Method and system for monitoring the tilt deformation of high-rise load-bearing structures in the electric power industry

Abstract

This invention provides a highly reliable, field-verifiable method and apparatus for monitoring the tilt deformation of tall load-bearing structures in the power industry, capable of distinguishing tilt deformation types. It relates to the field of tilt deformation monitoring technology for tall load-bearing structures in the power industry. The method includes acquiring satellite positioning data and tilt angle at the same time stamp using a GNSS receiver and an inclinometer installed on the tall load-bearing structure; simultaneously, measuring the three-dimensional coordinates of the optical center point of a 360° prism installed on the tall load-bearing structure using optical measurement equipment; and determining the tilt deformation of the tall load-bearing structure based on the acquired satellite positioning data, tilt angle, and the three-dimensional coordinates of the 360° prism optical center point. This invention overcomes the shortcomings of insufficient accuracy, susceptibility to environmental interference, and long-term drift of single sensors, significantly improving the reliability and anti-interference capability of tilt deformation monitoring.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of monitoring technology for tilt deformation of tall load-bearing structures in the power industry, specifically a method and system for monitoring tilt deformation of tall load-bearing structures in the power industry. Background Technology

[0002] Tall load-bearing structures refer to tower or column-type engineering structures whose height is significantly greater than their lateral dimensions. These structures primarily bear vertical self-weight and horizontal wind loads and are highly sensitive to tilting deformation. They are mainly found in the power industry, with typical examples including transmission line towers, wind turbine towers, and communication masts. As critical infrastructure for energy transmission and signal transmission, the structural safety of these structures directly affects the stability of the power system, uninterrupted communication, and public safety. During long-term service, tall load-bearing structures are highly susceptible to tilting deformation due to factors such as uneven geological settlement, landslides, strong wind vibrations, material fatigue, and foundation softening. Failure to detect and warn of these issues in a timely manner can lead to serious accidents such as tower collapse and breakage, causing significant economic losses and social impact.

[0003] Currently, monitoring of tilt deformation in tall, load-bearing structures in the power industry primarily employs single-type sensors, such as inclinometers or Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers. However, existing monitoring technologies have the following shortcomings: (i) The accuracy and reliability of a single sensor are limited. While inclinometers can sensitively capture the instantaneous tilt angle of a structure, they suffer from significant electronic zero drift during long-term monitoring. Measurements slowly drift with equipment aging and temperature changes, leading to long-term data distortion. GNSS receivers can provide absolute three-dimensional coordinates, but their signals are easily interfered with in strong electromagnetic fields (such as power transmission towers). Furthermore, when installed on wind turbine towers or tower bodies, obstructions from rotating blades or metal components, as well as multipath effects, often cause satellite signal loss, resulting in severe data jumps and making it difficult to meet the accuracy requirements for millimeter-level deformation monitoring.

[0004] (ii) Lack of rapid on-site verification methods, resulting in a high false alarm rate.

[0005] After the existing monitoring system issues an alarm, maintenance personnel cannot quickly determine the cause: whether it is a sensor malfunction, interference from environmental factors (such as strong winds or sudden temperature changes), or actual structural deformation. Because individual sensors lack independent verification methods, alarm reliability is low, leading to largely blind and inefficient on-site verification, and even missed or false alarms, affecting maintenance decision-making.

[0006] (iii) Lack of multi-source data fusion makes it difficult to distinguish the types of deformation.

[0007] Most existing systems simply summarize data from a single sensor, failing to leverage the complementary characteristics between the high-frequency response of inclinometers and GNSS absolute position information for mutual correction and fusion calculation. Furthermore, the lack of cross-validation mechanisms based on different physical principles prevents the system from accurately distinguishing between different deformation types such as overall tilt and structural bending, resulting in low early warning accuracy and failing to meet the needs of refined safety monitoring of tall, load-bearing structures. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a highly reliable, field-verifiable monitoring method and system for tilt deformation of tall load-bearing structures in the power industry that can distinguish tilt deformation types.

