A kind of water source protection area-oriented breeding cycle wisdom fermentation control system and method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of face water source protection area's breeding cycle wisdom fermentation control system and method, it is related to wisdom agriculture and environmental protection technical field.For the problem that existing livestock manure treatment is easy to cause non-point source pollution and fertilizer loss, the system includes: the fermentation tank body with labyrinth condensation backflow baffle in top, the three-layer active anti-leakage base in bottom;Multi-source perception array integrated temperature, ammonia and conductivity sensor;And dynamic fertilizer station and edge computing control terminal.The application introduces temperature-ammonia collaborative fermentation intervention model through edge computing control terminal, adjusts aeration and stirring based on ammonia concentration change rate in high temperature period, combined with physical condensation backflow, realizes nitrogen locking and fertilizer preservation;At the same time, the conductivity mutation of anti-leakage base triggers negative pressure backflow, completely blocks implicit leakage.The application realizes zero pollution treatment and accurate field return of manure in sensitive water source area such as Hanjiang, significantly improves total nitrogen retention rate and fertilizer replacement rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of interdisciplinary technology of smart agriculture and environmental protection, specifically to a smart fermentation control system and method for crop-livestock cycle in water source protection areas. Background Technology

[0002] With the large-scale development of modern animal husbandry, the centralized treatment and resource utilization of livestock and poultry manure has become an important issue in agricultural environmental protection. Especially in ecologically sensitive areas such as the core water source area of ​​the South-to-North Water Diversion Project (such as the Han River Basin), environmental protection standards are extremely stringent.

[0003] Traditional aerobic fermentation processes and equipment for livestock and poultry manure have the following significant drawbacks in practical applications: First, the physical structure at the bottom of traditional fermentation tanks is simple, making them prone to micro-cracks under long-term pressure and corrosion, leading to the hidden leakage of high-concentration biogas slurry and seriously threatening the safety of groundwater and surrounding water bodies. Second, during the high-temperature fermentation period, a large amount of nitrogenous substances escape in the form of ammonia, causing not only serious air pollution but also a significant loss of nitrogen in the final fertilizer, reducing fertilizer efficiency. Third, the produced liquid fertilizer lacks linkage with real-time nutrient requirements of crops during the irrigation stage, and extensive application or fixed-ratio dilution can easily lead to localized soil eutrophication, making it difficult to form a truly high-value closed-loop crop-livestock cycle.

[0004] Therefore, a new technical solution is urgently needed to address issues such as hidden leakage, ammonia escaping, poor fertilizer retention, and indiscriminate return of waste to the fields in water source protection areas during the treatment of sewage. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a smart fermentation control system and method for crop-livestock cycle in water source protection areas, in order to solve the problems in the prior art such as easy leakage of fermentation tanks that pollute water sources, large-scale ammonia gas loss during high-temperature periods leading to reduced fertilizer efficiency, and lack of precise allocation of liquid fertilizer for returning to the field.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: This invention provides a smart fermentation control system for aquaculture recycling in water source protection areas, comprising: a fermentation tank body, the fermentation tank body having a labyrinthine condensation reflux baffle at the top and a three-layer anti-seepage base at the bottom; a multi-source sensing array, including a temperature sensor, an ammonia concentration sensor, and a gridded conductivity sensor embedded in the middle layer of the anti-seepage base, all disposed inside the fermentation tank body; a dynamic fertilizer dispensing station, disposed at the discharge end of the fermentation tank body, integrating an online NPK concentration sensor and a dual-channel variable frequency dosing pump; and an edge computing control terminal, communicatively connected to the multi-source sensing array, the dynamic fertilizer dispensing station, and the aeration equipment and variable frequency mixer of the fermentation tank body; the control terminal is configured with a fermentation intervention model, used to coordinately adjust the air intake of the aeration equipment and the rotation speed of the variable frequency mixer according to the fermentation temperature and the rate of change of ammonia concentration.

