Modular sand and dust test device

Abstract

The application discloses a modular sand dust test device, which comprises an air duct integrated pry device, a sand box device, a wind speed control system, a dust control system and a measurement system. The air duct integrated pry device comprises a base, an air duct and a sand box upper cover. The wind speed control system comprises two frequency conversion fans, a first wind speed sensor, a frequency converter, a PLC and an upper computer. The dust control system comprises an electrical proportional valve, a vacuum generator and a first dust concentration sensor. The measurement system comprises a movable measurement tool, a second wind speed sensor and a second dust concentration sensor. The application can reproduce boundary conditions of large equipment in a sand dust environment, build a wind-dust collaborative loading environment, simulate the actual service state of the equipment in a harsh sand dust scene such as a desert and a desert, and accurately measure the sealing performance and structural response characteristics of the large equipment at the whole machine level under the dynamic sand dust invasion, so as to provide a reliable basis for the environmental adaptability design and reliability evaluation of the equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of environmental testing technology, specifically relating to a modular sand and dust testing device. Background Technology

[0002] As a fundamental component of the environmental adaptability verification system, sand and dust environmental testing aims to systematically evaluate the sealing reliability, operational stability, electrical safety, and structural durability of various equipment under particle intrusion conditions by scientifically simulating natural sand and dust stress. Sand and dust testing is widely applicable to a full range of products, including electronic instruments, communication equipment, engineering machinery, and rail transportation equipment, covering the full spectrum of needs for industrial and civilian, micro and large, and fixed and mobile equipment. Sand and dust particles possess high hardness, strong adsorption, and multi-scale distribution characteristics, which can trigger multiple failure chains such as contact wear, short circuits, optical contamination, and thermal control failures, making it a key mandatory assessment item in environmental testing standards. Conducting standardized sand and dust testing is not only a technical basis for identifying design weaknesses and verifying the effectiveness of protective processes, but also a crucial measure to improve the environmental robustness of products and ensure operational reliability throughout their entire life cycle, playing an irreplaceable fundamental supporting role in promoting equipment quality upgrades.

[0003] Against the backdrop of the in-depth development of high-end equipment manufacturing, and with the continuous improvement of my country's high-end equipment manufacturing level, large-scale equipment is increasingly widely used in key fields such as aerospace, aviation, shipbuilding, energy and power, and national defense engineering, becoming an important foundation for supporting major national strategic tasks and core equipment system capabilities. This type of equipment generally has characteristics such as complex structure, high integration, long service life, and harsh operating environment. Especially when deployed in deserts, Gobi, coastal areas, and plateau regions, it is exposed to high concentrations, wide particle sizes, and dynamically changing sand and dust environments for extended periods, facing severe challenges in environmental adaptability and long-term reliability. Among them, large deployable equipment, due to its motion mechanism and precision requirements, is particularly vulnerable to failure under sand and dust intrusion, becoming one of the key bottlenecks restricting its success in complex working conditions and field environments.

[0004] Dust storms, as a typical and highly hazardous natural environmental stress, pose a multi-path, multi-level, and multi-effect coupled threat to large deployable equipment. Dust storms can infiltrate internal transmission mechanisms, causing lubrication failure, component jamming, blockage, or drive failure, leading to mission delays or failures. Dust storms can penetrate into the equipment through weak points such as detection gaps, sealing interfaces, and cable penetrations, causing internal contamination or short circuits, severely affecting the system's functional integrity and reliability. Dust storms continuously impact and abrade exposed or semi-exposed components such as mechanical guide rails, rollers, gears, racks, and sealing strips, resulting in increased surface roughness, widened clearances, and degraded sealing performance, accelerating structural fatigue and lifespan reduction. Furthermore, the accumulation of dust storms in low-speed movement areas or areas of airflow stagnation can alter local mass distribution and aerodynamic characteristics, leading to uneven stress on the unlocking mechanism and subsequently causing system-level failures such as asynchronous deployment and attitude deviation.

[0005] Therefore, to conduct sand and dust environment adaptability assessments for large deployable equipment, it is urgent to construct a large-scale sand and dust environment simulation platform that is autonomously controllable, has precise parameters, and is scale-adaptable. This platform should realistically reproduce the full-cycle service conditions of the equipment in typical field scenarios such as deserts, Gobi, and plateaus. It should enable in-situ, dynamic monitoring and quantitative characterization of key processes such as the permeation characteristics of sealed interfaces, the motion hindrance of transmission mechanisms, surface abrasion evolution, and local accumulation effects of large deployable equipment. This will allow for a systematic evaluation of its environmental adaptability, failure evolution patterns, and full life cycle reliability, effectively ensuring the mission success rate, structural integrity, and operational safety of the equipment under complex working conditions and harsh field conditions. This will provide a scientific basis and solid technical support for the optimization of equipment environmental adaptability design, life prediction, and full life cycle management.

[0006] Sand and dust testing is a crucial component of the environmental adaptability verification system in the GJB150, GJB150A, and DO-160G series standards. It is also an indispensable compliance and technical basis for product finalization, quality certification, and full life-cycle environmental management. Especially for large deployable equipment with features such as deployment alignment and dynamic sealing, its environmental adaptability verification must cover test conditions at the whole-machine level, in all states, and under all operating conditions to truly reflect the failure modes and reliability levels in actual use scenarios.

[0007] Currently, domestic sand and dust tests are mainly conducted using standardized sand and dust test chambers, suitable for verifying small and medium-sized equipment or subsystem-level products. However, due to limitations in structural strength, airflow organization, and spatial scale, the maximum effective test space of existing equipment generally does not exceed 3m×3m×2m, which is insufficient to meet the testing requirements of large-scale equipment. Domestic practices for large-scale equipment testing often adopt a "disassembly + partial verification" model, where key components of large equipment are disassembled and sent to standard test chambers in batches for verification, or directly transported to natural desert regions such as Xinjiang and Gansu to conduct field exposure tests based on actual wind and sand conditions. The former cannot reflect the coupling effect of the entire system, while the latter, although possessing a certain degree of environmental realism, has significant shortcomings: First, the test window is greatly constrained by meteorological and natural conditions; sand and dust weather is uncontrollable and discontinuous, making stable reproduction difficult. Second, the test cycle is long, the organizational cost is high, and safety assurance is difficult, severely lacking timeliness and repeatability. Third, test parameters cannot be controlled, making it difficult to achieve standardized and quantified environmental stress application, resulting in high data dispersion and poor comparability. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a modular sand and dust testing device.

[0009] This invention provides the following technical solution: A modular sand and dust testing device includes an integrated skid-mounted air duct assembly, a sand box assembly, a wind speed control system, a dust control system, and a measurement system, wherein: The integrated skid-mounted air duct device includes a base, an air duct, a grille, and a sand box cover. The air duct is mounted on the base, the grille is located at the air outlet of the air duct, the sand box cover is installed below the air duct, and a vacuum generator is installed on the sand box cover. The vacuum generator has an air supply port, a vacuum port, and an exhaust port. The air supply port is connected to an air source, the vacuum port is connected to a first stainless steel capillary tube, and the exhaust port is connected to a second stainless steel capillary tube. The other end of the second stainless steel capillary tube extends through the bottom plate of the air duct into the air duct. The sand box device includes a sand box, a stirring rod, an elastic support assembly, a vibration motor, a gear reduction motor, a scissor lift mechanism, and a pneumatic system. The sand box device is mounted on a base, and the other end of the first stainless steel capillary extends into the sand box. The wind speed control system includes two variable frequency fans, a first wind speed sensor, a frequency converter, a PLC and a host computer. The variable frequency fans are installed at the air inlet of the air duct, and a protective net is installed at the air inlet of the variable frequency fans. The dust control system includes an electric proportional valve, a vacuum generator, and a first dust concentration sensor; The measurement system includes a movable measuring fixture, a second wind speed sensor, and a second dust concentration sensor.

