Compressed air reservoir structure and pressure equalization method
By using anti-arch precast lining units and an internal pressure balancing system in the compressed air energy storage chamber, the problem of easy cracking of concrete lining was solved, the stability and sealing of the structure were improved, and the construction cost was reduced.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SHANDONG UNIV
- Filing Date
- 2026-04-22
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-09
AI Technical Summary
The concrete lining of existing compressed air energy storage chambers is prone to cracking under long-term cyclic loads, affecting the stability and sealing of the structure, and traditional steel lining is expensive.
The inverted arch prefabricated lining unit is made of engineering cement-based composite material, combined with an internal pressure balance chamber and a pressure balance system. The internal and external pressure difference is controlled by monitoring and adjusting the fluid medium, which converts tensile stress into compressive stress and reduces the pressure burden on the ribs and surrounding rock.
It effectively avoids cracking of concrete lining, improves structural stability and sealing, reduces construction costs, and is suitable for large-scale application.
Smart Images
Figure CN122169881A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of compressed air energy storage technology, specifically to a compressed air storage structure and pressure balancing method. Background Technology
[0002] Compressed air energy storage (CAES) is a large-scale, green, and efficient physical energy storage method. During long-term cyclic charging and discharging operations, the internal lining of the storage chamber is subjected to significant circumferential tensile stress and circumferential deformation. Currently, common artificial storage chamber lining structures mainly consist of a combination of concrete lining and steel lining. Although concrete has high compressive strength, its tensile properties are poor. Under long-term cyclic loading, it is prone to cracking under circumferential tensile stress, leading to lining failure and affecting the safety and stability of the gas storage facility. To improve sealing performance, traditional technologies often install an integral steel lining inside the concrete lining. However, this method is expensive and significantly increases investment costs in large-scale construction. Summary of the Invention
[0003] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the problems in the prior art and provide a compressed air storage structure and pressure balancing method that can effectively resolve the tensile stress problem of the lining, improve the stability and sealing of the structure, and also take into account economic efficiency.
[0004] The present invention provides a compressed air storage structure, comprising: An initial support layer set on the surface of the surrounding rock; Multiple precast anti-arch lining units made of engineering cement-based composite materials, the cross-section of the precast anti-arch lining units being an arc shape protruding into the chamber; multiple precast anti-arch lining units are assembled circumferentially along the chamber to form a continuous annular main lining; a closed internal pressure balance cavity is formed between the outer wall of each precast anti-arch lining unit and the inner wall of the initial support layer. A pressure balancing system for regulating the pressure in the internal pressure balancing chamber includes a monitoring unit, a fluid regulating unit, and a control unit. The monitoring unit monitors the air pressure inside the chamber and / or the pressure in the internal pressure balancing chamber. The fluid regulating unit is connected to the internal pressure balancing chamber and injects or discharges a fluid medium into or out of the internal pressure balancing chamber. The control unit is signal-connected to the monitoring unit and the fluid regulating unit and controls the fluid injected or discharged by the fluid regulating unit based on the monitored pressure data to regulate the pressure in the internal pressure balancing chamber.
[0005] Preferably, the inner wall of the chamber is fitted with a continuous rubber sealing layer; the joints between adjacent anti-arch prefabricated lining units are filled or coated with a polymer sealing material.
[0006] Preferably, it also includes multiple rib piles arranged at intervals around the circumference of the chamber; one end of each rib pile is anchored in the surrounding rock, and the other end passes through the initial support layer and is provided with a connecting end; the arch foot of the anti-arch precast lining unit is fixedly connected to the connecting end of the rib pile through a connector.
[0007] Preferably, geotextile is laid inside; the fluid medium is hydraulic oil or water.
[0008] Preferably, the engineering cement-based composite material is ECC concrete mixed with polymer fibers and steel fibers.
[0009] Preferably, the arch foot of the inverted arch prefabricated lining unit has a chamfered structure.
