Livestock breeding fresh manure closed coking treatment device

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of livestock breeding fresh manure closed coking treatment device, it is related to livestock manure treatment equipment technical field.The device includes machine body shell, fresh manure closed feeding unit, closed coking reaction bin, driving mechanism, heating unit, temperature control and oxygen supply regulation unit, flue gas purification and waste heat recovery unit, cooling discharge unit and control unit;Closed operation can be directly processed high water content fresh manure, through the combustion of agricultural and forestry waste heat, precise temperature control 300-600 ℃ anaerobic / limited oxygen coking, flue gas purification and waste heat reuse, realize fresh manure harmless treatment and biochar-based organic fertilizer output.The device is reliable in sealing, no foul odor leakage, high nutrient retention rate, low energy consumption, high degree of automation, suitable for large-scale livestock breeding manure instant processing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of livestock manure treatment equipment, specifically to a closed-type high-temperature coking treatment device adapted to fresh manure with high moisture content. It is suitable for the harmless treatment and resource conversion of fresh manure in livestock farming scenarios, and can directly produce biochar-based organic fertilizer. It belongs to the cross-field of environmental protection and agricultural resource recycling. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, manure treatment equipment in the livestock farming industry mainly includes composting fermentation tanks, simple extrusion dewatering machines, and ordinary carbonization furnaces, but existing equipment has significant technical defects: 1. Ordinary carbonization furnaces can only process dry manure with low moisture content and cannot be directly adapted to fresh manure with a moisture content of over 60%. An additional dehydration pretreatment step is required, which makes the process lengthy and increases costs. 2. The equipment's sealing structure is inadequate, causing foul-smelling gases to leak during the fresh manure treatment process, which does not meet environmental emission requirements; 3. Low temperature control precision in high-temperature processes leads to excessive loss of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus in manure, reducing its resource value; 4. The heating system has high energy consumption, lacks a waste heat recovery mechanism, has low energy utilization, and poses a risk of secondary pollution due to direct emission of flue gas; To address the aforementioned shortcomings, this invention provides an integrated coking treatment device that can directly process fresh manure, is environmentally friendly in a closed system, retains high levels of nutrients, and is energy-efficient. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Technical Objectives: To overcome the shortcomings of existing equipment and provide a well-structured and easy-to-operate closed coking treatment device for fresh livestock manure, achieving: direct treatment of high-moisture-content fresh manure without pretreatment; fully enclosed operation with no odor leakage or secondary pollution; precise temperature and oxygen control to maximize nutrient retention and improve the quality of biochar-based organic fertilizer; waste heat recovery combined with heating of agricultural and forestry waste to reduce energy consumption and ensure compliant flue gas emissions; and PLC fully automatic control for stable operation throughout the entire process.

[0004] Technical Solution: A closed coking treatment device for fresh livestock manure, characterized in that it includes a machine shell, a closed fresh manure feeding unit, a closed coking reaction chamber, a drive mechanism, a heating unit, a temperature control and oxygen supply regulation unit, a flue gas purification and waste heat recovery unit, a cooling discharge unit, and a control unit; each unit is sequentially and sealed to form a fully closed material channel; the heating unit is thermally connected to the closed coking reaction chamber; the temperature control and oxygen supply regulation unit is connected to both the closed coking reaction chamber and the heating unit; one end of the flue gas purification and waste heat recovery unit is sealed to the exhaust port of the closed coking reaction chamber, and the other end is thermally connected to the heating unit; the control unit is electrically connected to each functional unit to achieve fully automated control of the entire process; 1. Outer shell: It adopts a composite structure of metal material and heat insulation layer. The metal material is selected from corrosion-resistant alloy, and the heat insulation layer is made of high temperature resistant insulation material. The outer shell provides support and protection for the internal functional units of the device, while reducing internal heat loss. 2. Fresh manure sealed feeding unit: including a sealed feeding hopper and a screw conveyor assembly. The sealed feeding hopper has a feeding port with a sealing cover at the top and is sealed to the screw conveyor assembly at the bottom. The screw conveyor assembly adopts a auger-type structure and the inner wall of the conveying pipe is coated with a corrosion-resistant coating. The screw conveyor power enables the leakage-free conveying of fresh manure and avoids the diffusion of malodorous gases during the conveying process.