[0009] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is: a method for monitoring the tilting deformation of tall load-bearing structures in the power industry, comprising the following steps: At the same timestamp, satellite positioning data and tilt angle are acquired by a GNSS receiver and an inclinometer installed on the tall load-bearing structure, respectively; at the same time, the three-dimensional coordinates of the optical center point of the 360° prism installed on the tall load-bearing structure are measured by an optical measurement device. The tilt deformation of the tall load-bearing structure is determined based on the acquired satellite positioning data, tilt angle, and three-dimensional coordinates of the 360° prism optical center point. When the tilt angles measured by the inclinometer are two mutually perpendicular horizontal directions and All exceeded the first preset threshold. The change in horizontal position measured by the GNSS receiver Exceeding the preset planar displacement warning value or elevation change Exceeding the preset elevation settlement warning value In this case, the three-dimensional coordinates of the optical center point of the 360° prism are used for cross-verification to distinguish between structural bending deformation and overall tilting deformation caused by uneven settlement of the foundation. in, ; ; , , The coordinates are the three-dimensional coordinates measured by the GNSS receiver at the current time, where , The coordinates are in the horizontal direction. Elevation coordinates; , , These are the three-dimensional reference coordinates measured by the GNSS receiver at the initial moment; The specific process of cross-validation is as follows: Calculate the change in the horizontal position of the optical center point of the 360° prism. : ; in, , The horizontal coordinates of the 360° optical center point of the prism at the current moment; , The initial horizontal reference coordinates are the optical center points of the 360° prism at the moment of origin. Calculate horizontal displacement using an inclinometer : ; in, ; The vertical height of the tall load-bearing structure from the bottom of the foundation to the location where the inclinometer is installed; when and At that time, it was determined that the overall tilting deformation was caused by uneven settlement of the foundation; when , and When the value increases synchronously with the monitoring time, it is determined to be structural bending deformation; when and At that time, it was determined that the GNSS receiver was interfered with, resulting in unreliable data, and it was still determined that the overall tilting deformation was caused by uneven settlement of the foundation. when and If the measurement of the 360° prism or the optical measuring device is deemed abnormal and the data is deemed unreliable, it is still determined to be an overall tilting deformation caused by uneven settlement of the foundation. when But neither of them is equal to If the inclinometer malfunctions, the data is deemed unreliable, and the overall tilting deformation is determined to be caused by uneven settlement of the foundation.

[0010] Furthermore, it also includes a step for determining overall planar displacement and deformation: When the tilt angle measured by the inclinometer and All are less than the first preset threshold. The change in horizontal position measured by the GNSS receiver Exceeding the preset planar displacement warning value Then, the three-dimensional coordinates of the optical center point of the 360° prism are used for verification; if the calculated change in the horizontal position of the optical center point of the 360° prism is... > If so, it is determined that the tall load-bearing structure has undergone overall planar displacement deformation.

[0011] Furthermore, it also includes steps for judging overall settlement displacement and deformation: When the tilt angle measured by the inclinometer and All are less than the first preset threshold. The elevation change measured by the GNSS receiver Exceeding the preset elevation settlement warning value Then, the three-dimensional coordinates of the optical center point of the 360° prism are used for verification: if > If so, it is determined that the tall, load-bearing structure has undergone overall settlement, displacement, and deformation; among which... ; The elevation coordinates of the 360° prism optical center point at the current moment; The initial elevation reference coordinates are the 360° optical center point of the prism.

[0012] Furthermore, it also includes steps for determining deformation caused by simultaneous planar displacement and settlement displacement: When the tilt angle measured by the inclinometer and All are less than the first preset threshold. The change in horizontal position measured by the GNSS receiver Exceeding the preset planar displacement warning value Elevation change Exceeding the preset elevation settlement warning value Then, the three-dimensional coordinates of the optical center point of the 360° prism are used for verification; if > ,and > If so, it is determined that the tall load-bearing structure is simultaneously experiencing planar displacement and settlement deformation.

[0013] Furthermore, it also includes the following steps: The Kalman filter algorithm is used, with the high-frequency sampling data of the inclinometer as the prediction input of the state equation, and the low-frequency absolute displacement measured by the GNSS receiver or the optical measurement equipment as the measurement update of the observation equation, and the tilt deformation sequence is fused and output. Based on the fused tilt deformation sequence, when the fused deformation exceeds a preset threshold and the cross-validation conclusion determines that the overall tilt deformation or structural bending deformation is caused by uneven settlement, a graded warning is output according to the deformation rate and the cumulative deformation.

