Quantitative evaluation method and device for sand-carrying degree of reservoir based on visualized model

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of reservoir sand-carrying degree quantitative evaluation method and device based on visual model, device includes injection mechanism, model mechanism, acquisition mechanism and data processing mechanism;Injection mechanism includes high-pressure displacement pump and intermediate container, intermediate container is communicated with model mechanism;Acquisition mechanism includes high-power camera, metering device, pressure measuring device and constant temperature device;Model mechanism is placed in constant temperature device;Data processing mechanism is electrically connected with high-power camera, pressure measuring device and metering device;Method includes: building quantitative evaluation device;Develop water drive benchmark experiment and collect image;Develop multi-working-condition displacement experiment and collect image;Extract sand-carrying area under different PV amount;Sand-carrying degree growth index and sand-carrying degree index are constructed;Based on the comparison of two kinds of indexes, the correlation between displacement parameters and sand-carrying degree is established.The application realizes the accurate quantification and comparison of reservoir sand-carrying degree under different displacement conditions, and quantifies the sand-carrying characteristics of the reservoir from different dimensions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of oil and gas field development experimental technology, specifically relating to a method and device for quantitative evaluation of reservoir sand-carrying capacity based on a visualization model. Background Technology

[0002] Polymer flooding is a key technology for improving oilfield recovery. However, the soft colloidal particles formed by the interaction of polymers with reservoir minerals easily carry sand particles, causing sand-carrying channels within the reservoir and near-wellbore blockage in production wells, leading to sand production and reduced productivity. Currently, reservoir sand production assessments mostly rely on the macroscopic weighing of sand production from core displacement experiments. This makes it difficult to visually represent the sand particle migration trajectory and sand-carrying channel morphology within the reservoir during the injected fluid process. Furthermore, there is a lack of refined quantitative indicators for the degree of sand carrying, making it impossible to accurately correlate injection parameters with reservoir sand carrying. Consequently, the guiding role of experimental data in field sand production control strategies is limited.

[0003] Visualized displacement models provide an effective means for studying reservoir micro-permeability and sand production. However, existing models and supporting methods mainly focus on qualitative observation of sand production phenomena and lack quantitative calculation methods for key indicators such as sand-carrying channel morphology and sand-carrying area. They cannot establish a precise correlation between displacement parameters and reservoir sand-carrying degree, and are difficult to meet the needs of research on sand production mechanism and optimization of control schemes in chemical flooding reservoirs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention addresses the problem that existing technologies lack intuitiveness and accuracy in reservoir sand-carrying evaluation, and cannot accurately quantify the degree of sand carrying within the reservoir after sand migration. Its purpose is to provide a method and apparatus for quantitatively evaluating the degree of sand carrying in reservoirs based on a visualization model.

[0005] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution: A device for quantitatively evaluating the sand-carrying capacity of chemical flooding reservoirs based on a visualization model includes an injection mechanism, a model mechanism (4), a data acquisition mechanism, and a data processing mechanism. The injection mechanism includes a high-pressure displacement pump (1) and an intermediate container (2). The high-pressure displacement pump (1) and the intermediate container (2) are connected by a visible hose, and valve I (3) is installed on the visible hose between them. The intermediate container (2) is connected to the model mechanism (4) by a visible hose, and valve II (5) and valve III (6) are installed on the visible hose between them. The intermediate container (2) stores a displacement medium. The displacement medium is simulated formation water or polymer solutions of different viscosities. The high-pressure displacement pump (1) can inject the displacement medium in the intermediate container (2) into the model mechanism (4) at a preset speed. The model mechanism (4) includes a visualization cavity and sand filling the visualization cavity; the inner dimensions of the visualization cavity are 10cm long, 7cm wide and 2.5cm thick; the sand completely fills the inner cavity of the visualization cavity, and the sand is a mixture of quartz sand and clay minerals according to the target reservoir mineral ratio; The data acquisition mechanism includes a high-magnification camera (7), a metering device (8), a pressure measuring device, and a temperature control device; The high-magnification camera (7) is positioned directly in front of the visible surface of the model mechanism (4) and is used to collect images of the sand particle movement and pore structure evolution inside the model mechanism (4) under different injection PV amounts, as well as the amount of sand produced by the model. The metering device (8) is connected to the outlet of the model mechanism (4) through a visible hose, and a valve (9) of type IV is installed on the visible hose between the two; the metering device (8) can be a measuring cylinder; the metering device (8) is used to meter the liquid produced at the outlet of the model mechanism (4); The pressure measuring device includes pressure gauges respectively installed at the inlet and outlet of the model mechanism (4) for monitoring the inlet pressure and outlet pressure of the model mechanism (4) during the displacement process; The constant temperature device is used to maintain the model mechanism (4) at the target reservoir temperature. The constant temperature device can be a constant temperature box. The model mechanism (4), the metering device (8) and the visible hose between them are all placed inside the constant temperature device. The data processing mechanism (10) is electrically connected to the high-magnification camera (7), the pressure measuring device and the metering device (8); the data processing mechanism has a built-in image analysis module and a data fitting module to calculate the size of the sand-carrying channel and the sand-carrying area, and calculates the reservoir sand-carrying degree characterization index based on the preset formula.

