Crane girder detection method and system

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of crane girder detection method and system, crane is adjusted to empty load state, marks left end point, center point and right end point on crane girder;Laser leveling instrument is deployed in the position of being convenient for observing main beam left end point, main beam center point, main beam right end point;Laser range finder is aimed at main beam center point and is measured and calculated to obtain the empty load vertical distance of main beam center point;Laser range finder is aimed at left end point and is measured and calculated to obtain the vertical distance of main beam left end point;Laser range finder is aimed at right end point and is measured and calculated to obtain the vertical distance of main beam right end point;Judge whether it is high, and calculate to obtain the camber of main beam;Rated load is applied to crane, and the vertical distance of center point under rated load is measured and calculated;According to main beam camber and vertical distance, the deflection of main beam is calculated.The precision detection and data traceability of crane girder key parameters are realized, high in accuracy, strong in adaptability, improve detection efficiency and detection accuracy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of crane inspection technology, and in particular to a method and system for inspecting the main beam of a crane. Background Technology

[0002] As a core lifting equipment in industrial production and logistics transportation, the crane's main beam, as the primary load-bearing structural component, directly determines the equipment's operational stability, load-bearing safety, and operational accuracy through its camber and deflection parameters. According to the supplementary inspection requirements for the initial inspection in the "Rules for Periodic Inspection of Lifting Machinery," the initial inspection of a crane requires passing performance tests such as rated load tests and static load tests. The focus is on verifying key indicators such as the vertical static deflection of the main beam to ensure it meets design specifications and safety standards. Specifically, the vertical static deflection of cranes with low positioning accuracy requirements should not exceed S / 500, medium positioning accuracy cranes should not exceed S / 750, and high positioning accuracy cranes should not exceed S / 1000. The deflection at the cantilever end should not exceed 1 / 350 of the effective cantilever length, where S is the main beam span.

[0003] Traditional testing methods also have several problems: First, some testing equipment is bulky and poorly portable, making it difficult to deploy flexibly in complex working spaces such as crane main beams and cantilever sections. This is especially true for large bridge / gantry cranes, where the difficulty of setting up measurement points and collecting data increases significantly. Second, most testing systems are single-parameter measuring devices, lacking the ability to simultaneously collect and analyze crane main beam camber and deflection data in real time. This makes it impossible to quickly generate test reports that meet inspection standards, resulting in low inspection efficiency and failing to meet the standardized operating requirements of special equipment inspection agencies. Third, traditional testing methods are computationally complex and lack sufficient data storage and traceability capabilities, making it impossible to record the entire testing process. When disputes arise regarding test results, it is difficult to provide complete data support, which does not meet the management requirements for long-term preservation of crane inspection data. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, this invention proposes a method and system for detecting the main beam of a crane, which solves the problems of cumbersome operation, insufficient accuracy, and poor environmental adaptability of traditional detection methods. It achieves accurate detection and data traceability of key parameters of the main beam of the crane, with high accuracy and strong adaptability, thereby improving detection efficiency and accuracy.

[0005] On one hand, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for detecting the main beam of a crane, including: Adjust the crane to an unloaded state, and mark the left endpoint A, center point O and right endpoint E on the main beam of the crane. The center point O is the midpoint of the span of the main beam of the crane, and the left endpoint A and right endpoint E are the ultimate stress points at both ends of the main beam of the crane. Deploy the laser leveling instrument at a position that facilitates observation of the left end point A, the center point O, and the right end point E of the main beam. Start the laser leveling instrument to emit a stable laser beam, and adjust the angle and position of the laser leveling instrument so that the laser beam forms a reference horizontal line. The laser rangefinder is aimed at the center point O of the main beam for measurement. Based on the measured oblique distance L1 and horizontal angle θ1, the unloaded vertical distance H of the center point O of the main beam is calculated using the main beam height calculation formula. o ; Keeping the baseline horizontal line unchanged, aim the laser rangefinder at the left endpoint A and measure. Based on the measured oblique distance L2 and horizontal angle θ2, calculate the vertical distance H2 of the left endpoint A of the main beam using the main beam height calculation formula. Aim the laser rangefinder at the right endpoint E and measure. Based on the measured oblique distance L3 and horizontal angle θ3, calculate the vertical distance H3 of the right endpoint E of the main beam using the main beam height calculation formula. If the difference between vertical distances H2 and H3 is less than or equal to the error threshold, the left endpoint A and right endpoint E of the main beam are determined to be at the same height; otherwise, they are determined to be at different heights. If they are determined to be at the same height, the camber of the main beam is calculated using the formula for calculating the camber of the main beam. If they are determined to be at different heights, the left endpoint A and right endpoint E of the main beam are made to be at the same height, and the vertical distance H corresponding to the unified reference plane is calculated. PQ The camber of the main beam is calculated using the formula for calculating the camber of the main beam with unequal height. Apply the rated load to the crane, ensuring uniform load distribution. After the main beam of the crane stabilizes under stress, keep the baseline horizontal line and the markings at each measuring point unchanged. Then, calculate the oblique distance L obtained from the measurements. loan and the horizontal angle θ loan The vertical distance H from the center point O under the rated load is calculated. load ; Based on the main beam arch H c and vertical distance H load The deflection of the main beam was calculated.

