotary handle, 1048. Roller mounting shaft, 1049. Wedge pressure block mounting screw, 10410. Wedge pressure block mounting nut; 2. Workpiece, 3. Lateral quick clamping mechanism; 301. Base, 302. Lateral clamping plate, 303. Slider, 304. Second double ear seat, 305. Secondary connecting rod, 306. Main connecting rod, 307. Return spring, 308. Moving rod, 309. Moving rod guide shaft, 310. Moving handle, 311. Limit block. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the following description is provided in conjunction with the appendix. Figure 1-8 The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be noted that the specific embodiments described herein are only for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0024] like Figures 1 to 10 As shown, this invention provides an adjustable positioning fixture for irregularly shaped sheet materials in a drilling and milling environment. The fixture mainly consists of a main positioning structure 1, a lateral quick-clamping mechanism 3, and a workpiece 2.

[0025] like Figure 2 As shown, the fixture of the present invention mainly includes: The main positioning structure 1 is used to position the workpiece 2 in the front-back direction (X direction) and clamp and fix it in the vertical direction (Z direction). It includes a fixing part and a sliding part arranged opposite to each other in the front-back direction. The workpiece 2 is arranged between the fixing part and the sliding part, and the two parts respectively abut against the two ends of the workpiece 2 in the front-back direction to achieve positioning in the front-back direction. The fixing part is equipped with at least two hook-shaped pressure blocks 107, and each hook-shaped pressure block 107 is provided with a corresponding position adjustment component. The position adjustment component is used to adjust the position of the corresponding hook-shaped pressure block 107 in the vertical direction. The sliding part is equipped with at least two wedge clamping mechanisms 104. The clamping ends of the hook-shaped pressure blocks 107 and the wedge clamping mechanisms 104 abut against the upper surface of the workpiece 2 to achieve clamping and fixing in the vertical direction (Z direction). A lateral quick-clamping mechanism 3 is arranged below the main positioning structure 1 to achieve positioning and clamping of the workpiece 2 in the left-right direction (Y direction). It includes two lateral sliders, at least two lateral clamping plates 302, a three-bar linkage assembly, and a spring return assembly. The two lateral sliders are arranged opposite each other in the left-right direction. Each lateral slider has at least one mounting position. Each lateral clamping plate 302 is detachably installed at any mounting position. Only one lateral clamping plate 302 is installed at the same mounting position. The lateral clamping plate 302 abuts against the side of the workpiece 2. The two lateral sliders are connected by a three-bar linkage assembly. The three-bar linkage assembly is driven by the spring return assembly to adjust the opening and closing state of the two lateral sliders and to convert the elastic return force of the spring return assembly into the elastic clamping force of the lateral clamping plate 302 on the workpiece 2.

[0026] In the fixture of this invention, the vertical position of each hook-shaped pressure block 107 can be independently controlled, as can the tightness of each wedge clamping mechanism 104, i.e., the height of the clamping end of the wedge pressure block 1043. Furthermore, the position of the lateral clamping plate 302 can be flexibly adjusted according to the shape of the sheet metal. Therefore, the fixture of this invention is suitable for sheet metal of various specifications; that is, the shape and thickness of the workpiece 2 are not limited. It can be a standard rectangular sheet metal with / or uniform thickness, or a sheet metal with irregular shape and / or thickness.

[0027] like Figure 3 As shown, the main positioning structure 1 includes a main positioning plate 103, a positioning baffle, a sliding plate 105, and a sliding plate drive assembly. The sliding plate 105 and the positioning baffle serve as the sliding part and the fixed part of the main positioning structure 1, respectively, and are arranged opposite to each other at both ends of the main positioning plate 103 in the front-back direction. The sliding plate 105 is slidably engaged with the main positioning plate 103, and the positioning baffle is fixedly connected to the main positioning plate 103. The sliding plate 105 is driven by the sliding plate drive assembly, so that the sliding plate drive assembly can drive the sliding plate 105 to move in the front-back direction on the main positioning plate 103, so that the fixture can adapt to workpieces 2 of different lengths.

