A thrust detection device and method for a balustrade

Abstract

This invention discloses a thrust detection device and method for railings, relating to the field of civil engineering structural testing technology. It includes: a reaction system separated from the railing under test, connected to a uniformly distributed loading execution system. The uniformly distributed loading execution system applies a horizontally distributed thrust along the length of the railing. It is also connected to a measurement and control system for controlling the loading and data acquisition. The uniformly distributed loading execution system and the measurement and control system are located on opposite sides of the railing. The uniformly distributed loading execution system includes an airbag chamber shell, with a front end plate on the side of the airbag chamber shell closest to the railing. Strip-shaped airbags are arranged inside the airbag chamber shell and the front end plate. The front end plate is connected to a universal ball joint, which is hinged to a rigid pressure beam. This invention achieves true uniform loading, enabling the direct application of a continuous and uniform horizontally distributed load to the railing during on-site testing, fundamentally eliminating the force distortion problem caused by concentrated loading.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of civil engineering structural testing technology, and in particular to a thrust testing device and method for railings. Background Technology

[0002] Pedestrian overpass railings are key protective facilities for ensuring public safety, and their resistance to horizontal thrust must meet the requirements of national mandatory standards. Currently, most on-site testing adopts the traditional method of applying the uniformly distributed force required by the standards as equivalent to several concentrated forces, such as using multiple hydraulic jacks or mechanical jacks to push the railings at discrete points. For example, Chinese patent number 3N217542211U discloses a device and method for testing the thrust resistance of railings, including a jack mounting frame, a jack, a jack rod end piece, a hydraulic pump, a standard rod, and a displacement gauge. The jack is fixed horizontally on the jack mounting frame and connected to the hydraulic pump via a hydraulic pipe. The hydraulic pump drives the jack. The standard rod is vertically installed on the jack mounting frame, and the displacement gauge is installed on the upper part of the standard rod, which can be movably connected and fixed with the standard rod. In use, the axis of the jack coincides with the axis of the displacement gauge. It has good force transmission effect, high measurement accuracy, simple and portable instrument, low cost, and high measurement efficiency. The overall force structure is clear and simple, the force transmission is well-defined, and all components can be disassembled, added, and moved. The measuring instrument uses a dial indicator, does not involve computer electronic components, and the measurement accuracy is guaranteed. The testing process does not damage the railing under test, truly achieving non-destructive testing. However, in existing technologies, using multiple hydraulic jacks or mechanical jacks to push the railing at discrete points can easily lead to stress distortion: concentrated loading completely changes the actual stress state of the railing, causing significant stress concentration at the loading point, while the stress between points decreases sharply, leading to unintended damage: this non-standard stress pattern may cause local crushing or cracking of the railing at the loading point, rather than overall instability under the design load, thus failing to accurately assess its safety reserve and potentially causing irreversible damage to the railing; additional stiffness effects: the support system of many existing detection devices has direct or indirect contact with the railing, providing additional support stiffness to the railing during loading, resulting in underestimation of the measurement results and masking real safety hazards. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the above shortcomings, this invention provides a thrust detection device and method for railings, which can directly apply continuous and uniform horizontally distributed loads to the railings, fundamentally eliminating the force distortion problem caused by concentrated loading. The specific technical solution is as follows: A thrust detection device for a railing includes: a reaction force system separate from the railing being tested, the reaction force system being connected to a uniformly distributed loading execution system, the uniformly distributed loading execution system being used to apply a horizontally distributed thrust along the length of the railing, the uniformly distributed loading execution system being connected to a measurement and control system for controlling loading and data acquisition, the uniformly distributed loading execution system and the measurement and control system being located on both sides of the railing respectively; The uniformly distributed loading execution system includes an actuator, which is a strip-shaped airbag unit. The strip-shaped airbag unit includes an airbag chamber shell. A front end plate is provided on the side of the airbag chamber shell near the railing. A strip-shaped airbag is provided inside the airbag chamber shell and the front end plate. The front end plate is connected to a universal ball joint. The universal ball joint is hinged to a rigid pressure beam. The segmented pressure beam is used to directly contact the railing. The back of the airbag chamber shell is fixedly connected to the reaction system.

[0004] Preferably, the rigid pressure beam is connected to a flexible adaptive interface, which is located between the uniformly distributed loading execution system and the railing being tested.

[0005] Preferably, the flexible adaptive interface is a low-hardness polyurethane rubber layer adhered to the contact surface of the rigid pressure beam, with a Shore hardness between 30 and 50 degrees and a thickness of 10-20 mm.