[0006] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the formula for calculating the height of the main beam is as follows: H = L × sinθ; In the formula, H is the height of the main beam, L is the distance between the diagonal lines, and θ is the horizontal angle.

[0007] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the formula for calculating the camber of the main beam is as follows: H c = H o - H2; In the formula, H c Main beam camber, H oH1 is the unloaded vertical distance from the center point O of the main beam, and H2 is the vertical distance from the left end point A of the main beam.

[0008] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the formula for calculating the unequal camber of the main beam is as follows: H c = H o - H PQ ; In the formula, H c Main beam camber, H o H is the unloaded vertical distance from the center point O of the main beam. PQ To unify the vertical distance corresponding to the reference surface.

[0009] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the step of determining the camber H of the main beam is... c and vertical distance H load The main beam deflection was calculated, including: If the left end point A and the right end point E of the main beam are at the same height, the deflection of the main beam is calculated using the deflection equal-height calculation formula, which is: H d = H c - (H load - H2); In the formula, H d Main beam deflection, H c Main beam camber, H load H1 is the vertical distance from the center point O under rated load, and H2 is the vertical distance from the left end point A of the main beam. If the left end point A and the right end point E of the main beam are not at the same height, the deflection of the main beam is calculated using the deflection unequal height calculation formula, which is as follows: H d = H c - (H load - H PQ ); In the formula, H d Main beam deflection, H c Main beam camber, H load H is the vertical distance from the center point O under rated load. PQ To unify the vertical distance corresponding to the reference surface.

[0010] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the equal-height treatment of the left end point A and the right end point E of the main beam includes: Move the left endpoint A horizontally to the corresponding position of the right endpoint to obtain the virtual endpoint E*. Move the right endpoint E horizontally to the corresponding position of the left endpoint to obtain the virtual endpoint A*. Take the average value H1 of the vertical distances H2 and H3, and set the vertical distance H corresponding to the unified reference plane. PQ It equals H1, forming a unified reference surface.

[0011] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the step of determining the camber H of the main beam is... c and vertical distance H load After calculating the deflection of the main beam, the following steps are also included: Perform data verification to determine whether the measured oblique distance and included angle data are reasonable and whether the calculation results meet the deflection limit of the crane; If the data is abnormal, an alarm will be issued and the corresponding point will be measured again.

[0012] According to some embodiments of the present invention, after the data verification step, the method further includes: The diagonal distance, included angle data, calculation results, and environmental parameters are encrypted to generate a hash value, which is then uploaded to the consortium blockchain based on the Hyperledger Fabric architecture and a timestamp is attached. The test data is integrated and a test report is generated in accordance with the format required by the test specifications. The test report contains a blockchain QR code for regulatory agencies to verify the immutability of the data.

[0013] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the method further includes: A time series prediction model is trained based on historical test data, which includes span S, load history, environmental parameters and material fatigue coefficient. The time series prediction model adopts an ARIMA model or a neural network model. The time series prediction model is used to predict and analyze the deflection trend of the main beam, and outputs the future deflection change curve of the crane main beam and the over-limit warning signal.

[0014] On the other hand, embodiments of the present invention provide a crane main beam inspection system for implementing the above-mentioned crane main beam inspection method, comprising: A laser leveling instrument, comprising a laser level and a support, wherein the laser level is mounted on the support; A laser rangefinder, comprising a rangefinder body, a laser emission port, and a support and adjustment module, wherein the rangefinder body is mounted on the support and adjustment module, and the laser emission port is located on one side of the rangefinder body; An observation module, comprising an observation amplifier and a rotating base, wherein the observation amplifier is mounted on the rotating base; A data processor is electrically connected to the laser leveling instrument, the laser rangefinder, and the observation module, respectively. The data processor is used to control the laser leveling instrument and the laser rangefinder to perform measurements and process the measurement data. The intelligent terminal includes a computing module and a display module, the computing module being electrically connected to the display module, the computing module including a height determination unit and a machine learning prediction unit, the machine learning prediction unit being used for main beam deflection trend analysis, and the computing module being wirelessly connected to the data processor.