[0005] 3. Sealed coking reaction chamber: This is the core reaction unit of the device, including a sealed coking reaction chamber. The coking reaction chamber is made of corrosion-resistant metal material, and the inner wall of the chamber is coated with an anti-stick coating. The coking reaction chamber is equipped with a spiral guiding structure inside, which is used to realize the turning, mixing and conveying of materials to the discharge end during the rotation of the reaction chamber. 4. Drive mechanism: including motor and reduction mechanism, which is connected to one end of coking reaction chamber to drive the reaction chamber to rotate around the axis; two symmetrical rotary grooved wheels are set at the bottom of the chamber, and the grooved wheels are in rolling contact with the outer wall of the chamber to provide stable support for the rotation of the chamber; 5. Heating unit: including an agricultural and forestry waste combustion assembly; the combustion chamber of the combustion assembly is connected to the coking reaction chamber through a heat conduction structure, which can transfer the heat energy generated by the combustion of agricultural and forestry waste to the coking reaction chamber; at the same time, the ash outlet of the combustion assembly is connected to the fresh manure closed feeding unit or the feeding end of the coking reaction chamber, so that the ash after combustion is mixed with the fresh manure, reducing the viscosity of the fresh manure and improving the flowability of the material; 6. Temperature and Oxygen Supply Control Unit: This unit includes a temperature monitoring component, an oxygen content monitoring component, and a control execution component. The temperature monitoring component includes a temperature sensor installed inside the coking reaction chamber for real-time acquisition of temperature data within the chamber. The oxygen content monitoring component includes an oxygen concentration monitor installed inside the coking reaction chamber for real-time monitoring of the oxygen content within the chamber. The control execution component is connected to the heating unit and the exhaust component, respectively, and can adjust the heating power and exhaust volume according to the monitoring data to maintain the temperature inside the coking reaction chamber at 300-600℃ and maintain an oxygen-free or oxygen-limited environment. 7. Flue Gas Purification and Waste Heat Recovery Unit: Includes a flue gas purification component and a waste heat recovery component; one end of the flue gas purification component is sealed to the exhaust port of the coking reaction chamber, and the interior is equipped with a filtration, adsorption or spray purification structure to remove dust and harmful gases from the flue gas; the waste heat recovery component includes a heat exchanger, which is connected to the exhaust end of the flue gas purification component and the heating unit respectively, and recovers the waste heat of the flue gas through heat exchange and reuses it in the heating process to realize energy recycling; 8. Cooling and Discharge Unit: Includes a sealed cooling tank and a screening assembly; one end of the sealed cooling tank is sealed to the discharge end of the coking reaction chamber, and a cooling medium channel is provided inside for cooling the coking products; the screening assembly is located at the discharge end of the sealed cooling tank and adopts a multi-layer screening structure to classify and screen the coking cooled products, ultimately obtaining biochar-based organic fertilizer that meets the particle size requirements; 9. Control Unit: A PLC programmable logic control system is adopted, which is electrically connected to each functional unit. The PLC system has a preset control program, which can automatically control the feeding rate, reaction chamber speed, heating power, temperature and oxygen concentration, flue gas purification process and discharge rate according to preset parameters or real-time monitoring data, so as to realize the fully automated operation.

[0006] Beneficial effects High adaptability: 1. Directly processes fresh manure with high moisture content, mixes ash to reduce viscosity, and requires no pretreatment; 2. Excellent environmental performance: The entire process is sealed, with no foul odor leakage, and the flue gas purification meets standards; 3. Excellent nutrient retention: Precise temperature control of 300-600℃ and an anaerobic / limited oxygen environment reduce nutrient loss; 4. Energy-saving and efficient: Heating from agricultural and forestry waste + waste heat recovery, resulting in low energy consumption and high resource utilization rate; 5. High degree of automation: PLC fully automatic control, safe operation, and adaptable to large-scale processing. Attached Figure Description

[0007] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a closed coking treatment device for fresh livestock manure according to the present invention. It is used to clearly show the overall layout, connection relationship and assembly structure of each functional unit of the device, and to intuitively show the fully enclosed material processing channel and the position distribution of each unit, so as to facilitate the understanding of the structure and working process of the present invention.