[0014] Furthermore, the optical center of the 360° prism and the phase center of the GNSS receiver antenna are on the same vertical line.

[0015] A monitoring system for tilting deformation of tall, load-bearing structures in the power industry, including: The monitoring terminal, installed and fixed on a tall load-bearing structure, includes: a GNSS receiver for collecting satellite positioning data, an inclinometer for collecting tilt angles, and a 360° prism as an optical reflection target; An optical measuring device, independently installed on the ground, is used to measure the three-dimensional coordinates of the center point of the 360° prism; The data acquisition instrument is communicatively connected to the GNSS receiver, the inclinometer, and the optical measurement device, respectively, and is used to control the GNSS receiver, the inclinometer, and the optical measurement device to synchronously acquire satellite positioning data, tilt angle, and the three-dimensional coordinates of the 360° prism optical center point at the same timestamp, and to calibrate the timestamps for the acquired satellite positioning data, tilt angle, and the three-dimensional coordinates of the 360° prism optical center point; The tilt deformation judgment module is connected to the data acquisition instrument and is used to acquire the satellite positioning data, tilt angle and three-dimensional coordinates of the 360° prism optical center point after the data acquisition instrument is calibrated with a timestamp, and to perform the tilt deformation judgment step of the tall load-bearing structure based on the acquired satellite positioning data, tilt angle and three-dimensional coordinates of the 360° prism optical center point in the above-mentioned monitoring method for tilt deformation of tall load-bearing structures in the power industry. A communication module, connected to the data acquisition instrument and the tilt deformation judgment module, is used to upload the satellite positioning data after the data acquisition instrument is calibrated with a timestamp, the tilt angle, the three-dimensional coordinates of the 360° prism optical center point, and the judgment result of the tilt deformation judgment module to the cloud or monitoring center; and, The power supply device is used to provide working power for the GNSS receiver, inclinometer, data acquisition instrument, tilt deformation judgment module and communication module.

[0016] Furthermore, it also includes a fusion calculation and hierarchical early warning module, which is connected to the data acquisition instrument, the tilt deformation judgment module, and the communication module, and configured as follows: The Kalman filter algorithm is used, with the high-frequency sampling data of the inclinometer as the prediction input of the state equation, and the low-frequency absolute displacement measured by the GNSS receiver or the optical measurement equipment as the measurement update of the observation equation, and the tilt deformation sequence is fused and output. Based on the fused tilt deformation sequence, when the fused deformation exceeds a preset threshold and the cross-validation conclusion output by the tilt deformation judgment module is the overall tilt deformation or structural bending deformation caused by uneven settlement, a graded warning is output to the communication module according to the deformation rate and cumulative deformation, and then uploaded to the cloud or monitoring center by the communication module.

[0017] Furthermore, the optical center of the 360° prism and the phase center of the GNSS receiver antenna are on the same vertical line.

[0018] Furthermore, the optical measuring device is a total station.

