Measuring device for the size of concrete structure crack misalignment and application method

Abstract

A measuring instrument and application method for measuring the misalignment of cracks in concrete structures. The measuring instrument consists of a base plate, a top plate, a panel, support A, support B, a vertical measuring rod, a horizontal measuring rod, a main measuring wheel, a secondary measuring wheel, and a measuring stylus. Support A consists of a fixed horizontal axis A, a movable horizontal axis A, and a vertical rod A. The fixed horizontal axis A is installed inside the fixed wheel A, and the movable horizontal axis A is installed inside the rolling wheel A. Support B consists of a fixed horizontal axis B, a movable horizontal axis B, and a vertical rod B. The fixed horizontal axis B is installed inside the fixed wheel B, and the movable horizontal axis B is installed inside the rolling wheel B. The main measuring wheel, the secondary measuring wheel, and the wheel axle are fixed together and connected to the top plate through a bearing seat. The radius of the secondary measuring wheel is larger than the radius of the main measuring wheel. The vertical measuring rod and the main measuring wheel mesh with each other through teeth, and the horizontal measuring rod and the secondary measuring wheel mesh with each other through teeth. The method is as follows: Select the misalignment measurement position, open the gap between the top plate and the base plate, install the measuring instrument, press down the top plate, press the measuring stylus against the structural surface to take the reading, and then retract the measuring instrument.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of crack and misalignment size observation technology in concrete structures. Background Technology

[0002] Cracks in concrete structures weaken their integrity, accelerate the corrosion of internal steel reinforcement, and reduce their durability and load-bearing capacity. Crack misalignment not only promotes further crack propagation but can also lead to the fragmentation of the concrete cover. In the inspection and maintenance of concrete structures (especially railway bridges), cracks and their associated misalignments are key indicators for assessing structural safety. Accurately measuring crack width and misalignment height is crucial for determining the extent of structural damage and developing repair plans.

[0003] Currently, there are two main methods for measuring crack misalignment in concrete structures. The first is manual contact measurement, which is simple and inexpensive, but the results are highly dependent on the experience and technique of the measurer, leading to subjective readings, poor repeatability, and difficulty in guaranteeing accuracy. The second is traditional optical instrument measurement. While this method improves the objectivity of readings to some extent, the equipment usually requires stable installation, precise leveling and alignment, resulting in poor adaptability to the field, low detection efficiency, and high skill requirements for operators. In recent years, with the development of computer vision technology, advanced technologies such as 3D laser scanning and high-resolution photogrammetry have been gradually applied to some key projects. However, these devices are expensive, have complex data processing, and are subject to strict requirements on site lighting and environment, making them difficult to meet the needs of daily inspections and rapid on-site detection. Therefore, a new type of measuring instrument for the size of crack misalignment in concrete structures is urgently needed at this stage. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a measuring instrument for the size of crack misalignment. This instrument can accurately measure the size of crack misalignment in concrete structures or other structures, providing a basis for the evaluation and maintenance of concrete structures or other structures.

[0005] This invention relates to a measuring instrument and application method for measuring the size of cracks and misalignments in concrete structures. The measuring instrument comprises a base plate 1, a top plate 2, a panel 3, a support A 4, a support B 5, a vertical measuring rod 6, a horizontal measuring rod 7, a main measuring wheel 8, a secondary measuring wheel 9, and a measuring stylus 10. Support A 4 consists of a fixed horizontal shaft A 4-1, a movable horizontal shaft A 4-2, and a vertical rod A 4-3. The fixed horizontal shaft A 4-1 is installed inside a fixed wheel A 4-4 on the top plate 2, and the movable horizontal shaft A 4-2 is installed inside a rolling wheel A 4-5 on the upper surface of the base plate 1. Support B 5 consists of a fixed horizontal shaft B 5-1, a movable horizontal shaft B 5-2, and a vertical rod B 5-3. The fixed horizontal shaft B 5-1 is installed inside a fixed wheel B 5-4 on the base plate 1, and the movable horizontal shaft B 5-2 is installed inside a rolling wheel B 5-5 on the lower surface of the top plate 2. A connecting shaft 4-6 is provided in the middle of the vertical rod A 4-3, and the vertical rod B 5-3... A connecting hole 5-6 is provided in the middle of 5-3, and the connecting shaft 4-6 is inserted into the connecting hole 5-6; the fixed wheel A 4-4 is set at both ends of the fixed horizontal shaft A 4-1, the rolling wheel A 4-5 is set at both ends of the moving horizontal shaft A 4-2, and the outer side of the rolling wheel A 4-5 is provided with an anti-detachment plate A 4-7; the fixed wheel B 5-4 is set in the middle of the fixed horizontal shaft B 5-1, the rolling wheel B 5-5 is set in the middle of the moving horizontal shaft B 5-2, and the outer side of the moving horizontal shaft B 5-2 is provided with an anti-detachment plate B 5-7.

