A controller, an electric vehicle, and a method of determining state of charge of a battery

Abstract

This invention discloses a controller, an electric vehicle, and a method for determining the state of charge (SOC) of a battery. The controller includes a reference voltage generation unit, a first sampling unit, a second sampling unit, and a control unit. The reference voltage generation unit generates a reference voltage based on the supply voltage. The first sampling unit obtains the actual sampled value of the SOC current based on the battery voltage and the reference voltage. The second sampling unit obtains the actual sampled value of the battery voltage. The control unit obtains the actual sampled values ​​of the supply voltage and the reference voltage through the two sampling circuits respectively, and determines the battery's SOC based on the actual sampled values ​​of the SOC current, the battery voltage, the supply voltage, and the reference voltage. The solution provided by this invention can improve the accuracy of battery SOC determination without increasing costs, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the battery charge display.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electric vehicle control technology, and in particular to a method for determining the state of charge of a controller, an electric vehicle, and a battery. Background Technology

[0002] As a core component of electric vehicles, the battery's operating state is a crucial factor affecting the vehicle's safety and performance. State of Charge (SOC) is one of the most critical and fundamental parameters of a battery, reflecting its current remaining charge. Accurately determining the battery's SOC is essential for power display, charge / discharge control, and range estimation.

[0003] Currently, the State of Charge (SOC) of a battery mainly relies on the Battery Management System (BMS) and is determined using a combination of coulomb integration (also known as ampere-hour integration) and open-circuit voltage correction. However, due to production cost limitations, some batteries do not integrate a BMS, and the existing determination methods are subject to errors under the influence of various factors such as temperature, aging, and discharge rate, affecting the accuracy of battery SOC determination. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a method for determining the state of charge (SOC) of a controller, electric vehicle, and battery, which can improve the accuracy of battery SOC determination without increasing costs, thereby ensuring the accuracy of power display.

[0005] According to one aspect of the present invention, a controller is provided, comprising a reference voltage generation unit, a first sampling unit, a second sampling unit, and a control unit; wherein, the reference voltage generation unit is connected to a supply voltage and electrically connected to the first sampling unit, and is used to generate a reference voltage based on the supply voltage; the first sampling unit is connected to a battery and electrically connected to the control unit, and is used to obtain an actual sampled value of the state of charge (SOC) current based on the battery voltage and the reference voltage; the second sampling unit is connected to the battery and electrically connected to the control unit, and is used to obtain an actual sampled value of the battery voltage; the control unit obtains the actual sampled values ​​of the supply voltage and the reference voltage through the two sampling circuits respectively, and determines the SOC of the battery based on the actual sampled values ​​of the SOC current, the actual sampled values ​​of the battery voltage, the actual sampled values ​​of the supply voltage, and the actual sampled values ​​of the reference voltage.

[0006] Optionally, the reference voltage generation unit includes: a first resistor, a second resistor, a first capacitor, a second capacitor, and a first comparator; one end of the first resistor is connected to the power supply voltage, and the other end of the first resistor is electrically connected to the positive input terminal of the first comparator, one end of the second resistor, and one end of the first capacitor, respectively; the negative input terminal of the first comparator is electrically connected to the output terminal of the first comparator, the positive power supply terminal of the first comparator is connected to the power supply voltage, the positive power supply terminal of the first comparator is electrically connected to one end of the second capacitor, and the output terminal of the first comparator is electrically connected to the first sampling unit; the other ends of the second resistor, the first capacitor, the second capacitor, and the negative power supply terminal of the first comparator are all grounded.

[0007] Optionally, the first sampling unit includes: a sampling resistor, a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, a sixth resistor, a seventh resistor, a third capacitor, and a second comparator; one end of the third resistor is electrically connected to the reference voltage generation unit, and the other end of the third resistor and one end of the fourth resistor are both electrically connected to the positive input terminal of the second comparator; one end of the sampling resistor and one end of the fifth resistor are both electrically connected to the negative terminal of the battery, and the other ends of the sampling resistor and the fourth resistor are both grounded; the other end of the fifth resistor is electrically connected to the negative input terminal of the second comparator and one end of the sixth resistor, respectively; the other end of the sixth resistor is electrically connected to the output terminal of the second comparator and one end of the seventh resistor, respectively; the other end of the seventh resistor and one end of the third capacitor are both electrically connected to the control unit; the other end of the third capacitor is grounded.

