Self-controlled compost fermentation system device

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of self-control compost fermentation system device, belong to organic fertilizer fermentation processing equipment technical field.The present application includes shell, cover and drive motor, inside is equipped with stirring mechanism, stirring mechanism includes stir dragon shaft and coaxially fixed in outside partition cylinder, partition cylinder outside is equipped with external stirring blade, inside and outside helical blade rotation direction is opposite.Shell lower end is matched with the conical base controlled by hydraulic cylinder to lift, conical base center is equipped with spherical top, edge is equipped with water hole and is connected with telescopic drain pipeline.The present application adjusts the distance between conical base and partition cylinder bottom by hydraulic cylinder, dynamically changes material extrusion degree to extrude excess moisture, realizes real-time control of moisture content;Material after extrusion is fermented in and out circulation;At the same time, lifting mechanism cooperates with guide rod and guide sleeve to ensure smooth lifting, and the spherical head of the end of external stirring blade abuts against the inner wall of shell to improve the rotation stability of stirring shaft system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an automated composting fermentation system, belonging to the technical field of organic fertilizer fermentation treatment equipment. Background Technology

[0002] Organic fertilizer composting is an important means of realizing the resource utilization of waste. During the composting process, the moisture content and oxygen content distribution of the material have a crucial impact on the fermentation efficiency and quality.

[0003] Existing fermentation devices typically use simple stirring paddles to mix materials, which has the following technical drawbacks: First, the materials are mostly tumbled in situ, resulting in low material exchange efficiency between upper and lower layers, easily creating fermentation dead zones and leading to uneven fermentation. Second, the moisture content of the materials during fermentation is difficult to control dynamically in real time. If the moisture content is too high, it can reduce the gaps between materials, creating an anaerobic environment and producing foul odors; if the moisture content is too low, microbial activity decreases, and the fermentation cycle is significantly prolonged. Existing equipment often requires manual addition of auxiliary materials based on experience before fermentation to adjust the moisture content, which not only increases processing costs but also fails to allow for dynamic intervention based on changes in the material's state during fermentation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a self-controlled composting fermentation system device, which realizes dynamic fermentation and precise control of material moisture content through dynamic forced circulation of inner and outer layer materials and real-time adjustment of extrusion gap.

[0005] The self-controlled composting fermentation system device of the present invention includes a cylindrical shell, a cover plate installed on the upper end of the shell, a drive motor installed on the cover plate, and a stirring mechanism located inside the shell connected to the output end of the drive motor. The stirring mechanism includes an auger shaft, a partition cylinder is coaxially fixed to the outside of the auger shaft, an internal spiral blade is provided between the auger shaft and the inner wall of the partition cylinder, and an external stirring blade arranged in a spiral pattern is connected to the outside of the partition cylinder, with the internal spiral blade and the external stirring blade arranged in opposite directions of rotation. The lower end of the housing is fitted with a liftable conical base. A spherical dome is provided at the center of the upper surface of the conical base, and the spherical dome is arranged directly opposite the bottom outlet of the upper partition cylinder. A drainage hole is provided on the upper surface of the conical base near the inner wall of the housing. The outer side of the housing is connected to a downwardly extending support frame, on which a lifting mechanism is installed. The output end of the lifting mechanism is connected to the lower end of the conical base, and is used to drive the conical base to lift. During fermentation and dehydration, the conical base rises to seal the lower end of the shell. The material is conveyed upwards by the external stirring blades and enters the separator cylinder from the top inlet. The auger shaft conveys the material downwards and presses it against the conical base and the spherical top. The distance between the conical base and the lower end of the separator cylinder is adjusted by the lifting mechanism to change the pressure and dehydration force on the material. The squeezed water is discharged through the drain hole. The squeezed material re-enters between the separator cylinder and the inner wall of the shell, realizing dynamic fermentation of material circulation and real-time control of moisture content.