[0007] Furthermore, the three-layer seepage-proof base consists of a seepage-proof concrete layer, a permeable gravel monitoring layer, and an HDPE geomembrane layer from top to bottom; the gridded conductivity sensor is laid within the permeable gravel monitoring layer.

[0008] Furthermore, the leachate crushed stone monitoring layer is connected to a negative pressure back pump; when the conductivity value detected by the gridded conductivity sensor is greater than the preset alarm threshold, the edge computing control terminal triggers the negative pressure back pump to start, and back pumps the leachate to the emergency pool.

[0009] Furthermore, a guide channel with an inclination angle of 15 to 25 degrees is provided below the labyrinthine condensation reflux baffle to guide the intercepted and condensed ammonia-rich droplets back into the fermentation tank body.

[0010] Furthermore, the collaborative adjustment logic built into the edge computing control terminal is as follows: when the temperature sensor detects that the fermentation temperature reaches between 55°C and 65°C, and the ammonia concentration change rate calculated by the ammonia concentration sensor is greater than 15 ppm / h for 15 consecutive minutes, the edge computing control terminal outputs a control command to reduce the opening of the air inlet valve of the aeration equipment and simultaneously increase the speed of the variable frequency mixer.

[0011] Furthermore, the operating logic of the dynamic fertilizer distribution station is as follows: the edge computing control terminal acquires the preset crop fertilizer requirement curve, and combines it with the real-time liquid fertilizer nutrient data acquired by the online NPK concentration sensor to control the dual-channel variable frequency dosing pump to adjust the mixing ratio of fermented liquid fertilizer and irrigation water.

[0012] The present invention also provides a fermentation control method using the above-described system, comprising the following steps: Step S1: Add livestock and poultry manure and auxiliary materials into the fermentation tank for aerobic fermentation; Step S2: The multi-source sensing array collects real-time data on temperature, ammonia concentration, and conductivity at the bottom of the fermentation tank and transmits it to the edge computing control terminal. Step S3: During the high-temperature fermentation period, when the ammonia concentration change rate exceeds the safety threshold, the control terminal reduces the bottom aeration rate and increases the stirring speed, which, together with the labyrinth-type condensation reflux baffle at the top, intercepts the ammonia-rich vapor, thereby locking in nitrogen and preserving fertilizer. Step S4: After fermentation, the liquid fertilizer enters the dynamic fertilizer mixing station, and is diluted according to the real-time measured NPK concentration and the crop growth requirements before being discharged into the farmland irrigation network. Step S5: If the conductivity of the bottom layer changes abruptly during the entire fermentation cycle, the system will automatically cut off the feed and start the back-extraction program to prevent the seepage liquid from penetrating the bottom layer.

[0013] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. Completely block hidden leakage and protect water sources: The innovative active anti-leakage base is designed to intercept the leakage liquid in the infiltration gravel monitoring layer and perform negative pressure back pumping, reducing the probability of the leakage liquid entering the natural soil to 0%, meeting the extremely high environmental protection requirements of sensitive water source areas.

[0014] 2. Nitrogen Locking and Fertilizer Preservation, Reducing Non-point Source Pollution: Utilizing a temperature-ammonia synergistic algorithm combined with a labyrinthine condensation reflux baffle effectively suppresses the rapid escape of ammonia gas during high-temperature periods. Data shows that compared to traditional processes, the ammonia gas escape rate is reduced by more than 42.5%, and the final liquid fertilizer total nitrogen retention rate is increased by more than 18.5%, significantly improving the economic value of the fertilizer.

[0015] 3. Precise fertilizer application, creating a closed-loop system for planting and breeding: By dynamically adjusting the ratio of liquid fertilizer to clean water in real time through fertilizer application stations, fertilization can be achieved on demand. This effectively prevents soil compaction and cross-contamination from eutrophication of water bodies, while also enabling a fertilizer substitution rate of over 48%, helping to reduce costs and increase efficiency in agricultural production. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the fermentation tank body of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a system architecture block diagram showing the connection between the edge computing control terminal and various components of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the fermentation intervention and control method of the present invention.