[0006] A quantitative evaluation method for reservoir proppant-carrying capacity based on a visualization model includes the following steps: S1. Model building and process connection, specifically including the following steps: S11. Constructing the model mechanism: According to the mineral composition of the target oilfield reservoir, a mixture of quartz sand and clay minerals is prepared as filler sand. The filler sand is then filled into the visualization cavity, and the visualization cavity is sealed with glue to ensure airtightness, thus obtaining a complete model structure (4). S12. Complete the connection between the injection mechanism, model mechanism (4), acquisition mechanism and data processing mechanism, check the sealing and signal connectivity of each component, and complete the construction of a quantitative evaluation device for the sand-carrying degree of chemical flooding reservoir based on a visualization model. S2, Water Drive Baseline Test, specifically includes the following steps: S21. Simulated formation water is injected into the model mechanism (4) by the high-pressure displacement pump (1) according to the preset injection speed of the experimental scheme. A water drive benchmark experiment is carried out, and the inlet and outlet pressures of the model mechanism (4) are monitored in real time and the permeability changes are recorded. The permeability change is characterized by the change in inlet pressure of the model mechanism (4). The model permeability and its change can be calculated by substituting the pressure test results into the Darcy formula. S22. Determine the pore volume of the sand filling, collect the initial distribution image of sand particles inside the model mechanism (4) when there is no sand carrying (0PV), and calculate the reservoir reference sand carrying area S0 in the initial state using image analysis software (when there is no sand carrying in 0PV, S0 is the total area of ​​the sand filling area of ​​the model mechanism (4) or the initial pore connectivity area). S23. Use a high-magnification camera (7) to capture images inside the model mechanism (4) every 0.1 PV, and collect the sand produced at the outlet of the model mechanism (4) and weigh it after drying. S24. After the outlet of the displacement mechanism (4) is free of sand particles and the injection pressure is stable, polymer is injected. S3. Multi-condition displacement experiment and image acquisition, specifically including the following steps: The following experiments were conducted in sequence: polymer flooding with different viscosities after water flooding (the viscosity of the injected polymer can be adjusted according to the experimental plan), polymer flooding with different injection speeds after water flooding (the injection speed can be adjusted according to the experimental plan), and polymer flooding followed by water flooding. During the displacement process, an image of the inside of the model mechanism (4) was collected every 0.1 PV, and the displacement pressure and the amount of sand produced were recorded simultaneously. The experiment was stopped when the displacement reached the point where no sand particles flowed out of the outlet of the model mechanism (4) and at least 20 PV was reached. The preset injection speed can be adjusted according to the experimental plan; the viscosity of the polymer solution can be adjusted according to the experimental plan.