[0008] Optionally, the value of the sampling resistor is adjustable.

[0009] Optionally, the second sampling unit includes: an eighth resistor, a ninth resistor, and a fourth capacitor; one end of the eighth resistor is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the battery, and the other end of the eighth resistor, one end of the ninth resistor, and one end of the fourth capacitor are all electrically connected to the control unit; the other end of the ninth resistor and the other end of the fourth capacitor are both grounded.

[0010] According to another aspect of the present invention, an electric vehicle is provided, including the controller of any of the above embodiments.

[0011] According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for determining the state of charge (SOC) of a battery is provided, applied to the control unit of a controller in any of the above embodiments; the method includes: acquiring actual sampled values ​​of the SOC current, the battery voltage, the supply voltage, and a reference voltage; calculating a correction value for the SOC current based on preset calibration sampled values ​​of the SOC current, the reference voltage, a preset value of the bus current, the actual sampled value of the SOC current, and the reference voltage; calculating a correction value for the battery voltage based on preset calibration sampled values ​​of the battery voltage, the supply voltage, the battery voltage, the actual sampled value of the battery voltage, and the supply voltage; and calculating the SOC of the battery based on the correction value of the SOC current and the correction value of the battery voltage.

[0012] Optional, SOC current correction value ;in, , , The calibrated sample value of the SOC current. This is the actual sampled value of the SOC current. This is the preset value for the bus current. for The corresponding sampled values, The reference voltage is the calibrated sample value. This is the actual sampled value of the reference voltage.

[0013] Optional, battery voltage correction value ;in, This is the preset value for the battery voltage. This is the calibrated sample value of the battery voltage. This is the actual sampled value of the battery voltage. The calibrated sample value of the supply voltage. This is the actual sampled value of the power supply voltage.

[0014] Optionally, the SOC of the battery is calculated based on the correction values ​​of the SOC current and the battery voltage, including: determining the initial SOC value corresponding to the correction value of the battery voltage based on the mapping relationship between open circuit voltage and state of charge; determining the actual charge and discharge capacity based on the correction value of the SOC current; and calculating the SOC of the battery based on the preset rated charge and discharge capacity, the actual charge and discharge capacity, and the initial SOC value.

[0015] According to another aspect of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, which stores computer instructions for causing a processor to execute a method for determining the state of charge of a battery according to any embodiment of the present invention.

[0016] According to another aspect of the present invention, a computer program product is provided, comprising a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements a method for determining the state of charge of a battery according to any embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] The technical solution of this invention, through the design of the controller structure, includes a reference voltage generation unit, a first sampling unit, a second sampling unit, and a control unit. Firstly, since the first and second sampling units can respectively acquire the actual sampled values ​​of the SOC current and battery voltage, they provide a data basis for the control unit to determine the SOC using a combination of coulomb integration and open-circuit voltage correction. Secondly, the control unit acquires the actual sampled values ​​of the supply voltage and the reference voltage through two sampling circuits. These actual sampled values ​​reflect the actual operating conditions of the battery, correcting the actual sampling deviation between the SOC current and battery voltage, thus improving the accuracy of battery SOC determination and ensuring the accuracy of the power display. Thirdly, the controller can determine the battery SOC without integrating a BMS, without increasing additional production costs, and has good scalability.

[0018] It should be understood that the description in this section is not intended to identify key or essential features of the embodiments of the present invention, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the invention. Other features of the invention will become readily apparent from the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a controller provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a circuit structure diagram of a controller provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for determining the state of charge of a battery according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," "third," "actual," "calibrated," etc., used in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this invention are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that embodiments of the invention described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0023] Example 1 Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a controller provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, the controller 20 includes: a reference voltage generation unit 200, a first sampling unit 300, a second sampling unit 400, and a control unit 500.

[0024] The reference voltage generation unit 200 is connected to the supply voltage VDD and electrically connected to the first sampling unit 300. The reference voltage generation unit 200 can generate a reference voltage Vref based on the supply voltage VDD. The generated reference voltage Vref is input to the first sampling unit 300 to ensure the normal operation of the first sampling unit 300.