[0015] The embodiments of the present invention have at least the following beneficial effects: This invention provides a method and system for detecting and measuring the camber and deflection of a crane main beam, addressing the shortcomings of traditional detection methods in terms of portability, accuracy, efficiency, and data traceability. A stable horizontal baseline is provided by a laser level, and a laser rangefinder accurately collects distance and angle data. Combined with the alignment and calibration function of the observation amplifier, measurement errors are effectively reduced, ensuring the accuracy of parameter measurements and improving detection precision to meet the testing requirements of cranes with various positioning accuracy requirements. It can be flexibly deployed in complex working spaces such as the main beam and cantilever, offering strong portability. It supports the synchronous acquisition of camber and deflection data of the main beam, enabling real-time calculation and analysis, and quickly generating compliant inspection reports, thus improving inspection efficiency. Through parameter measurement under crane no-load and rated load conditions, combined with a dual-scenario adaptive calculation model with equal or unequal endpoint heights, the camber and deflection of the crane main beam are accurately obtained. Corresponding measurement and calculation schemes are designed for both equal and unequal end-point height scenarios of the main beam, adaptable to different testing needs and with a wide range of applications. It features intelligent prediction and distributed measurement capabilities, supporting long-term safety status monitoring and multi-point collaborative detection of the crane's main beam, thus providing support for the crane's full lifecycle management.

[0016] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which: Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a crane main beam inspection method according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the measurement of the equal height of both ends of the main beam of a crane in the crane main beam detection method according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the measurement of unequal heights at both ends of the crane main beam in the crane main beam detection method according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the crane main beam detection system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure label: Laser leveling instrument 100, laser rangefinder 200, observation module 300, data processor 400, crane main beam 500, intelligent terminal 600. Detailed Implementation

[0019] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0020] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the orientation descriptions, such as up, down, front, back, left, right, etc., are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting this invention.

[0021] In the description of this invention, "several" means one or more, "multiple" means two or more, "greater than," "less than," "exceeding," etc. are understood to exclude the stated number, and "above," "below," "within," etc. are understood to include the stated number. If "first," "second," etc. are used in the description, they are only for the purpose of distinguishing technical features and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features or the order of the indicated technical features.

[0022] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly defined, the terms "setting", "installing", "connecting" and "linking" should be interpreted broadly, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention in conjunction with the specific content of the technical solution.

[0023] The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0024] Please see Figure 1 This embodiment provides a method for detecting the main beam of a crane, mainly including steps S101~S107: S101. Adjust the crane to an unloaded state and mark the left endpoint A, center point O and right endpoint E on the main beam 500 of the crane. The center point O is the midpoint of the span of the main beam 500 of the crane, and the left endpoint A and right endpoint E are the ultimate stress points at both ends of the main beam 500 of the crane.

[0025] S102. Deploy the laser leveling instrument 100 at a position that facilitates observation of the left end point A, the center point O, and the right end point E of the main beam. Start the laser leveling instrument 100 to emit a stable laser beam. Adjust the angle and position of the laser leveling instrument 100 so that the laser beam forms a reference horizontal line.

[0026] S103. Align the laser rangefinder 200 with the center point O of the main beam and measure the distance L1 along the oblique line and the horizontal angle θ1 obtained from the measurement. Calculate the unloaded vertical distance H of the center point O of the main beam using the main beam height calculation formula. o .

[0027] S104. Keeping the baseline horizontal line unchanged, align the laser rangefinder 200 with the left endpoint A and measure it. Based on the measured oblique distance L2 and horizontal angle θ2, calculate the vertical distance H2 of the left endpoint A of the main beam using the main beam height calculation formula. Align the laser rangefinder 200 with the right endpoint E and measure it. Based on the measured oblique distance L3 and horizontal angle θ3, calculate the vertical distance H3 of the right endpoint E of the main beam using the main beam height calculation formula.

[0028] S105. If the difference between vertical distance H2 and vertical distance H3 is less than or equal to the error threshold, then the left endpoint A and the right endpoint E of the main beam are determined to be at the same height; otherwise, they are determined to be at different heights. If they are determined to be at the same height, the camber of the main beam is calculated using the camber equal-height calculation formula. If they are determined to be at different heights, the left endpoint A and the right endpoint E of the main beam are made to be at the same height, and the vertical distance H corresponding to the unified reference plane is calculated. PQ The camber of the main beam is calculated using the camber unequal height calculation formula.