[0006] Preferably, the measurement and control system includes a displacement sensor connected to the railing, the strip-shaped airbag connected to an air source, the air supply pipeline of the air source connected to a pressure sensor, the pressure sensor and the displacement sensor connected to a controller, the air supply pipeline also connected to a pressure reducing valve and an electric valve, and the controller controls the electric valve to achieve automatic loading.

[0007] Preferably, the reaction system includes a portal frame formed by connecting a vertical beam, a top beam, and a bottom beam with a first high-strength bolt. A mounting plate is connected to one side of the vertical beam, and a diagonal brace is connected between the vertical beam and the bottom beam.

[0008] Preferably, the bottom beam is equipped with legs at both ends, and a connecting plate with stiffening ribs is connected between the vertical beam and the bottom beam, including a reinforcing plate with threaded holes welded to the bottom of the bottom beam. A ball joint base is provided on the lower side of the reinforcing plate, and a threaded screw is connected to the upper side of the ball joint base. The upper part of the threaded screw extends into the holes opened in the reinforcing plate and the bottom beam in sequence. A locking nut and washer for locking the threaded screw are provided on the lower side of the reinforcing plate.

[0009] Preferably, the mounting plate is fixed to the front of the vertical beam, and each end of the mounting plate is provided with a strip-shaped mounting groove for connecting with the airbag shell. A second high-strength bolt is connected between the back of the airbag shell and the mounting plate, and the second high-strength bolt passes through the strip-shaped mounting groove.

[0010] Preferably, the airbag housing is welded together from a rear plate, two side plates and a bottom plate. The rear plate has a reserved airbag inlet pipe channel. The inner side of the side plate is engraved with a horizontal groove for placing the linear guide rail of the front plate. The front end of the linear guide rail is provided with a detachable limiting plate. The front plate moves as the strip airbag is inflated.

[0011] Preferably, the rigid pressure beam includes a core section and an extension section, and a reinforcing rod is connected between the core section and the extension section. The reinforcing rod is located inside the core section and the extension section, and the core section and the extension section are spliced ​​with the reinforcing rod by high-strength bolts.

[0012] A method for detecting thrust in a railing, the method comprising the following steps: S1: Install and level the reaction system: Assemble the reaction system and erect the reaction frame on the bridge deck; adjust the mounting plate to be basically vertical using the bottom beam supports and a level according to the flatness of the bridge deck; after arranging the counterweight on the bottom beam according to the preset load, readjust the supports to make the mounting plate strictly vertical. S2: Install the uniformly distributed loading execution system: Hang the actuator on the mounting plate, finely adjust the height according to the position of the railing, and fix it to the vertical beam by bolts through the strip mounting groove 171 of the mounting plate; splice the rigid pressure beam of the required length and attach the flexible adaptive interface, and gently lean it against the railing handrail; align the universal hinge connecting seat on the front plate of the airbag compartment with the hinge seat on the rigid pressure beam, connect the universal ball hinge and lock it; S3: Connection to the measurement and control system: Connect the air supply unit, install the pressure sensor through the tee pipe joint, connect the pressure sensor to the controller, and connect the electric valve to the controller; arrange the displacement sensor on the railing, and then connect the displacement sensor to the controller. S4: System preloading: Controls the uniformly distributed loading execution system to apply a small preloading force to ensure stable contact of the entire system; S5: Graded loading and data acquisition: The system controls the uniformly distributed loading execution system to apply horizontally distributed thrust in stages according to preset load levels, while measuring and recording the deflection data of key points of the railing through displacement sensors. S6: Terminate loading and unloading: When the load reaches the preset maximum value or the railing deflection is abnormal, stop loading and unload step by step; S7: Data Analysis and Performance Evaluation: Evaluate the mechanical performance of the railing based on the collected load-deflection data.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. This invention achieves true uniform load distribution: Through the unique design of "rigid pressure beam + actuator + universal ball joint", it is the first time that a continuous and uniform horizontal load has been applied directly to the railing in field testing, which fundamentally eliminates the stress distortion problem caused by concentrated loading, and the measurement results can truly reflect the overall performance of the railing.

[0014] 2. This invention ensures the purity of the measurement: the independent reaction system and the application of the universal ball joint ensure that the detection device itself does not provide any additional stiffness to the railing, and the measurement results are true and reliable.