[0010] Preferably, the monitoring unit further includes strain sensors deployed inside and outside the anti-arch lining structure for monitoring the strain of the anti-arch lining structure; the control unit is also used to control the fluid regulation unit according to the monitored air pressure in the chamber and the strain data of the anti-arch lining structure, so that the pressure in the internal pressure balance chamber and the air pressure in the chamber are maintained at a preset pressure difference, so that the anti-arch prefabricated lining unit is in a state dominated by compressive stress.
[0011] Preferably, the control unit is used to control the fluid regulating unit to inject fluid into the internal pressure balance chamber during the chamber inflation stage, and to inject fluid sequentially from the upper region to the lower region; during the chamber deflation stage, the control unit is used to control the fluid regulating unit to discharge fluid from the internal pressure balance chamber, and to discharge fluid sequentially from the lower region to the upper region.
[0012] The present invention also provides a pressure balance control method for the above-mentioned compressed air storage structure, comprising the following steps: The compressed air energy storage chamber's air pressure and the internal pressure balance chamber's pressure are monitored in real time. Based on the monitored air pressure inside the chamber, the fluid regulation unit is controlled to inject or discharge fluid into the internal pressure balance chamber, so that the pressure inside the internal pressure balance chamber and the air pressure inside the chamber are maintained within a preset pressure difference range. Preferably, when strain data of the anti-arch lining structure is monitored, the preset pressure difference range is corrected based on the strain data so that the anti-arch prefabricated lining unit is in a stress state dominated by compressive stress.
[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: This invention optimizes the force transmission path by employing prefabricated inverted arch lining, transforming tension into compression, effectively solving the problem of concrete lining cracking and failure, and improving the stability and sealing of the structure. Simultaneously, the protruding arc of the inverted arch prefabricated lining unit forms an internal pressure balance zone with the initial support layer. Fluid injected into this zone shares some of the pressure within the chamber, reducing the pressure burden on the ribs, columns, and surrounding rock. A pressure monitoring device can monitor the internal and external pressures and the strain of the lining structure in real time, and adjust the pressure in the internal pressure balance zone accordingly, controlling the internal pressure balance zone and the internal air pressure within the chamber within a preset pressure difference range. This effectively controls the strain of the lining structure, further solving the problem of concrete lining cracking and failure, and improving the stability and sealing of the structure. Furthermore, the above structural design of this invention is less expensive than setting an integral steel lining inside the concrete lining, making it more suitable for the construction of large-scale gas storage chambers. Attached Figure Description
[0014] Figure 1 This is an embodiment of the present invention: an inverted arch type prefabricated lining.
[0015] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the inverted arch type prefabricated lining structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0016] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Surrounding rock; 2. Initial support layer; 3. Rib piles; 4. Bolts; 5. Anti-arch precast lining unit; 5-1. Rubber sealing layer; 5-2. Engineering cement-based composite material; 6. Internal pressure balance zone. Detailed Implementation
[0017] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the described embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0018] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms “first,” “second,” and similar terms used in this invention do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as “comprising” or “including” indicate that the elements or objects preceding “comprising” or “including” encompass the elements or objects listed following “comprising” or “including” and their equivalents, and do not exclude other elements or objects. Terms such as “connected” or “linked” are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as “upper,” “lower,” “left,” and “right” are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described objects changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.
[0019] This invention provides a compressed air storage structure, including an initial support layer 2 disposed on the surface of the surrounding rock 1. More specifically, in this embodiment, the initial support layer 2 is made of C40 high-strength concrete with a thickness of approximately 30 cm; it is in direct contact with the surrounding rock 1, serving to stabilize the surrounding rock 1 and bear the load of the lining. In this embodiment, multiple precast anti-arch lining units 5 are prefabricated from engineering cement-based composite material 5-2, with cross-sections protruding into the chamber in an anti-arch shape. As another preferred embodiment, the engineering cement-based composite material 5-2 is ECC concrete mixed with polymer fibers and steel fibers. It has excellent coordinated deformation capacity and pressure bearing performance, and the gas permeability can reach 10. -21 The ECC concrete has excellent sealing performance and, due to the presence of polymer fibers and steel fibers, reduces the amount of reinforcement while ensuring mechanical properties, thereby lowering material and construction costs. In this embodiment, multiple anti-arch precast lining units 5 are assembled circumferentially along the chamber to form a continuous annular main lining with an anti-arch inner wall. A closed internal pressure balance cavity is formed between the outer wall of each anti-arch precast lining unit 5 and the inner wall of the initial support layer 2. The pressure balance system in this embodiment is used to regulate the pressure of the internal pressure balance cavity. The pressure balance system includes a monitoring unit, a fluid regulation unit, and a control unit. The monitoring unit is used to monitor the air pressure inside the chamber and / or the pressure inside the internal pressure balance cavity. The fluid regulation unit is connected to the internal pressure balance cavity and is used to inject or discharge fluid medium into the internal pressure balance cavity. The control unit is signal-connected to the monitoring unit and the fluid regulation unit and is used to control the fluid injected or discharged by the fluid regulation unit according to the monitored pressure data to regulate the pressure inside the internal pressure balance cavity.