[0019] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The monitoring method and device of this invention construct three independent observation sources based on different physical principles by simultaneously acquiring GNSS satellite positioning data, inclinometer tilt angle data, and the three-dimensional coordinates of the optical center point of a 360° prism at the same timestamp. Based on this, when both the inclinometer and GNSS data exceed a preset threshold, cross-validation is performed using the three-dimensional coordinates of the 360° prism, and based on... , and The numerical relationship between these parameters can accurately distinguish five situations: overall tilt deformation caused by uneven foundation settlement, structural bending deformation, GNSS receiver interference, abnormal measurement by the 360° prism or optical measuring equipment, and inclinometer malfunction. This method effectively overcomes the shortcomings of single sensors, such as insufficient accuracy, susceptibility to environmental interference, and long-term drift, significantly improving the reliability and anti-interference capability of tilt deformation monitoring. Simultaneously, through clear judgment logic, it can automatically identify and eliminate false alarms caused by sensor malfunctions or signal interference, greatly reducing the false alarm rate. Furthermore, this method can automatically diagnose deformation types (overall tilt or structural bending), providing maintenance personnel with clear fault location information and solving the problem of not being able to distinguish deformation types in existing technologies. In addition, maintenance personnel can use a total station to measure the 360° prism on-site to complete data verification, achieving rapid on-site verification and completely solving the problem of difficulty in determining the cause after an alarm. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a simplified structural diagram of the monitoring system of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the monitoring method of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the specific process for determining tilt. The diagram shows: 1. Tall load-bearing structure; 2. GNSS receiver; 3. Inclinometer; 4. 360° prism; 5. Data acquisition device; 6. Tilt deformation judgment module; 7. Communication module; 8. Optical measurement equipment; 9. Power supply device. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0022] For tall, load-bearing structures, single sensors are easily affected by their operating environment. For example, inclinometers suffer from long-term electronic zero drift, and measured values ​​drift with equipment aging and temperature changes; GNSS receivers are susceptible to interference in strong electromagnetic fields (such as power transmission line towers), and are prone to signal loss and data jumps when obstructed by wind turbine blades or metal components. To solve these problems, such as... Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the monitoring system for tilting deformation of tall load-bearing structures in the power industry according to the present invention includes: The monitoring terminal, installed and fixed on the tall load-bearing structure 1, includes: a GNSS receiver 2 for collecting satellite positioning data, an inclinometer 3 for collecting tilt angles, and a 360° prism 4 as an optical reflection target; Optical measuring device 8 is independently installed on the ground to avoid changes in the position of the optical measuring device due to deformation of the tall load-bearing structure. It is used to measure the three-dimensional coordinates of the center point of the 360° prism. The data acquisition device 5 is communicatively connected to the GNSS receiver 2, the inclinometer 3, and the optical measurement device, respectively, and is used to control the GNSS receiver 2, the inclinometer 3, and the optical measurement device to synchronously acquire corresponding data (satellite positioning data, tilt angle, and three-dimensional coordinates of the 360° prism optical center point) at the same timestamp, and to calibrate and temporarily store the acquired data (satellite positioning data, tilt angle, and three-dimensional coordinates of the 360° prism optical center point); The tilt deformation judgment module 6 is connected to the data acquisition instrument 5 and is configured to acquire data (satellite positioning data, tilt angle and three-dimensional coordinates of the optical center point of the 360° prism) after the data acquisition instrument 5 is calibrated with a timestamp, and perform a tilt deformation judgment step on the tall load-bearing structure based on the acquired data (satellite positioning data, tilt angle and three-dimensional coordinates of the optical center point of the 360° prism). Communication module 7, connected to the data acquisition instrument 5 and the tilt deformation judgment module 6, is used to upload the data (satellite positioning data, tilt angle, and three-dimensional coordinates of the 360° prism optical center point) after the data acquisition instrument 5 is calibrated with a timestamp, and the judgment result of the tilt deformation judgment module 6 to the cloud or monitoring center; and, The power supply device 9 is used to provide working power for the GNSS receiver 2, inclinometer 3, data acquisition instrument 5, tilt deformation judgment module 6 and communication module 7.

[0023] The optical measuring device can be one or more of a total station, a theodolite system, a laser tracker, a digital close-range photogrammetry system, or a prism-free total station. In this embodiment of the invention, the optical measuring device is a total station. The total station calculates the three-dimensional coordinates of the prism's center point based on the polar coordinate principle by measuring the horizontal angle, vertical angle, and slope distance between itself and the 360° prism.

[0024] The communication module 7 can be one or more of a 4G / 5G cellular module, an NB-IoT module, or a BeiDou short message module.

[0025] The tall load-bearing structures in this invention include, but are not limited to, transmission line towers, wind turbine towers, and communication masts.

[0026] The power supply device 9 can be a storage battery. For convenient power supply, in this embodiment of the invention, the power supply device 9 adopts an existing solar power supply device, including a storage battery, a solar panel, a charge and discharge controller, etc., the specific structure of which will not be described here.