[0028] Furthermore, both the sliding plate 105 and the positioning baffle are provided with stepped structures on their opposing surfaces. Each stepped structure has at least one upward-facing horizontal stepped surface and one vertical stepped surface facing the workpiece 2. The two stepped surfaces are used as positioning reference surfaces. Specifically, the horizontal stepped surface supports the bottom surface of the workpiece 2 to provide vertical positioning, and the horizontal stepped surface abuts against the end face of the workpiece 2 to provide positioning in the front-back direction.

[0029] The sliding plate drive assembly includes a guide block 101, a clamping screw 102, and two guide rods 106. The guide block 101 is fixedly installed at the end of the main positioning plate 103. A threaded hole is provided on the guide block 101, and the axis of the threaded hole is parallel to the front-back direction. After the clamping screw 102 passes through the threaded hole, its end is rotatably connected to the sliding plate 105 through a bearing and is axially fixed relative to the sliding plate 105. The clamping screw 102 is threadedly engaged with the threaded hole to convert the rotational motion of the clamping screw 102 into the linear motion of the sliding plate 105 in the front-back direction. A guide rod 106 is arranged on each side of the guide block 101. The guide rods 106 are arranged in the front-back direction and are fixedly connected to the main positioning plate 103. The sliding plate 105 is slidably sleeved on the two guide rods 106.

[0030] The sliding plate 105 can be slidably mounted on the two guide rods 106 in the following ways: the sliding plate 105 has two guide holes, which correspond one-to-one with the guide rods 106. The guide rods 106 pass through the corresponding guide holes and slide or transitionally engage with the guide holes.

[0031] like Figure 4 As shown, the position adjustment assembly of the hook-shaped pressure block 107 includes a pin connector 108, a first connecting rod 109, a lead screw 110, a second connecting rod 111, and a lead screw nut 112. The end of the hook-shaped pressure block 107 closest to the workpiece 2 is the clamping end, and the other end is the adjustment end. The adjustment end of the hook-shaped pressure block 107 is fixedly connected to the top end of the first connecting rod 109. The bottom end of the first connecting rod 109 is hinged to the top end of the second connecting rod 111. The bottom end of the second connecting rod 111 is hinged to the lead screw nut 112. The bottom end of the second connecting rod 111 is hinged to the connecting rod connector 113 via a pin. The connecting rod connector 113 is fixedly connected to the lead screw nut 112 via screws. The lead screw nut 112 is threadedly engaged with the lead screw 110. The lead screw 110 is arranged in the left-right direction, and one end is rotatably supported on a mounting hole opened on the fixing part of the main positioning structure 1. The other end extends beyond the fixed part to form an operating end; the position adjustment assembly can convert the rotational motion of the lead screw 110 into the movement of the lead screw nut 112 in the left and right directions, and then realize the movement of the hook-shaped pressure block 107 in the vertical direction through the transmission of the second connecting rod 111 and the first connecting rod 109, thereby pressing or loosening the upper surface of the workpiece 2; the adjustment end of the hook-shaped pressure block 107 and the fixed part of the main positioning structure 1 are respectively provided with through holes and pin holes. The pin holes and through holes are arranged coaxially and their common axis is parallel to the vertical direction. The pin connecting piece 108 passes through the through hole and extends into the pin hole to guide the hook-shaped pressure block 107 to move in the vertical direction.

[0032] Specifically, such as Figure 4As shown, the connecting rod connector 113 is a rectangular plate with threaded holes at its four corners for mounting on the lead screw nut 112 with screws. A pin hole is provided in the center for hinged connection with the bottom end of the second connecting rod 111 via a pin.

[0033] Preferably, in the hook-shaped pressure block 107, each hinge point uses a self-lubricating bearing to reduce wear and extend service life.