[0020] In the compressed air storage structure provided in this embodiment, the exposed rock mass after the chamber excavation serves as the outermost bearing medium. A suitable excavation cross-section is selected based on geological conditions, with common cross-section diameters ranging from 5m to 12m. In this embodiment, approximately 30cm of C40 high-strength shotcrete forms the initial support layer 2, serving as the first support structure. This layer quickly seals surface cracks in the surrounding rock 1, reducing rock loosening and displacement, and providing a stable foundation for subsequent anti-arch lining. In another preferred embodiment, multiple rib piles 3 are arranged circumferentially around the chamber. One end of each rib pile 3 is anchored in the surrounding rock 1, and the other end passes through the initial support layer 2 and has a connecting end. The arch foot of the anti-arch precast lining unit 5 is fixedly connected to the connecting end of the rib pile 3 via a connector. In this embodiment, the rib piles 3 are made of high-strength concrete with a strength grade of not less than C50. One pile is installed at regular intervals, such as every 30°~60°, and extends continuously along the axial direction; embedded 1.2m~5m into the surrounding rock to enhance anchoring and force transmission capabilities. In this embodiment, the connecting component at the arch foot is a high-strength bolt 4, for example, with a strength grade of 10.9. A polymer sealant, such as polyurethane or epoxy resin, is sprayed at the joint to ensure a tight seal. The bolts 4 provide a rigid connection between the anti-arch precast lining unit 5 and the rib piles 3, allowing for smooth load transfer. Under load, the pressure of the anti-arch lining is transmitted to the rib piles 3 through the arch foot, and the rib piles 3 further transmit the force to the deep surrounding rock 1, preventing the lining from bearing stress alone. In this embodiment, the anti-arch precast lining unit 5 is a composite lining unit prefabricated in a factory from engineering cement-based composite material 5-2, such as... Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the cross-section is an inverted arch shape protruding into the tunnel; ECC (engineering cement-based composite material 5-2) contains polymer fibers and steel fibers, possessing good coordinated deformation capacity and compressive strength; the gas permeability is as low as 10. -21The order of magnitude meets long-term sealing requirements; the anti-arch prefabricated lining unit 5 is fixedly connected to the rib pile 3 by bolts 4, and adjacent units overlap and seal to form a complete closed ring structure. The anti-arch geometry transforms the circumferential tensile stress generated by the gas pressure in the chamber into compressive stress, keeping the lining under constant pressure; the toughness and microcrack self-healing ability of the ECC material further ensure that brittle failure does not occur under cyclic loading; after assembly, the anti-arch prefabricated lining unit 5 forms a complete stress ring, achieving uniform stress distribution. In this embodiment, the internal pressure balance chamber is used to inject fluid, which can be a low-compressibility medium such as water or hydraulic oil. This embodiment uses water as an example, utilizing water pressure to share the internal pressure; the internal pressure of the balance zone is monitored in real time by a monitoring device, and the fluid regulation unit adjusts the water injection or drainage according to the instructions of the control unit to regulate the pressure in the internal pressure balance chamber and achieve pressure balance. In the maintenance state, the internal water is drained to avoid damage to the lining by reverse tensile stress. During the filling and releasing of gas in the chamber, the internal pressure mainly acts on the surface of the anti-arch lining. The inverted arch geometry places the lining under compression, effectively preventing tensile cracking of the concrete. Gas pressure is transmitted through the arch foot and bolts 4 to the rib piles 3, and then to the deep part of the surrounding rock 1, realizing the transformation of tension into compression.