[0027] In this invention, the specific process for determining the tilt deformation of the tall load-bearing structure based on the acquired satellite positioning data, tilt angle, and three-dimensional coordinates of the 360° prism optical center point is as follows: like Figure 3 As shown, when the inclinometer measures the tilt angles in two mutually perpendicular horizontal directions... and All exceeded the first preset threshold. The change in horizontal position measured by the GNSS receiver Exceeding the preset planar displacement warning value or elevation change Exceeding the preset elevation settlement warning value In this case, the three-dimensional coordinates of the optical center point of the 360° prism are used for cross-verification to distinguish between structural bending deformation and overall tilting deformation caused by uneven settlement of the foundation. in, ; ; , , The coordinates are the three-dimensional coordinates measured by the GNSS receiver at the current time, where , The coordinates are in the horizontal direction. Elevation coordinates; , , These are the three-dimensional reference coordinates measured by the GNSS receiver at the initial moment; The specific process of cross-validation is as follows: a. Calculate the change in the horizontal position of the optical center point of the 360° prism. : ; in, , The horizontal coordinates of the 360° optical center point of the prism at the current moment; , The initial horizontal reference coordinates are the optical center points of the 360° prism at the moment of origin. b. Calculate the horizontal displacement using the inclinometer. : ; in, ; The vertical height of the tall load-bearing structure from the bottom of the foundation to the location where the inclinometer is installed; when and At that time, it was determined that the overall tilting deformation was caused by uneven settlement of the foundation; when , and When the value increases synchronously with the monitoring time, it is determined to be structural bending deformation (bending deformation of tall load-bearing structures). when and At that time, it was determined that the GNSS receiver was interfered with, resulting in unreliable data, and it was still determined that the overall tilting deformation was caused by uneven settlement of the foundation. when and If the measurement of the 360° prism or the optical measuring device is deemed abnormal and the data is deemed unreliable, it is still determined to be an overall tilting deformation caused by uneven settlement of the foundation. when But neither of them is equal to If the inclinometer malfunctions, the data is deemed unreliable, and the overall tilting deformation is determined to be caused by uneven foundation settlement.

[0028] If the above conditions are not met, it is determined that no tilting deformation has occurred.

[0029] This invention constructs three independent observation sources based on different physical principles by simultaneously acquiring GNSS satellite positioning data, inclinometer tilt angle data, and the three-dimensional coordinates of the optical center point of a 360° prism at the same timestamp. Based on this, when both the inclinometer and GNSS data exceed a preset threshold, cross-validation is performed using the three-dimensional coordinates of the 360° prism, and then... , and The numerical relationship between these parameters can accurately distinguish the following five situations: overall tilt deformation caused by uneven foundation settlement, structural bending deformation, GNSS receiver interference, measurement abnormalities of 360° prism or optical measuring equipment, and inclinometer malfunction. This method effectively overcomes the shortcomings of single sensors, such as insufficient accuracy, susceptibility to environmental interference, and long-term drift, significantly improving the reliability and anti-interference capability of tilt deformation monitoring. Simultaneously, through clear judgment logic, it can automatically identify and eliminate false alarms caused by sensor malfunctions or signal interference, greatly reducing the false alarm rate. Furthermore, this method can automatically diagnose deformation types (overall tilt or structural bending), providing maintenance personnel with clear fault location information and solving the problem of existing technologies being unable to distinguish deformation types.

[0030] Tall load-bearing structures may not only undergo tilting deformation, but may also undergo overall planar displacement deformation, overall settlement displacement deformation, or both planar displacement and settlement displacement deformation simultaneously.

[0031] To facilitate monitoring whether the tall load-bearing structure has undergone overall planar displacement deformation, the tilt deformation judgment module of this invention is further configured to perform the overall planar displacement deformation judgment step: when the tilt angle measured by the inclinometer... and All are less than the first preset threshold. The change in horizontal position measured by the GNSS receiver Exceeding the preset planar displacement warning value Then, the three-dimensional coordinates of the optical center point of the 360° prism are used for verification; if the calculated change in the horizontal position of the optical center point of the 360° prism is... > If so, it is determined that the tall load-bearing structure has undergone overall planar displacement deformation.