[0007] S4. Extraction of sand-carrying area under different PV levels, specifically including the following steps: S41. Import the model images collected in step S3 under different PV values ​​(2PV, 4PV, 6PV...) into the data processing system, mark and extract the sand-carrying area inside the model mechanism (4) through image processing, and calculate the sand-carrying area and area growth rate of different displacement stages based on the 0PV image. S42. Calculate the actual sand-carrying area S under the corresponding PV quantity. n (n is the amount of injected PV); S43. By combining sand production data and permeability change data, quantitative indicators of reservoir sand carrying capacity under different displacement conditions are obtained. The method for calculating the sand-carrying area is as follows: ImageJ image analysis software, image pixel statistics, or a 1mm × 1mm manual grid method are used to extract the sand-carrying area, ensuring a quantization accuracy of ≤0.1mm. 2 Finally, the actual sand-carrying area is calculated. S5. Quantitative calculation of reservoir sand-carrying capacity: A reservoir proppant-carrying capacity characterization index E is constructed, and two calculation formulas for the reservoir proppant-carrying capacity characterization index are designed to achieve proppant-carrying capacity characterization in different dimensions. The specific steps include: S51, Sand-carrying Degree Growth Index : Characterizes the growth rate of the sand-carrying area relative to the baseline area under different PV levels. Sand-carrying growth index The calculation formula is: In the formula: The sand-carrying degree growth index is %, dimensionless; The sand-carrying area or pore connectivity area within the model mechanism is measured in cm² (nPV). 2 ; The sand-carrying area or pore connectivity area under the PV value (n-1) within the model mechanism is expressed in cm². 2 ; S52, Sand-carrying index The sand-carrying index is a ratio of the sand-carrying area to the baseline area under different PV levels. The formula for calculating the sand-carrying index is: In the formula: The sand-carrying capacity index is expressed as a percentage, dimensionless. The sand-carrying area or pore connectivity area within the model mechanism is measured in cm² (nPV). 2 ; The total area of ​​the sand-filled region or the initial pore connectivity area inside the model mechanism, in cm². 2 ; when When taking the total area of ​​the sand-filled area inside the model mechanism, and Characterizing the proportion of the overall reservoir's propagating range; when When taking the initial pore connectivity area, and Characterizes the degree of sand-carrying expansion of pore channels.

[0008] S6. Comparative analysis of sand-carrying capacity under multiple working conditions: Based on the sand-carrying growth index Sand-carrying index By comparing the differences in reservoir proppant carrying capacity under different displacement media (water drive / water drive followed by polymer drive / polymer drive followed by water drive), different injection rates, and different polymer viscosities, the correlation between displacement parameters and proppant carrying capacity was established.

[0009] The beneficial effects of this invention are: This invention provides a method and apparatus for quantitative evaluation of reservoir sand-carrying capacity based on a visualization model. By constructing a dedicated characterization index and calculation formula, it achieves accurate quantification and comparison of reservoir sand-carrying capacity under different displacement conditions, thereby solving the problem of lack of intuitiveness and accuracy in reservoir sand-carrying capacity evaluation in existing technologies. It is applicable to indoor simulation and quantitative analysis of reservoir particle migration and sand-carrying patterns under development modes such as water flooding and chemical flooding in oilfields. Attached Figure Description

[0010] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the reservoir sand-carrying degree quantitative evaluation device based on a visualization model according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is an internal diagram of the OPV model in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 These are internal diagrams and sand-carrying shape diagrams of the water-drive 2PV model in Embodiment 1 of the present invention (a is; b is). Figure 4 These are internal diagrams and sand-carrying shape diagrams of the water-drive 4PV model in Embodiment 1 of the present invention (a is; b is). Figure 5 These are internal diagrams and sand-carrying shape diagrams of the water-drive 6PV model in Embodiment 1 of the present invention (a is; b is). Figure 6 This is a sand-carrying diagram and sand-carrying area of ​​the polymer-driven 2PV model in Embodiment 1 of the present invention (a is; b is). Figure 7 This is a sand-carrying diagram and sand-carrying area of ​​the polymer-driven 4PV model in Embodiment 1 of the present invention (a is; b is). Figure 8 This is a diagram showing the sand-carrying area and sand-carrying area of ​​the polymer-driven 6PV model in Embodiment 1 of the present invention (a is; b is). in: 1. High-pressure displacement pump; 2. Intermediate container; 3. Valve I; 4. Model mechanism; 5. Valve II; 6. Valve III; 7. High-magnification camera; 8. Metering device; 9. Valve IV; 10. Data processing mechanism.