[0021] During the construction of the compressed air storage structure, pressure sensors are arranged when the corresponding structural construction is carried out. The pressure sensor inside the chamber is directly installed on the inner wall of the compressed air energy storage chamber to monitor the air pressure inside the chamber in real time. The pressure sensor in the balance zone is installed in the balance zone between the anti-arch lining and the shotcrete to monitor the pressure of the water that provides auxiliary reaction force. As another preferred embodiment, in order to further improve the stability of the chamber, the monitoring unit also includes strain sensors symmetrically arranged inside and outside the anti-arch lining structure for monitoring the strain of the anti-arch lining structure; the control unit is also used to control the fluid regulation unit according to the monitored air pressure and strain data of the anti-arch lining structure, so that the pressure in the internal pressure balance chamber and the air pressure in the chamber are maintained at a preset pressure difference, and the anti-arch prefabricated lining unit 5 is in a stress state dominated by compressive stress.
[0022] More specifically, the chamber pressure sensor, the equilibrium zone pressure sensor, and the anti-arch lining strain sensor together constitute a closed-loop control system. The control unit takes keeping the lining strain within the design allowable range as the ultimate control objective and the pressure difference between the chamber and the equilibrium zone as the direct adjustment object. Under normal operating conditions, the system maintains the initially set target pressure difference. When the strain monitoring value exceeds the design allowable range, the control unit dynamically corrects the target pressure difference according to the direction of strain exceeding the limit: the control unit determines the lining bending direction in real time based on the strain difference between the inner and outer sides, and then determines whether the tensile strain or compressive strain exceeds the limit. If the sensor inside the chamber lining unit shows tensile strain exceeding the limit, the equilibrium zone pressure setpoint is reduced (pressure difference increases) to perform a pressurization operation; if the sensor inside the chamber lining unit shows compressive strain exceeding the limit, the equilibrium zone pressure setpoint is increased (pressure difference decreases) to perform a depressurization operation. The corrected target pressure difference serves as the execution command for the fluid regulation unit, adjusting the equilibrium zone pressure to the corresponding target value through inflation or deflation until the strain returns to the allowable range. When the strain value exceeds the level 2 warning threshold and the pressure regulation cannot be restored, the system triggers a structural safety assessment and enters the maintenance process.
[0023] As a preferred embodiment, during the injection and drainage process, different injection and drainage sequences are used for the outer balance zone of the arch at different locations during the air filling and deflating process of the tunnel. More specifically, the tunnel top is prone to air pressure lifting force, so water is injected first into the internal pressure balance cavity at the tunnel top to maintain the structure under pressure. At the tunnel shoulder, the combined action of compression and shear makes the lining structure prone to cracking, so water is injected at the same time as or slightly after the tunnel top, and the left and right sides are symmetrically adjusted and controlled. On the left and right sides of the middle of the tunnel, the internal pressure is mainly resisted by horizontal water pressure, and water is injected later in the upper balance zone, and the internal and external pressure difference is maintained within the designed pressure difference value range. The tunnel foot is subject to compression and shear, and tensile stress cracking is easily generated due to the decrease in internal air pressure during air deflation. Due to gravity, water will naturally accumulate at the bottom, so the water injection rate at the tunnel foot needs to be controlled to avoid excessively high bottom water pressure causing adverse bending moment to the lining when the internal air pressure has not been fully established in the early stage of air filling. The tunnel bottom is similar to the tunnel foot, and the tunnel bottom and tunnel foot together form the bottom high pressure zone, which is injected synchronously with the tunnel foot, and water is injected later during air filling. When draining water, priority should be given to the bottom area to prevent bottom cracking. Then, drainage should be carried out sequentially from the sides, shoulders, and top of the tunnel upwards to ensure the stability of the structure.