[0015] 3. The invention has strong adaptability: the uniformly distributed loading execution system is adjustable in position on the reaction frame, and the rigid pressure beam adopts a segmented design. The length of the pressure beam can be adjusted by extending the section, which is suitable for the detection requirements of railings of different heights and lengths, and has good versatility.

[0016] 4. This invention is highly detachable, portable, and efficient: the components are connected by high-strength bolts or quick-release connectors, making them easy to transport and install, improving testing efficiency and reducing labor intensity.

[0017] 5. This invention has high safety and reliability: the flexible interface layer and universal ball joint effectively avoid local stress concentration and damage to the railing; the diagonal bracing and counterweight ensure anti-overturning stability; the measurement and control system has automatic safety monitoring function, which comprehensively protects the safety of the test.

[0018] 6. This invention has a high degree of automation and accurate data: the entire detection process is controlled by a program, which automatically loads, saves, and records data, reducing human error, ensuring the objectivity and accuracy of the data, and can automatically generate reports. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. In all the drawings, similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals. In the drawings, the elements or parts are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the device of the present invention in the detection state.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall portal reaction frame.

[0022] Figure 3 This is an exploded view of a portal reaction frame.

[0023] Figure 4 Detailed diagram of the installation of the bottom beam support legs.

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the airbag compartment disassembled.

[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the pressure beam structure.

[0026] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the segmented connection nodes of the pressure beam.

[0027] Figure 8 This is a detailed view of the connection between the front end plate and the core section of the pressure beam via a universal ball joint.

[0028] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the measurement and control system.

[0029] Figure 10 This is a flowchart of the detection method of the present invention.

[0030] 1-Reaction system, 11-Vertical beam, 12-Top beam, 13-Bottom beam, 14-First high-strength bolt, 15-Support leg, 151-Reinforcing plate, 152-Threaded screw, 153-Locking nut and washer, 154-Spherical hinge chassis, 16-Diagonal brace, 17-Mounting plate, 171-Strip mounting groove, 172-Strip groove, 18-Connecting plate, 19-Quick pin, 2-Strip airbag, 3-Airbag chamber shell, 31-Second high-strength bolt, 3 2-Rear plate, 321-Airbag inlet pipe channel, 33-Side plate, 34-Bottom plate, 331-Horizontal groove, 4-Front end plate, 41-Linear guide rail, 5-Universal ball joint, 6-Rigid pressure beam, 61-Core section, 62-Extension section, 71-Reinforcing rod, 72-Third high-strength bolt, 8-Flexible adaptive interface, 91-Air source, 92-Pressure reducing valve, 93-Electrical valve, 94-Pressure sensor, 95-Displacement sensor, 96-Controller. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0033] In the description of this invention, "several" means one or more, "multiple" means two or more, "greater than," "less than," and "exceeding" are understood to exclude the stated number, while "above," "below," and "within" are understood to include the stated number. Where the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes and to distinguish technical features, they should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features, or implicitly indicating the sequential relationship of the indicated technical features.

[0034] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances. Furthermore, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of this invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0035] Example 1 Reference Figures 1-8 This invention provides a thrust detection device for railings, comprising: a reaction system 1 separated from the railing being tested, the core of the reaction system 1 being a portal frame; the reaction system 1 being connected to a uniformly distributed loading execution system, the uniformly distributed loading execution system being used to apply a horizontally distributed thrust along the length of the railing; the uniformly distributed loading execution system being connected to a measurement and control system for controlling the loading and data acquisition; the uniformly distributed loading execution system and the measurement and control system being located on both sides of the railing; furthermore, this invention is used for on-site quantitative detection of pedestrian overpasses and bridge sidewalks. The load-bearing capacity and deformation performance of guardrails and other protective facilities under horizontal loads; the uniformly distributed loading execution system includes an actuator, which is a strip-shaped airbag unit. The strip-shaped airbag unit includes an airbag shell 3, a front end plate 4 on the side of the airbag shell 3 near the guardrail, and strip-shaped airbags 2 arranged inside the airbag shell 3 and the front end plate 4. The front end plate 4 is connected to a universal ball joint 5, which is hinged to a rigid pressure beam 6. The rigid pressure beam 6 is used for direct contact with the guardrail, and the back of the airbag shell 3 is fixedly connected to the reaction system 1. It should be noted that... Figure 1 The counterweight and airbag airway are not shown in the image. Figure 3The exploded view only shows one side of the vertical beam 11, bottom beam 13, diagonal brace 16, and support leg 15; the reaction system 1 is set independently, the airbag shell 3 is filled with gas, and the measurement and control system exerts a force on the front plate 4 during the measurement and control process. The front plate 4 is evenly stressed through the strip airbag 2. The universal ball joint 5 does not exert an additional force on the front plate 4 and does not restrict the movement of the front plate 4, thus realizing a true uniform load distribution: through the unique design of "rigid pressure beam + actuator + universal joint", a continuous and uniform horizontal load distribution can be directly applied to the railing in the field test, which fundamentally eliminates the stress distortion problem caused by concentrated loading. The measurement results can truly reflect the overall performance of the railing.