[0019] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram: 1-Fermentation tank body; 2-Maze-type condensate reflux baffle; 3-Guide channel; 4-Anti-leakage base; 41-Anti-seepage concrete layer; 42-Percolation gravel monitoring layer; 43-HDPE anti-seepage membrane layer; 5-Temperature sensor; 6-Ammonia concentration sensor; 7-Gridded conductivity sensor; 8-Negative pressure return pump; 9-Edge computing control terminal; 10-Dynamic fertilizer mixing station; 11-Online NPK concentration sensor; 12-Dual-channel variable frequency dosing pump; 13-Aeration equipment; 14-Variable frequency mixer. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Reference Figures 1 to 3 This invention provides a smart fermentation control system for integrated crop and livestock farming in water source protection areas. This system is primarily applied in areas with extremely high environmental protection requirements to achieve zero-pollution treatment and precise return of livestock and poultry manure to the fields. The system mainly consists of a fermentation tank body 1, a multi-source sensing array, a dynamic fertilizer blending station 10, and an edge computing control terminal 9.

[0022] Specifically, the top of the fermentation tank body 1 is equipped with a labyrinth-type condensation and reflux baffle 2, and below the baffle is a guide channel 3 with an inclination angle of 15 to 25 degrees. During the high-temperature period of aerobic fermentation, the hot waste gas carrying high concentrations of ammonia and water vapor rises and impacts the labyrinth-type condensation and reflux baffle 2. After the ammonia-rich water vapor condenses into droplets, it drips back into the fermentation tank along the guide channel 3, thereby physically intercepting the gaseous nitrogen elements that are lost.

[0023] The bottom of the fermentation tank body 1 is designed as a seepage-proof base 4, which includes, from top to bottom, a seepage-proof concrete layer 41, a percolation gravel monitoring layer 42, and an HDPE geomembrane layer 43. A multi-source sensing array includes temperature sensors 5 and ammonia concentration sensors 6 distributed inside the fermentation tank, as well as a gridded conductivity sensor 7 laid within the percolation gravel monitoring layer 42. When a minor crack occurs in the seepage-proof concrete layer 41, causing high-salt manure to seep in, the gridded conductivity sensor 7 within the percolation gravel monitoring layer 42 will instantly detect a sudden change in conductivity (e.g., a jump from less than 0.5 mS / cm to more than 2.0 mS / cm). At this time, the edge computing control terminal 9 will trigger a negative pressure backflow pump 8 connected to this layer within 3 seconds, directly backflowing the leaked liquid back to the upstream emergency tank, preventing it from penetrating the HDPE geomembrane layer 43 and entering the groundwater.

[0024] The specific implementation and control process of fermentation intervention is executed by the edge computing control terminal 9. When the temperature sensor 5 detects that the fermentation temperature has reached the high temperature range of 55°C to 65°C, and the control terminal 9 calculates that the ammonia concentration change rate is greater than 15 ppm / h for 15 consecutive minutes, it is determined that the nitrogen loss inside the fermentation pile is too rapid. At this time, the control terminal 9 automatically issues a command to reduce the opening of the air inlet valve of the bottom aeration device 13 by 30%, and simultaneously increase the speed of the variable frequency mixer 14 to 15 rpm. Through physical turning and heat dissipation, the excessive activity of nitrifying bacteria is inhibited, thereby locking in nitrogen fertilizer. Test estimates show that this synergistic control method can shorten the fermentation cycle to about 15 days and significantly increase the total nitrogen retention rate to over 63.5%.