[0006] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lower end of the drain hole is connected to a water receiving part, the water receiving part is disposed inside or at the lower end of the conical base, and the lower end of the water receiving part is connected to a drain pipe leading to the outside, the drain pipe being arranged as a telescopic pipe.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the water receiving part includes an annular shell connected to the lower end face of the conical base, the annular shell being arranged opposite the drain hole, the bottom surface of the annular shell being arc-shaped or inclined, and the drain pipe being connected to the bottom surface of the annular shell.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the side wall of the separator is provided with a spirally arranged material port. When the liquid level of the material in the shell is lower than the top inlet of the separator, the material can enter the interior of the separator through the material port to participate in the circulation.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lifting mechanism includes a lifting platform fixed to the upper end of the support frame, a hydraulic cylinder is installed on the lifting platform, and the output end of the hydraulic cylinder extends upward and is fixedly connected to the bottom of the conical base.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lower end face of the spherical top located inside the conical base is arranged in a planar manner, the output end of the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the lower end face of the spherical top, a plurality of connecting platforms are provided on the lower surface of the conical base, guide rods are respectively installed on the connecting platforms, and guide sleeves that are slidably connected to the guide rods are provided on the lifting platform.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an oil receiving container is provided on the support frame directly below the hydraulic cylinder for collecting hydraulic oil that may leak from the hydraulic cylinder.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a material bin is provided below the conical base; in the unloading state, the lifting mechanism drives the conical base to descend and detach from the lower end of the shell, and the material inside the shell slides down the conical surface of the conical base into the material bin at the lower end.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the external stirring blade includes a stirring column connected to the outer wall of the partition cylinder, a stirring plate for increasing the stirring area is connected to the stirring column, and a ball head is provided at the end of the stirring column away from the partition cylinder. The ball head is used to abut against the inner wall of the housing to improve the rotational stability of the stirring mechanism.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: Dynamic and precise control of moisture content: The hydraulic cylinder is used to precisely control the lifting and lowering of the conical base, changing the distance between the spherical top and the discharge port at the lower end of the separator cylinder, thereby changing the squeezing force when the auger shaft presses down on the material, squeezing out excess water, and realizing real-time, dynamic and active control of moisture content during fermentation.

[0015] Forced internal and external circulation fermentation: Through the design of spiral blades with opposite rotation directions inside and outside the separator, combined with the spherical top guide structure at the bottom, the material forms a closed-loop dynamic circulation inside the shell, which is "rising on the outside - refluxing on the top - falling on the inside - being squeezed out at the bottom - rising on the outside again", thus completely eliminating fermentation dead zones.

[0016] The drainage system is highly adaptable: the drainage pipes are arranged with telescopic pipes, which can perfectly adapt to the large stroke lifting of the conical base; the bottom surface of the annular shell of the water receiving part is designed with an arc or inclination, which effectively prevents the sedimentation and blockage of squeezed sewage.

[0017] Strong anti-eccentric load capacity during lifting: A guide rod is added to the bottom of the conical base and slides in conjunction with the guide sleeve on the lifting platform, and the lower part of the spherical top of the hydraulic cylinder pushes the plane. This guiding structure greatly disperses the lateral load caused by uneven material distribution, protects the hydraulic cylinder, and ensures smooth lifting and opening.

[0018] The stirring shaft system has extremely high rotational stability: the ends of the external stirring blades are designed with ball heads, which abut against the inner wall of the housing when rotating. This is equivalent to adding a layer of "sliding bearing" support to the outside of the suspended long shaft, which greatly reduces the radial sway of the stirring mechanism and improves the smoothness of the equipment's operation and service life. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is one of the internal structure schematic diagrams of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is the second internal structure schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the material silo and shell structure omitted in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the lifting mechanism structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the conical base structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom structure of an embodiment of the present invention; In the picture: 1. Shell; 11. Aeration port; 2. Cover plate; 21. Exhaust port; 3. Drive motor; 4. Mixing mechanism; 41. Auger shaft; 42. Divider cylinder; 43. External mixing blades; 431. Mixing column; 432. Mixing plate; 433. Ball head; 434. Scraper column; 435. Reinforcing plate; 44. Material inlet; 45. Top inlet; 46. Bottom outlet; 5. Conical base; 51. Drain hole; 52. Water receiving part; 53. Drain pipe; 54. Spherical top; 55. Connecting platform; 56. Silicone sealing skirt; 6. Material warehouse; 7. Support frame; 8. Lifting mechanism; 81. Lifting platform; 82. Hydraulic cylinder; 83. Guide rod; 84. Guide sleeve; 9. Oil receiving container. Detailed Implementation

[0020] Example like Figures 1-8 As shown, the self-controlled composting fermentation system device of the present invention includes a cylindrical shell 1, a cover plate 2 installed on the upper end of the shell 1, a drive motor 3 installed on the cover plate 2, and a stirring mechanism 4 located inside the shell 1 connected to the output end of the drive motor 3.