[0029] S106. Apply the rated load to the crane, ensuring uniform load distribution. After the main beam of the crane stabilizes under stress at 500 mm, keep the reference horizontal line and the markings of each measuring point unchanged. Based on the measured oblique distance L... loan and the horizontal angle θ loan The vertical distance H from the center point O under the rated load is calculated. load .

[0030] S107, Based on the main beam camber H c and vertical distance H load The deflection of the main beam was calculated.

[0031] In some embodiments of the present invention, the formula for calculating the height of the main beam is as follows: H = L × sinθ; In the formula, H is the height of the main beam, L is the distance between the diagonal lines, and θ is the horizontal angle.

[0032] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the formula for calculating the camber of the main beam is as follows: H c = H o - H2; In the formula, H c Main beam camber, H o H1 is the unloaded vertical distance from the center point O of the main beam, and H2 is the vertical distance from the left end point A of the main beam. The formula for calculating the unequal camber of the main beam is: H c = H o - H PQ ; In the formula, H c Main beam camber, H o H is the unloaded vertical distance from the center point O of the main beam. PQ To unify the vertical distance corresponding to the reference surface.

[0033] In some embodiments of the present invention, based on the camber H of the main beam c and vertical distance H load The main beam deflection was calculated, including: If the left end point A and the right end point E of the main beam are at the same height, the deflection of the main beam can be calculated using the deflection height equalization calculation formula. The deflection height equalization calculation formula is as follows: H d = H c - (H load - H2); In the formula, H d Main beam deflection, H c Main beam camber, H load H1 is the vertical distance from the center point O under rated load, and H2 is the vertical distance from the left end point A of the main beam. If the left end point A and the right end point E of the main beam are not at the same height, the deflection of the main beam is calculated using the deflection calculation formula for unequal heights. The deflection calculation formula for unequal heights is as follows: H d = H c - (H load - H PQ ); In the formula, H d Main beam deflection, H c Main beam camber, H load H is the vertical distance from the center point O under rated load. PQ To unify the vertical distance corresponding to the reference surface.

[0034] In some embodiments of the present invention, the left end point A and the right end point E of the main beam are treated to be at the same height, including: Move the left endpoint A horizontally to the corresponding position of the right endpoint to obtain the virtual endpoint E*. Move the right endpoint E horizontally to the corresponding position of the left endpoint to obtain the virtual endpoint A*. Take the average value H1 of the vertical distances H2 and H3, and set the vertical distance H corresponding to the unified reference plane. PQ It equals H1, forming a unified reference surface.

[0035] In some embodiments of the present invention, based on the camber H of the main beam c and vertical distance H load After calculating the deflection of the main beam, the following steps are also included: Perform data verification to determine whether the measured oblique distance and included angle data are reasonable and whether the calculation results meet the deflection limit of the crane; If the data is abnormal, an alarm will be issued and the corresponding point will be measured again.

[0036] In some embodiments of the present invention, after the data verification step, the method further includes: The diagonal distance, included angle data, calculation results, and environmental parameters are encrypted to generate a hash value, which is then uploaded to the consortium blockchain based on the Hyperledger Fabric architecture and a timestamp is attached. The test data is integrated and a test report is generated in accordance with the format required by the testing specifications. The test report includes a blockchain QR code for regulatory agencies to verify the immutability of the data.

[0037] In some embodiments of the present invention, the above-described crane main beam detection method further includes a multi-level deflection trend prediction step: The time series prediction model is trained based on historical test data, which includes span S, load history, environmental parameters and material fatigue coefficient. The time series prediction model adopts either the ARIMA model or the neural network model. The deflection trend of the main beam is predicted and analyzed using a time series prediction model, and the future deflection change curve of the crane main beam 500 and the over-limit warning signal are output.

[0038] Please see Figure 4 This embodiment discloses a crane main beam inspection system for implementing the above-mentioned crane main beam inspection method, including: Laser level 100, which includes a laser level and a bracket, with the laser level mounted on the bracket; The laser rangefinder 200 includes a rangefinder body, a laser emission port, and a support and adjustment module. The rangefinder body is mounted on the support and adjustment module, and the laser emission port is located on one side of the rangefinder body. The observation module 300 includes an observation amplifier and a rotating base, with the observation amplifier mounted on the rotating base. The data processor 400 is electrically connected to the laser leveling instrument 100, the laser rangefinder 200 and the observation module 300 respectively. The data processor 400 is used to control the laser leveling instrument 100 and the laser rangefinder 200 to perform measurements and process the measurement data. The intelligent terminal 600 includes a computing module and a display module, which are electrically connected. The computing module includes a height determination unit and a machine learning prediction unit. The machine learning prediction unit is used for main beam deflection trend analysis. The computing module is wirelessly connected to the data processor 400.