[0036] Reference Figure 6 A rigid pressure beam 6 is connected to a flexible adaptive interface 8, which is located between the uniformly distributed loading execution system and the tested railing. The flexible adaptive interface 8 is a low-hardness polyurethane rubber layer adhered to the contact surface of the rigid pressure beam, with a Shore hardness between 30 and 50 degrees and a thickness of 10-20 mm. In this embodiment, the flexible adaptive interface 8 adapts to the curved surface of the handrail, ensuring uniform pressure distribution; it absorbs and eliminates any possible minute vertical force components through material shear deformation, ensuring that the resultant force acting on the railing is strictly horizontal; it protects the handrail surface; and the material of the flexible adaptive interface 8 is further specified.

[0037] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 9 The measurement and control system includes a displacement sensor 95 connected to the railing. A strip-shaped airbag 2 is connected to an air source 91. The air supply line of the air source 91 is connected to a pressure sensor 94. The pressure sensor 94 and displacement sensor 95 are connected to a controller 96. The air supply line is also connected to a pressure reducing valve 92 and an electric valve 93. The controller 96 controls the electric valve 93 to achieve automatic loading. In this embodiment, the controller 96 controls the electric valve 92 or a servo valve according to a preset program to achieve graded loading and load maintenance. Simultaneously, pressure and displacement data are collected in real time, and the pressure value is converted into a line load value through a pre-calibrated "pressure-thrust" relationship. The system has an automatic safety monitoring function, automatically terminating loading when the load or deflection is abnormal. Furthermore, the electric valve 93 is an electro-proportional valve.

[0038] Reference Figures 1-4The reaction system 1 includes a portal frame formed by connecting a vertical beam 11, a top beam 12, and a bottom beam 13 via a first high-strength bolt 14. A mounting plate 17 is connected to one side of the vertical beam 11. A rigid pressure beam 6 is connected to the airbag shell 3, and the airbag shell 3 is connected to the mounting plate 17. A diagonal brace 16 connects the vertical beam 11 and the bottom beam 13. In this embodiment, the reaction system 1 is further defined by a diagonal brace 16 between the vertical beam 11 and the bottom beam 13. The two ends of the diagonal brace 16 are connected by quick-release pins, which can also be other quick-release connectors, significantly improving the stiffness and bending resistance of the connection. The mounting plate 17 is used to connect the airbag shell 3. This mounting plate 17 is rigidly connected to the gantry frame via high-strength bolts, providing not only a mounting surface for the loading unit but also enhancing the overall lateral stiffness of the gantry. The gantry is a portal frame.

[0039] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 The bottom beam 13 is equipped with legs 15 at both ends. A connecting plate 18 with stiffening ribs connects the vertical beam 11 to the bottom beam 13. The legs 15 include a reinforcing plate 151 with threaded holes welded to the bottom of the bottom beam. A ball joint base 154 is provided on the lower side of the reinforcing plate 151, and a threaded rod 152 is connected to the upper side of the ball joint base 154. The upper part of the threaded rod 152 extends into the holes opened in the reinforcing plate 151 and the bottom beam 13. A locking nut and washer 153 for locking the threaded rod 152 are provided on the lower side of the reinforcing plate 151. The legs 15 are used to precisely level the reaction frame on uneven bridge surfaces, ensuring that the mounting plate 17 is strictly vertical and that the mounting plate 17 is vertically perpendicular. The height of the bottom beam 13 relative to the ground is adjusted through the threaded rod 152 of the legs 15. The bottom beam 13 can also serve as a support member for the counterweight, and the counterweight or counterweight basket placed on it can resist the overturning moment generated by the horizontal thrust. The connecting plate 18 is made of aluminum alloy and is welded to the vertical beam 11.