[0024] In this embodiment, during the inflation stage, water is injected sequentially into the equilibrium zones at the tunnel top, shoulder, side, foot, and bottom as the air pressure inside the tunnel increases. The injection rate is controlled in the equilibrium zones at the foot and bottom. During the stabilization stage, the pressure inside the tunnel and in the equilibrium zones, as well as the strain of the lining structure, are monitored to maintain a constant internal and external pressure difference. If the pressure sensor detects a slow decrease in the pressure of the internal pressure equilibrium chamber, such as due to water leakage, the fluid regulation unit will intermittently start the water injection pump to replenish the pressure with a small flow rate. Conversely, a small amount of water will be drained. Since the water in the upper equilibrium zone has a greater gravitational effect on the arch lining structure, the adjustment must be precise, and the control range is smaller than that in the lower region. During the deflation stage, the drainage sequence is the opposite of the inflation stage. Water is drained first at the foot and bottom of the tunnel to prevent tensile stress, followed by the side, shoulder, and top of the tunnel. The entire pressure regulation process automatically adjusts and controls the pressurization or depressurization of water in the equilibrium zone according to different zones and conditions, maintains the pressure difference between the inside of the chamber and the internal pressure equilibrium cavity, controls the strain of the arch structure within the allowable range, and thus dynamically changes the pressure in the equilibrium zone to always maintain a balanced and structurally beneficial relationship with the internal pressure of the chamber, avoiding damage to the lining structure.
[0025] In another preferred embodiment, the arch foot of the anti-arch prefabricated lining unit 5 has a chamfered structure to avoid stress concentration and extend service life. The protruding part of the arch foot serves as the connection and force transmission area for the bolts 4. Under the action of air load, the surface distributed load is converted into circumferential stress of the arch foot, which is then transmitted to the group of rib piles 3 through radial reaction force, and then transmitted to the far-end surrounding rock 1 by the rib piles 3.
[0026] In another preferred embodiment, the inner wall of the anti-arch prefabricated lining unit 5 is fitted with a continuous rubber sealing layer 5-1; the joints between adjacent anti-arch prefabricated lining units 5 are filled or coated with a polymer sealing material. A 1mm-2mm thick rubber layer is applied to the inner side of the tunnel, laid circumferentially as a whole, and connected in axial segments. The connection is achieved through pressure vulcanization, ensuring complete sealing of the rubber layer. The rubber layer further improves the airtightness of the tunnel structure, and rubber has excellent deformation capacity, allowing it to deform in tandem with the structure when it deforms, making it less prone to damage and highly durable. It is also low-cost, easy to construct, and easy to replace when damaged.
[0027] In another preferred embodiment, during the chamber inflation phase, the control unit controls the fluid regulating unit to inject fluid into the internal pressure balance chamber, and the injection process follows the sequence from the upper region to the lower region; during the chamber deflation phase, the control unit controls the fluid regulating unit to discharge fluid from the internal pressure balance chamber, and the discharge process follows the sequence from the lower region to the upper region.
[0028] As another preferred embodiment, this embodiment also provides a pressure balance control method for a compressed air storage structure, including the following steps: The compressed air energy storage chamber's air pressure and the internal pressure balance chamber's pressure are monitored in real time. Based on the monitored air pressure inside the chamber, the fluid regulation unit is controlled to inject or discharge fluid into the internal pressure balance chamber, so that the pressure inside the internal pressure balance chamber and the air pressure inside the chamber are maintained within a preset pressure difference range. When strain data of the anti-arch lining structure is monitored, the preset pressure difference range is corrected based on the strain data so that the anti-arch prefabricated lining unit is in a stress state dominated by compressive stress.
[0029] The pressure balance control method of this embodiment includes, during the chamber inflation process, first increasing the pressure in the internal pressure balance chamber corresponding to the top and shoulder areas of the lining; and during the chamber deflation process, first decreasing the pressure in the internal pressure balance chamber corresponding to the bottom and foot areas of the lining.