[0025] The first sampling unit 300 is connected to the battery 10 and electrically connected to the control unit 500. The first sampling unit 300 can obtain the actual sampled value of the SOC current based on the battery voltage and the reference voltage Vref.

[0026] The second sampling unit 400 is connected to the battery 10 and electrically connected to the control unit 500. The second sampling unit 400 can obtain the actual sampled value of the battery voltage.

[0027] Battery 10 is an electrochemical unit disposed outside controller 20 for storing and releasing electrical energy. For example, battery 10 may include a cell, such as a lithium iron phosphate cell, a lead-acid battery cell, etc.

[0028] The control unit 500 obtains the actual sampled values ​​of the supply voltage and the reference voltage through two sampling circuits, and determines the SOC of the battery based on the actual sampled values ​​of the SOC current, the battery voltage, the supply voltage, and the reference voltage.

[0029] The control unit 500 is the decision-making core of the controller 20, responsible for scheduling the coordinated work of all components. Optionally, the control unit 500 can be a microcontroller unit (MCU). Compared with traditional BMS, MCU has advantages such as programmable functions, accurate state estimation, support for multi-parameter collaborative decision-making, communication capabilities, and fault recording functions, enabling more intelligent, safer, and more efficient management.

[0030] When the control unit 500 is an MCU, it obtains the actual sampled values ​​of voltage / current through an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). Therefore, the sampling circuit is essentially a front-end signal conditioning circuit that adapts the voltage to the input range of the MCU ADC. Optionally, some or all of the functions of the sampling circuit can be integrated into the control unit 500, or they can be independent of the control unit 500. This embodiment of the invention does not impose specific limitations on this.

[0031] The actual sampled values ​​of voltage / current refer to the digital quantities obtained by ADC after the original analog signals of voltage / current are detected in real time by the sampling circuit / sampling unit under the current operating state of the battery. They are used to reflect the instantaneous electrical state of the battery.

[0032] Since the control unit 500 obtains the actual sampled value of the supply voltage and the actual sampled value of the reference voltage through two sampling circuits, the actual sampled value of the supply voltage and the actual sampled value of the reference voltage can reflect the actual operating condition of the battery and correct the actual sampling deviation of the SOC current and battery voltage, thus improving the accuracy of battery SOC determination.

[0033] Based on the above embodiments, Figure 2 This is a circuit structure diagram of a controller provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Figure 2 As shown, the reference voltage generation unit 200 includes: a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a first capacitor C1, a second capacitor C2, and a first comparator U1.

[0034] In this system, one end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the supply voltage VDD, and the other end of the first resistor R1 is electrically connected to the positive input terminal of the first comparator U1, one end of the second resistor R2, and one end of the first capacitor C1. The negative input terminal of the first comparator U1 is electrically connected to the output terminal of the first comparator U1. The positive power supply terminal of the first comparator U1 is connected to the supply voltage VDD and is electrically connected to one end of the second capacitor C2. The output terminal of the first comparator U1 is electrically connected to the first sampling unit 300. The other ends of the second resistor R2, the first capacitor C1, the second capacitor C2, and the negative power supply terminal of the first comparator U1 are all grounded. The output terminal of the first comparator U1 in the reference voltage generation unit 200 outputs a reference voltage Vref.

[0035] The first sampling unit 300 includes: a sampling resistor RS, a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4, a fifth resistor R5, a sixth resistor R6, a seventh resistor R7, a third capacitor C3, and a second comparator U2.

[0036] Specifically, one end of the third resistor R3 is electrically connected to the reference voltage generation unit 200, and specifically to the output of the first comparator U1. The other end of the third resistor R3 and one end of the fourth resistor R4 are both electrically connected to the positive input of the second comparator U2. One end of the sampling resistor RS and one end of the fifth resistor R5 are both electrically connected to the negative terminal of the battery 10. The other ends of the sampling resistor RS and the fourth resistor R4 are both grounded (e.g., the internal GND of the controller 20). The other end of the fifth resistor R5 is electrically connected to the negative input of the second comparator U2 and one end of the sixth resistor R6. The other end of the sixth resistor R6 is electrically connected to the output of the second comparator U2 and one end of the seventh resistor R7. The other end of the seventh resistor R7 and one end of the third capacitor C3 are both electrically connected to the control unit 500. The other end of the third capacitor C3 is grounded.