[0010] Furthermore, the first wind speed sensor and the first dust concentration sensor are installed on the top of the air duct, and the second wind speed sensor and the second dust concentration sensor are fixed on a movable measuring fixture, which is located directly in front of the air outlet of the air duct.

[0011] Furthermore, the sand box cover consists of two rectangular cover plates, each with three holes for the first stainless steel capillary tube to pass through. The bottom of the air duct has six through holes for the second stainless steel capillary tube to pass through. There are six vacuum generators. Five vertical guide steel plates are evenly installed inside the air duct, dividing the interior of the air duct into six spaces, with each second stainless steel capillary tube corresponding to one space.

[0012] Furthermore, the stirring rod is placed inside the sand box, and the gear reduction motor is installed on the motor bracket on the front wall of the sand box and drives the two stirring rods to achieve forward and reverse rotation. A flip-type dust discharge cover is provided in the middle of the bottom of the sand box, and a pair of vibration motors are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the flip-type dust discharge cover.

[0013] Furthermore, the scissor lift mechanism is used to lift and support the sand box. Horizontal slide rails are installed on both sides of the upper end of the sand box, and the horizontal slide rails drive the sand box to move horizontally on the scissor lift mechanism.

[0014] Furthermore, the elastic support component includes a wear-resistant rubber sheet, on which two thin steel plates with a frame structure are symmetrically arranged on the upper and lower sides. Spring sleeves are symmetrically arranged on a pair of thin steel plates on the inner side of the wear-resistant rubber sheet, and springs are arranged inside the spring sleeves. The elastic support component is bonded to the upper end of the sand box.

[0015] Furthermore, the pneumatic system includes an air source, a cylinder, an air source processor, a throttle valve, and a manual valve. The air source, air source processor, throttle valve, manual valve, and cylinder are connected in sequence. The cylinder is fixed on the base and pushes the scissor lift mechanism to perform a lifting operation.

[0016] Furthermore, the first wind speed sensor, the second wind speed sensor, the first dust concentration sensor, and the second dust concentration sensor are all connected to the PLC, and the PLC is connected to the host computer.

[0017] Furthermore, the frequency converter, frequency converter fan, PLC, and host computer are connected in sequence.

[0018] Furthermore, the electro-proportional valve is connected to the gas source and the air supply port of the vacuum generator, respectively. The electro-proportional valve is also connected to the PLC, and the PLC is connected to the host computer.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. The base of the integrated skid-mounted air duct system is welded from a high-strength steel structure. The inner wall of the air duct is polished to reduce flow resistance and suppress dust deposition. Multiple vertical guide steel plates are arranged along the airflow direction inside the air duct, orderly dividing the main flow channel into parallel sub-channels, initially balancing the velocity distribution. A modular fiberglass grating is integrated at the end to further refine the airflow, eliminate eddies, and collaboratively achieve high uniformity of wind pressure and flow field in the test area, ensuring consistent stress on the specimen surface. The air duct and sand box are connected by a beveled stainless steel capillary tube, optimizing the dust particle spray angle and spatial dispersion uniformity. The entire system is based on a standardized skid-mounted chassis design, supporting rigid bolt anchoring, balancing structural stability, rapid on-site deployment capability, and modular expansion interfaces, ensuring safe and controllable operation and environmental adaptability.

[0020] 2. The sand box device adopts a pull-out structure design. A scissor lift mechanism is integrated at the bottom of the sand box, which, in conjunction with a cylinder, allows for smooth vertical lifting and lowering of the sand box. Heavy-duty guide rails on both sides of the sand box enable horizontal pulling, significantly simplifying the sand adding, cleaning, and maintenance processes. The sand box is equipped with a gear-driven stirring device, driving two stirring rods to operate synchronously in both forward and reverse directions. Additionally, a vibration motor is installed at the bottom of the sand box, working in conjunction with the elastic support components between the box cover and body to ensure efficient transmission of vibration energy to the sand layer, effectively breaking up dust agglomerates and maintaining a highly loose state, providing a solid foundation for a stable supply of sand and dust.

[0021] 3. The wind speed control system employs a collaborative design between two 15kW variable frequency fans and the ductwork. Real-time feedback from wind speed sensors is received via a PLC, and the fan speed is dynamically adjusted using a PID algorithm, constructing a high-precision closed-loop wind speed control circuit. This ensures stable and controllable wind speed in the test area (fluctuation ≤ ±5%), with an effective wind speed of 14.5–16.7 m / s, significantly exceeding the typical desert wind speed of 8.9 m / s required by the GJB150.12A-2009 standard, providing ample capacity margin. The parallel operation of the two variable frequency fans enhances system redundancy and adjustment flexibility. Flexible rubber pads connect the duct inlet and fan outlet to buffer vibration, providing structural protection and multi-level safety safeguards for long-term reliable system operation.

[0022] 4. The dust control system adopts a three-in-one coordinated strategy of "vibration loosening - vacuum ejection - proportional control". An air compressor provides a stable air source, which, after adjustment by an electric proportional valve, drives a vacuum generator to create a controllable negative pressure at the throat, efficiently ejecting the dust-laden airflow within the sand box. Inside the sand box, a vibrating motor and a stirring device work together to maintain the dust in a "quasi-fluidized" state, ensuring continuous and uniform dust supply. The PLC dynamically adjusts the proportional valve opening based on real-time feedback from the dust concentration sensor, constructing a closed-loop control circuit for dust concentration to ensure that the dust concentration remains stable at 10.6±7 g / m³, as required by the GJB150.12A-2009 standard, across all wind speed ranges. 3This enables the application and highly repeatable reproduction of environmental stress in sand and dust environments.

[0023] 5. The measurement system integrates control and monitoring functions. A closed-loop control circuit is constructed using the wind speed sensor and dust concentration sensor integrated into the device itself. This allows for real-time and precise regulation of the fan and dust supply system. Simultaneously, monitoring is achieved through wind speed and dust concentration sensors integrated into a rigid, movable measuring fixture, enabling real-time comparison and uniformity verification of control parameters against the actual measurement environment. All data is uniformly uploaded to a host computer platform, supporting parameter setting, over-limit alarms, and historical data traceability. It also incorporates safety interlocks such as air source pressure, fan overload, and emergency stop. In case of abnormalities, automatic protection and complete recording ensure experimental safety, data reliability, and process traceability.

[0024] 6. The modular open sand and dust test device of the present invention can ensure the safety and reliability of the test process, reproduce the boundary conditions of large equipment in sand and dust environment, construct wind-dust synergistic loading environment, simulate the actual service status of equipment in harsh sand and dust scenarios such as desert and drought, accurately measure the sealing performance and structural response characteristics of whole-machine large equipment under dynamic sand and dust invasion, and provide a reliable basis for the environmental adaptability design and reliability assessment of equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the base; Figure 3 This is a diagram of the air duct. Figure 1 ; Figure 4 This is a diagram of the air duct. Figure 2 ; Figure 5 This is a diagram of the air duct. Figure 3 ; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the combination of the base and the air duct; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a vacuum generator; Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the combination of the air duct base plate, vacuum generator, first stainless steel capillary tube and second stainless steel capillary tube. Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the combination of the sand box, the elastic support assembly, and the scissor lift mechanism; Figure 10 This is a diagram of a sandbox. Figure 1 ; Figure 11 This is a diagram of a sandbox. Figure 2 ; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the elastic support component; Figure 13 yes Figure 12 Cross-sectional view; Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of wear-resistant rubber. Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of a thin steel plate; Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the combination of wear-resistant rubber and thin steel plate; Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of a stirring rod. Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of a wind speed control system; Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of a dust control system; Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of a scissor lift mechanism; Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram of the measurement system.