[0034] like Figure 5 As shown, the wedge clamping mechanism 104 includes a wedge base 1041, a first double-ear seat 1042, a wedge pressing block 1043, a roller 1044, a wedge block 1045, a wedge screw 1046, and a rotating handle 1047. The wedge base 1041 (as shown) Figure 6 As shown, a sliding part is arranged in the main positioning structure 1, and a first double-ear seat 1042 (as shown) is mounted on the wedge base 1041. Figure 6 As shown), a wedge block 1043 is hinged to the first double-ear seat 1042. One end of the wedge block 1043 near the workpiece 2 is the clamping end, and the other end is the adjusting end. A roller 1044 is arranged on the adjusting end of the wedge block 1043. A wedge block 1045 is arranged below the roller 1044. The wedge block 1045 slides with the wedge base 1041. The upper surface of the wedge block 1045 is inclined and contacts the outer peripheral surface of the roller 1044. The height of the wedge block 1045... Starting from the end closest to the roller 1044 and moving away from the roller 1044, the wedge block 1045 has a wedge screw support arranged on the outer side of the end away from the roller 1044. The wedge screw support is fixedly connected to the wedge base 1041. The wedge screw support has a threaded hole, through which the wedge screw 1046 passes and is threaded into the threaded hole. The wedge screw 1046 is arranged in the front-back direction, with one end connected to the wedge block 1045 and the other end equipped with a rotating handle 1047. When the wedge screw 1046 is rotated using the rotating handle 1047, the wedge block 1045 moves horizontally within the wedge base 1041. The inclined surface of the wedge block 1045 pushes the roller 1044 to rise and fall vertically, thereby causing the wedge pressure block 1043, which is hinged to the first double ear seat 1042, to press down or lift up, thus achieving independent and adaptive clamping of the front upper surface of the workpiece 2.

[0035] Furthermore, the rotating handle 1047 can be connected to the rotating wedge screw 1046 via a shaft hole.

[0036] Furthermore, the rotary handle 1047 can also be provided with anti-slip texture for easy manual operation.

[0037] Furthermore, the wedge clamping mechanism 104 may also include a wedge block mounting screw 1049 and a wedge block mounting nut 10410. The wedge block 1043 is hinged to the first double-ear seat 1042 via a wedge block mounting screw 1049 that passes through itself and both sides of the first double-ear seat 1042. The end of the wedge block mounting screw 1049 is threadedly connected to the wedge block mounting nut 10410 to prevent the wedge block mounting screw 1049 from axially disengaging.

[0038] Furthermore, the wedge clamping mechanism 104 may also include a roller mounting shaft 1048. The adjusting end of the wedge block 1043 is provided with a double-ear seat, and the roller 1044 is arranged between the two ear plates of the double-ear seat, and is hinged to the wedge block 1043 through the roller mounting shaft 1048 passing through the central hole of the roller 1044 and the mounting holes on the two ear plates.

[0039] Preferably, roller 1044 is a bearing roller to further reduce friction and improve motion smoothness.

[0040] Furthermore, the clamping end of the wedge block 1043 may also be provided with a downwardly extending protrusion to form a hook-shaped pressing part, which abuts against the upper surface of the front side of the workpiece 2.

[0041] Furthermore, the hook-shaped pressing part can also be provided with anti-slip texture to provide sufficient friction when in contact with the surface of the workpiece 2, so as to prevent the workpiece 2 from slipping during the processing.

[0042] Preferably, the inclined surface angle of the wedge block 1045 is 30°~45° to ensure sufficient clamping force and self-locking performance.

[0043] like Figure 7 As shown, the lateral quick clamping mechanism 3 includes a base 301. Two lateral sliders are slidably arranged on the upper surface of the middle part of the base 301. A three-bar linkage assembly and a spring return assembly are arranged between the two lateral sliders. The three-bar linkage assembly includes a main linkage 306 and two auxiliary linkages 305 symmetrically arranged on both sides of the main linkage 306. A lateral slider is arranged on the outer side of each auxiliary linkage 305. The two ends of the auxiliary linkage 305 are hinged to the lateral slider and the main linkage 306, respectively.