[0037] In one embodiment, the resistance value of the sampling resistor RS is adjustable. Specifically, the sampling resistor RS can be adjusted using a mechanically adjustable resistor (such as a sliding rheostat), or it can be adjusted using a multi-range fixed resistor combined with an analog switch / switching transistor (such as a MOSFET). The adjustable range of the sampling resistor RS can be set according to actual needs.

[0038] The second sampling unit 400 includes: an eighth resistor R8, a ninth resistor R9, and a fourth capacitor C4.

[0039] Among them, one end of the eighth resistor R8 is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the battery 10, and the other end of the eighth resistor R8, one end of the ninth resistor R9, and one end of the fourth capacitor C4 are all electrically connected to the control unit 500; the other end of the ninth resistor R9 and the other end of the fourth capacitor C4 are both grounded.

[0040] The technical solution of this invention, through the design of the controller structure, includes a reference voltage generation unit, a first sampling unit, a second sampling unit, and a control unit. Firstly, since the first and second sampling units can respectively acquire the actual sampled values ​​of the SOC current and battery voltage, they provide a data basis for the control unit to determine the SOC using a combination of coulomb integration and open-circuit voltage correction. Secondly, the control unit acquires the actual sampled values ​​of the supply voltage and the reference voltage through two sampling circuits. These actual sampled values ​​reflect the actual operating conditions of the battery, correcting the actual sampling deviation between the SOC current and battery voltage, thus improving the accuracy of battery SOC determination and ensuring the accuracy of the power display. Thirdly, the controller can determine the battery SOC without integrating a BMS, without increasing additional production costs, and has good scalability.

[0041] Example 2 This invention also provides an electric vehicle, including the controller of any of the above embodiments.

[0042] Furthermore, the electric vehicle may also include a battery. Specifically, the battery may be connected to the first sampling unit and the second sampling unit of the controller.

[0043] In one embodiment, the electric vehicle may further include components such as a motor, instruments, and a buzzer, with the battery supplying power to the controller, motor, instruments, buzzer, and other components, and the controller driving the motor to work.

[0044] In one embodiment, the electric vehicle can be an electric two-wheeler or an electric three-wheeler.

[0045] Example 3 Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for determining the state of charge (SOC) of a battery according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. This method is applied to the control unit of the controller in any of the above embodiments, and the control unit can be implemented in hardware and / or software. Figure 3 As shown, the method includes: S310: Obtain the actual sampled values ​​of the State of Charge (SOC) current, battery voltage, supply voltage, and reference voltage.

[0046] In this invention, the control unit can periodically execute the battery state of charge determination method (e.g., hourly, daily, weekly, etc.) or execute the battery state of charge determination method based on user instructions (e.g., based on a user-triggered power display request).

[0047] Based on the description of Embodiment 1 above, the actual sampled value of the SOC current is obtained by the control unit through the first sampling unit, the actual sampled value of the battery voltage is obtained by the control unit through the second sampling unit, and the actual sampled values ​​of the power supply voltage and the reference voltage are obtained by the control unit through two sampling circuits respectively.

[0048] The actual sampled values ​​of voltage / current refer to the digital quantities obtained by ADC after the original analog signals of voltage / current are detected in real time by the sampling circuit / sampling unit under the current operating state of the battery. They are used to reflect the instantaneous electrical state of the battery.

[0049] After acquiring the actual sampled values ​​of the SOC current, battery voltage, supply voltage, and reference voltage, the control unit can determine the battery's SOC using a combination of coulomb integration and open-circuit voltage correction. Specifically, the control unit needs to determine the correction values ​​for the SOC current and battery voltage. There is no specific order of execution between these steps; the control unit can execute step S320 first and then step S330, or vice versa, or both steps S320 and S330 can be executed simultaneously.