[0032] To facilitate monitoring whether the tall load-bearing structure has experienced overall settlement displacement deformation, the tilt deformation judgment module of this invention is further configured to perform the overall settlement displacement deformation judgment step: when the tilt angle measured by the inclinometer... and All are less than the first preset threshold. The elevation change measured by the GNSS receiver Exceeding the preset elevation settlement warning value Then, the three-dimensional coordinates of the optical center point of the 360° prism are used for verification: if > If so, it is determined that the tall, load-bearing structure has undergone overall settlement, displacement, and deformation; among which... ; The elevation coordinates of the 360° prism optical center point at the current moment; The initial elevation reference coordinates are the 360° optical center point of the prism.

[0033] To facilitate monitoring whether tall load-bearing structures simultaneously experience planar displacement and settlement deformation, the tilt deformation judgment module of this invention is further configured to execute a judgment step for simultaneous planar displacement and settlement deformation: when the tilt angle measured by the inclinometer... and All are less than the first preset threshold. The change in horizontal position measured by the GNSS receiver Exceeding the preset planar displacement warning value Elevation change Exceeding the preset elevation settlement warning value Then, the three-dimensional coordinates of the optical center point of the 360° prism are used for verification; if > ,and > If so, it is determined that the tall load-bearing structure is simultaneously experiencing planar displacement and settlement deformation.

[0034] Furthermore, the system also includes a fusion calculation and hierarchical early warning module, which is connected to the data acquisition instrument, the tilt deformation judgment module, and the communication module, and configured as follows: The Kalman filter algorithm is used, with high-frequency sampling data (e.g., 50Hz) from the inclinometer as the prediction input for the state equation. The displacement prediction value and its covariance at each moment are recursively derived through the state transition matrix. When the absolute displacement observation value measured by a low-frequency (e.g., 1Hz) GNSS receiver or optical measurement equipment is received, the Kalman gain is calculated, the state is weighted and corrected using the residual between the observation value and the prediction value, and the covariance is updated, thereby outputting the fused tilt deformation sequence, and finally obtaining tilt deformation data with high time resolution and high stability. Based on the fused tilt deformation sequence, when the fused deformation exceeds a preset threshold and the cross-validation conclusion output by the tilt deformation judgment module is based on uneven settlement, resulting in overall tilt deformation, structural bending deformation, overall planar displacement deformation, overall settlement displacement deformation, or simultaneous planar displacement and settlement displacement deformation, a graded early warning is output to the communication module according to the deformation rate and cumulative deformation, and then uploaded to the cloud or monitoring center by the communication module, thereby simultaneously improving the real-time performance, accuracy, and operability of the early warning.

[0035] In this embodiment of the invention, a three-level early warning system is adopted: Blue alert: Deformation reaches 50% of the threshold, level of concern; Yellow alert: Deformation reaches 80% of the threshold, prompting on-site verification; Red alert: Deformation exceeds the threshold; take immediate countermeasures.

[0036] like Figure 2 As shown, the present invention also provides a method for monitoring the tilting deformation of tall load-bearing structures in the power industry, comprising the following steps: S1. At the same timestamp, satellite positioning data and tilt angle are acquired by a GNSS receiver and an inclinometer installed on the tall load-bearing structure, respectively; at the same time, the three-dimensional coordinates of the optical center point of the 360° prism installed on the tall load-bearing structure are measured by an optical measurement device independently installed on the ground. S2. Based on the acquired satellite positioning data, tilt angle, and the three-dimensional coordinates of the 360° prism optical center point, the tilt deformation of the tall load-bearing structure is determined. The specific process of tilt deformation determination is as described above and will not be elaborated further.

[0037] Furthermore, the method of the present invention also includes the above-mentioned overall planar displacement deformation judgment step, overall settlement displacement deformation judgment step, or / and simultaneous planar displacement and settlement displacement deformation judgment step.

[0038] To facilitate data verification and comparison and reduce system errors, preferably, the optical center of the 360° prism and the phase center of the GNSS receiver antenna are on the same vertical line.