[0040] Reference Figure 3 The mounting plate 17 is fixed to the front of the vertical beam 11. Each end of the mounting plate 17 has a strip-shaped mounting groove 171 for connection to the airbag housing 3. The airbag housing 3 is mounted on the front of the vertical beam 11 via a second high-strength bolt 31 on its back, which passes through the mounting groove of the mounting plate 17. In this embodiment, the arrangement of the mounting plate 17 is further defined. The mounting plate 17 is located below the top beam 12, used to connect the airbag housing 3, and also enhances the overall lateral stiffness of the reaction system 1 gantry.

[0041] Reference Figure 5The airbag housing 3 is welded together from a rear plate 32, two side plates 33, and a bottom plate 34. The rear plate 32 has a reserved airbag inlet pipe channel 321. The inner side of the side plate 33 is engraved with a horizontal groove 331 for placing the linear guide rail 41 of the front plate 4. The front end of the linear guide rail 41 is provided with a detachable limiting plate 35. The inflation of the strip airbag 2 pushes the front plate 4 to move. In this embodiment, the airbag housing 3 is further restricted. The airbag inlet pipe channel 321 reserved in the rear plate can be used to place the air supply pipe. The air supply pipe enables the airbag housing 3 to be inflated. The setting of the horizontal groove 331 allows the linear guide rail 41 to move in the horizontal direction, so that the front plate 4 can only move in the horizontal direction. The limiting plate 35 is used to restrict the movement path of the front plate 4.

[0042] Reference Figure 6 The rigid pressure beam 6 comprises a core section 61 and an extension section 62, connected by a reinforcing rod 71 located inside the core section 61 and extension section 62. The core section 61, extension section 62, and reinforcing rod 71 are connected by a third high-strength bolt 72. The rigid pressure beam 6 adopts a segmented design, and its length can be adjusted via the extension section 62, making it suitable for inspection requirements of railings of different heights and lengths, thus offering good versatility.

[0043] A method for detecting thrust in railings, referring to... Figure 10 The method includes the following steps: S1: Install and level the reaction system 1: Assemble the reaction system 1, install and level the rigid frame, and place the reaction frame on the bridge deck; adjust the mounting plate to be basically vertical using the bottom beam support 15 and a level according to the flatness of the bridge deck; after arranging the counterweight on the bottom beam 13 according to the preset load, readjust the support 15 to make the mounting plate 17 strictly vertical. S2: Install the uniformly distributed loading execution system: Hang the actuator on the mounting plate 17, finely adjust the height according to the position of the railing, and fix it to the vertical beam 11 by bolts through the strip mounting groove 171 of the mounting plate 17; splice the rigid pressure beam 6 of the required length and attach the flexible adaptive interface 8, and gently lean it against the railing handrail; align the universal hinge connecting seat on the front plate 4 of the airbag compartment with the hinge seat on the rigid pressure beam 6, connect the universal ball hinge 5 and lock it; S3: Connect to the measurement and control system: Connect the air supply unit 91, install the pressure sensor 94 through the three-way pipe joint, connect the pressure sensor 94 to the controller 96, and connect the electric valve 93 to the controller 96; arrange the displacement sensor 95 on the railing, and then connect the displacement sensor 95 to the controller 96. S4: System preloading: Controls the uniformly distributed loading execution system to apply a small preloading force to ensure stable contact of the entire system; S5: Graded loading and data acquisition: The system controls the uniformly distributed loading execution system to apply horizontally distributed thrust in stages according to the preset load level, and at the same time, the displacement sensor 95 measures and records the deflection data of key points of the railing. S6: Terminate loading and unloading: When the load reaches the preset maximum value or the railing deflection is abnormal, stop loading and unload step by step; S7: Data Analysis and Performance Evaluation: Evaluate the mechanical performance of the railing based on the collected load-deflection data.

[0044] The above are merely specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A thrust detection device for a balustrade, characterised in that, include: A reaction system (1) separate from the railing under test, wherein the reaction system (1) is connected to a uniformly distributed loading execution system, wherein the uniformly distributed loading execution system is used to apply a horizontally distributed thrust along the length of the railing, wherein the uniformly distributed loading execution system is connected to a measurement and control system for controlling loading and data acquisition, wherein the uniformly distributed loading execution system and the measurement and control system are located on both sides of the railing respectively; The uniformly distributed loading execution system includes an actuator, which is a strip-shaped airbag unit. The strip-shaped airbag unit includes an airbag chamber shell (3). The airbag chamber shell (3) has a front end plate (4) on the side near the railing. A strip-shaped airbag (2) is provided inside the airbag chamber shell (3) and the front end plate (4). The front end plate (4) is connected to a universal ball joint (5). The universal ball joint (5) is hinged to a rigid pressure beam (6). The rigid pressure beam (6) is used to directly contact the railing. The back of the airbag chamber shell (3) is fixedly connected to the reaction system (1).