[0050] S320. Calculate the correction value of the SOC current based on the preset calibrated sampling value of the SOC current, the calibrated sampling value of the reference voltage, the preset value of the bus current, the actual sampling value of the SOC current, and the actual sampling value of the reference voltage.

[0051] The control unit can store various initial parameters of the battery (i.e., factory parameters) in advance. These parameters include, but are not limited to, the calibrated sampled value of the SOC current (i.e., the AD value corresponding to the zero point of the SOC current sampling), the calibrated sampled value of the reference voltage, the preset value of the bus current and its corresponding sampled value, the calibrated sampled value of the battery voltage, the calibrated sampled value of the supply voltage, and the preset value of the battery voltage.

[0052] Specifically, based on the pre-stored calibrated sampling value of the SOC current within the control unit. Preset value of bus current Its corresponding sample value Calculate the sampling value coefficient corresponding to each ampere current. When the controller is operating, the battery powers the controller, and the control unit obtains the actual sampled value of the SOC current. and the actual sampled value of the reference voltage Combined with the calibrated sample value of the reference voltage Through formula Calculate the deviation of the reference voltage, and then combine it with the formula. The corrected value for the SOC current can then be obtained.

[0053] By introducing the deviation of the reference voltage to calculate the correction value of the SOC current, the actual operating conditions of the battery can be taken into account, and the error between the actual and ideal operating conditions of the SOC current can be corrected.

[0054] S330. Calculate the correction value of the battery voltage based on the preset calibrated sample value of the battery voltage, the calibrated sample value of the power supply voltage, the preset value of the battery voltage, the actual sample value of the battery voltage, and the actual sample value of the power supply voltage.

[0055] Specifically, when the controller is working, the battery powers the controller, and the control unit obtains the actual sampled value of the battery voltage. and the actual sampled value of the supply voltage Combined with the preset battery voltage value stored inside the control unit 1. Calibration sampling value of battery voltage , calibration sampling value of power supply voltage Through formula This will give you the corrected value for the battery voltage.

[0056] By considering the deviation between the supply voltage and the ideal operating conditions, the correction value of the battery voltage can be calculated, which can correct the error between the actual and ideal operating conditions of the battery voltage.

[0057] S340. Calculate the SOC of the battery based on the correction values ​​of the SOC current and the battery voltage.

[0058] In one embodiment, the method for calculating the SOC of a battery based on the correction value of the SOC current and the correction value of the battery voltage may include: determining the initial SOC value corresponding to the correction value of the battery voltage based on the mapping relationship between open circuit voltage and state of charge; determining the actual charge / discharge capacity based on the correction value of the SOC current; and calculating the SOC of the battery based on the preset rated charge / discharge capacity, the actual charge / discharge capacity, and the initial SOC value.

[0059] Open-circuit voltage (OCV) refers to the terminal voltage of a battery when its internal electrochemical reactions reach equilibrium after sufficient rest. Taking lithium-ion batteries as an example, there is a one-to-one nonlinear functional relationship between OCV and SOC, which is the mapping relationship between open-circuit voltage and state of charge (also known as the OCV-SOC curve). Based on this mapping relationship, the initial SOC value corresponding to the correction value of the battery voltage can be determined.

[0060] The basic principle of the Coulomb integral method is to sample the battery's charging and discharging current in real time and integrate it over time to calculate the change in battery capacity. The actual charging and discharging capacity is then considered. ,(in This is a correction value for the SOC current; positive for discharging and negative for charging.

[0061] The battery's SOC is ,in, This is the initial value of SOC. It equals the product of the rated voltage and the nominal capacity.

[0062] By writing appropriate application programs in the control unit, the sampling deviation of battery voltage can be controlled within ±0.3V, the sampling deviation of SOC current can be controlled within ±0.2A, and the SOC accuracy of the battery can be improved by 3%.

[0063] The battery state-of-charge determination method provided in this embodiment of the invention can be implemented as a computer program and is tangibly contained in a computer-readable storage medium.