[0039] It should be understood that the higher the installation position of the GNSS receiver, inclinometer, and 360° small prism, the more significant the tilt deformation response detected, and the more beneficial it is for accurately assessing the tilt state of the tall load-bearing structure. In this embodiment of the invention, the GNSS receiver, inclinometer, and 360° small prism are installed at the upper end of the tall load-bearing structure.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring the tilting deformation of tall load-bearing structures in the power industry, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: At the same timestamp, satellite positioning data and tilt angle are acquired by a GNSS receiver and an inclinometer installed on the tall load-bearing structure, respectively; at the same time, the three-dimensional coordinates of the optical center point of the 360° prism installed on the tall load-bearing structure are measured by an optical measurement device independently installed on the ground. The tilt deformation of the tall load-bearing structure is determined based on the acquired satellite positioning data, tilt angle, and three-dimensional coordinates of the 360° prism optical center point. When the tilt angles measured by the inclinometer are two mutually perpendicular horizontal directions and All exceeded the first preset threshold. The change in horizontal position measured by the GNSS receiver Exceeding the preset planar displacement warning value or elevation change Exceeding the preset elevation settlement warning value In this case, the three-dimensional coordinates of the optical center point of the 360° prism are used for cross-verification to distinguish between structural bending deformation and overall tilting deformation caused by uneven settlement of the foundation. in, ; ; , , The coordinates are the three-dimensional coordinates measured by the GNSS receiver at the current time, where , The coordinates are in the horizontal direction. Elevation coordinates; , , These are the three-dimensional reference coordinates measured by the GNSS receiver at the initial moment; The specific process of cross-validation is as follows: Calculate the change in the horizontal position of the optical center point of the 360° prism. : ； in, , The horizontal coordinates of the 360° optical center point of the prism at the current moment; , The initial horizontal reference coordinates are the optical center points of the 360° prism at the moment of origin. Calculate horizontal displacement using an inclinometer : ； in, ; The vertical height of the tall load-bearing structure from the bottom of the foundation to the location where the inclinometer is installed; when and At that time, it was determined that the overall tilting deformation was caused by uneven settlement of the foundation; when , and When the value increases synchronously with the monitoring time, it is determined to be structural bending deformation; when and At that time, it was determined that the GNSS receiver was interfered with, resulting in unreliable data, and it was still determined that the overall tilting deformation was caused by uneven settlement of the foundation. when and If the measurement of the 360° prism or the optical measuring device is deemed abnormal and the data is deemed unreliable, it is still determined to be an overall tilting deformation caused by uneven settlement of the foundation. when But neither of them is equal to If the inclinometer malfunctions, the data is deemed unreliable, and the overall tilting deformation is determined to be caused by uneven settlement of the foundation.

2. The monitoring method for tilt deformation of tall load-bearing structures in the power industry as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes the steps for determining overall planar displacement and deformation: When the tilt angle measured by the inclinometer and All are less than the first preset threshold. The change in horizontal position measured by the GNSS receiver Exceeding the preset planar displacement warning value Then, the three-dimensional coordinates of the optical center point of the 360° prism are used for verification; if the calculated change in the horizontal position of the optical center point of the 360° prism is... > If so, it is determined that the tall load-bearing structure has undergone overall planar displacement deformation.

3. The monitoring method for tilt deformation of tall load-bearing structures in the power industry as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes steps for judging overall settlement displacement and deformation: When the tilt angle measured by the inclinometer and All are less than the first preset threshold. The elevation change measured by the GNSS receiver Exceeding the preset elevation settlement warning value Then, the three-dimensional coordinates of the optical center point of the 360° prism are used for verification: if > If so, it is determined that the tall, load-bearing structure has undergone overall settlement, displacement, and deformation; among which... ; The elevation coordinates of the 360° prism optical center point at the current moment; The initial elevation reference coordinates are the 360° optical center point of the prism.