[0039] The laser level 100 provides a stable horizontal reference point for distance measurement, offering a unified reference standard. The laser rangefinder 200, with its dual function of measuring oblique distance and horizontal angle, is the core data acquisition component. The observation amplifier precisely calibrates the alignment of the laser rangefinder 200's beam tip with the measurement point, ensuring measurement accuracy. The data processor 400 transmits the acquired oblique distance and horizontal angle data to the intelligent terminal 600 in real time. The intelligent terminal 600 enables real-time data display, calculation and analysis, storage, and report generation, facilitating full traceability of the testing process. For example, the intelligent terminal 600 may be a tablet or mobile phone.

[0040] The crane main beam detection method and system provided in this embodiment will be described in detail below. The detection method specifically includes, but is not limited to, the following steps: 1. Preparation before testing (1) Check the status of each module of the detection system: confirm that the laser level 100, laser rangefinder 200, observation amplifier 300 and smart terminal 600 are working properly, the laser emission and reception functions are intact, the wireless communication link is stable, and the smart terminal can receive and process data normally.

[0041] (2) Confirm the crane's working condition: Adjust the crane to an unloaded state to ensure that the crane's main beam 500 is in an initial state without load. At the same time, record the crane's basic parameters such as span S and effective cantilever length to provide a basis for subsequent test result verification.

[0042] (3) Select measurement points: Clearly mark the left endpoint A, center point O and right endpoint E on the main beam 500 of the crane. The center point O is the midpoint of the span, and the left endpoint A and right endpoint E are the ultimate stress points at both ends of the main beam. The markings must be clear and not easily fall off to ensure that the target points do not deviate during the measurement process.

[0043] 2. Establishing a baseline Deploy the laser leveling instrument 100 at a location that facilitates observation of the left end point A, center point O, and right end point E of the main beam. Start the laser leveling instrument 100 to emit a stable laser beam. Adjust the instrument angle and position so that the laser beam forms a horizontal line of the horizontal distance measurement reference point. This horizontal line must cover the vertical projection range of all measurement points to ensure that the reference reference of each measurement point is consistent.

[0044] 3. Data acquisition under no-load conditions (1) Center point O measurement: Align the laser rangefinder 200 with the center point O of the main beam, adjust the position of the laser rangefinder 200 so that the reference horizontal line on the laser rangefinder 200 coincides with the reference horizontal line emitted by the laser leveling instrument 100; observe the beam terminal of the laser rangefinder 200 through the observation amplifier until it is precisely aligned with the center point O, ensuring that the laser beam is perpendicular to the plane of the main beam; record the oblique distance L1 and the horizontal angle θ1 measured by the laser rangefinder 200, and calculate the unloaded vertical distance H of the center point O of the main beam using the main beam height calculation formula. o .

[0045] (2) Measurement of left endpoint A: Keep the baseline horizontal line unchanged, align the laser rangefinder 200 with the left endpoint A, repeat the above alignment operation, record the oblique distance L2 and the horizontal angle θ2, and calculate the vertical distance H2 of the left endpoint A of the main beam using the main beam height calculation formula.

[0046] (3) Measurement of the right end point E: Align the laser rangefinder 200 with the right end point E. After completing the alignment and calibration, record the oblique distance L3 and the horizontal angle θ3. Calculate the vertical distance H3 of the right end point E of the main beam using the main beam height calculation formula.

[0047] 4. Determining and handling equal heights at both endpoints (1) Equal height judgment: The preset error threshold is ≤ ±0.1mm. Compare the values ​​of H2 and H3. If the difference between H2 and H3 is within the allowable error range, the left endpoint A and the right endpoint E are judged to be equal in height. If the difference exceeds the allowable error range, they are judged to be unequal in height.

[0048] (2) Unequal height processing: If it is determined that the height is unequal, the left endpoint A and the right endpoint E are processed to equalize the height, and virtual endpoints E* and A* are generated. The average value H1 of the vertical distance H2 and the vertical distance H3 is taken, and the vertical distance H corresponding to the unified reference plane is set. PQ If the height is equal to H1, a unified reference surface is formed; if it is determined to be equal in height, then H1=H2 or H1=H3 is set directly.

[0049] 5. Calculation of main beam camber Calculate the camber of the main beam using the following formula: H c = H o - H1, After the calculation is completed, the main beam camber data is saved and displayed in the display module of the smart terminal.