[0064] Various embodiments of the systems and techniques described above herein can be implemented in digital electronic circuit systems, integrated circuit systems, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), application-specific standard products (ASSPs), systems-on-a-chip (SoCs), payload-programmable logic devices (CPLDs), computer hardware, firmware, software, and / or combinations thereof. These various embodiments may include implementations in one or more computer programs that can be executed and / or interpreted on a programmable system including at least one programmable processor, which may be a dedicated or general-purpose programmable processor, capable of receiving data and instructions from a storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device, and transmitting data and instructions to the storage system, the at least one input device, and the at least one output device.

[0065] Computer programs used to implement the methods of the present invention may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These computer programs may be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing device, such that when executed by the processor, the computer programs cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be performed. The computer programs may be executed entirely on a machine, partially on a machine, or as a standalone software package, partially on a machine and partially on a remote machine, or entirely on a remote machine or server.

[0066] In the context of this invention, a computer-readable storage medium can be a tangible medium that may contain or store a computer program for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. A computer-readable storage medium may include, but is not limited to, electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor systems, apparatus, or devices, or any suitable combination thereof. Alternatively, a computer-readable storage medium may be a machine-readable signal medium. More specific examples of machine-readable storage media include electrical connections based on one or more wires, portable computer disks, hard disks, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), optical fibers, portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combination thereof.

[0067] To provide interaction with a user, the systems and techniques described herein can be implemented on an electronic device having: a display device (e.g., a CRT (cathode ray tube) or LCD (liquid crystal display) monitor) for displaying information to the user; and a keyboard and pointing device (e.g., a mouse or trackball) through which the user provides input to the electronic device. Other types of devices can also be used to provide interaction with the user; for example, feedback provided to the user can be any form of sensory feedback (e.g., visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback); and input from the user can be received in any form (including sound input, voice input, or tactile input).

[0068] The systems and technologies described herein can be implemented in computing systems that include backend components (e.g., as data servers), or middleware components (e.g., application servers), or frontend components (e.g., user computers with graphical user interfaces or web browsers through which users can interact with implementations of the systems and technologies described herein), or any combination of such backend, middleware, or frontend components. The components of the system can be interconnected via digital data communication of any form or medium (e.g., communication networks). Examples of communication networks include local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), blockchain networks, and the Internet.

[0069] A computing system can include clients and servers. Clients and servers are generally located far apart and typically interact through communication networks. The client-server relationship is created by computer programs running on the respective computers and having a client-server relationship with each other. The server can be a cloud server, also known as a cloud computing server or cloud host, which is a hosting product within the cloud computing service system to address the shortcomings of traditional physical hosts and VPS services, such as high management difficulty and weak business scalability.

[0070] This invention also provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the battery state-of-charge determination method as provided in any embodiment of this invention.

[0071] In implementing the computer program product, computer program code for performing the operations of this invention can be written in one or more programming languages ​​or a combination thereof. Programming languages ​​include object-oriented programming languages ​​such as Java, Smalltalk, and C++, as well as conventional procedural programming languages ​​such as C or similar languages. The program code can be executed entirely on the user's computer, partially on the user's computer, as a standalone software package, partially on the user's computer and partially on a remote computer, or entirely on a remote computer or server. In cases involving remote computers, the remote computer can be connected to the user's computer via any type of network—including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN)—or can be connected to an external computer (e.g., via the Internet using an Internet service provider).

[0072] It should be understood that the various forms of processes shown above can be used, with steps reordered, added, or deleted. For example, the steps described in this invention can be executed in parallel, sequentially, or in different orders, as long as the desired result of the technical solution of this invention can be achieved, and this is not limited herein.

[0073] The specific embodiments described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations, and substitutions can be made according to design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this invention should be included within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A controller, characterized in that, include: The system comprises a reference voltage generation unit, a first sampling unit, a second sampling unit, and a control unit; wherein, The reference voltage generation unit is connected to the power supply voltage and electrically connected to the first sampling unit, and is used to generate a reference voltage based on the power supply voltage; The first sampling unit is connected to the battery and electrically connected to the control unit, and is used to obtain the actual sampled value of the state of charge (SOC) current based on the battery voltage and the reference voltage. The second sampling unit is connected to the battery and electrically connected to the control unit, and is used to obtain the actual sampled value of the battery voltage; The control unit obtains the actual sampled value of the supply voltage and the actual sampled value of the reference voltage through two sampling circuits, and determines the SOC of the battery based on the actual sampled value of the SOC current, the actual sampled value of the battery voltage, the actual sampled value of the supply voltage and the actual sampled value of the reference voltage.

