A multi-stage cooperative self-adaptive yielding tunnel supporting device

Abstract

This invention relates to a multi-stage cooperative adaptive pressure-yielding tunnel support device, comprising an arch support and multiple pressure-yielding anchors. The arch support is formed by hinged multiple arc-shaped arch units. Each pressure-yielding anchor includes a rod body with a multi-stage pressure-yielding assembly and a tray mounted on it. The multi-stage pressure-yielding assembly includes a cylinder, a piston, and a piston rod. A pressure relief valve is installed in the cylinder. A linkage transmission rod is fixedly connected to and arranged parallel to the piston rod on one side. The piston rod has inclined teeth, and a locking wedge is located on one side of the inclined teeth. The locking wedge is connected to a cam. The linkage transmission rod has transmission teeth, and the cam is connected to a transmission gear arranged coaxially with it. When the piston rod moves to a certain position, the transmission teeth can mesh with the transmission gear. This invention can adjust and switch between a first-stage flexible support state, a second-stage rigid support state, and a third-stage extremely rigid support state according to the deformation of the surrounding rock, achieving optimal matching between the support strategy and the surrounding rock condition.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of underground engineering support technology, specifically to a multi-level collaborative adaptive pressure relief tunnel support device. Background Technology

[0002] In the construction of mine, railway, and highway tunnels, when traversing high-stress zones or weak and fractured rock masses, the surrounding rock will undergo significant convergent deformation. Traditional rigid support systems (such as thick concrete linings and high-rigidity steel arches) are unable to adapt to the deformation release of the surrounding rock, and often suffer brittle failure due to stress concentration, leading to support failure and safety accidents.

[0003] Currently, the concept of yielding support has gained widespread acceptance, which absorbs the deformation energy of surrounding rock by setting yielding devices (such as friction-type constant-resistance anchors and yielding arch joints). However, the resistance-displacement curves of existing support structures are mostly monotonically increasing or sharply decreasing after constant resistance, failing to achieve the ideal nonlinear support characteristic curve of "sufficient yielding to release energy in the early stage and strong support to control deformation in the later stage." In addition, most yielding structures experience structural failure after reaching the design deformation amount, lacking a final safety margin to cope with sudden stress concentrations and lacking an early warning mechanism for engineering accidents. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the above problems, this invention proposes a multi-level cooperative adaptive pressure-yielding tunnel support device, the specific technical solution of which is as follows: A multi-stage cooperative adaptive pressure-yielding tunnel support device includes an arch support and multiple pressure-yielding anchors. The arch support is composed of multiple arched arch units hinged together, and the pressure-yielding anchors are installed one-to-one at the hinge points of the arched arch units. Each pressure-yielding anchor includes a rod body, on which a multi-stage pressure-yielding assembly and a tray are installed. The multi-stage pressure-yielding assembly divides the rod body into two segments, and the tray is located on the segment facing the anchor insertion end of the multi-stage pressure-yielding assembly. The multi-stage pressure-yielding assembly includes a cylinder, a piston, and a piston rod. A pressure relief valve is installed inside the cylinder, and a linkage transmission is fixedly connected to and arranged parallel to the piston rod on one side. The piston rod has a chamfered tooth, and a locking wedge is located on one side of the chamfered tooth. The locking wedge is connected to a cam. The linkage transmission rod has a transmission tooth, and the cam is connected to a transmission gear arranged coaxially with it. When the piston rod moves to a certain position, the transmission tooth can mesh with the transmission gear. When the multi-stage pressure relief assembly is compressed, in the first stage, the pressure relief valve opens; in the second stage, the transmission tooth meshes with the transmission gear, driving the cam to rotate so that the locking wedge meshes with the chamfered tooth, and the pressure relief valve closes; in the third stage, the locking wedge makes a slight slip along the chamfered tooth, and the piston rod obtains the final displacement reserve.

[0005] Furthermore, a fluid cavity is formed between the piston and the cylinder, and a non-Newtonian fluid is placed in the fluid cavity.