[0021] The stirring mechanism 4 includes an auger shaft 41, with a partition cylinder 42 coaxially fixed to the outside of the auger shaft 41. Internal spiral blades are provided between the auger shaft 41 and the inner wall of the partition cylinder 42. External stirring blades 43 arranged in a spiral pattern are connected to the outside of the partition cylinder 42, with the internal spiral blades and external stirring blades 43 arranged in opposite directions of rotation. Furthermore, a spirally arranged material inlet 44 is provided on the side wall of the partition cylinder 42. When the liquid level of the material inside the shell 1 is lower than the top inlet 45 of the partition cylinder 42, the low-level material can still enter the partition cylinder 42 through the material inlet 44 to participate in circulation.

[0022] To improve stirring efficiency and structural stability, the external stirring blade 43 is not a traditional single-blade structure, but includes a stirring column 431 connected to the outer wall of the separator 42. A stirring plate 432, which increases the stirring area, is connected to the stirring column 431. A reinforcing plate 435 is spirally connected to the stirring column 431 to improve its stability. More ingeniously, a ball head 433 is provided at the end of the stirring column 431 furthest from the separator 42 (i.e., the outermost end). During rotary fermentation, the ball head 433 slides against the inner wall of the shell 1. Since the forces inside the fermentation equipment are often uneven, the ball head 433 acts as a circumferential support, similar to a "sliding bearing," effectively preventing radial displacement or violent shaking of the slender stirring mechanism 4, and significantly improving rotational stability.

[0023] The ball head 433 is equipped with vertically arranged scraper columns 434. During fermentation, high-humidity organic waste easily adheres to the inner wall of the shell 1. Therefore, scraper columns 434 are welded to the spherical surface of the ball head 433 on the stirring column 431. The gap between the outer periphery of the scraper column 434 and the inner wall of the shell 1 is maintained at 2-5 mm. When the stirring mechanism 4 rotates, the ball head 433 is responsible for rolling or sliding to maintain its upright position, while the following scraper columns 434 continuously scrape away the material adhering to the inner wall, not only avoiding fermentation dead zones but also greatly enhancing the efficiency of heat and oxygen transfer.

[0024] The lower end of the housing 1 is fitted with a liftable conical base 5. A raised spherical dome 54 is located at the center of the upper surface of the conical base 5, directly opposite the bottom outlet 46 of the upper partition cylinder 42. Several drainage holes 51 are provided on the upper surface of the conical base 5 near the inner wall of the housing 1. A water receiving part 52 is connected to the lower end of each drainage hole 51. The water receiving part 52 includes an annular housing connected to the lower end face of the conical base 5, directly opposite the drainage holes 51. The bottom surface of the annular housing is arc-shaped or inclined (to facilitate sewage collection and prevent sedimentation). A drain pipe 53 leading to the outside is connected to the lowest point of the bottom surface. To accommodate the large stroke lifting of the conical base 5, the drain pipe 53 is preferably a telescopic pipe (such as a corrugated hose or a pipe with the upper end extending into the lower end for sliding connection).

[0025] To prevent accidental leakage of materials from the bottom gaps during fermentation and dehydration, the outer edge of the conical base 5 is covered with a corrosion-resistant and high-temperature-resistant silicone sealing skirt 56. When the hydraulic cylinder 82 lifts the conical base 5 to the working position, the silicone sealing skirt 56 is compressed and deformed, and fits tightly against the inner wall of the housing 1, forming a reliable seal. This ensures that the squeezed water can only be discharged through the drain hole 51 in a directional manner, without polluting the external environment.

[0026] The outer casing 1 is connected to a downwardly extending support frame 7, and a lifting platform 81 is fixed to the lower end of the support frame 7. A lifting mechanism 8 is installed on the lifting platform 81, with a hydraulic cylinder 82 as its core power source. To prevent oil leakage from contaminating the organic fertilizer, an oil receiving container 9 is provided on the support frame 7 directly below the hydraulic cylinder 82.

[0027] To ensure that the conical base 5 does not tilt or jam when bearing the weight and pressure of large materials, this invention designs a special anti-eccentric load structure: the spherical top 54 is arranged in a planar manner on the lower end face of the inner part of the conical base 5, and the output end of the hydraulic cylinder 82 is directly and rigidly connected to this lower end face to provide an upward thrust; at the same time, several evenly distributed connecting platforms 55 are provided on the lower surface of the conical base 5, and guide rods 83 are vertically installed on the connecting platforms 55. Correspondingly, the lifting platform 81 is provided with a guide sleeve 84 that slides in cooperation with the guide rods 83. During lifting, the guide rods 83 slide within the guide sleeves 84, bearing all the lateral eccentric loads and ensuring that the hydraulic cylinder 82 only bears axial forces.