2. The controller according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reference voltage generation unit includes: a first resistor, a second resistor, a first capacitor, a second capacitor, and a first comparator; One end of the first resistor is connected to the power supply voltage, and the other end of the first resistor is electrically connected to the positive input terminal of the first comparator, one end of the second resistor, and one end of the first capacitor, respectively. The negative input terminal of the first comparator is electrically connected to the output terminal of the first comparator. The positive power supply terminal of the first comparator is connected to the power supply voltage, and the positive power supply terminal of the first comparator is electrically connected to one end of the second capacitor. The output terminal of the first comparator is electrically connected to the first sampling unit. The other ends of the second resistor, the first capacitor, and the negative power supply terminal of the first comparator are all grounded.

3. The controller according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first sampling unit includes: a sampling resistor, a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, a sixth resistor, a seventh resistor, a third capacitor, and a second comparator; One end of the third resistor is electrically connected to the reference voltage generation unit, and the other end of the third resistor and one end of the fourth resistor are both electrically connected to the positive input terminal of the second comparator. One end of the sampling resistor and one end of the fifth resistor are both electrically connected to the negative terminal of the battery, and the other ends of the sampling resistor and the fourth resistor are both grounded; the other end of the fifth resistor is electrically connected to the negative input terminal of the second comparator and one end of the sixth resistor; the other end of the sixth resistor is electrically connected to the output terminal of the second comparator and one end of the seventh resistor; the other end of the seventh resistor and one end of the third capacitor are both electrically connected to the control unit; the other end of the third capacitor is grounded.

4. The controller according to claim 3, characterized in that, The resistance value of the sampling resistor is adjustable.

5. The controller according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second sampling unit includes: an eighth resistor, a ninth resistor, and a fourth capacitor; One end of the eighth resistor is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the battery, and the other end of the eighth resistor, one end of the ninth resistor, and one end of the fourth capacitor are all electrically connected to the control unit; the other end of the ninth resistor and the other end of the fourth capacitor are both grounded.

6. An electric vehicle, characterized in that, Includes the controller as described in any one of claims 1-5.

7. A method for determining the state of charge of a battery, characterized in that, The method is applied to a control unit of the controller as described in any one of claims 1-5; the method includes: Acquire the actual sampled values ​​of the State of Charge (SOC) current, battery voltage, supply voltage, and reference voltage; The correction value of the SOC current is calculated based on the preset calibrated sampling value of the SOC current, the preset sampling value of the reference voltage, the preset value of the bus current, the actual sampling value of the SOC current, and the actual sampling value of the reference voltage. The correction value of the battery voltage is calculated based on the preset calibrated sample value of the battery voltage, the preset sample value of the power supply voltage, the actual sample value of the battery voltage, and the actual sample value of the power supply voltage. The SOC of the battery is calculated based on the correction values ​​of the SOC current and the battery voltage.

8. The method for determining the state of charge of a battery according to claim 7, characterized in that, The correction value of the SOC current ; in, , , The calibrated sample value of the SOC current. This is the actual sampled value of the SOC current. This is the preset value for the bus current. for The corresponding sampled values, The reference voltage is the calibrated sample value. This is the actual sampled value of the reference voltage.

9. The method for determining the state of charge of a battery according to claim 7, characterized in that, The correction value of the battery voltage ; in, This is the preset value for the battery voltage. This is the calibrated sample value of the battery voltage. This is the actual sampled value of the battery voltage. The calibrated sample value of the supply voltage. This is the actual sampled value of the power supply voltage.

10. The method for determining the state of charge of a battery according to claim 7, characterized in that, The step of calculating the battery's SOC based on the correction value of the SOC current and the correction value of the battery voltage includes: Based on the mapping relationship between open-circuit voltage and state of charge, the initial SOC value corresponding to the correction value of the battery voltage is determined. The actual charge / discharge capacity is determined based on the correction value of the SOC current. The SOC of the battery is calculated based on the preset rated charge / discharge capacity, the actual charge / discharge capacity, and the initial SOC value.

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