[0044] The spring reset assembly includes a reset spring 307, a moving rod 308, a moving rod support, a moving handle 310, a limiting block support, and a limiting block 311. The limiting block support and the moving rod support are arranged at intervals relative to each other and are both integrally connected or fixedly connected to the base 301. The moving rod 308 is movably inserted inside the moving rod support. The moving rod 308 extends in the front-rear direction, with a moving handle 310 at its first end and a fixed connection to the main connecting rod 306 after passing through the moving rod support at its last end. The moving rod 308 and the main connecting rod 306 are perpendicular to each other. The main connecting rod 306 and... A limiting block 311 is arranged between the limiting block supports. The limiting block 311 includes a head and a rod arranged coaxially, and the radial dimension of the head is larger than the radial dimension of the rod. The rod is threadedly engaged with the threaded hole on the limiting block support. The head is used to limit the main connecting rod 306. A guide hole is opened on the end face of the head near the main connecting rod 306 so that the end of the moving rod 308 can extend into it. A return spring 307 is arranged between the moving rod support and the main connecting rod 306, and abuts against both ends of the return spring 307. The return spring 307 is sleeved on the outside of the moving rod 308.

[0045] Furthermore, the limiting blocks 311 at both ends of the moving rod are adjustable to control the maximum moving distance of the lateral clamping plate. Specifically, the outer surface of the rod is provided with external threads, and the limiting block support is provided with threaded holes. The rod of the limiting block 311 extends into the threaded hole and is threadedly engaged with the threaded hole, thereby fixing the limiting block 311 on the base 301. At the same time, by screwing the head of the limiting block 311, the distance the rod extends out of the threaded hole can be controlled, thereby adjusting the distance between the head and the limiting block support. When the moving rod 308 moves in the front-back direction, the main connecting rod 306 mounted on the moving rod 308 abuts against the head end face of the limiting block 311. The main connecting rod 306 extends into the guide hole to control the moving distance of the main connecting rod 306, thereby controlling the maximum moving distance of the lateral clamping plate.

[0046] Furthermore, at least one pair of coaxial guide holes can be provided on the movable handle 310 and the movable rod support. A movable rod guide shaft 309 is inserted through each pair of guide holes. The movable rod guide shaft 309 is parallel to the movable rod 308 to guide the movable rod 308 to move in the front-back direction.

[0047] Furthermore, a buffer pad can be installed between the movable handle 310 and the movable rod support to reduce the impact force during operation.

[0048] Optionally, the return spring 307 is a compression spring with adjustable spring force to adapt to the clamping force requirements of different workpieces.

[0049] Optionally, the side clamping plate 302 is an L-shaped plate, with the horizontal part of the L-shaped plate detachably connected to the side slider, and the vertical part in contact with the side of the workpiece 2.

[0050] Optionally, such as Figure 9 As shown, a pin hole is provided on the mounting position, and a through hole is provided at the corresponding position of the side clamping plate 302. By passing the pin through the side clamping plate 302 and the mounting position in sequence, the side clamping plate 302 and the mounting position can be detachably connected.

[0051] Optionally, such as Figure 9 As shown, each lateral slider consists of a slider 303 and a second double-ear seat 304. The slider 303 is fixedly connected to the second double-ear seat 304, and the slider 303 is slidably arranged on the base 301. The second double-ear seat 304 is hinged to the secondary connecting rod 305 by a pin.

[0052] Furthermore, the lower surface of the base 301 is provided with mounting holes for fixing the entire fixture onto the worktable of the drilling machining center.

[0053] Furthermore, the base 301 is provided with reinforcing ribs on both sides to improve structural rigidity and prevent deformation during processing.

[0054] Furthermore, such as Figure 10 As shown, a force gauge can also be detachably installed between the main positioning structure 1 and the lateral quick clamping mechanism 3. Taking the Kistler-9129AA triaxial force gauge as an example, the force gauge itself has a through hole, and the base 301 is provided with corresponding mounting holes. Bolts are used to fit into the pre-drilled holes on the base 301 to fix the force gauge.