[0028] In addition, a material bin 6 is located directly below the conical base 5.

[0029] Organic fermentation generates a significant amount of heat and some waste gases such as ammonia. To maintain a suitable fermentation temperature and prevent pollution, the outer shell 1 is covered with an insulation jacket or polyurethane insulation layer. Hot water can be introduced into the insulation jacket or an electric heating cable can be laid to ensure that microorganisms maintain high activity even in low-temperature winter environments. In addition, the cover plate 2 has an exhaust port 21, which connects to an external deodorizing biological filter or activated carbon adsorption device to centrally treat the exhaust gas generated during fermentation and meet environmental emission requirements.

[0030] As a crucial part of the fermentation process, this embodiment also includes a bottom aeration system. The outer shell 1 is equipped with an aeration port 11 that connects to the interior. The outer end of the aeration port 11 is connected to a blower via a flexible hose. During the fermentation and dehydration cycle, the blower pumps fresh air into the interior, and the airflow, penetrating upwards from the bottom, is mixed into the material by the external stirring blades 43. This not only provides sufficient oxygen for aerobic microorganisms, but the penetrating power of the airflow also helps to remove some free moisture, further improving the efficiency of dynamic dehydration and fermentation.

[0031] Working process or working principle: Fermentation, dehydration, and circulating water control: The hydraulic cylinder 82 extends, driving the conical base 5 to rise and seal it against the lower end of the shell 1. The drive motor 3 is started; due to the opposite rotation directions of the inner and outer spirals, the external stirring blades 43 (with stirring plates 432) tumble and convey the material upwards along the inner wall of the shell 1; the ball head 433 slides tightly against the inner wall of the shell 1, ensuring smooth operation. After reaching the top, the material enters the separator cylinder 42 through the top inlet 45, and the auger shaft 41 then conveys the material downwards and presses it forcefully against the conical base 5.

[0032] During this process, the height of the conical base 5 is finely adjusted by the hydraulic cylinder 82 according to the ideal humidity required for fermentation, thereby changing the gap between the spherical top 54 and the bottom outlet 46 of the separator cylinder 42. A smaller gap increases the extrusion pressure, squeezing out excess water from the material, which flows along the conical surface into the drain hole 51, enters the annular shell of the water receiving part 52, and is finally discharged through the retractable drainage pipe 53. The dehydrated material slides outwards due to the guiding effect of the arc surface of the spherical top 54, re-entering the outer ring of the shell 1 to participate in the next cycle.

[0033] To achieve true automated closed-loop control, this device is also equipped with a PLC control cabinet (not shown in the figure). A humidity sensor and a pressure sensor are embedded in the lower middle part of the inner wall of housing 1.

[0034] The automatic water control logic is as follows: During fermentation, a humidity sensor monitors the moisture content of the material in real time and feeds it back to the PLC control cabinet. When the moisture content is higher than the preset fermentation threshold (e.g., 60%), the PLC control cabinet controls the hydraulic cylinder 82 to extend slightly upwards, reducing the distance between the spherical top 54 and the bottom outlet 46 of the separator cylinder 42, increasing the extrusion pressure on the material to remove moisture. When the moisture content drops to the ideal range (e.g., 45%-55%), the hydraulic cylinder 82 maintains its position or slightly retracts. Simultaneously, a torque sensor is installed on the drive motor 3. When the extrusion gap is too small, causing torque overload, the system automatically controls the hydraulic cylinder to descend and release pressure to prevent equipment damage.

[0035] Unloading process: After fermentation, the hydraulic cylinder 82 retracts significantly, and the conical base 5 descends smoothly along the trajectory of the guide rod 83 and the guide sleeve 84, detaching from the bottom of the shell 1. The unsupported finished fermented material slides naturally and quickly down the inclined surface of the conical base 5 into the material bin 6 below, achieving unloading without dead angles.

[0036] The descriptions of the orientation and relative positional relationships of the structures in this invention, such as front, back, left, right, up, and down, do not constitute a limitation of this invention, but are merely for the convenience of description.