[0006] The application method of the measuring instrument for measuring the size of cracks and misalignments in concrete structures described above includes the following steps: Step (1): Select a suitable location for measuring the 20-degree misalignment of the crack; Step (2): Open the distance between the top plate 2 and the bottom plate 1 to the maximum; Step (3): Place the base plate 1 on the structural surface of the side of the crack 20 that is not raised, and place the probe 10 against the structural surface of the side of the crack 20 that is raised. Step (4): Press the top plate 2 to make it descend slowly. Stop pressing when the probe 10 touches the surface of the solid structure and read the scale value indicated by the indicator arrow 15. Step (5): After the measurement is completed, put the measuring instrument back into the instrument box.

[0007] The beneficial effects of this invention are: the measuring instrument changes the reading direction of crack misalignment size from parallel to the structure surface to perpendicular to the structure surface, and enlarges the misalignment size, ensuring the convenience and accuracy of crack misalignment size reading; this instrument is particularly suitable for the inspection of concrete structures such as railway bridges, effectively shortening the time required for inspection and maintenance, meeting the actual needs of inspection, and has significant engineering value. The structure of this invention is relatively simple, highly practical, and offers significant economic benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0008] Figure 1It is an elevation drawing of the measuring instrument. Figure 2 This is an elevation view of the measuring instrument (without anti-detachment plate). Figure 3 This is a top view of the measuring instrument. Figure 4 This is section II (before measurement began). Figure 5 This is section II (under measurement). Figure 6 This is a plan view of bracket A. Figure 7 This is a plan view of bracket A and the end wheel. Figure 8 This is the elevation view of bracket A and the end wheel. Figure 9 This is the plan view of bracket B. Figure 10 This is a plan view of bracket B and the end wheel. Figure 11 This is the elevation view of bracket B and the end wheel. Figure 12 This is section II-II. Figure 13 This is section III-III. Figure 14 This is a 3D diagram of the measuring wheel system. Figure 15 This is section IV-IV. Figure 16 This is a top view of the panel and top panel structure. Figure 17 This is a cross-sectional view of the measuring rod groove. Figure 18 This is a cross-sectional view of the planar measuring rod. Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of the measurement principle. Figure 20 This is a VV cross-sectional view. Detailed Implementation