[0026] Among them, 1-base, 2-air duct, 211-air duct base plate, 212-through hole, 213-guide steel plate, 3-grating mesh, 4-sand box cover, 411-cover plate, 412-short pipe, 5-vacuum generator, 511-air supply port, 512-vacuum port, 513-exhaust port, 6-first stainless steel capillary tube, 7-second stainless steel capillary tube, 8-sand box, 811-horizontal slide rail, 9-stirring rod, 10-elastic support assembly, 101-wear-resistant rubber, 102-thin steel plate, 103-spring column sleeve, 104-spring 11-Vibration motor, 12-Gear reduction motor, 13-Scissor lift mechanism, 14-Variable frequency fan, 15-First wind speed sensor, 16-Variable frequency drive, 17-PLC, 18-Host computer, 19-Protective net, 20-Electrical proportional valve, 21-First dust concentration sensor, 22-Movable measuring fixture, 23-Second wind speed sensor, 24-Second dust concentration sensor, 25-Flip-type dust discharge cover, 26-Cylinder, 27-Air source processor, 28-Throttle valve, 29-Manual valve, 30-Counterweight. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0028] like Figures 1-21 As shown, a modular sand and dust testing device includes an integrated skid-mounted duct system, a sand box system, a wind speed control system, a dust control system, and a measurement system, wherein: The integrated skid-mounted air duct device includes a base 1, an air duct 2, a grid 3, and a sand box cover 4. The air duct 2 is mounted on the base 1, the grid 3 is mounted at the air outlet of the air duct 2, and the sand box cover 4 is mounted below the air duct 2. A vacuum generator 5 is mounted on the sand box cover 4. The vacuum generator 5 is provided with an air supply port 511, a vacuum port 512, and an exhaust port 513. The air supply port 511 is connected to an air source, the vacuum port 512 is connected to a first stainless steel capillary tube 6, and the exhaust port 513 is connected to a second stainless steel capillary tube 7. The other end of the second stainless steel capillary tube 7 extends through the air duct bottom plate 211 into the air duct 2. The sand box device includes a sand box 8, a stirring rod 9, an elastic support assembly 10, a vibration motor 11, a gear reduction motor 12, a scissor lifting mechanism 13, and a pneumatic system. The sand box device is mounted on a base 1, and the other end of the first stainless steel capillary tube 6 extends into the sand box 8. The wind speed control system includes two variable frequency fans 14, a first wind speed sensor 15, a frequency converter 16, a PLC 17 and a host computer 18. The variable frequency fans 14 are installed at the air inlet of the air duct 2, and a protective net 19 is installed at the air inlet of the variable frequency fans 14. The dust control system includes an electric proportional valve 20, a vacuum generator 5, and a first dust concentration sensor 21; The measurement system includes a movable measuring fixture 22, a second wind speed sensor 23, and a second dust concentration sensor 24.

[0029] The modular sand and dust testing device has a first wind speed sensor 15 and a first dust concentration sensor 21 installed on the top of the air duct 2, and a second wind speed sensor 23 and a second dust concentration sensor 24 fixed on a movable measuring fixture 22, which is located directly in front of the air outlet of the air duct 2.

[0030] The modular sand and dust test device has a sand box cover 4 consisting of two cover plates 411. The two cover plates 411 are rectangular, and each cover plate 411 has three holes evenly distributed for the first stainless steel capillary tube 6 to pass through. The bottom plate 211 of the air duct 2 has six through holes 212 for the second stainless steel capillary tube 7 to pass through. There are six vacuum generators 5. Five vertical guide steel plates 213 are evenly distributed and installed in the air duct 2, dividing the interior of the air duct 2 into six spaces, with each second stainless steel capillary tube 7 corresponding to one space.

[0031] The modular sand and dust test device has a stirring rod 9 installed inside a sand box 8. The gear reduction motor 12 is installed on the motor bracket on the front wall of the sand box 8 and drives the two stirring rods 9 to achieve forward and reverse rotation. A flip-type dust discharge cover 25 is provided in the middle of the bottom of the sand box 8. A pair of vibration motors 11 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the flip-type dust discharge cover 25.

[0032] The modular sand and dust testing device has a scissor lift mechanism 13 for lifting and supporting the sand box 8. Horizontal slide rails 811 are installed on both sides of the upper end of the sand box 8. The horizontal slide rails 811 can drive the sand box 8 to move horizontally on the scissor lift mechanism 13.

[0033] The modular sand and dust testing device includes an elastic support component 10 comprising a wear-resistant rubber sheet 101. Two thin steel plates 102 with a frame structure are symmetrically arranged on the upper and lower sides of the wear-resistant rubber sheet 101. Spring sleeves 103 are symmetrically arranged on the pair of thin steel plates 102 inside the wear-resistant rubber sheet 101. Springs 104 are arranged inside the spring sleeves 103. The elastic support component 10 is bonded to the upper end of the sand box 8.

[0034] The modular sand and dust testing device includes a pneumatic system comprising an air source, a cylinder 26, an air source processor 27, a throttle valve 28, and a manual valve 29. The air source, air source processor 27, throttle valve 28, manual valve 29, and cylinder 26 are connected in sequence. The cylinder 26 is fixed on the base 1 and pushes the scissor lift mechanism 13 to perform a lifting operation.

[0035] The modular sand and dust test device has its first wind speed sensor 15, second wind speed sensor 23, first dust concentration sensor 21 and second dust concentration sensor 24 all connected to the PLC 17, and the PLC 17 is connected to the host computer 18.

[0036] The modular sand and dust test device is wherein the frequency converter 16, the frequency converter fan 14, the PLC 17 and the host computer 18 are connected in sequence.

[0037] The modular sand and dust test device has an electric proportional valve 20 connected to the air source and the air supply port of the vacuum generator 5, respectively. The electric proportional valve 20 is also connected to the PLC 17, and the PLC 17 is connected to the host computer 18.

[0038] In the dust blowing test of large deployable equipment, the following requirements are required for the device: (1) The integrated skid-mounted air duct device needs to achieve orderly airflow division, uniform flow refinement and spatial dispersion of dust particles, to ensure uniform distribution of wind speed and dust concentration in the test area, and to truly reproduce the consistency of sand and dust attack on various parts of the equipment; (2) The sand box device needs to achieve convenient dust filling, efficient cleaning, anti-caking treatment and continuous and stable supply, to maintain the "quasi-fluidized" state of sand and dust, to ensure uniform and controllable dust supply process, and to meet the requirements of continuous dust supply and concentration stability for long-term tests; (3) The wind speed and dust control system needs to achieve all-round, no-dead-angle dust blowing coverage of the entire surface of the large deployable equipment, and apply dynamic sand and dust environmental stress (wind speed 8.9m / s, concentration 10.6±7g / m) in accordance with GJB150.12A-2009 standard through the closed-loop control logic of wind speed and dust concentration. 3 (4) The measurement system needs to collect, display and record key parameters such as wind speed and dust concentration in real time, support the synchronous comparison and verification of the main body control loop and the mobile measurement tool data, and have multiple safety interlock functions such as parameter over-limit alarm, air source pressure monitoring, fan overload protection and emergency stop, and automatically protect and record in real time to ensure that the test data is traceable and the process is safe and controllable.

[0039] In this invention: The integrated skid-mounted air duct device is used to construct an efficient airflow channel, optimize the flow field organization, eliminate eddies and dead zones, and ensure that wind speed and dust are evenly dispersed and subjected to consistent force in the test area.

[0040] The sand box device is used to prevent the dust from caking and loosening, ensure a continuous and stable supply, and support efficient and convenient operation of filling, cleaning and maintenance.

[0041] The wind speed control system is used to dynamically maintain a stable wind speed field that meets the standard requirements, ensuring that the wind speed in the test area is constant at 8.9 m / s (fluctuation ≤ ±5%) and that the spatial distribution is uniform, meeting the dust blowing coverage requirements of the whole machine.

[0042] The dust control system is used to dynamically maintain a dust concentration field that meets the standard requirements, ensuring continuous and uniform dust supply and a stable concentration of 10.6±7 g / m³. 3 This enables the quantifiable reproduction of environmental stress in sand and dust environments.