Claims

1. A self-controlled composting fermentation system device, characterized in that, It includes a cylindrical shell (1), a cover plate (2) is installed on the upper end of the shell (1), a drive motor (3) is installed on the cover plate (2), and the output end of the drive motor (3) is connected to a stirring mechanism (4) located inside the shell (1). The stirring mechanism (4) includes an auger shaft (41), a partition cylinder (42) is coaxially fixed to the outside of the auger shaft (41), an internal spiral blade is provided between the auger shaft (41) and the inner wall of the partition cylinder (42), and an external stirring blade (43) arranged in a spiral pattern is connected to the outside of the partition cylinder (42), and the internal spiral blade and the external stirring blade (43) are arranged in opposite directions. The lower end of the housing (1) is fitted with a liftable conical base (5). A spherical dome (54) is provided at the center of the upper surface of the conical base (5). The spherical dome (54) is arranged directly opposite the bottom outlet (46) of the upper partition cylinder (42). A drain hole (51) is provided on the upper surface of the conical base (5) near the inner wall of the housing (1). The housing (1) is externally connected to a downwardly extending support frame (7), and a lifting mechanism (8) is installed on the support frame (7). The output end of the lifting mechanism (8) is connected to the lower end of the conical base (5) to drive the conical base (5) to lift. In the fermentation and dehydration state, the conical base (5) rises to seal the lower end of the shell (1). The material is conveyed upward by the external stirring blades (43) and enters the separator (42) from the top inlet (45). The auger shaft (41) conveys the material downward and presses it against the conical base (5) and the spherical top (54). The distance between the conical base (5) and the lower end of the separator (42) is adjusted by the lifting mechanism (8) to change the dehydration force on the material. The squeezed water is discharged through the drain hole (51). The squeezed material re-enters between the separator (42) and the inner wall of the shell (1), realizing dynamic fermentation of material circulation inside and outside and real-time control of moisture content.

2. The self-controlled composting fermentation system device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower end of the drain hole (51) is connected to a water receiving part (52), which is located inside or at the lower end of the conical base (5). The lower end of the water receiving part (52) is connected to a drainage pipe (53) leading out to the outside. The drainage pipe (53) is arranged as a telescopic pipe.

3. The self-controlled composting fermentation system device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The water receiving part (52) includes an annular shell connected to the lower end face of the conical base (5), the annular shell is arranged opposite the drain hole (51), the bottom surface of the annular shell is arc-shaped or inclined, and the drain pipe (53) is connected to the bottom surface of the annular shell.

4. The self-controlled composting fermentation system device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The side wall of the separator (42) is provided with a spirally arranged material port (44). When the liquid level of the material in the shell (1) is lower than the top inlet (45) of the separator (42), the material can enter the separator (42) through the material port (44) to participate in the circulation.

5. The self-controlled composting fermentation system device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lifting mechanism (8) includes a lifting platform (81) fixed to the upper end of the support frame (7), and a hydraulic cylinder (82) is installed on the lifting platform (81). The output end of the hydraulic cylinder (82) extends upward and is fixedly connected to the bottom of the conical base (5).

6. The self-controlled composting fermentation system device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The spherical top (54) is located on the lower end of the inner part of the conical base (5) and is arranged in a plane. The output end of the hydraulic cylinder (82) is connected to the lower end of the spherical top (54). Several connecting platforms (55) are provided on the lower surface of the conical base (5). Guide rods (83) are respectively installed on the connecting platforms. The lifting platform (81) is provided with a slidingly connected guide sleeve (84) corresponding to the guide rods (83).

7. The self-controlled composting fermentation system device according to claim 6, characterized in that, An oil receiving container (9) is provided on the support frame (7) directly below the hydraulic cylinder (82) to collect hydraulic oil that may leak from the hydraulic cylinder (82).

8. The self-controlled composting fermentation system device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A material bin (6) is provided below the conical base (5); in the unloading state, the lifting mechanism (8) drives the conical base (5) to descend and separate from the lower end of the shell (1), and the material in the shell (1) slides down along the conical surface of the conical base (5) into the material bin (6) at the lower end.

9. The self-controlled composting fermentation system device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The external stirring blade (43) includes a stirring column (431) connected to the outer wall of the partition cylinder (42). A stirring plate (432) for increasing the stirring area is connected to the stirring column (431). A ball head (433) is provided at the end of the stirring column (431) away from the partition cylinder (42). The ball head (433) is used to abut against the inner wall of the housing (1) to improve the rotational stability of the stirring mechanism (4).

Images