[0055] The present invention also provides a method for clamping irregularly shaped material plates in a drilling and milling environment using the above-mentioned adjustable universal positioning fixture.

[0056] The method of the present invention includes the following steps: Step S1: Place the side clamping plate 302: Select several mounting positions according to the shape of the workpiece 2 to be processed, and install a side clamping plate 302 on each mounting position; Step S2, Release the clamp: Apply external driving force to the spring reset assembly. Through the cooperation of the spring reset assembly and the three-bar assembly, adjust the two lateral sliders to the open state. At the same time, lift each hook-shaped pressure block 107 to unlock the clamping state of each wedge clamping mechanism 104. The process of applying external driving force to the spring reset assembly includes: applying a pulling force to the movable handle 310, and the movable rod 308, which is fixedly connected to the movable handle 310, will drive the main connecting rod 306 to move linearly. The reset spring 307 can also push the auxiliary connecting rod 305 and the lateral slider to move to both sides, and the lateral clamp will be released. Step S3: Place workpiece 2: Place the workpiece 2 to be processed between the fixed part and the sliding part of the main positioning structure 1; Step S4, Axial positioning: Move the sliding part of the main positioning structure 1 so that the fixed part and the sliding part of the main positioning structure 1 abut against the two ends of the workpiece 2 in the front-back direction, so as to achieve positioning in the front-back direction. Step S5, Upper Surface Pressing: Move the vertical height of each hook-shaped pressing block 107 downwards so that the clamping end of each hook-shaped pressing block 107 abuts against the upper surface of the workpiece 2; lock each wedge clamping mechanism 104 so that the clamping end of each wedge clamping mechanism 104 abuts against the upper surface of the workpiece 2 to achieve vertical (Z direction) clamping and fixing. Step S6, Lateral clamping: Release the external driving force applied to the spring reset assembly. Through the cooperation of the spring reset assembly and the three-bar assembly, the elastic reset force of the spring reset assembly is converted into the elastic clamping force of the lateral clamping plate 302 on the workpiece 2, so that the lateral clamping plate 302 abuts against the side of the workpiece 2 to complete the positioning and clamping fixation of the workpiece 2 in the left and right directions.

[0057] Furthermore, the method of the present invention also includes: Step S7, Unloading stage: After reversing the above steps, remove workpiece 2.

[0058] The following is combined Figures 1 to 10 With the sliding part (sliding plate 105) of the main positioning structure 1 in front and the fixed part (positioning baffle) in the back as a reference, the specific operating mechanisms and action processes involved in the above steps are described in detail. In the figure, a through groove is provided on the base 301, and the groove walls on the front and rear sides serve as the limit block support and the moving rod support, respectively.

[0059] Step S1: Place the side mounting plate 302: Place the side mounting plate 302 on the pre-selected mounting position, and pass the pin through the through hole on the side mounting plate 302 and the pin hole on the mounting position in sequence to complete the installation of the side mounting plate 302. Step S2, Release the clamp: Pull the moving handle 310 backward to overcome the elastic force of the return spring 307. The moving rod 308 drives the main connecting rod 306 to move backward, which in turn causes the two auxiliary connecting rods 305 to move the lateral slider and the lateral clamping plate 302 on the lateral slider to move to both sides, opening the lateral clamping space. At the same time, for each wedge clamping mechanism 104, rotate the handle 1047 in the opposite direction to push the wedge block 1045 away from the roller 1044, so that the adjusting end of the wedge pressure block 1043 is downward and the clamping end is upward. For each hook-shaped pressure block 107, rotate the screw 110 in the opposite direction to lift the hook-shaped pressure block 107 upward as a whole.

[0060] Step S3: Place workpiece 2: Place the workpiece 2 to be processed into the fixture, so that the two ends of its bottom are aligned with the preset positioning reference surfaces of the front end of the positioning baffle and the rear end of the sliding plate 105, respectively.

[0061] Step S4, Axial Positioning: Rotate the clamping screw 102 to push the sliding plate 105 to move backward, pressing the workpiece along the front-back X direction onto the rear reference surface of the main positioning plate 103, thus completing the axial positioning of the workpiece.