[0043] The measurement system is used for real-time monitoring and closed-loop control of key environmental parameters, synchronous verification of the uniformity of the test area, and integration of safety interlocks, over-limit protection and full-process data traceability management to ensure the safety, accuracy and reliability of the test.

[0044] The integrated skid-mounted air duct device includes a base 1, an air duct 2, a grid 3, and a sand box cover 4. The base 1 is welded from Q235 square tubing, possessing excellent load-bearing capacity and structural rigidity. As the core supporting component connecting the variable frequency fan 14 and the air duct 2, it ensures the stable operation of the overall system structure. Its skid-mounted structure design facilitates overall hoisting and movement, quickly adapting to the deployment needs of different test sites, significantly improving the equipment's on-site adaptability and deployment efficiency. It also supports rigid bolt anchoring, balancing structural stability and installation convenience, ensuring operational safety, controllability, and environmental adaptability. The air duct 2, as a key component in the system for airflow guidance, flow equalization, and dust particle transport, directly determines the airflow uniformity and stability within the test area. The air duct 2 is welded from Q235 steel, with external square tubing reinforcing ribs to effectively enhance structural rigidity and deformation resistance. The outlet size of the air duct 2 is 3000mm × 500mm, employing a smooth transition design to effectively reduce local eddy current losses, ensuring a stable and uniform sand and dust environment to the test area. The air inlet of duct 2 and the air outlet of variable frequency fan 14 are connected by flexible rubber pads, effectively isolating equipment vibration, reducing vibration coupling, and improving the stability and reliability of system operation. The inner wall of duct 2 is polished, significantly reducing airflow resistance, preventing dust accumulation, and ensuring long-term cleanliness and efficiency. Multiple vertical guide steel plates 213 are arranged inside duct 2 along the airflow direction, orderly dividing the mainstream airflow into multiple parallel sub-channels, achieving a preliminary balanced distribution of flow velocity. The sand box cover 4 adopts a horizontally symmetrical structure design, with two cover plates made of high-strength steel plates. Each cover plate has three uniformly distributed stainless steel capillary tubes of 10 mm diameter and equal length on its upper and lower surfaces, achieving a uniform dust conveying path design. The stainless steel material has excellent corrosion resistance and wear resistance, allowing for long-term stable operation in harsh conditions of high dust and high wear, ensuring the system's long-term reliability. The cover plate 411 is rigidly connected to the bottom of the air duct 2 via six short pipes 412, forming a stable and reliable structural support system. Simultaneously, the cavity area between the sand box cover 4 and the air duct 2 is used to install the vacuum generator 5, achieving system functional integration and efficient space utilization. The grid mesh 3 uses commercially available fiberglass grid mesh, which features high load-bearing capacity, light weight, and excellent electrical insulation. Installed at the air outlet of the air duct 2, a vertical insertion port is provided at the top of the air outlet. The modular grid mesh 3 is vertically inserted along the guide groove to the predetermined position and then fixed by the locking buckles on both sides of the top, greatly simplifying the assembly and disassembly process and improving the adaptability and flexibility of the equipment. As a flow field refinement device, the grid mesh 3 further rectifies the airflow and eliminates residual eddies. Working in conjunction with the guide steel plate 213 and the air duct 2 structure, it achieves a high degree of uniformity in wind pressure and flow field in the test area, ensuring the consistency of the stress state on the specimen surface and providing a reliable guarantee for the accuracy of the test data.

[0045] The air duct 2 is... Figure 5The two structures shown are arranged opposite each other. The air outlet of the air duct 2 adopts a smooth transition structure design, effectively eliminating local eddies and pressure loss. After the air duct 2 and the base 1 are installed, the overall level is calibrated using a laser level to prevent flow field distortion caused by installation deviation. Six 10 mm diameter first stainless steel capillary tubes 6 are installed at the bottom of the air duct 2 through through-plate compression fittings, and six 10 mm diameter second stainless steel capillary tubes 7 are installed on the sand box cover 4, and connected to six vacuum generators 5 respectively, to ensure uniform airflow distribution. The vacuum generators 5 are fixed to the top of the sand box cover 4 for dust conveying and negative pressure control. The capillary outlet end of the first stainless steel capillary tube 6 adopts a beveled design to optimize the consistency of dust particle spray angle and direction, effectively alleviating the problem of uneven dust distribution caused by path differences, and improving the initial suspension mass and dispersion uniformity of dust in the airflow.

[0046] The sand box device includes a sand box 8, a stirring rod 9, an elastic support assembly 10, a vibration motor 11, a gear reduction motor 12, a scissor lift mechanism 13, and a pneumatic system. The scissor lift mechanism 13, serving as the load-bearing platform and vertical movement mechanism of the entire sand box device, is welded from Q235 square tubing, exhibiting excellent structural rigidity and durability. The pneumatic system consists of an air source, a cylinder 26, an air source processor 27, a throttle valve 28, and a manual valve 29. It employs an open-loop control method, using compressed air as the power medium. The cylinder acts as a pneumatic actuator, driving the push rod of the scissor lift mechanism to extend or retract the scissor arm, achieving smooth vertical lifting of the sand box 8. The cylinder 26 and the push rod are hinged, effectively adapting to angle changes during movement, reducing stress concentration, and ensuring smooth transmission. The air source processor 27 is a dual-unit AC25B-02-A, integrating filtration and pressure reduction functions. Its built-in high-efficiency filter effectively removes impurities from compressed air and stores contaminants in the filter cup, ensuring the dryness and cleanliness of the output gas. The pressure reducing valve is equipped with a self-locking mechanism, which locks the valve core position after pressure setting to prevent pressure drift due to external vibration or misoperation, ensuring system stability and safety. A pressure gauge is also included for real-time monitoring of the outlet pressure, enabling visualized adjustment and precise control. Cylinder 26, model CTSI-50×300-LB, has a 300mm stroke, rapid response, and can stably drive the scissor mechanism to complete lifting and lowering actions. The system is equipped with a VH300-02 hand-operated valve 29 as the main control directional valve, realizing the on / off and reversal control of the air path, offering simple operation and high reliability. Throttling valve 28, model SEJR6 one-way throttle valve, is installed on the main intake line of cylinder 26, controlling the piston speed by adjusting the gas flow rate. By combining the pressure reducing valve of the air source processor 27 for graded regulation of system pressure and the stepless flow control of the throttle valve 28, the system can achieve multi-level pressure and speed matching, meeting the requirements for smooth start-up, uniform speed operation, and buffer stop under different loads, significantly improving the controllability and safety of the operation process. Two TB-100 single-phase 220V vibration motors 11 are symmetrically installed at the bottom of the sand box 8, with a rated power of 120W and a vibration force of 105kg per motor. The symmetrical arrangement of the dual motors effectively cancels the lateral vibration component, ensuring that the excitation force direction is vertical, and improving the uniformity and transmission efficiency of vibration. Through series control by a digital display speed controller, the vibration frequency and amplitude can be adjusted, effectively stimulating the movement of sand particles, promoting dust lifting, breaking the agglomeration state, and significantly improving the fluidity and dispersion uniformity of sand particles. The stirring system is driven by a gear reduction motor 12, model 5IK140RGN-C / Y, equipped with a reduction ratio of 25:1, an output speed of 60rpm, and an output torque of 190kg·cm, possessing high load capacity and operational stability. The two stirring rods 9 are driven by a two-stage gear transmission mechanism to achieve alternating forward and reverse operation.The stirring rod 9 adopts a paddle-like structure with alternating straight blades, which can penetrate deep into the sand layer, effectively break up sand clumps, promote uniform mixing of sand particles, prevent sedimentation and agglomeration, improve stirring efficiency and uniformity, and ensure that the sand particles reach an ideal loose state under the combined action of vibration and stirring. The two stirring rods 9 are connected by a coupling. The sand box 8 is made of Q235 steel plate welded into a V-shaped funnel structure, which is conducive to the concentration of sand and dust at the bottom, avoids dead corners of material accumulation, and improves discharge efficiency. The front wall of the sand box is equipped with two 90-degree right-angle buckles. After the sand box has completed feeding and unloading and returned to its initial position, the operator can manually fasten the buckles to form a rigid connection, effectively limiting the lateral displacement of the sand box. The bottom of the box is equipped with a flip-type dust discharge cover 25 with two angled handles. The sealing cover can be tightened by rotating the handles, which is simple to operate and provides a reliable seal. Two heavy-duty slide rails (model DRRD43-1170) are installed on both sides of the sand box, with a lateral load capacity of 509N per rail, ensuring smooth and safe extraction of the sand box. During unloading, the sand box 8 is smoothly pulled out to the designated position via the heavy-duty slide rails, and a plastic receiving box is placed underneath. By unscrewing the angled handle, the flip-type dust discharge cover 25 automatically flips open around the hinge under the gravity of the sand dust, achieving fast and clean unloading, greatly improving maintenance efficiency and operational safety. The elastic support component 10 serves as a key transition structure between the sand box 8 and the sand box cover 4, and is fixed to the upper surface of the sand box. The main body is a composite sandwich structure composed of thin steel plate 102 and rubber wear-resistant rubber sheet 101, and is equipped with spring column sleeve 103 and stainless steel spring 104 to form the elastic support component. When the scissor lift mechanism 13 drives the sand box 8 to rise until the elastic support component is flush with the sand box cover 4, the elastic support component 10 establishes a flexible connection between the sand box 8 and the sand box cover 4, effectively achieving synchronous vibration of the sand box 8 under the excitation of the vibration motor 11, and avoiding vibration transmission failure due to rigid contact. The wear-resistant rubber layer and the built-in stainless steel spring work together to provide sufficient support rigidity while possessing excellent dynamic deformation capability and vibration transmission characteristics, ensuring that vibration energy is efficiently transferred to the sand box, promoting full fluidization and lifting of sand particles, and significantly improving the vibration efficiency and working performance of the equipment.