[0009] like Figures 1-5 As shown, the measuring instrument for measuring the size of cracks and misalignments in concrete structures according to the present invention comprises a base plate 1, a top plate 2, a panel 3, a bracket A 4, a bracket B 5, a vertical measuring rod 6, a horizontal measuring rod 7, a main measuring wheel 8, a secondary measuring wheel 9, and a measuring needle 10. Figures 6-13As shown, the bracket A4 consists of a fixed horizontal shaft A4-1, a movable horizontal shaft A4-2, and a vertical rod A4-3. The fixed horizontal shaft A4-1 is installed in a fixed wheel A4-4 on the top plate 2 and can rotate around the fixed wheel A4-4. The movable horizontal shaft A4-2 is installed in a rolling wheel A4-5 on the upper surface of the base plate 1 and can roll on the upper surface of the base plate 1, driving the movable horizontal shaft A4-2 to move above the base plate 1. The bracket B5 consists of a fixed horizontal shaft B5-1, a movable horizontal shaft B5-2, and a vertical rod B5-3. The fixed horizontal shaft B5-1 is installed in a fixed wheel B5-4 on the base plate 1 and can rotate around the fixed wheel B5-4. The movable horizontal shaft B5-2 is installed in a rolling wheel B5-5 on the lower surface of the top plate 2 and can roll on the lower surface of the top plate 2, driving the movable horizontal shaft B5-2 to move below the top plate 2. A connecting shaft 4-6 is provided in the middle of the vertical rod A4-3, and a connecting hole 5-6 is provided in the middle of the vertical rod B5-3. The connecting shaft 4-6 is inserted into the connecting hole 5-6 and can rotate around the connecting hole 5-6, so that the vertical rod A4-3 and the vertical rod B5-3 are connected together and can rotate relative to each other to adjust the distance between the top plate 2 and the base plate 1. Fixed wheel A 4-4 is located at both ends of fixed horizontal shaft A 4-1, and rolling wheel A 4-5 is located at both ends of moving horizontal shaft A 4-2. Anti-detachment plate A 4-7 is provided on the outer side of rolling wheel A 4-5; fixed wheel B 5-4 is located in the middle of fixed horizontal shaft B 5-1, and rolling wheel B 5-5 is located in the middle of moving horizontal shaft B 5-2. Anti-detachment plate B 5-7 is provided on the outer side of moving horizontal shaft B 5-2.

[0010] like Figures 4-5 , Figures 14-15 As shown, the main measuring wheel 8, the driven measuring wheel 9, and the wheel axle 11 are fixed together. Both ends of the wheel axle 11 are connected to the top plate 2 via bearing seats 12, allowing the wheel axle 11 to rotate within the bearing seats 12. The rim surfaces of the main measuring wheel 8 and the driven measuring wheel 9 are toothed. The vertical measuring rod 6 is fixed to the base plate 1, with its longitudinal axis perpendicular to the plane of the base plate 1. The vertical measuring rod 6 has teeth on its surface in contact with the main measuring wheel 8. These teeth mesh with the teeth of the main measuring wheel 8, allowing the main measuring wheel 8 to rotate as it moves along the longitudinal axis of the vertical measuring rod 6. The horizontal measuring rod 7 is installed in the measuring rod groove 13 of the panel 3. The longitudinal axis of the horizontal measuring rod 7 is parallel to the plane of the panel 3. The lower surface of the horizontal measuring rod 7 in contact with the driven measuring wheel 9 has teeth. These teeth mesh with the teeth of the driven measuring wheel 9, allowing the driven measuring wheel 9 to slide along its longitudinal axis as it rotates.

[0011] like Figures 16-18As shown, panel 3 is attached to the upper part of top plate 2. Panel 3 has a measuring rod groove 13. One side of the top surface of panel 3 of measuring rod groove 13 has a scale 14. The upper surface of the flat measuring rod 7 is engraved with an indicator arrow 15. When the flat measuring rod 7 slides along the measuring rod groove 13, the indicator arrow 15 can indicate the specific value of the scale 14. The middle of the two side walls of the measuring rod groove 13 has a groove 16. The groove 16 fits with the protrusions 17 on both sides of the flat measuring rod 7, so that the flat measuring rod 7 slides smoothly in the measuring rod groove 13 and will not fall out of the measuring rod groove 13. Panel 3 and top plate 2 have square through holes 18 above the main measuring wheel 8 and the driven measuring wheel 9. The holes are mainly used for the teeth of the flat measuring rod 7 to mesh with the teeth of the driven measuring wheel 9 during the measurement process. At the same time, they can ensure that the working space of the vertical measuring rod 6 meets the requirements when the distance between the bottom plate 1 and the top plate 2 changes during the measurement process.