[0062] Step S5, Upper Surface Pressing: For each wedge clamping mechanism 104, rotate the handle 1047 in the forward direction to push the wedge block 1045 close to the roller 1044, so that the clamping end of the wedge pressure block 1043 is pressed down, adhering to and pressing the upper surface of the front part of the workpiece 2; for each hook-shaped pressure block 107, rotate the lead screw 110 in the forward direction to drive the hook-shaped pressure block 107 to press down as a whole, adhering to and pressing the upper surface of the rear part of the workpiece 2; due to the independent adjustment capability of the wedge clamping mechanism 104 and the hook-shaped pressure block 107, it can adapt to the complex curved surface contour of the upper surface of the workpiece 2.

[0063] Step S6, Lateral clamping: Release the moving handle 310, the elastic restoring force of the return spring 307 pushes the moving rod 308 forward, and then through the two auxiliary connecting rods 305, the lateral slider and the lateral clamping plate 302 on the lateral slider move inward, and apply clamping force from both sides of the workpiece 2 to complete the lateral Y-direction positioning and clamping of the workpiece.

[0064] Step S7, Unloading stage: Simply reverse the above steps: First, pull the moving handle 310 to loosen the lateral clamping, then rotate the lead screw 110 and the rotating handle 1047 in the opposite direction to loosen the upper surface clamping, and finally rotate the clamping lead screw 102 in the opposite direction to loosen the axial positioning, and then the workpiece can be removed.

[0065] For subsequent clamping of workpiece 2 of the same model, it is only necessary to operate the moving handle 310 of the lateral quick clamping mechanism 3 and the clamping screw 102, rotating handle 1047 and screw 110 in the main positioning structure 1. There is no need to readjust the reference, which greatly improves the clamping efficiency.

[0066] In summary, this invention achieves rapid, reliable, and adaptive clamping of irregularly shaped plate-like workpieces 2 through the cooperation of the main positioning structure 1 and the lateral rapid clamping mechanism 3. The fixture structure of this invention is compact and easy to operate, especially suitable for the narrow space inside small machining centers, and can effectively integrate force measurement, acoustic emission and other sensors to meet the needs of modern intelligent manufacturing for monitoring the machining process.

[0067] The above specific embodiments are used to explain and illustrate the present invention, but not to limit the present invention. Any modifications and changes made to the present invention within the spirit and scope of the claims shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0068] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent changes or modifications made to the structure, features and principles described in the claims of this patent application are included in the scope of this patent application.

Claims

1. An adjustable universal positioning fixture for irregularly shaped sheet materials in a drilling and milling environment, characterized in that, include: The main positioning structure (1) includes a fixed part and a sliding part arranged opposite to each other in the front-back direction, wherein the fixed part and the sliding part respectively abut against the two ends of the workpiece (2) in the front-back direction; The fixing part is equipped with at least two hook-shaped pressure blocks (107), and each hook-shaped pressure block (107) is provided with a position adjustment component for adjusting the vertical position; the sliding part is equipped with at least two wedge clamping mechanisms (104), and the hook-shaped pressure blocks (107) and the wedge clamping mechanisms (104) are in contact with the upper surface of the workpiece (2); A lateral quick clamping mechanism (3) is arranged below the main positioning structure (1); it includes two lateral sliders, at least two lateral clamping plates (302), a three-bar assembly, and a spring return assembly; the two lateral sliders are arranged opposite each other in the left-right direction, each lateral slider has at least one mounting position, each lateral clamping plate (302) is detachably mounted on any mounting position, and the lateral clamping plate (302) abuts against the side of the workpiece (2); the two lateral sliders are connected by a three-bar assembly, and the three-bar assembly is driven to cooperate with the spring return assembly to adjust the opening and closing state of the two lateral sliders and to convert the elastic return force of the spring return assembly into the elastic clamping force of the lateral clamping plate (302) on the workpiece (2).