[0011] For those skilled in the art, other related figures can be obtained from the above figures without any creative effort. Detailed Implementation

[0012] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Example 1

[0013] like Figure 1As shown, a device for quantitatively evaluating the sand-carrying capacity of chemical flooding reservoirs based on a visualization model includes an injection mechanism, a model mechanism 4, a data acquisition mechanism, and a data processing mechanism. The injection mechanism includes a high-pressure displacement pump 1 and an intermediate container 2, which are connected by a visible hose. A valve 3 is installed on the visible hose between the two. The intermediate container 2 is connected to the model mechanism 4 via a visible hose, and valves 5 and 6 are installed on the visible hose between the two. The intermediate container 2 stores a displacement medium, which is simulated formation water or a polymer solution of different viscosities. The high-pressure displacement pump 1 can inject the displacement medium in the intermediate container 2 into the model mechanism 4 at a preset speed. The model mechanism 4 includes a visualization cavity and sand filling the visualization cavity; the inner dimensions of the visualization cavity are 10cm long, 7cm wide and 2.5cm thick, and the sand filling is a mixture of quartz sand and clay minerals according to the target reservoir mineral ratio. The data acquisition mechanism includes a high-magnification camera 7, a measuring device 8, a pressure measuring device, and a temperature control device; The high-magnification camera 7 is positioned directly in front of the visible surface of the model mechanism 4, and is used to collect images of the sand particle movement and pore structure evolution inside the model mechanism 4 under different injection PV amounts, as well as the amount of sand produced by the model. The metering device 8 is connected to the outlet of the model mechanism 4 via a visible hose, and valve 9 of type IV is installed on the visible hose between the two; the metering device 8 can be a measuring cylinder. The pressure measuring device includes pressure gauges respectively installed at the inlet and outlet of the model mechanism 4, used to monitor the inlet pressure and outlet pressure of the model mechanism 4 during the displacement process; The constant temperature device is used to maintain the model mechanism 4 at the target reservoir temperature. The constant temperature device can be a constant temperature chamber. The model mechanism 4, the metering device 8 and the visible hose between them are all placed inside the constant temperature device. The data processing mechanism 10 is electrically connected to the high-magnification camera 7, the pressure measuring device, and the metering device 8. The data processing mechanism has a built-in image analysis module and a data fitting module to calculate the size of the sand-carrying channel and the sand-carrying area, and to calculate the reservoir sand-carrying degree characterization index based on a preset formula. Example 2

[0014] A quantitative evaluation method for reservoir proppant-carrying capacity based on a visualization model includes the following steps: S1. Model building and process connection: According to the target oilfield reservoir mineral ratio, 45g of quartz sand and 5g of clay mineral were mixed and filled into the visualization cavity. After sealing, the displacement process was connected, and the pore volume was measured to be 18mL using simulated formation water.

[0015] S2, Water Drive Baseline Test, specifically includes the following steps: The high-pressure displacement pump was started, and the injection rate was set to 0.86 mL / min to inject simulated formation water into the model mechanism. An image of the model mechanism's interior was captured every 0.1 PV using a high-magnification camera, and the inlet and outlet pressures were recorded simultaneously. The experiment was stopped after displacement reached 20 PV. Sand particles were collected from the sand collection pipe, dried, and weighed. The water-driven sand yield was 0.255 g, representing 0.56% of the total sand. The calculated sand-carrying area at 6 PV was 141.02 mm². 2 The sand-carrying channels are narrow strips, mainly distributed near the entrance of the model mechanism.

[0016] S3. Multi-condition displacement experiment and image acquisition, specifically including the following steps: Switch to a polymer solution with a viscosity of 10 mPa·s and continue displacement at a rate of 0.86 mL / min; simultaneously perform image acquisition, pressure monitoring, and sand collection operations; after displacement reaches 20 PV, switch to water displacement until the pressure stabilizes. The experiment showed that the amount of sand produced during the polymer flooding stage was 0.635g, accounting for 1.4% of the total sand production. The sand-carrying area at 6PV is 236.80mm². 2 The sand-carrying channels are distributed in a network and have extended to the central area of ​​the model.

[0017] S4. Extraction of sand-carrying area under different PV levels, specifically including the following steps: Data on sand-carrying area, sand output ratio, and permeability under different PV levels were imported into the data processing system. Data analysis showed that under polymer flooding conditions, the sand-carrying area growth rate was 121.31% higher than that of water flooding with an injection PV of 4PV, and the sand output ratio increased by 150%. Moreover, the higher the polymer viscosity and the greater the injection speed, the more significant the sand-carrying effect. Example 3

[0018] A quantitative evaluation method for reservoir proppant-carrying capacity based on a visualization model includes the following steps: S1. Model building and process connection: According to the target oilfield reservoir mineral ratio, 45g of quartz sand and 5g of clay mineral were mixed and filled into the visualization cavity. After sealing, the displacement process was connected, and the pore volume was measured to be 18mL using simulated formation water.