[0012] like Figure 19 As shown, the radius of the main measuring wheel 8 is r 1. The radius of measuring wheel 9 is r 2. When the distance between the top plate 2 and the bottom plate 1 changes, the position of the contact point between the main measuring wheel 8 and the vertical measuring rod 6 also changes, with a change of Δ. l 1; The main measuring wheel 8 rotates due to meshing with the teeth of the vertical measuring rod 6, which in turn drives the driven measuring wheel 9 to rotate. The rotation of the driven measuring wheel 9 causes the horizontal measuring rod 7 to slide within the measuring rod groove 13. The scale value indicated by the indicator arrow 15 on the horizontal measuring rod 7 changes, and the amount of change is Δ. l 2, then Δ l 2 and Δ l The relationship between 1 and Δ is: l 2 =Δ l 1× r 2 / r 1. Settings r 2> r 1, then Δ l 2>Δ l 1. Therefore, the scale change Δ indicated by the arrow 15 on the measuring rod 7 is... l 2. The change in distance Δ between the top plate 2 and the bottom plate 1 l 1. Enlarge the scale for more accurate reading. Divide the scale 14 on panel 3 by the actual size on panel 3. r 2 / r The value after 1 is labeled, so that the change value read from panel 3 is the change Δ on the measuring rod 6. l 1.

[0013] like Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 4As shown, a probe 10 is provided at the front end of the panel 3, with the end of the probe 10 being hemispherical. Four support legs 19 are provided at the bottom of the base plate 1, with the ends of each support leg 19 also hemispherical. When the anti-detachment plates A 4-7 and B 5-7 of the measuring instrument are pressed together, the distance between the top plate 2 and the base plate 1 is at its shortest, and the end of the probe 10 and the ends of the four support legs 19 are on the same plane. At this time, the scale value on the panel surface indicated by the arrow 15 on the flat measuring rod 7 is 0. For example... Figure 19 , Figure 20 As shown, when the probe 10 is placed on the outward convex side of the crack 20 and the four support feet 19 are set on the other side of the crack 20, the distance between the top plate 2 and the bottom plate 1 increases, and the scale value of the panel surface scale 14 indicated by the indicator arrow 15 also increases. Its value is the size of the misalignment of the crack 20.

[0014] The application methods of the measuring instruments described above, such as Figure 19 As shown, the specific steps are as follows: (1) Select a suitable location for measuring the misalignment of crack 20 on the surface of the concrete structure. (2) Open the distance between the top plate 2 and the bottom plate 1 of the measuring instrument to the maximum; (3) Place the base plate 1 of the measuring instrument on the structural surface of the side of the crack 20 that is not raised, and the probe 10 is facing the structural surface of the side of the crack 20 that is raised, so that the longitudinal axis of the flat measuring rod 7 is perpendicular to the length direction of the crack 20. (4) Press the top plate 2 of the measuring instrument to make it slowly descend. Stop pressing when the probe 10 is pressed against the surface of the structure. Read the scale value indicated by the indicator arrow 15 on the panel 3. This scale value is the size of the misalignment of the crack 20.

Claims

1. A measuring instrument for measuring the size of cracks and misalignments in concrete structures, comprising a base plate (1), a top plate (2), a panel (3), a support A (4), a support B (5), a vertical measuring rod (6), a horizontal measuring rod (7), a main measuring wheel (8), a secondary measuring wheel (9), and a measuring needle (10), characterized in that... Support A (4) consists of a fixed horizontal shaft A (4-1), a movable horizontal shaft A (4-2), and a vertical rod A (4-3). The fixed horizontal shaft A (4-1) is installed in a fixed wheel A (4-4) on the top plate (2), and the movable horizontal shaft A (4-2) is installed in a rolling wheel A (4-5) on the upper surface of the bottom plate (1). Support B (5) consists of a fixed horizontal shaft B (5-1), a movable horizontal shaft B (5-2), and a vertical rod B (5-3). The fixed horizontal shaft B (5-1) is installed in a fixed wheel B (5-4) on the bottom plate (1), and the movable horizontal shaft B (5-2) is installed in a rolling wheel B (5-5) on the lower surface of the top plate (2). 3) A connecting shaft (4-6) is provided in the middle part, and a connecting hole (5-6) is provided in the middle part of the longitudinal rod B (5-3). The connecting shaft (4-6) is inserted into the connecting hole (5-6); the fixed wheel A (4-4) is set at both ends of the fixed horizontal shaft A (4-1), the rolling wheel A (4-5) is set at both ends of the moving horizontal shaft A (4-2), and the outer side of the rolling wheel A (4-5) is provided with an anti-detachment plate A (4-7); the fixed wheel B (5-4) is set in the middle of the fixed horizontal shaft B (5-1), the rolling wheel B (5-5) is set in the middle of the moving horizontal shaft B (5-2), and the outer side of the moving horizontal shaft B (5-2) is provided with an anti-detachment plate B (5-7).