[0047] Heavy-duty horizontal slide rails 811 are installed on both sides of the sand box 8 and connected to the scissor lift mechanism 13. The gear reduction motor 12 is mounted on the motor bracket on the front wall of the sand box 8 and drives two stirring rods 9 through two-stage gear transmission to achieve alternating forward and reverse operation, effectively breaking up agglomerated dust and ensuring continuous powder supply. Two vibration motors 11 are symmetrically installed at the bottom of the sand box 8 and controlled in series through a digital display speed controller. The vibration frequency and amplitude can be adjusted according to different dust characteristics to achieve efficient loosening of sand particles.

[0048] The wear-resistant rubber 101 is bonded to two thin steel plates 102 on the top and bottom and then clamped. The stainless steel spring 104 is assembled to the spring sleeve 103 to form an elastic support assembly 10, which is then bonded and fixed to the upper surface of the sand box 8.

[0049] The sand box device is integrally welded to the base 1, with the center of the sand box 8 aligned with the bottom center of the sand box cover 4. The cylinder 26 is fixed to the base 1, and its piston rod front end is hinged to the push rod of the scissor lift mechanism 13 via a fisheye connector to adapt to angle changes and ensure smooth lifting and lowering. The air source processor 27 is connected to the throttle valve 28, the manual valve 29, and the cylinder 26 in sequence through air pipes to complete the pneumatic system connection, providing a clean and stable compressed air power source. All air circuit interfaces adopt a leak-proof quick-connect design and have pressure monitoring function, comprehensively ensuring the safety and reliability of operations such as lifting, feeding, and sealing of the sand box 8.

[0050] The wind speed control system includes two variable frequency fans 14, a first wind speed sensor 15, a frequency converter 16, a PLC 17, and a host computer 18. As the power core of the sand and dust testing device, the wind speed control system is responsible for providing a stable and controllable airflow source, driving dust particles to be transported within the duct and forming a uniformly distributed dust-blowing environment. The system is equipped with two HTF series variable frequency fans, each with a power of 15kW and a rated airflow range of 46,000~53,000 m³ / h. The dual-fan collaborative operation design significantly improves the system's total airflow output capacity and enhances operational redundancy and adjustment flexibility. Stepless speed regulation is achieved through frequency conversion control, allowing the system to dynamically adjust the fan speed according to different test conditions, ensuring that the airflow speed meets the test requirements and providing reliable power for sand and dust testing. To ensure long-term stable operation of the system, a protective net woven from high-strength steel wire is installed at the fan inlet. This net has a robust structure and excellent compressive strength, corrosion resistance, and mechanical stability. During wind turbine operation, a strong negative pressure forms at the air inlet, easily drawing in surrounding debris. The protective mesh effectively blocks various foreign objects from entering the wind turbine, preventing impeller collisions, bearing damage, or motor malfunctions, thus avoiding test interruptions or equipment damage due to equipment abnormalities. The wind speed sensor, model JY-GD2, has a range of 0-20 m / s and meets the technical requirements of 8.9 m / s for typical desert wind speeds in GJB150.12A-2009. This sensor operates based on the principle of heat dissipation, offering advantages such as fast response and small sample volume, making it particularly suitable for accurate measurements in low wind speed ranges. The sensor output signal is a standard 4-20mA analog signal, with a power supply voltage of 24V, providing good anti-interference capabilities and long-distance transmission stability. Its housing is made of high-temperature resistant and corrosion-resistant materials, ensuring long-term stable operation in high-dust and high-temperature / humidity fluctuation test environments. The internally integrated microcontroller enables full-range digital calibration and features linear and temperature compensation functions, effectively eliminating environmental interference, avoiding zero-point drift, and significantly improving measurement accuracy, repeatability, and long-term stability. Its wide range ratio and high resolution make it excellent in detecting minute airflow changes, providing reliable data support for system closed-loop control. The inverter 16, a high-performance vector inverter (model S350-G15 / P18.5T4B), is used for the control and regulation of a three-phase AC asynchronous motor. This inverter boasts excellent dynamic response performance, supports low-speed, high-torque output, has outstanding overload capacity, rich control combination functions, and stable and reliable operation. By receiving control commands from the PLC17, it adjusts the motor speed and output torque in real time, achieving precise control of the fan's operating status and ensuring smooth and continuous airflow output. The PLC17, model CJ2M-CPU33, possesses powerful logic processing capabilities and modular expandability. By using a preset control program, the feedback signal from the wind speed sensor is collected in real time, compared with the target set value, and after closed-loop calculation by the PID algorithm, the adjustment command is output to the frequency converter to dynamically adjust the fan speed and realize closed-loop control of wind speed.Meanwhile, the system has functions such as recording operation data, self-diagnosis and alarm of faults, and remote modification of parameters. It supports upper computer monitoring and data management, which significantly improves the automation and intelligence level of the test process and facilitates test data traceability and equipment operation and maintenance management.

[0051] The variable frequency fan 14 is connected to the air inlet of the air duct 2 via a flange, enabling stepless speed regulation and precise airflow adjustment. A 5mm rubber vibration damping pad is installed between the base of the variable frequency fan 14 and the base 1 to effectively isolate the transmission of mechanical vibration and avoid interference with the test flow field. A protective mesh 19 is welded to the air inlet to prevent the intake of external foreign objects, which could cause impeller damage or system failure, thus improving operational safety.

[0052] The first wind speed sensor 15 is positioned at a pre-set hole at the top of the air duct 2, serving as the main control feedback element. The probe adopts a double-fixed structure with threaded seal and silicone sealing ring to ensure airtightness and long-term stability, preventing dust intrusion that could cause sensor failure. The sensor cable is connected to the control cabinet and grounded. Core control components such as the frequency converter 16, electric proportional valve 20, and PLC 17 are encapsulated within the control cabinet, providing overvoltage, overcurrent, short circuit, and overload protection. The wiring uses shielded cables and is reliably grounded. It integrates air source monitoring, fan overload protection, and emergency stop functions. The PLC 17 is programmed to implement closed-loop wind speed control logic. The host computer 18 has a preset wind speed operation program, supporting manual operation and automatic program switching (parameter setting). It also has modules for automatic alarm when wind speed exceeds limits, data traceability, and real-time synchronization with the measurement system (data recording and curve playback).