[0019] S2, Water Drive Baseline Test, specifically includes the following steps: The high-pressure displacement pump was started, and the injection rate was set to 0.86 mL / min to inject simulated formation water into the model mechanism. An image of the model mechanism's interior was captured every 0.1 PV using a high-magnification camera, and the inlet and outlet pressures were recorded simultaneously. The experiment was stopped after displacement reached 20 PV. Sand particles were collected from the sand collection pipe, dried, and weighed. The water-driven sand yield was 0.255 g, representing 0.56% of the total sand. The calculated sand-carrying area at 6 PV was 141.02 mm². 2 The sand-carrying channels are narrow strips, mainly distributed near the entrance of the model mechanism.

[0020] Start the high-pressure displacement pump, set the injection rate to 0.86 mL / min, and inject simulated formation water into the model mechanism to conduct a water drive benchmark experiment. Collect images of the model mechanism at 2 PV, 4 PV, and 6 PV respectively. Image analysis showed that the actual sand-carrying area S6 at 6PV was 141.02 mm². 2 At 5PV, the actual sand-carrying area of ​​the water-drive system is S4 = 104.23 mm. 2 ; Substitute into the formula to calculate the sand-carrying degree index: If S0 is taken as the total area of ​​the sand-filled area of ​​7000 mm² 2 Therefore, E1 = (141.02 - 104.23) / 104.23 * 100% = 35.29%, E2 = 141.02 / 7000 = 2.01%.

[0021] S3. Multi-condition displacement experiment and image acquisition, specifically including the following steps: Switch to a 10 mPa·s polymer solution and continue displacement at a rate of 0.86 mL / min; acquire images at 6 PV and calculate S6 = 236.80 mm. 2 If S0 is stable during water drive (6PV), the displacement area is 141.02 mm². 2 Therefore, E1 = (236.80 - 141.02) / 141.02 * 100% = 67.92%, and E2 = 236.80 / 7000 * 100% = 3.38%. By comparison, it can be seen that E2 at 6PV of polymer flooding is 67.92% higher than that of water flooding, indicating that polymer flooding has a significantly higher degree of sand-carrying expansion of reservoir pore channels than water flooding.

[0022] In terms of the device, this invention integrates displacement experiments, image acquisition, and data calculation through a visualized sand-filling model, a displacement system, an acquisition system, and a data processing system. In terms of the method, by defining the sand-carrying growth index and the sand-carrying degree index, it quantifies the sand-carrying characteristics of the reservoir from different dimensions, filling the index gap in this field in the industry. It realizes the visualized tracking and quantitative evaluation of the sand-carrying process of the reservoir, and provides accurate experimental basis for the formulation of sand production control schemes for chemical flooding reservoirs.

[0023] The applicant declares that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art should understand that any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention fall within the protection and disclosure scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method and apparatus for quantitatively evaluating reservoir proppant-carrying capacity based on a visualization model, characterized in that: The system includes an injection mechanism, a model mechanism (4), an acquisition mechanism, and a data processing mechanism. The injection mechanism includes a high-pressure displacement pump (1) and an intermediate container (2) connected by a visible hose. The intermediate container (2) is connected to the model mechanism (4) by the visible hose. The acquisition mechanism includes a high-magnification camera (7), a metering device (8), a pressure measuring device, and a temperature control device. The high-magnification camera (7) faces the visible surface of the model mechanism (4). The metering device (8) is connected to the outlet of the model mechanism (4) by the visible hose. The pressure measuring device includes pressure gauges respectively installed at the inlet and outlet of the model mechanism (4). The model mechanism (4), the metering device (8), and the visible hose between them are all placed inside the temperature control device. The data processing mechanism (10) is electrically connected to the high-magnification camera (7), the pressure measuring device, and the metering device (8).

2. The quantitative evaluation device for reservoir proppant-carrying capacity based on a visualization model according to claim 1, characterized in that: Valve I (3) is installed on the visible hose between the high-pressure displacement pump (1) and the intermediate container (2); valves II (5) and III (6) are installed on the visible hose between the intermediate container (2) and the model mechanism (4); valve IV (9) is installed on the visible hose between the metering device (8) and the model mechanism (4).

3. The quantitative evaluation device for reservoir proppant-carrying capacity based on a visualization model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The model mechanism (4) includes a visualization cavity and sand filling the visualization cavity.