[0050] 6. Data acquisition under rated load conditions (1) Apply rated load: In accordance with the requirements of the periodic inspection rules for lifting machinery, apply the rated load to the crane to ensure that the load is evenly distributed. After the main beam of the crane is stable under stress, that is, after the load is applied, let it stand for 5-10 minutes before entering the data acquisition stage.

[0051] (2) Remeasurement of center point O: Keep the baseline horizontal line, laser rangefinder 200 and the markings of each measurement point unchanged, only switch the crane working condition to rated load, repeat the measurement process of center point O in step 3, and record the oblique distance L. loan and the horizontal angle θ loan The vertical distance H from the center point O under the rated load is calculated. load .

[0052] (3) Endpoint data reuse: The vertical distance H2 of the left end point A and the vertical distance H3 of the right end point E remain unchanged under the rated load condition. The stress deformation of the main beam end point can be ignored. The H2 and H3 data collected under the no-load condition can be directly reused without repeated measurement.

[0053] 7. Calculation of main beam deflection Calculate the main beam deflection using the following formula: H d = H c - (H load - H1); After the calculation is completed, the main beam deflection data is saved and displayed in the display module of the smart terminal.

[0054] 8. Data Validation and Report Generation (1) Data verification: Automatically verify whether the collected distance and angle data are reasonable, such as whether the distance data is within the measurement range and whether the angle data conforms to geometric logic, and whether the calculation results meet the deflection limit of the crane. If the data is abnormal, an alarm prompt will be issued, and the corresponding point needs to be measured again. Specifically, verify whether the oblique distance is within the 5-50m range, whether the angle is between 0-90°, and whether the calculation results meet the standard limit (such as S / 1000).

[0055] (2) Report generation: After the data verification is passed, all data in the testing process are integrated, including working condition parameters, original measurement data, calculation results and height judgment results. The test report is generated in the format required by the periodic inspection rules for lifting machinery. The test report can be exported or archived to realize long-term traceability of test data.

[0056] For example, the test report includes: Header information: Crane model, span, inspection date, operator.

[0057] Data section: Raw data under no-load and rated load conditions (slant distance, horizontal angle, height), camber, and deflection values.

[0058] Extended content: Environmental parameter records, trend prediction curves, 3D deflection distribution maps, and blockchain hash value QR codes.

[0059] It should be noted that after the data validation step, the following may also be included: The diagonal distance, included angle data, calculation results, and environmental parameters are encrypted to generate a hash value, which is then uploaded to a consortium blockchain based on the Hyperledger Fabric architecture, along with a timestamp. Data encryption uses the AES-256 algorithm, and the hash algorithm is SHA-256. The consortium blockchain nodes include testing agencies, equipment manufacturers, and regulatory authorities, sharing a ledger to ensure transparency. Testing data is integrated and a testing report is generated according to the required format. The report includes a blockchain QR code for regulatory agencies to verify the data's immutability. During querying, scanning the report's QR code allows traceability of the entire data process, and any modification will result in a change in the hash value, achieving tamper-proof protection.

[0060] A time-series prediction model is trained based on historical inspection data, including span S, load history, environmental parameters, and material fatigue coefficients. The time-series prediction model employs either an ARIMA model or a neural network model. The model is then used to predict and analyze the deflection trend of the main beam, outputting the future deflection curve of the crane's main beam at 500 mm and an over-limit warning signal.

[0061] The analysis of the main beam deflection trend prediction is further explained below: (1) Algorithm implementation: The smart terminal has a built-in Python computing engine, uses the statsmodels library to fit the ARIMA model (parameters are optimized through grid search), or uses TensorFlow Lite to deploy a lightweight neural network. Input features include: span S, current deflection value, historical deflection sequence (at least 3 points), average load intensity, and average ambient temperature and humidity.

[0062] (2) Output example: Predict the change in main beam deflection in the next 90 days. If it exceeds the limit by 80%, a yellow warning will be triggered. If it exceeds 90%, a red warning will be triggered, and the inspection personnel will be notified.

[0063] 9. Test completed Turn off the power to instruments such as the laser leveling instrument 100 and the laser rangefinder 200, remove the measurement marks, clean up the inspection site, and complete the inspection of the camber and deflection of the main beam 500 of the crane.

[0064] It should be noted that distributed measurement expansion is supported for large cranes. Multiple laser rangefinders (200 units) can be deployed at different points on the main beam, and measurements can be triggered synchronously via wireless networking. After aligning the measurement data, a three-dimensional deflection distribution map is generated through interpolation, with color coding indicating the deformation gradient; for example, blue represents low deflection and red represents high deflection.