2. The adjustable universal positioning fixture for irregularly shaped material plates in a drilling and milling environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main positioning structure (1) includes a main positioning plate (103), a positioning baffle, a sliding plate (105), and a sliding plate driving assembly; the sliding plate (105) and the positioning baffle serve as the sliding part and the fixed part of the main positioning structure (1), respectively; the sliding plate (105) is slidably engaged with the main positioning plate (103); the positioning baffle is fixedly connected to the main positioning plate (103); the sliding plate (105) is drive-connected to the sliding plate driving assembly. The sliding plate drive assembly includes a guide block (101), a clamping screw (102), and two guide rods (106). The guide block (101) is fixedly installed at the end of the main positioning plate (103). The guide block (101) has a threaded hole, the axis of which is parallel to the front-back direction. The clamping screw (102) passes through the threaded hole and is rotatably connected to the sliding plate (105), and is axially fixed relative to the sliding plate (105). The clamping screw (102) is threadedly engaged with the threaded hole. A guide rod (106) is arranged on each side of the guide block (101). The guide rod (106) is fixedly connected to the main positioning plate (103). The sliding plate (105) is slidably sleeved on the two guide rods (106).

3. The adjustable universal positioning fixture for irregularly shaped material plates in a drilling and milling environment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sliding plate (105) and the positioning baffle are provided with stepped structures on their opposite surfaces. The stepped structure has at least one upward horizontal stepped surface and one vertical stepped surface facing the workpiece (2). The two stepped surfaces are used as positioning reference surfaces.

4. The adjustable universal positioning fixture for irregularly shaped material plates in a drilling and milling environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The position adjustment assembly of the hook-shaped pressure block (107) includes a pin connector (108), a first connecting rod (109), a lead screw (110), a second connecting rod (111), and a lead screw nut (112). The hook-shaped pressure block (107) has a clamping end near the workpiece (2) and an adjusting end. The adjusting end is fixedly connected to the top end of the first connecting rod (109), and the bottom end of the first connecting rod (109) is hinged to the top end of the second connecting rod (111). The bottom end of the second connecting rod (111) is hinged to the connecting rod connector (113), the connecting rod connector (113) is fixedly connected to the lead screw nut (112), the lead screw nut (112) is threadedly engaged with the lead screw (110), the lead screw (110) is arranged in the left-right direction, one end is rotatably supported on the fixed part of the main positioning structure (1), and the other end extends beyond the fixed part to form an operating end; The adjusting end and the fixed part of the main positioning structure (1) are respectively provided with through holes and pin holes. The pin connector (108) passes through the through hole and extends into the pin hole.

5. The adjustable universal positioning fixture for irregularly shaped material plates in a drilling and milling environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wedge clamping mechanism (104) includes a wedge base (1041), a first double-ear seat (1042), a wedge pressure block (1043), a roller (1044), a wedge block (1045), a wedge screw (1046), and a rotating handle (1047). The wedge base (1041) is arranged in the sliding part of the main positioning structure (1). A first double-ear seat (1042) is installed on the wedge base (1041). A wedge pressure block (1043) is hinged on the first double-ear seat (1042). One end of the wedge pressure block (1043) near the workpiece (2) is a clamping end, and the other end is an adjusting end. A roller (1044) is arranged on the adjusting end of the wedge pressure block (1043). A wedge block (1045) is arranged below the roller (1044). The wedge block (1045) slides with the wedge base (1041). The upper surface of the wedge block (1045) is an inclined surface and is in contact with the workpiece (2). The outer circumferential surface of the roller (1044) is in contact. The height of the wedge block (1045) increases from the end closer to the roller (1044) to the end farther away from the roller (1044). A wedge screw support is arranged on the outer side of the end of the wedge block (1045) away from the roller (1044). The wedge screw support is fixedly connected to the wedge base (1041). A threaded hole is opened on the wedge screw support. The wedge screw (1046) passes through the threaded hole and is threadedly engaged with the threaded hole. The wedge screw (1046) is arranged in the front-back direction. One end is connected to the wedge block (1045), and the other end is provided with a rotating handle (1047).