[0053] The dust control system includes an electro-proportional valve 20, a vacuum generator 5, and a first dust concentration sensor 21. Dust concentration is a core indicator for measuring the severity of the test. To meet the technical requirement of 10.6±7 g / m³ for dust blowing tests specified in GJB150.12A-2009, a highly efficient, stable, and closed-loop controlled pneumatic dust collection and concentration regulation system was constructed. This system enables dynamic monitoring and precise control of dust concentration in the test environment, ensuring the repeatability and data reliability of the test process. The electro-proportional valve 20, model IVT2050-312L, is installed in the compressed air inlet pipeline and serves as the system's flow regulation actuator. Stepless linear adjustment of the valve opening is achieved through input electrical signals, thereby controlling the flow of compressed air entering the vacuum generator and ensuring stable and adjustable operation of the vacuum generator. The mainboard of the equipment adopts a flame-retardant design, integrates a high-performance CPU, has fast processing speed, sensitive response, and excellent anti-interference capabilities. A built-in high-frequency display screen supports real-time on-site monitoring and parameter setting. Electrical signals and power supply are electrically isolated, effectively preventing signal crosstalk and leakage risks, and improving system safety and operational stability. Vacuum generator 5, model ZH13DS-08-10-10, is installed on the upper part of the sand box cover. Based on the Laval tube principle, when compressed air flows at high speed through the nozzle, a low-pressure zone is formed at the throat, which then induced surrounding gas to generate a stable negative pressure. The maximum vacuum degree is -88Kpa, the maximum suction flow rate is 40L / min, and the air consumption is 78L / min. Through continuous and stable suction, the dust-laden air raised in the sand box is drawn into the air duct, forming a uniform and controllable dust airflow field, simulating a real sand and dust environment. The first dust concentration sensor, model SLDFC-ZX, is installed above the air duct, with the probe fixed inside the duct. It has a range of 0-30g / m³ and is used to continuously monitor the dust concentration in the air duct. It adopts the principle of electrostatic charge induction; when dust particles flow past the fixed probe, the probe generates an electrostatic charge, the amount of which is proportional to the mass of dust passing through per unit time. After signal amplification, a standard 4–20mA current signal is output, supporting 24V circuit power supply and possessing good compatibility and anti-interference capabilities. The sensor adopts a passive electronic circuit structure, exhibiting excellent vibration resistance, and the carbon rod length can be customized according to the duct depth to ensure precise measurement position and improve detection accuracy. The dust control system and wind speed control system share the same PLC platform (model CJ2M-CPU33), allowing operators to perform unified acquisition, real-time monitoring, collaborative control, and information exchange of multi-variable dust and wind speed data on a single host computer interface, enhancing system linkage and human-machine interaction convenience. The PLC acquires concentration data in real time, combines it with preset target values, and adjusts the opening of the electro-proportional valve in real time through a feedback algorithm to control the airflow entering the vacuum generator, thereby linearly adjusting the vacuum level and dust collection capacity to achieve dynamic balance and stability of dust concentration.

[0054] The first dust concentration sensor 21 is installed at a preset hole at the top of the air duct 2, serving as the main control feedback element. The probe adopts a double-fixing structure of threaded seal and silicone sealing ring. Combined with the PLC17 program algorithm, the opening of the electro-proportional valve 20 is adjusted in real time to keep the dust concentration stably maintained at 10.6±7g / m³. 3 Within the target range. The system is also equipped with an air source processor 27, which can filter and regulate the pressure of compressed air. In case of a fault, PLC17 automatically triggers an over-limit alarm and activates the emergency stop mechanism to cut off the air source and power supply, preventing dust overflow or equipment damage. The control system (wind speed control system, dust control system) supports real-time data synchronization with the host computer 18, and has functions such as concentration anomaly warning, historical data tracing, and data generation, realizing visualized monitoring and safety interlock protection of the entire dust conveying process.

[0055] The electric proportional valve 20 receives the analog signal output by PLC17 and dynamically adjusts the compressed air flow rate, thereby controlling the vacuum negative pressure intensity and realizing the controllable transportation of dust from sand box 8 to air duct 2.

[0056] The measurement system includes a movable measuring fixture 22, a second wind speed sensor 23, and a second dust concentration sensor 24. The movable measuring fixture 22 is welded from Q235 steel plate, with an overall rectangular frame structure, providing excellent structural strength and stability. Four omnidirectional casters (with brakes) are installed at the bottom, supporting flexible movement and precise positioning to meet the needs of various working conditions. A central support pole of the movable measuring fixture is designed to accommodate a counterweight 30, effectively improving the overall anti-tipping capability and ensuring system stability under high wind speed operation conditions, preventing equipment displacement or tipping due to airflow disturbances. The second wind speed sensor 23 and the second dust concentration sensor 24 are integrated and installed at the top. The sensor models are consistent with those used in the control system, ensuring data consistency and comparability. Sensor signals are connected to the PLC via shielded cables through a reserved measurement interface in the control cabinet. The measurement system shares the same PLC platform (model CJ2M-CPU33) with the dust and wind speed control systems, and is then connected to a host computer monitoring system to achieve synchronous acquisition, real-time display, and historical storage of control parameters and measured data. The measurement system integrates control and monitoring functions. It constructs a closed-loop control circuit using wind speed and dust concentration sensors integrated into the device itself, enabling real-time and precise regulation of the fan and dust supply system. Simultaneously, wind speed and dust concentration sensors integrated into a rigid, movable measuring fixture perform multi-point monitoring of the wind speed and dust concentration fields within the test area, achieving real-time comparison and uniformity verification of control parameters with the actual test environment. All data is uploaded to a unified host computer platform, supporting parameter setting, over-limit alarms, and historical data traceability. It also incorporates safety interlocks such as air source pressure, fan overload, and emergency stop, automatically protecting against and fully recording any abnormalities to ensure experimental safety, data reliability, and process traceability.

[0057] The measurement and control systems (wind speed control system and dust control system) share the PLC17 and host computer 18 platform, enabling real-time comparison of dual-channel data (control-measurement) to verify the uniformity of wind speed and dust concentration, and the consistency of the control system's response. The host computer 18 software includes functions such as parameter setting, over-limit alarms, data backup, and historical curve playback, supporting data recording and export throughout the entire test process. The system supports independent testing of each of the 11 modular devices and synchronous monitoring during joint operation, ensuring the realism of the environmental simulation and the reliability of the data for the large equipment (32m×12m) within a 33m longitudinal and 15m transverse wide dust blowing range.

[0058] The probes of the second wind speed sensor 23 and the second dust concentration sensor 24 are double-fixed to the preset holes in the movable measuring fixture 22 by threads and silicone rings, ensuring long-term operation without failure in high dust environments. The movable measuring fixture 22 is deployed directly in front of the air outlet of the air duct 2, with a counterweight 30 added to the central upright to prevent measurement deviation caused by strong winds. The sensor cables are connected to the reserved measurement interface in the control cabinet, and the shielding layer is reliably grounded to avoid signal interference. It can realize the "control-measurement" dual-channel data comparison between the measurement system and the control system (wind speed control system, dust control system), complete the installation and connection of the core components of each system, and realize the environmental adaptability test of various equipment under sand and dust environment stress.

[0059] The system compares the data from the first wind speed sensor 15 (for control) and the second wind speed sensor 23 (for measurement) to verify the control accuracy and response consistency in real time, ensuring that wind speed fluctuations are controlled within ±5%, forming an integrated closed-loop system of "sensing-control-feedback" to fully protect the stability and repeatability of system operation.