4. A method for quantitatively evaluating reservoir proppant-carrying capacity based on a visualization model using the apparatus described in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. Build a quantitative evaluation device for reservoir sand-carrying capacity based on a visualization model; S2. Conduct water-drive benchmark experiments and collect images of the internal structure of the model. S3. Conduct multi-condition displacement experiments and acquire images; S4. Extract the sand-carrying area under different PV values; S5. Construct and calculate the sand-carrying growth index and the sand-carrying degree index; S6. Based on the sand-carrying growth index and the sand-carrying degree index, compare the differences in reservoir sand-carrying degree under different displacement media, different injection rates, and different polymer viscosities, and establish the correlation between displacement parameters and sand-carrying degree.

5. The method for quantitative evaluation of reservoir proppant-carrying capacity based on a visualization model according to claim 4, characterized in that: Step S1 specifically includes the following steps: S11. Based on the mineral composition of the target oilfield reservoir, prepare a filler sand mixture of quartz sand and clay minerals, fill the filler sand into the visualization cavity, seal the visualization cavity with glue, and obtain the model structure. S12. Connect the injection mechanism, model mechanism, acquisition mechanism and data processing mechanism to complete the construction of a quantitative evaluation device for the sand-carrying degree of chemical flooding reservoir based on a visualization model.

6. The method for quantitative evaluation of reservoir proppant-carrying capacity based on a visualization model according to claim 4, characterized in that: Step S2 specifically includes the following steps: S21. Simulated formation water is injected into the model mechanism by a high-pressure displacement pump at the preset injection rate of the experimental scheme to carry out a water drive benchmark experiment. The inlet and outlet pressures of the model mechanism are monitored in real time and the permeability changes are recorded. S22. Measure the pore volume of the sand filling, collect the initial distribution image of sand particles inside the model mechanism when there is no sand carrying, and calculate the reservoir reference sand carrying area under the initial state using image analysis software. S23. Use a high-magnification camera to capture images of the inside of the model mechanism every 0.1 PV, and collect the sand produced at the outlet of the model mechanism and weigh it after drying. S24. The experiment ends when no sand particles flow out of the outlet of the displacement mechanism and the injection pressure is stable.

7. The method for quantitative evaluation of reservoir proppant-carrying capacity based on a visualization model according to claim 4, characterized in that: Step S3 specifically includes the following steps: Experiments were carried out sequentially, including water-flooding followed by polymer flooding of different viscosities, polymer flooding at different injection rates, and polymer flooding followed by water flooding. During the displacement process, images of the model mechanism were collected every 0.1 PV, and the displacement pressure and sand production were recorded simultaneously. The experiment was stopped when no sand particles flowed out of the model mechanism outlet and the displacement reached at least 20 PV.

8. The method for quantitative evaluation of reservoir proppant-carrying capacity based on a visualization model according to claim 4, characterized in that: Step S4 specifically includes the following steps: S41. Import the model images collected in step S3 under different PV values ​​into the data processing system. Mark and extract the sand-carrying area inside the model mechanism through image processing. At the same time, based on the 0PV image, calculate the sand-carrying area and area growth rate at different displacement stages. S42. Calculate the actual sand-carrying area S under the corresponding PV quantity. n n is the amount of PV injected; S43. By combining sand production data and permeability change data, quantitative indicators of reservoir sand carrying capacity under different displacement conditions are obtained.

9. The method for quantitative evaluation of reservoir proppant-carrying capacity based on a visualization model according to claim 4, characterized in that: Step S5 specifically includes the following steps: S51. Calculate the sand-carrying degree growth index. : The sand-carrying degree growth index The calculation formula is: In the formula: The sand-carrying degree growth index is %, dimensionless; The sand-carrying area or pore connectivity area within the model mechanism is measured in cm² (nPV). 2 ; The sand-carrying area or pore connectivity area under the PV value (n-1) within the model mechanism is expressed in cm². 2 ; S52. Calculate the sand-carrying index : The formula for calculating the sand-carrying capacity index is as follows: In the formula: The sand-carrying capacity index is expressed as a percentage, dimensionless. The sand-carrying area or pore connectivity area within the model mechanism is measured in cm² (nPV). 2 ; The total area of ​​the sand-filled region or the initial pore connectivity area inside the model mechanism, in cm². 2 .

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