6. The adjustable universal positioning fixture for irregularly shaped material plates in a drilling and milling environment according to claim 5, characterized in that: The inclined plane angle of the wedge block (1045) is 30°~45°.

7. The adjustable universal positioning fixture for irregularly shaped material plates in a drilling and milling environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lateral quick clamping mechanism (3) includes a base (301), on the upper surface of the middle part of the base (301) two lateral sliders are slidably arranged, and the three-bar assembly and the spring return assembly are arranged between the two lateral sliders; The three-bar linkage includes a main link (306) and two auxiliary links (305) symmetrically arranged on both sides of the main link (306). Each auxiliary link (305) has a lateral slider on its outer side. The two ends of the auxiliary link (305) are respectively hinged to the lateral slider and the main link (306). The spring reset assembly includes a reset spring (307), a moving rod (308), a moving rod support, a moving handle (310), a limit block support, and a limit block (311). The limiting block support and the moving rod support are arranged at relative intervals and are both integrally connected or fixedly connected to the base (301); The movable rod (308) is movably inserted inside the movable rod support. The movable rod (308) extends in the front-back direction. A movable handle (310) is provided at the first end. The last end passes through the movable rod support and is fixedly connected to the main connecting rod (306). The movable rod (308) and the main connecting rod (306) are perpendicular to each other. The limiting block (311) is arranged between the main connecting rod (306) and the limiting block support. The limiting block (311) includes a head and a rod that are coaxially arranged. The rod is threadedly engaged with the threaded hole on the limiting block support. The head is used to limit the main connecting rod (306). A guide hole is provided on the end face of the head near the main connecting rod (306) for the moving rod (308) to extend into. A return spring (307) is arranged between the movable rod support and the main connecting rod (306), and abuts against both ends of the return spring (307). The return spring (307) is fitted on the outside of the movable rod (308).

8. The adjustable universal positioning fixture for irregularly shaped material plates in a drilling and milling environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting position on the lateral slider is provided with a pin hole, and the corresponding position of the lateral clamping plate (302) is provided with a through hole. By passing the pin through the lateral clamping plate (302) and the mounting position in sequence, the detachable connection between the lateral clamping plate (302) and the mounting position is realized.

9. The adjustable universal positioning fixture for irregularly shaped material plates in a drilling and milling environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: A force gauge is detachably installed between the main positioning structure (1) and the lateral quick clamping mechanism (3).

10. A method for clamping irregularly shaped sheet metal in a drilling and milling environment using an adjustable universal positioning fixture as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: Select several mounting positions according to the shape of the workpiece (2) to be processed, and install a side clamping plate (302) on each mounting position. Step S2: By cooperating with the spring reset assembly and the three-bar linkage assembly, the two lateral sliders are adjusted to the open state. At the same time, each hook-shaped pressure block (107) is lifted up to unlock each wedge clamping mechanism (104). Step S3: Place the workpiece (2) to be processed between the fixed part and the sliding part of the main positioning structure (1); Step S4: Move the sliding part of the main positioning structure (1) so that the fixed part and the sliding part of the main positioning structure (1) abut against the two ends of the workpiece (2) in the front-back direction, so as to achieve positioning in the front-back direction. Step S5: Move the vertical height of each hook-shaped pressure block (107) downwards so that the clamping end of each hook-shaped pressure block (107) abuts against the upper surface of the workpiece (2); lock each wedge clamping mechanism (104) so ​​that the clamping end of each wedge clamping mechanism (104) abuts against the upper surface of the workpiece (2) to achieve vertical (Z direction) clamping and fixing. Step S6: By cooperating with the spring reset assembly and the three-bar assembly, the elastic reset force of the spring reset assembly is converted into the elastic clamping force of the side clamping plate (302) on the workpiece (2), so that the side clamping plate (302) abuts against the side of the workpiece (2) to complete the positioning and clamping fixation of the workpiece (2) in the left and right directions.

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