[0025] After fermentation, the liquid fertilizer enters a dynamic fertilizer mixing station 10 located at the discharge end. The dynamic fertilizer mixing station 10 integrates an online NPK concentration sensor 11 and a dual-channel variable frequency dosing pump 12. During the return-to-field operation, the edge computing control terminal 9, based on the specific crop growth cycle nutrient requirement curve stored in the background and combined with the real-time nutrient concentration obtained by the online NPK concentration sensor 11, controls the dual-channel variable frequency dosing pump 12 to automatically and precisely mix the liquid fertilizer with irrigation water at a ratio of 1:80 to 1:120 before discharging it into the farmland irrigation network. This effectively reduces pesticide use and increases efficiency in agricultural planting while mitigating the risk of non-point source pollution.

[0026] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A smart fermentation control system for integrated crop and livestock farming in water source protection areas, characterized in that, include: Fermentation tank body: The fermentation tank body is equipped with a labyrinth-type condensation reflux baffle at the top and a three-layer anti-leakage base at the bottom; Multi-source sensing array: including a temperature sensor and an ammonia concentration sensor installed inside the fermentation tank body, and a gridded conductivity sensor embedded in the middle layer of the anti-leakage base; Dynamic fertilizer application station: Located at the drain end of the fermentation tank, it integrates an online NPK concentration sensor and a dual-channel variable frequency dosing pump. Edge computing control terminal: It is communicatively connected to the multi-source sensing array, dynamic fertilizer application station, and aeration equipment and variable frequency mixer of the fermentation tank body; the control terminal is equipped with a fermentation intervention model, which is used to coordinately adjust the air intake of the aeration equipment and the rotation speed of the variable frequency mixer according to the fermentation temperature and the ammonia concentration change rate.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The three-layer seepage-proof base consists of a seepage-proof concrete layer, a permeable gravel monitoring layer, and an HDPE geomembrane layer from top to bottom; the gridded conductivity sensor is laid inside the permeable gravel monitoring layer.

3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The infiltration gravel monitoring layer is connected to a negative pressure back pump; when the conductivity value detected by the gridded conductivity sensor is greater than the preset alarm threshold, the edge computing control terminal triggers the negative pressure back pump to start, and back pumps the leachate to the emergency pool.

4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Below the labyrinthine condensation reflux baffle is a guide channel with an inclination angle of 15 to 25 degrees, which is used to guide the intercepted and condensed ammonia-rich droplets back into the fermentation tank body.

5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The edge computing control terminal has a built-in collaborative adjustment logic as follows: when the temperature sensor detects that the fermentation temperature reaches between 55°C and 65°C, and the ammonia concentration change rate calculated by the ammonia concentration sensor is greater than 15 ppm / h for 15 consecutive minutes, the edge computing control terminal outputs a control command to reduce the opening of the air inlet valve of the aeration equipment and simultaneously increase the speed of the variable frequency mixer.

6. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The operating logic of the dynamic fertilizer distribution station is as follows: the edge computing control terminal obtains the preset crop fertilizer requirement curve, and combines it with the real-time liquid fertilizer nutrient data obtained by the online NPK concentration sensor to control the dual-channel variable frequency dosing pump to adjust the mixing ratio of fermented liquid fertilizer and irrigation water.

7. A fermentation control method using the system described in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: Add livestock and poultry manure and auxiliary materials into the fermentation tank for aerobic fermentation; Step S2: The multi-source sensing array collects real-time data on temperature, ammonia concentration, and conductivity at the bottom of the fermentation tank and transmits it to the edge computing control terminal. Step S3: During the high-temperature fermentation period, when the ammonia concentration change rate exceeds the safety threshold, the control terminal reduces the bottom aeration rate and increases the stirring speed, which, together with the labyrinth-type condensation reflux baffle at the top, intercepts the ammonia-rich vapor, thereby locking in nitrogen and preserving fertilizer. Step S4: After fermentation, the liquid fertilizer enters the dynamic fertilizer blending station and is diluted according to the real-time measured NPK concentration and the crop growth requirements before being discharged into the farmland irrigation network. Step S5: If the conductivity of the bottom layer changes abruptly during the entire fermentation cycle, the system will automatically cut off the feed and start the back-extraction program to prevent the seepage liquid from penetrating the bottom layer.

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