[0008] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1-Machine body; 2-Sealed feed hopper; 3-Screw conveyor auger; 4-Sealed coking reaction chamber; 5-Drive motor reducer; 6-Rotating pulley; 7-Straw combustion furnace; 8-Temperature sensor; 9-Oxygen content monitor; 10-Flue gas purification tower; 11-Waste heat recovery unit; 12-Sealed cooling tank; 13-Vibrating screen; 14-PLC control cabinet.

Claims

1. A closed coking treatment device for fresh livestock manure, characterized in that, The system includes a casing, a sealed fresh manure feeding unit, a sealed coking reaction chamber, a drive mechanism, a heating unit, a temperature and oxygen supply control unit, a flue gas purification and waste heat recovery unit, a cooling discharge unit, and a control unit. The sealed fresh manure feeding unit, the sealed coking reaction chamber, and the cooling discharge unit are sequentially and sealed together to form a fully enclosed material handling channel. The heating unit is thermally connected to the sealed coking reaction chamber to provide heat for the coking reaction. The temperature and oxygen supply control unit is electrically connected to both the sealed coking reaction chamber and the heating unit to control the temperature and oxygen concentration in the reaction chamber. One end of the flue gas purification and waste heat recovery unit is sealed to the exhaust port of the sealed coking reaction chamber, and the other end is thermally connected to the heating unit to achieve flue gas purification and waste heat recovery. The control unit is electrically connected to each functional unit to control the fully automated operation of the entire process.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer shell of the device adopts a composite structure of metal material and heat insulation layer. The metal material is selected from corrosion-resistant alloys, and the heat insulation layer is made of high-temperature resistant insulation material. The outer shell provides support and protection for the internal functional units of the device, while reducing internal heat loss.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fresh manure closed feeding unit includes a sealed feeding hopper with a sealing cover and a screw conveyor assembly; the bottom of the sealed feeding hopper is sealed to the screw conveyor assembly, and the inner wall of the conveying pipe of the screw conveyor assembly is provided with a corrosion-resistant and non-stick coating; the sealing cover is made of an elastic sealing material, which forms a closed space inside the sealed feeding hopper after being closed.

4. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sealed coking reaction chamber includes a cylindrical coking reaction cavity; the coking reaction cavity is made of corrosion-resistant metal material, and the inner wall of the cavity is provided with a spiral guide structure.

5. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The driving mechanism includes a motor and a reduction mechanism, which are connected to one end of the coking reaction chamber to drive the reaction chamber to rotate around the axis; two symmetrical rotating grooved wheels are provided at the bottom of the chamber, and the grooved wheels are in rolling contact with the outer wall of the chamber.

6. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heating unit includes an agricultural and forestry waste combustion assembly; the combustion chamber of the combustion assembly is connected to the coking reaction chamber through a heat conduction structure; the ash outlet of the combustion assembly is connected to the fresh manure closed feeding unit or the feeding end of the coking reaction chamber.

7. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature control and oxygen supply regulation unit includes a temperature monitoring component, an oxygen content monitoring component, and a regulation execution component; the temperature monitoring component includes a temperature sensor that extends into the coking reaction chamber; the oxygen content monitoring component includes an oxygen concentration monitor that is connected to the coking reaction chamber; the regulation execution component is connected to the heating unit and the exhaust component respectively, so that the temperature inside the coking reaction chamber is maintained at 300-600℃, and an oxygen-free or oxygen-limited environment is maintained.

8. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flue gas purification and waste heat recovery unit includes a flue gas purification component and a waste heat recovery component; the flue gas purification component is equipped with a filtration, adsorption or spray purification structure; the waste heat recovery component includes a heat exchanger, which is connected to the gas outlet of the flue gas purification component and the heating unit respectively.

9. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cooling discharge unit includes a sealed cooling tank and a screening assembly; one end of the sealed cooling tank is sealed to the discharge end of the coking reaction chamber, and a cooling medium channel is provided inside; the screening assembly is located at the discharge end of the sealed cooling tank and adopts a multi-layer screening structure.

10. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control unit adopts a PLC programmable logic control system with a preset control program to automatically control the feeding rate, reaction chamber rotation speed, heating power, temperature and oxygen concentration, flue gas purification process and discharge rate.

Images