4. The monitoring method for tilt deformation of tall load-bearing structures in the power industry as described in claim 3, characterized in that, It also includes steps for determining deformation caused by simultaneous planar displacement and settlement displacement: When the tilt angle measured by the inclinometer and All are less than the first preset threshold. The change in horizontal position measured by the GNSS receiver Exceeding the preset planar displacement warning value Elevation change Exceeding the preset elevation settlement warning value Then, the three-dimensional coordinates of the optical center point of the 360° prism are used for verification; if > ,and > If so, it is determined that the tall load-bearing structure is simultaneously experiencing planar displacement and settlement deformation.

5. The monitoring method for tilting deformation of tall load-bearing structures in the power industry as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes the following steps: The Kalman filter algorithm is used, with the high-frequency sampling data of the inclinometer as the prediction input of the state equation, and the low-frequency absolute displacement measured by the GNSS receiver or the optical measurement equipment as the measurement update of the observation equation, and the tilt deformation sequence is fused and output. Based on the fused tilt deformation sequence, when the fused deformation exceeds a preset threshold and the cross-validation conclusion determines that the overall tilt deformation or structural bending deformation is caused by uneven settlement, a graded warning is output according to the deformation rate and the cumulative deformation.

6. The monitoring method for tilting deformation of tall load-bearing structures in the power industry as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The optical center of the 360° prism and the phase center of the GNSS receiver antenna are on the same vertical line.

7. A monitoring system for tilting deformation of tall load-bearing structures in the power industry, characterized in that, include: The monitoring terminal, installed and fixed on a tall load-bearing structure, includes: a GNSS receiver for collecting satellite positioning data, an inclinometer for collecting tilt angles, and a 360° prism as an optical reflection target; An optical measuring device, independently installed on the ground, is used to measure the three-dimensional coordinates of the center point of the 360° prism; The data acquisition instrument is communicatively connected to the GNSS receiver, the inclinometer, and the optical measurement device, respectively, and is used to control the GNSS receiver, the inclinometer, and the optical measurement device to synchronously acquire satellite positioning data, tilt angle, and the three-dimensional coordinates of the 360° prism optical center point at the same timestamp, and to calibrate the timestamps for the acquired satellite positioning data, tilt angle, and the three-dimensional coordinates of the 360° prism optical center point; The tilt deformation judgment module is connected to the data acquisition instrument and is used to acquire the satellite positioning data, tilt angle and three-dimensional coordinates of the 360° prism optical center point after the data acquisition instrument is calibrated with a timestamp, and to perform the tilt deformation judgment step of the tall load-bearing structure based on the acquired satellite positioning data, tilt angle and three-dimensional coordinates of the 360° prism optical center point in the monitoring method for tilt deformation of tall load-bearing structures in the power industry as described in any one of claims 1 to 6. A communication module, connected to the data acquisition instrument and the tilt deformation judgment module, is used to upload the satellite positioning data after the data acquisition instrument is calibrated with a timestamp, the tilt angle, the three-dimensional coordinates of the 360° prism optical center point, and the judgment result of the tilt deformation judgment module to the cloud or monitoring center; and, The power supply device is used to provide working power for the GNSS receiver, inclinometer, data acquisition instrument, tilt deformation judgment module and communication module.

8. The monitoring system for tilting deformation of tall load-bearing structures in the power industry as described in claim 7, characterized in that, It also includes a fusion calculation and hierarchical early warning module, which is connected to the data acquisition instrument, the tilt deformation judgment module, and the communication module, and is configured as follows: The Kalman filter algorithm is used, with the high-frequency sampling data of the inclinometer as the prediction input of the state equation, and the low-frequency absolute displacement measured by the GNSS receiver or the optical measurement equipment as the measurement update of the observation equation, and the tilt deformation sequence is fused and output. Based on the fused tilt deformation sequence, when the fused deformation exceeds a preset threshold and the cross-validation conclusion output by the tilt deformation judgment module is the overall tilt deformation or structural bending deformation caused by uneven settlement, a graded warning is output to the communication module according to the deformation rate and cumulative deformation, and then uploaded to the cloud or monitoring center by the communication module.

9. The monitoring system for tilting deformation of tall load-bearing structures in the power industry as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The optical center of the 360° prism and the phase center of the GNSS receiver antenna are on the same vertical line.

10. The monitoring system for tilting deformation of tall load-bearing structures in the power industry as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The optical measuring device is a total station.

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