[0060] This device, centered on a functionally integrated and structurally standardized single module, can independently achieve omnidirectional and continuous dust blowing coverage of medium-sized test specimens. It also supports multi-module collaborative expansion, enabling dust blowing testing and systematic verification from component-level to complete machine-level equipment. It provides independent functional protection for each subsystem, and through centralized PLC control, unified scheduling by the host computer, and collaborative monitoring by multiple sensors, a complete safety interlocking system is constructed. It features multiple protection mechanisms, including fan overload protection, air source pressure fluctuation monitoring, emergency stop response, and data integrity verification, enabling continuous operation testing with fault-free shutdown. It possesses omnidirectional scalability, supporting modular integration in any combination of horizontal, vertical, and center directions to build customized sand and dust testing platforms to meet the testing needs of test specimens of different sizes. The system exhibits excellent scalability and compatibility, adapting to various standard dust sources, supporting customized program control, and capable of conducting environmental adaptability assessments of various equipment under sand and dust environmental stresses according to GJB150, GJB150A, and DO-160G series standards.

[0061] In summary, this invention takes a functionally integrated and structurally standardized single module as its core, which can independently complete the all-round and continuous dust blowing coverage of medium-sized test samples. At the same time, it supports the collaborative expansion of multiple modules to realize the dust blowing test assessment and systematic verification of equipment from the component level to the whole machine level, thereby completing the dust blowing test assessment of large deployable equipment (32m×12m).

[0062] The specific experimental steps are as follows: 1. A base 1, welded from Q235 square tubing, serves as the reference platform for the dust test device. The inner wall of the air duct 2 is polished to reduce airflow resistance. Five vertical guide steel plates 213 are evenly installed along the airflow direction to achieve orderly airflow division and initial flow uniformity. The air outlet of the air duct 2 adopts a smooth transition design to eliminate local eddies. Six 10mm diameter stainless steel capillary tubes 6 are symmetrically installed in the pre-reserved holes at the bottom of the air duct 2 using through-plate compression fittings. Each stainless steel capillary tube corresponds to one vacuum generator 5, with a total of six configured for dust conveying and negative pressure control. The air duct 2 is rigidly connected to the base 1 using bolts. After connection, a laser level is used to calibrate the levelness of the base to avoid subsequent distortion of the flow field in the air duct 2. Twelve evenly distributed symmetrical Q235 short pipes 412 are used to weld the sand box cover 4 (two cover plates 411, each cover plate 411 corresponding to one sand box device) to the bottom of the air duct 2. Six vacuum generators 5 are connected to the top of the sand box cover 4 with bolts. Six second stainless steel capillary tubes 7 with a diameter of 10 mm are then symmetrically installed in the reserved holes of the sand box cover 4 through plate-type compression fittings and connected to the vacuum generators 5. A vertical insertion port is reserved at the top of the air outlet of the air duct 2. The grille 3 is aligned with the insertion port and inserted vertically along the guide groove to the predetermined position. Then, it is fixed by the mechanical lock at the top, completing the assembly of the air duct integrated skid-mounted device.

[0063] 2. Two variable frequency fans 14 are installed at the air inlet of duct 2 via flange connection. A 5mm thick rubber vibration damping pad is laid between the base of the variable frequency fan 14 and the base 1 to eliminate vibration coupling. A high-strength steel wire protective net 19 is installed at the air inlet of the variable frequency fan 14 and fixed by welding to prevent foreign objects from being sucked in and to ensure system safety. According to the flow field simulation results, preset holes are made at the top of duct 2, and the probes of the first wind speed sensor 15 and the first dust concentration sensor 21 are inserted into the designated positions as the main control feedback elements. The sensor probes adopt a double fixing structure of threaded seal + silicone sealing ring to avoid dust leakage. The sensor signal lines are connected to the control cabinet through a dustproof connector, and the shielding layer is grounded.

[0064] 3. Install core components such as the frequency converter 16, electric proportional valve 20, and PLC 17 into the standard control cabinet according to the electrical schematic diagram. The control cabinet has a reserved interface for the measurement system, supporting multi-sensor access and data synchronization. All wiring uses shielded cables, and the grounding terminal is reliably connected to the metal structure of the cabinet with low impedance. The control cabinet integrates an air source pressure monitoring module, a fan overload protection relay, and an emergency stop button. After completing the electrical encapsulation, insulation resistance and short-circuit protection tests are performed to ensure the reliability of the safety interlock function. The host computer 18 software is pre-installed with parameter setting, over-limit alarm, data traceability, and historical curve playback modules, supporting real-time synchronization with the measurement system data, completing the encapsulation of the wind speed control system and dust control system.

[0065] 4. Heavy-duty horizontal slide rails 811 are symmetrically installed on both sides of the sand box 8, fixed to the side wall of the sand box 8 with bolts, and connected to the scissor lift mechanism 13 to ensure smooth and unobstructed pulling process. A gear reducer motor 12 is installed on the motor bracket on the front wall of the sand box 8, driving two stirring rods 9 through two-stage gear transmission to achieve alternating forward and reverse operation, ensuring uniform dust dispersion. Two vibration motors 11 are symmetrically installed at the bottom of the sand box 8, controlled in series by a digital display speed controller to ensure sand particle dispersion. Two thin steel plates 102 are clamped on both sides of the upper and lower surfaces of the wear-resistant rubber sheet 101, bonded with high-strength structural adhesive. Stainless steel springs 104 are assembled into the pre-processed spring sleeves 103 of the thin steel plates 102, completing the connection of the elastic support assembly. The elastic support assembly is fixed to the upper surface of the sand box 8 by adhesive bonding to ensure efficient transmission of vibration energy. The two sand box devices are fixed to the base 1 by welding, with each set aligned with the center of the bottom of each cover plate 411. Cylinder 26 is bolted to the steel plate of base 1. The piston rod is connected to a fisheye connector at the front end, which is hinged to the push rod of scissor lift mechanism 13 to ensure smooth movement. Air source processor 27 is reliably connected to compressed air source to provide clean and stable pressure compressed air. Then, through air pipes, throttle valve 28, manual valve 29, and cylinder 26 are connected in sequence to complete the pneumatic system connection.

[0066] 5. Insert the probes of the second wind speed sensor 23 and the second dust concentration sensor 24 into the pre-set holes of the movable measuring fixture 22. The probes are double-fixed using threaded seals and silicone sealing rings. Move the movable measuring fixture 22 to the front of the air outlet of the sand and dust test device's air duct 2, and depress the foot brake to lock the casters. Add a counterweight to the central upright of the movable measuring fixture 22 to improve overall stability and prevent it from tipping over due to wind load. Connect the cables of the second wind speed sensor 23 and the second dust concentration sensor 24 to the reserved measurement system interface in the control cabinet to complete the connection of the measurement system and realize the "control-measurement" dual-channel data comparison.

[0067] 6. Start the wind speed control system and test the manual mode of the control cabinet and the automatic mode of the preset program on the host computer 18. Adjust the output power of the frequency converter 16 to stabilize the wind speed at 8.9 m / s, with system fluctuations controlled within ±5%. Compare the data from the first wind speed sensor 15 (for control) and the second wind speed sensor 23 (for measurement) to verify the wind speed uniformity and the response accuracy of the control system, thus completing the wind speed control system test.

[0068] 7. Release the buckle of sand box 8, pull out sand box 8, and add a dust source conforming to GJB150.12A-2009. Start the pneumatic system, adjust the throttle valve 28 and the air source processor 27, and control the cylinder 26 to drive the scissor lift mechanism 13 to rise smoothly until the elastic support component 10 on sand box 8 is attached to the bottom of the sand box cover 4, and then fasten the buckle of sand box 8. Start the vibration motor 11 and the gear reduction motor 12, start the dust control system, and test the functions of the control cabinet in manual mode and the automatic mode of the preset program on the host computer 18. Adjust the opening of the electro-proportional valve 20 to control the vacuum negative pressure and stabilize the concentration at 10.6±7g / m3. Compare the data of the first dust concentration sensor 21 (for control) and the second dust concentration sensor 24 (for measurement) to verify the uniformity of dust concentration and the response accuracy of the control system, and complete the dust control system test.