2. The measuring instrument for measuring the size of crack misalignment in concrete structures according to claim 1, characterized in that... The main measuring wheel (8), the driven measuring wheel (9) and the wheel axle (11) are fixed together. The two ends of the wheel axle (11) are connected to the top plate through the bearing seat (12). The wheel rim surfaces of the main measuring wheel (8) and the driven measuring wheel (9) are provided with teeth. The vertical measuring rod (6) is fixed on the base plate (1). The longitudinal axis of the vertical measuring rod (6) is perpendicular to the plane of the base plate (1). The vertical measuring rod (6) has teeth on the side surface that contacts the main measuring wheel (8). The teeth of the vertical measuring rod (6) mesh with the teeth of the main measuring wheel (8). The horizontal measuring rod (7) is installed in the measuring rod groove (13) of the panel (3). The longitudinal axis of the horizontal measuring rod (7) is parallel to the plane of the panel (3). The lower surface of the horizontal measuring rod (7) that contacts the driven measuring wheel (9) is provided with teeth. The teeth of the horizontal measuring rod (7) mesh with the teeth of the driven measuring wheel (9).

3. The measuring instrument for measuring the size of crack misalignment in concrete structures according to claim 1, characterized in that... The panel (3) is attached to the upper part of the top plate (2). The panel (3) is provided with a measuring rod groove (13). The top surface of the panel (3) on one side of the measuring rod groove (13) is provided with a scale (14). The upper surface of the flat measuring rod (7) is engraved with an indicator arrow (15). The middle of the two side walls of the measuring rod groove (13) is provided with a groove (16). The groove (16) fits into the protrusions (17) on both sides of the flat measuring rod (7). The panel (3) and the top plate (2) are provided with square through holes (18) above the main measuring wheel (8) and the secondary measuring wheel (9).

4. The measuring instrument for measuring the size of crack misalignment in concrete structures according to claim 1, characterized in that... The radius of the main measuring wheel (8) is r 1. The radius of the measuring wheel (9) is r 2; The change in distance between the top plate (2) and the bottom plate (1) is Δ l 1. The change in the scale value pointed to by the indicator arrow (15) on the flat measuring rod (7) is Δ l 2, then Δ l 2 and Δ l The relationship between 1 and Δ is: l 2=Δ l 1× r 2 / r 1; Settings r 2> r 1, then Δ l 2>Δ l 1. The scale (14) on the panel (3) is divided by the actual size on the panel (3). r 2 / r The value after 1 is marked; the front end of the panel (3) is provided with a probe (10), the end of the probe (10) is set in a hemispherical shape, and the bottom plate (1) is provided with 4 support feet (19), the ends of the support feet (19) are all set in a hemispherical shape.

5. The method of applying the measuring instrument for measuring the size of crack misalignment in concrete structures as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The steps are as follows: Step (1): Select a suitable location for measuring the misalignment of the crack (20); Step (2): Open the distance between the top plate (2) and the bottom plate (1) to the maximum; Step (3): Place the base plate (1) on the structural surface of the side of the crack (20) that is not raised, and place the probe (10) against the structural surface of the side of the crack (20) that is raised; Step (4): Press the top plate (2) down slowly. Stop pressing when the probe (10) hits the surface of the structure. Read the scale value indicated by the indicator arrow (15). Step (5): After the measurement is completed, put the measuring instrument back into the instrument box.

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