[0065] This invention provides a method and system for detecting and measuring the camber and deflection of a crane main beam, addressing the shortcomings of traditional detection methods in terms of portability, accuracy, efficiency, and data traceability. A three-layer architecture of "hardware integration + software algorithm + network communication" is adopted to construct a complete detection system. The hardware layer, with a laser leveling instrument 100 and a laser rangefinder 200 as its core, provides a high-precision measurement foundation. The software layer uses a smart terminal to realize data calculation, scene determination, and report generation. The network layer relies on a wireless communication module to realize device linkage and data transmission. By measuring parameters under crane no-load and rated load conditions, combined with a dual-scene (endpoint equal / unequal height) adaptive calculation model, the camber and deflection of the crane main beam 500 are accurately obtained. Lightweight and integrated design improves the deployment flexibility of the detection system in complex spaces such as the top of the main beam and the cantilever end. Synchronous acquisition, real-time calculation, and automatic analysis of camber and deflection parameters are achieved, reducing human intervention and ensuring data reliability. Through collaboration between the smart terminal and the cloud, instant verification of detection data, standardized report generation, and long-term reliable storage are realized, meeting regulatory requirements. It features intelligent prediction and distributed measurement capabilities, supporting long-term safety status monitoring and multi-point collaborative detection of the crane's main beam 500, providing support for the crane's full lifecycle management.

[0066] The embodiments of the present invention have the following beneficial effects: 1. High detection accuracy: The laser level 100 provides a stable horizontal reference line, and the laser rangefinder 200 accurately collects distance and angle data. Combined with the alignment and calibration function of the observation amplifier, the measurement error is effectively reduced, ensuring the accuracy of parameter measurement and meeting the detection requirements of cranes with various positioning accuracy.

[0067] 2. Convenient and efficient operation: The inspection system can be flexibly deployed in complex working spaces such as main beams and cantilever beams, and is highly portable; it supports the synchronous acquisition of main beam camber and deflection data, and realizes real-time calculation and analysis through intelligent terminals to quickly generate inspection reports that meet the standards, greatly improving inspection efficiency.

[0068] 3. Strong environmental adaptability: For two actual scenarios where the two ends of the main beam are at the same height and different heights, corresponding measurement and calculation schemes have been designed, which can adapt to the testing needs under different working conditions and have a wide range of applications.

[0069] 4. Complete data traceability: Real-time transmission and storage of test data are achieved through wireless communication modules and smart terminals, fully recording parameters, operating conditions and calculation results of the entire test process. Sufficient data support can be provided when there is a dispute over the test results, which meets the management requirements for long-term preservation of crane inspection data.

[0070] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for inspecting the main beam of a crane, characterized in that, include: Adjust the crane to an unloaded state, and mark the left endpoint A, center point O and right endpoint E on the main beam of the crane. The center point O is the midpoint of the span of the main beam of the crane, and the left endpoint A and right endpoint E are the ultimate stress points at both ends of the main beam of the crane. Deploy the laser leveling instrument at a position that facilitates observation of the left end point A, the center point O, and the right end point E of the main beam. Start the laser leveling instrument to emit a stable laser beam, and adjust the angle and position of the laser leveling instrument so that the laser beam forms a reference horizontal line. The laser rangefinder is aimed at the center point O of the main beam for measurement. Based on the measured oblique distance L1 and horizontal angle θ1, the unloaded vertical distance H of the center point O of the main beam is calculated using the main beam height calculation formula. o ; Keeping the baseline horizontal line unchanged, aim the laser rangefinder at the left endpoint A and measure. Based on the measured oblique distance L2 and horizontal angle θ2, calculate the vertical distance H2 of the left endpoint A of the main beam using the main beam height calculation formula. Aim the laser rangefinder at the right endpoint E and measure. Based on the measured oblique distance L3 and horizontal angle θ3, calculate the vertical distance H3 of the right endpoint E of the main beam using the main beam height calculation formula. If the difference between the vertical distance H2 and the vertical distance H3 is less than or equal to the error threshold, then the left end point A and the right end point E of the main beam are determined to be at the same height; otherwise, they are determined to be at different heights. If the beams are determined to be at the same height, the camber of the main beam is calculated using the formula for calculating the camber of the main beam at the same height. If the heights are determined to be unequal, the left endpoint A and right endpoint E of the main beam are made to be of equal height, and the vertical distance H corresponding to the unified reference plane is calculated. PQ The camber of the main beam is calculated using the formula for calculating the camber of the main beam with unequal height. Apply the rated load to the crane, ensuring uniform load distribution. After the main beam of the crane stabilizes under stress, keep the baseline horizontal line and the markings at each measuring point unchanged. Then, calculate the oblique distance L obtained from the measurements. loan and the horizontal angle θ loan The vertical distance H from the center point O under the rated load is calculated. load ; Based on the main beam arch H c and vertical distance H load The deflection of the main beam was calculated.