2. A thrust detection device for a balustrade according to claim 1, characterised in that, The rigid pressure beam (6) is connected to a flexible adaptive interface (8), which is located between the uniformly distributed loading execution system and the railing under test.

3. The thrust detection device for a railing according to claim 2, characterized in that, The flexible adaptive interface (8) is a low-hardness polyurethane rubber layer that is pasted on the contact surface of the rigid pressure beam. Its Shore hardness is between 30 and 50 degrees and its thickness is 10-20 mm.

4. The thrust detection device for a railing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The measurement and control system includes a displacement sensor (95), which is connected to the railing. The strip-shaped airbag (2) is connected to an air source (91). The air supply line of the air source (91) is connected to a pressure sensor (94). The pressure sensor (94) and the displacement sensor (95) are connected to a controller (96). The air supply line is also connected to a pressure reducing valve (92) and an electric valve (93). The controller (96) controls the electric valve (93) to achieve automatic loading.

5. A thrust detection device for a railing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reaction system (1) includes a portal frame formed by connecting a vertical beam (11), a top beam (12) and a bottom beam (13) with a first high-strength bolt (14). A mounting plate (17) is connected to one side of the vertical beam (11), and a diagonal brace (16) is connected between the vertical beam (11) and the bottom beam (13).

6. A thrust detection device for a railing according to claim 5, characterized in that, The bottom beam (13) is equipped with legs (15) at both ends. A connecting plate (18) with stiffening ribs is connected between the vertical beam (11) and the bottom beam (13). The legs (15) include a reinforcing plate (151) with threaded holes welded to the bottom of the bottom beam. A ball joint base (154) is provided on the lower side of the reinforcing plate (151). A threaded screw (152) is connected to the upper side of the ball joint base (154). The upper part of the threaded screw (152) extends into the holes opened in the reinforcing plate (151) and the bottom beam (13) in sequence. A locking nut and washer (153) for locking the threaded screw (152) are provided on the lower side of the reinforcing plate (151).

7. A thrust detection device for a railing according to claim 6, characterized in that, The mounting plate (17) is fixed on the front of the vertical beam (11). Each end of the mounting plate (17) has a strip mounting groove (171) for connecting with the airbag housing (3). A second high-strength bolt (31) is connected between the back of the airbag housing (3) and the mounting plate (17). The second high-strength bolt (31) passes through the strip mounting groove (171).

8. A thrust detection device for a railing according to claim 7, characterized in that, The airbag housing (3) is welded together from a rear plate (32), two side plates (33) and a bottom plate (34). The rear plate (32) has a reserved airbag inlet pipe channel (321). A horizontal groove (331) is engraved on the inner side of the side plate (33) for placing the linear guide rail (41) of the front plate (4). A detachable limiting plate (35) is provided at the front end of the linear guide rail. The strip airbag (2) is inflated to push the front plate (4) to move.

9. A thrust detection device for a railing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rigid pressure beam (6) includes a core section (61) and an extension section (62). A reinforcing rod (71) is connected between the core section (61) and the extension section (62). The reinforcing rod (71) is located inside the core section (61) and the extension section (62). The core section (61) and the extension section (62) are spliced ​​with the reinforcing rod (71) by a third high-strength bolt (72).

10. A method for detecting thrust in railings, characterized in that, The method of using the thrust detection device for railings according to any one of claims 1-9 to perform thrust detection includes the following steps: S1: Install the reaction system (1) and level it; S2: Install the uniformly distributed loading execution system; S3: Connect to the measurement and control system; S4: System preloading: Controls the uniformly distributed loading execution system to apply a small preloading force to ensure stable contact of the entire system; S5: Graded loading and data acquisition: The uniformly distributed loading execution system is controlled to apply the horizontally distributed thrust in stages according to the preset load level, and at the same time, the deflection data of the key points of the railing is measured and recorded by the displacement sensor (95). S6: Terminate loading and unloading: When the load reaches the preset maximum value or the railing deflection is abnormal, stop loading and unload step by step; S7: Data Analysis and Performance Evaluation: Evaluate the mechanical performance of the railing based on the collected load-deflection data.

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