[0030] This invention transforms tension into compression by employing prefabricated inverted arch lining and an optimized force transmission path, effectively avoiding the cracking and failure of concrete lining. Simultaneously, the combination of ECC concrete and rubber sealing materials improves the structure's sealing performance and long-term service life. Prefabrication and bolt-based assembly significantly enhance construction efficiency and project quality. The internal pressure balance zone 6 shares some of the chamber's pressure, reducing the pressure burden on the ribs, columns, and surrounding rock. By real-time monitoring of the internal and external pressures of the chamber and the strain of the lining structure, and by performing corresponding pressure balancing operations on the internal pressure balance zone 6, dynamic balance of internal and external pressures is achieved.
[0031] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A compressed air storage structure, characterized in that, include: An initial support layer set on the surface of the surrounding rock; Multiple precast anti-arch lining units made of engineering cement-based composite materials, wherein the cross-section of the precast anti-arch lining unit is an arc shape protruding into the interior of the chamber; Multiple anti-arch prefabricated lining units are assembled circumferentially along the chamber to form a continuous annular main lining; a closed internal pressure balance cavity is formed between the outer wall of each anti-arch prefabricated lining unit and the inner wall of the initial support layer. A pressure balancing system for regulating the pressure in the internal pressure balancing chamber includes a monitoring unit, a fluid regulating unit, and a control unit. The monitoring unit monitors the air pressure inside the chamber and / or the pressure in the internal pressure balancing chamber. The fluid regulating unit is connected to the internal pressure balancing chamber and injects or discharges a fluid medium into or out of the internal pressure balancing chamber. The control unit is signal-connected to the monitoring unit and the fluid regulating unit and controls the fluid injected or discharged by the fluid regulating unit based on the monitored pressure data to regulate the pressure in the internal pressure balancing chamber.
2. The compressed air storage structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The inner wall of the chamber is fitted with a continuous rubber sealing layer; the joints between adjacent anti-arch prefabricated lining units are filled or coated with polymer sealing material.
3. The compressed air storage structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes multiple rib piles arranged circumferentially along the chamber; one end of each rib pile is anchored in the surrounding rock, and the other end passes through the initial support layer and is provided with a connecting end; the arch foot of the anti-arch precast lining unit is fixedly connected to the connecting end of the rib pile through a connector.
4. The compressed air storage structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The inner wall of the anti-arch prefabricated lining unit is covered with geotextile; the fluid medium is hydraulic oil or water.
5. The compressed air storage structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The engineering cement-based composite material is ECC concrete mixed with polymer fibers and steel fibers.
6. The compressed air storage structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The arch foot of the inverted arch prefabricated lining unit has a chamfered structure.
7. The compressed air storage structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The monitoring unit also includes strain sensors installed inside and outside the anti-arch lining structure to monitor the strain of the anti-arch lining structure; the control unit is also used to control the fluid regulation unit according to the monitored air pressure in the chamber and the strain data of the anti-arch lining structure, so that the pressure in the internal pressure balance chamber and the air pressure in the chamber are maintained at a preset pressure difference, so that the anti-arch prefabricated lining unit is in a state dominated by compressive stress.
8. The compressed air storage structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The control unit is used to control the fluid regulating unit to inject fluid into the internal pressure balance chamber during the chamber inflation phase, and to inject fluid sequentially from the upper region to the lower region; during the chamber deflation phase, the control unit is used to control the fluid regulating unit to discharge fluid from the internal pressure balance chamber, and to discharge fluid sequentially from the lower region to the upper region.
9. A pressure balance control method for a compressed air storage structure according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The compressed air energy storage chamber's air pressure and the internal pressure balance chamber's pressure are monitored in real time. Based on the monitored air pressure inside the chamber, the fluid regulation unit is controlled to inject or discharge fluid into the internal pressure balance chamber, so that the pressure inside the internal pressure balance chamber and the air pressure inside the chamber are maintained within a preset pressure difference range.
10. A pressure balance control method as described in claim 9, characterized in that, When strain data of the anti-arch lining structure is monitored, the preset pressure difference range is corrected based on the strain data so that the anti-arch prefabricated lining unit is in a stress state dominated by compressive stress.