[0069] 8. Simulate fault conditions such as excessive wind speed, abnormal concentration, and gas source pressure fluctuations to trigger over-limit alarms. Verify the emergency stop function and data recording integrity by conducting a 30-minute continuous operation test, monitoring parameters such as fan overload, gas source pressure fluctuations, and temperature in real time to ensure the system can shut down without faults and complete the safety interlock test.

[0070] 9. The host computer 18 fully records key parameters such as wind speed, concentration, and running time, exports test data, confirms the matching, completeness, and continuity of the data with the standard requirements, verifies data backup, export, and printing functions, meets the requirements for test report preparation, and completes the data plasticity and traceability test.

[0071] 10. Following the steps outlined above, conduct independent and complete functional verification on each of the 11 modular open-type sand and dust testing devices to ensure stable operation, compliance with parameters, effective identification of potential risks, and improvement of equipment reliability and consistency. If any abnormalities or deviations are found, timely technical investigation and optimization adjustments will be organized, and retesting will be conducted if necessary to ensure closed-loop problem resolution. After all equipment passes all tests, the next stage of joint operation will commence.

[0072] 11. Arrange 11 modular open-type sand and dust test devices horizontally side by side to form a 33m long longitudinal wide-area dust blowing range. Start the pneumatic system, control cylinder 26 to drive scissor lifting mechanism 13 to retract, realizing the vertical descent of sand box 8. Release the buckle of sand box 8, pull out sand box 8 to add material, and replenish standard dust source. After adding material, retract sand box 8, fasten buckle, start the pneumatic system, control cylinder 26 to drive scissor lifting mechanism 13 to reset, and complete the material adding operation of each modular open-type sand and dust test device. Deploy movable measuring fixture 22 to the key area of ​​the test sample, and start the wind speed control system, dust control system, vibration motor 11, and gear reduction motor 12 of each device. The host computer 18 uniformly sets the wind speed and dust concentration control parameters and runs synchronously. Monitor the consistency of data from control sensors and measurement sensors in real time, carry out GJB150.12A longitudinal dust blowing test, simulate longitudinal wind and sand impact conditions, and complete the longitudinal dust blowing test assessment of large deployable equipment (32m×12m).

[0073] 12. Adjust the layout by arranging the five modular open-type sand and dust test devices longitudinally side by side to form a 15m wide transverse dust blowing range. Repeat the feeding, system startup, and parameter monitoring process in step 11 to conduct the GJB150.12A transverse dust blowing test, simulating transverse wind and sand impact conditions, and complete the transverse dust blowing test assessment of the large deployable equipment (32m×12m).

[0074] This invention can be widely used for environmental adaptability assessment of various equipment under sand and dust environment stress, especially suitable for the high adaptability of large equipment. It can effectively meet the testing needs of large-size, multi-degree-of-freedom, and highly integrated equipment in sand and dust environment, and at the same time provide a standardized, modular, and intelligent technical path for the design and construction of sand and dust test devices.

[0075] This article uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The above examples are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that due to the limitations of textual expression, while there are objectively infinite specific structures, those skilled in the art can make several improvements, modifications, or changes without departing from the principles of the present invention, and can also combine the above technical features in an appropriate manner. These improvements, modifications, changes, or combinations, or the direct application of the inventive concept and technical solution to other situations without modification, should all be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A modular sand and dust testing device, characterized in that, This includes an integrated skid-mounted duct system, a sandbox system, a wind speed control system, a dust control system, and a measurement system, among which: The integrated skid-mounted air duct device includes a base (1), an air duct (2), a grid (3), and a sand box cover (4). The air duct (2) is set on the base (1), the grid (3) is set at the air outlet of the air duct (2), the sand box cover (4) is installed below the air duct (2), and a vacuum generator (5) is installed on the sand box cover (4). The vacuum generator (5) is provided with an air supply port (511), a vacuum port (512), and an exhaust port (513). The air supply port (511) is connected to an air source, the vacuum port (512) is connected to a first stainless steel capillary tube (6), and the exhaust port (513) is connected to a second stainless steel capillary tube (7). The other end of the second stainless steel capillary tube (7) extends through the bottom plate (211) of the air duct into the air duct (2). The sand box device includes a sand box (8), a stirring rod (9), an elastic support assembly (10), a vibration motor (11), a gear reduction motor (12), a scissor lift mechanism (13), and a pneumatic system. The sand box device is mounted on a base (1), and the other end of the first stainless steel capillary tube (6) extends into the sand box (8). The wind speed control system includes two variable frequency fans (14), a first wind speed sensor (15), a frequency converter (16), a PLC (17) and a host computer (18). The variable frequency fans (14) are installed at the air inlet of the air duct (2), and a protective net (19) is installed at the air inlet of the variable frequency fans (14). The dust control system includes an electric proportional valve (20), a vacuum generator (5), and a first dust concentration sensor (21). The measurement system includes a movable measuring fixture (22), a second wind speed sensor (23), and a second dust concentration sensor (24).

2. The modular sand and dust testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first wind speed sensor (15) and the first dust concentration sensor (21) are installed on the top of the air duct (2), and the second wind speed sensor (23) and the second dust concentration sensor (24) are fixed on the movable measuring fixture (22), which is located in front of the air outlet of the air duct (2).

3. The modular sand and dust testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sand box cover (4) consists of two cover plates (411). The two cover plates (411) are rectangular. Each cover plate (411) has three holes for the first stainless steel capillary tube (6) to pass through. The bottom of the air duct (2) has six through holes (212) for the second stainless steel capillary tube (7) to pass through. There are six vacuum generators (5). Five vertical guide steel plates (213) are evenly installed in the air duct (2) to divide the interior of the air duct (2) into six spaces. Each second stainless steel capillary tube (7) corresponds to one space.

4. The modular sand and dust testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The stirring rod (9) is placed inside the sand box (8). The gear reduction motor (12) is installed on the motor bracket on the front wall of the sand box (8) and drives the two stirring rods (9) to achieve forward and reverse rotation. A flip-type dust discharge cover (25) is provided in the middle of the bottom of the sand box (8). A pair of vibration motors (11) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the flip-type dust discharge cover (25).

5. The modular sand and dust testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The scissor lift mechanism (13) is used to lift and support the sand box (8). Horizontal slide rails (811) are installed on both sides of the upper end of the sand box (8). The horizontal slide rails (811) drive the sand box (8) to move horizontally on the scissor lift mechanism (13).

6. The modular sand and dust testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The elastic support assembly (10) includes a wear-resistant rubber sheet (101), on which two thin steel plates (102) with a frame structure are symmetrically arranged on the upper and lower sides. Spring sleeves (103) are symmetrically arranged on a pair of thin steel plates (102) on the inner side of the wear-resistant rubber sheet (101). A spring (104) is arranged inside the spring sleeve (103). The elastic support assembly (10) is bonded to the upper end of the sand box (8).

7. The modular sand and dust testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pneumatic system includes an air source, a cylinder (26), an air source processor (27), a throttle valve (28), and a manual valve (29). The air source, air source processor (27), throttle valve (28), manual valve (29), and cylinder (26) are connected in sequence. The cylinder (26) is fixed on the base (1). The cylinder (26) drives the scissor lift mechanism (13) to perform the lifting operation.

8. The modular sand and dust testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first wind speed sensor (15), the second wind speed sensor (23), the first dust concentration sensor (21) and the second dust concentration sensor (24) are all connected to the PLC (17), and the PLC (17) is connected to the host computer (18).

9. The modular sand and dust testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The frequency converter (16), frequency converter fan (14), PLC (17) and host computer (18) are connected in sequence.

10. The modular sand and dust testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electric proportional valve (20) is connected to the gas source and the air supply port of the vacuum generator (5) respectively. The electric proportional valve (20) is also connected to the PLC (17), and the PLC (17) is connected to the host computer (18).

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