[0006] Furthermore, the pressure relief valve is a controllable pressure relief valve.

[0007] Furthermore, the cam is connected to the transmission gear via a connecting rod.

[0008] Furthermore, the multi-stage pressure relief assembly also includes a housing that has a sliding seal with two rod segments located thereon, the rods being rotatably mounted within the housing.

[0009] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The multi-stage pressure relief component can be adjusted and switched between the first stage of flexible support, the second stage of rigid support, and the third stage of extremely rigid support according to the deformation of the surrounding rock, so as to achieve the best match between the support strategy and the surrounding rock condition. Attached Figure Description

[0010] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0011] Figure 1 This is an overall structural diagram of the multi-level cooperative adaptive pressure relief tunnel support device described in this invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the multi-stage pressure relief assembly described in this invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the linkage transmission rod and the cam described in this invention.

[0012] In the diagram: 1. Surrounding rock layer; 2. Pressure relief anchor bolt; 2.1. Rod body; 2.2. Tray; 2.3. Multi-stage pressure relief assembly; 2.31. Fluid cavity; 2.32. Pressure relief valve; 2.33. Piston; 2.34. Cylinder body; 2.35. Inclined teeth; 2.36. Piston rod; 2.37. Cam; 2.38. Locking wedge; 2.39. Linkage transmission rod; 3. Arch support; 3.1. Arc-shaped arch unit; 3.2. Hydraulic cavity connector. Detailed Implementation

[0013] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0014] The present invention provides the following specific implementation schemes: like Figure 1-3 As shown, this invention provides a multi-stage cooperative adaptive pressure-yielding tunnel support device, including an arch support 3 and multiple pressure-yielding anchor rods 2; the arch support 3 is formed by hinged multiple arc-shaped arch units 3.1, and the pressure-yielding anchor rods 2 are installed one-to-one at the hinge points of the arc-shaped arch units 3.1; the pressure-yielding anchor rod 2 includes a rod body 2.1, on which a multi-stage pressure-yielding assembly 2.3 and a tray 2.2 are installed. The tray 2.2 is located on the rod segment facing the anchor rod insertion end of the multi-stage pressure-yielding assembly 2.3. The multi-stage pressure-yielding assembly 2.3 divides the rod body 2.1 into two segments, and the rod body 2.1 can extend and retract within a small range through the multi-stage pressure-yielding assembly 2.3; the multi-stage pressure-yielding assembly 2.3 includes a cylinder 2. 2.34, piston 2.33, piston rod 2.36, cylinder 2.34 and piston rod 2.36 are respectively connected to their corresponding rod segments. Cylinder 2.34 is equipped with a pressure relief valve 2.32. One side of piston rod 2.36 is provided with a linkage transmission rod 2.39 that is fixedly connected to it and arranged in parallel. Piston rod 2.36 is provided with a chamfer tooth 2.35. One side of chamfer tooth 2.35 is provided with a locking wedge 2.38. Locking wedge 2.38 is connected to a cam 2.37. Linkage transmission rod 2.39 is provided with a transmission tooth. Cam 2.37 is connected to a transmission gear arranged on the same axis. When piston rod 2.36 moves to a certain position, the transmission tooth can mesh with the transmission gear.

[0015] When the deformation of the surrounding rock layer 1 causes the multi-stage pressure relief component 2.3 to be compressed, the changes in the multi-stage pressure relief component 2.3 can be divided into three stages: In the first stage (flexible stage), the anchor rod 2 is compressed, and the piston rod 2.36 releases the force and pushes the piston 2.33 to compress the non-Newtonian fluid in the cylinder 2.34, which is then discharged through the pressure relief valve 2.32. During this stage, the transmission teeth of the linkage transmission rod 2.39 and the transmission gear are not engaged.

[0016] In the second stage (rigid stage), after the piston rod 2.36 reaches a certain stroke, the linkage transmission rod 2.39 is connected to the transmission gear through the transmission teeth, which drives the cam 2.37 to rotate. Then, the cam 2.37 presses the locking wedge 2.38 to mesh with the ramp teeth 2.35, the piston rod 2.36 is locked, and at the same time the pressure relief valve 2.32 closes.