2. The crane main beam inspection method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the height of the main beam is: H = L× sinθ i ; In the formula, H is the height of the main beam, L is the distance between the diagonal lines, and θ is the horizontal angle.

3. The crane main beam inspection method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the camber of the main beam is as follows: H c = H o - H2; In the formula, H c Main beam camber, H o H1 is the unloaded vertical distance from the center point O of the main beam, and H2 is the vertical distance from the left end point A of the main beam.

4. The crane main beam inspection method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the unequal camber of the main beam is as follows: H c = H o - H PQ ; In the formula, H c Main beam camber, H o H is the unloaded vertical distance from the center point O of the main beam. PQ To unify the vertical distance corresponding to the reference surface.

5. The crane main beam inspection method according to claim 4, characterized in that, According to the main beam camber H c and vertical distance H load The main beam deflection was calculated, including: If the left end point A and the right end point E of the main beam are at the same height, the deflection of the main beam is calculated using the deflection equal-height calculation formula, which is: H d = H c - (H load - H2); In the formula, H d Main beam deflection, H c Main beam camber, H load H1 is the vertical distance from the center point O under rated load, and H2 is the vertical distance from the left end point A of the main beam. If the left end point A and the right end point E of the main beam are not at the same height, the deflection of the main beam is calculated using the deflection unequal height calculation formula, which is as follows: H d = H c - (H load - H PQ ); In the formula, H d Main beam deflection, H c Main beam camber, H load H is the vertical distance from the center point O under rated load. PQ To unify the vertical distance corresponding to the reference surface.

6. The crane main beam inspection method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of equalizing the height of the left end point A and the right end point E of the main beam includes: Move the left endpoint A horizontally to the corresponding position of the right endpoint to obtain the virtual endpoint E*. Move the right endpoint E horizontally to the corresponding position of the left endpoint to obtain the virtual endpoint A*. Take the average value H1 of the vertical distances H2 and H3, and set the vertical distance H corresponding to the unified reference plane. PQ It equals H1, forming a unified reference surface.

7. The crane main beam inspection method according to claim 1, characterized in that, According to the main beam camber H c and vertical distance H load After calculating the deflection of the main beam, the following steps are also included: Perform data verification to determine whether the measured oblique distance and included angle data are reasonable and whether the calculation results meet the deflection limit of the crane; If the data is abnormal, an alarm will be issued and the corresponding point will be measured again.

8. The crane main beam inspection method according to claim 7, characterized in that, Following the data verification step, the method further includes: The diagonal distance, included angle data, calculation results, and environmental parameters are encrypted to generate a hash value, which is then uploaded to the consortium blockchain based on the Hyperledger Fabric architecture and a timestamp is attached. The test data is integrated and a test report is generated in accordance with the format required by the test specifications. The test report contains a blockchain QR code for regulatory agencies to verify the immutability of the data.

9. The crane main beam inspection method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The method further includes: A time series prediction model is trained based on historical test data, which includes span S, load history, environmental parameters and material fatigue coefficient. The time series prediction model adopts an ARIMA model or a neural network model. The time series prediction model is used to predict and analyze the deflection trend of the main beam, and outputs the future deflection change curve of the crane main beam and the over-limit warning signal.

10. A crane main beam inspection system, used to implement the crane main beam inspection method as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, include: A laser leveling instrument, comprising a laser level and a support, wherein the laser level is mounted on the support; A laser rangefinder, comprising a rangefinder body, a laser emission port, and a support and adjustment module, wherein the rangefinder body is mounted on the support and adjustment module, and the laser emission port is located on one side of the rangefinder body; An observation module, comprising an observation amplifier and a rotating base, wherein the observation amplifier is mounted on the rotating base; A data processor is electrically connected to the laser leveling instrument, the laser rangefinder, and the observation module, respectively. The data processor is used to control the laser leveling instrument and the laser rangefinder to perform measurements and process the measurement data. The intelligent terminal includes a computing module and a display module, the computing module being electrically connected to the display module, the computing module including a height determination unit and a machine learning prediction unit, the machine learning prediction unit being used for main beam deflection trend analysis, and the computing module being wirelessly connected to the data processor.

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