[0017] In the third stage, when the pressure is high enough, the locking wedge 2.38 rotates along the inclined teeth 2.35, producing a slight slippage with a large acceleration (similar to a jerking sensation). The piston rod 2.36 obtains the final displacement reserve, the cylinder 2.34 is under high pressure, and the piston 2.33 rapidly shears the non-Newtonian fluid, greatly increasing the viscosity of the non-Newtonian fluid, making it close to a solid, and providing the maximum resistance for support.

[0018] Furthermore, a fluid cavity 2.31 is formed between the piston 2.33 and the cylinder 2.34, and a non-Newtonian fluid is placed in the fluid cavity 2.31, which can be a high-concentration starch suspension or a silicon dioxide ethylene glycol suspension.

[0019] Furthermore, the pressure relief valve 2.32 is a controllable pressure relief valve 2.32, and the constant resistance of the first stage can be adjusted by adjusting the pressure relief valve 2.32.

[0020] Furthermore, the cam 2.37 is connected to the transmission gear via a connecting rod.

[0021] Furthermore, the multi-stage pressure relief assembly 2.3 also includes a housing (not shown in the figure), which is slidably sealed to two rod segments located thereon. The cylinder 2.34 and piston rod 2.36 are both located inside the housing. The connecting rod is rotatably mounted inside the housing, and the locking wedge 2.38 is slidably mounted inside the housing.

[0022] Furthermore, adjacent arched frame units 3.1 are hinged together by hydraulic cavity connectors 3.2.

[0023] The multi-stage pressure relief component 2.3 can be adjusted and switched between the first stage of flexible support, the second stage of rigid support, and the third stage of extremely rigid support according to the deformation of the surrounding rock, so as to achieve the best match between the support strategy and the surrounding rock condition.

[0024] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed invention.

Claims

1. A multi-level cooperative adaptive pressure relief tunnel support device, characterized in that: It includes an arch support and multiple pressure-relief anchor bolts; the arch support is composed of multiple arched arch units hinged together, and the pressure-relief anchor bolts are installed one-to-one at the hinge points of the arched arch units; the pressure-relief anchor bolt includes a rod body, on which a multi-stage pressure-relief assembly and a tray are installed. The multi-stage pressure-relief assembly divides the rod body into two segments, and the tray is located on the segment facing the anchor bolt insertion end of the multi-stage pressure-relief assembly; the multi-stage pressure-relief assembly includes a cylinder, a piston, and a piston rod. The cylinder body contains a pressure relief valve, and one side of the piston rod is provided with a linkage transmission rod that is fixedly connected to it and arranged parallel to it. The piston rod is provided with an inclined... The piston rod has a bevel gear with a locking wedge on one side. The locking wedge is connected to a cam, and the linkage transmission rod has a transmission tooth. The cam is connected to a transmission gear arranged on the same axis. When the piston rod moves to a certain position, the transmission tooth can mesh with the transmission gear. When the multi-stage pressure relief assembly is squeezed, in the first stage, the pressure relief valve opens; in the second stage, the transmission tooth meshes with the transmission gear, driving the cam to rotate so that the locking wedge meshes with the bevel gear, and the pressure relief valve closes; in the third stage, the locking wedge slides slightly along the bevel gear, and the piston rod obtains the final displacement reserve.

2. The multi-level cooperative adaptive pressure relief tunnel support device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A fluid cavity is formed between the piston and the cylinder, and a non-Newtonian fluid is placed in the fluid cavity.

3. The multi-level cooperative adaptive pressure relief tunnel support device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure relief valve is a controllable pressure relief valve.

4. The multi-level cooperative adaptive pressure relief tunnel support device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cam is connected to the transmission gear via a connecting rod.

5. A multi-level cooperative adaptive pressure relief tunnel support device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The multi-stage pressure relief assembly also includes a housing that has a sliding seal with two rod segments located thereon, and the connecting rods are rotatably mounted inside the housing.

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