Display panel and display device

Abstract

This application discloses a display panel and a display device. The display panel includes a substrate, a plurality of sub-pixels, an optical waveguide layer, and a color filter layer arranged sequentially, as well as a coupling grating and a coupling grating disposed on one side of the optical waveguide layer and attached to the optical waveguide layer. The color filter layer includes a color resist and a black matrix. The color resist is disposed corresponding to the sub-pixels. The orthographic projection of the color resist on the substrate is located within the orthographic projection of the sub-pixels on the substrate. The black matrix is ​​disposed around the color resist. The orthographic projection of the black matrix on the substrate partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the sub-pixels on the substrate. The orthographic projection of the coupling grating on the substrate includes the orthographic projection of the black matrix on the substrate. The coupling grating is used to change the angle of light rays incident on the optical waveguide layer so that the light rays undergo total internal reflection within the optical waveguide layer. The orthographic projection of the coupling grating on the substrate is located within the orthographic projection of the color resist on the substrate. The coupling grating is used to change the angle of light rays undergoing total internal reflection within the optical waveguide layer so that the light rays exit from the optical waveguide layer to the color resist.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of display technology, specifically relating to a display panel and display device. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of display technology, the application of COE (Color Filter on Encapsulation) technology can improve the light emission efficiency and reduce the power consumption of display panels, making COE technology an important direction for future display development. However, the application of COE technology increases the reflectivity of the display panel, affecting its contrast ratio. Currently, reflectivity is often reduced by decreasing the aperture ratio of the light-emitting area of ​​the display panel, i.e., increasing the coverage area of ​​the black matrix. However, reducing the aperture ratio will severely reduce the light emission efficiency and brightness of the display panel, thus affecting its display performance. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this application provides a display panel and display device that can reduce the reflectivity of the display panel, improve the contrast of the display panel, and ensure the light emission efficiency of the display panel.

[0004] The technical solution adopted to achieve the purpose of this application is as follows: This application provides a display panel, including: substrate; Multiple sub-pixels are spaced apart on one side of the substrate; A color filter layer is disposed on the side of the sub-pixel facing away from the substrate. The color filter layer includes a color resist and a black matrix. The color resist corresponds to the sub-pixel, and the orthographic projection of the color resist on the substrate is located within the orthographic projection of the corresponding sub-pixel on the substrate. The black matrix is ​​disposed around the color resist, and the orthographic projection of the black matrix on the substrate partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the sub-pixel on the substrate. An optical waveguide layer is disposed between the sub-pixel and the color filter layer; A coupling grating is disposed on one side of the optical waveguide layer and is attached to the optical waveguide layer. The orthographic projection of the coupling grating on the substrate includes the orthographic projection of the black matrix on the substrate. The coupling grating is used to change the angle of light rays incident on the optical waveguide layer so that the light rays undergo total internal reflection within the optical waveguide layer. A coupling grating is disposed on one side of the optical waveguide layer and is attached to the optical waveguide layer. The orthographic projection of the coupling grating on the substrate is located within the orthographic projection of the color resist on the substrate. The coupling grating is used to change the angle of the light rays that undergo total internal reflection in the optical waveguide layer, so that the light rays are emitted from the optical waveguide layer to the color resist.

[0005] In some embodiments, the orthographic projection of the coupling grating on the substrate is disposed around the orthographic projection of the coupling grating on the substrate.

[0006] In some embodiments, the coupling-in grating and the coupling-out grating are disposed on the same layer, and the coupling-in grating is wound around the coupling-out grating.

[0007] In some embodiments, both the insertion grating and the output grating are located between the sub-pixel and the optical waveguide layer.

[0008] In some embodiments, the orthographic projection of the coupling grating on the substrate completely coincides with the orthographic projection of the color resist on the substrate.

[0009] In some embodiments, the orthographic projection of the coupling grating onto the substrate is located in the central region of the orthographic projection of the sub-pixel onto the substrate.

[0010] In some embodiments, when the coupling grating is located between the optical waveguide layer and the color filter layer, the coupling grating is a reflection grating; when the coupling grating is located between the sub-pixel and the optical waveguide layer, the coupling grating is a transmission grating.

[0011] In some embodiments, the display panel further includes a lens structure disposed on the side of the color filter layer opposite to the substrate, wherein the orthogonal projection of the lens structure onto the substrate includes the orthogonal projection of the color filter onto the substrate.

[0012] In some embodiments, the display panel further includes a filler layer located on the side of the lens structure opposite to the substrate, the filler layer covering the lens structure.

[0013] This application also provides a display device, including the display panel described in any of the above embodiments.

[0014] As can be seen from the above technical solution, this application sets the orthogonal projection of the color resist on the substrate to be located within the orthogonal projection of the sub-pixel on the substrate, and sets the orthogonal projection of the black matrix on the substrate to partially overlap with the orthogonal projection of the sub-pixel on the substrate. This allows the black matrix to block the edges of the sub-pixel, thereby reducing the reflective area of ​​the sub-pixel, reducing the reflectivity of the display panel, and improving the contrast of the display panel. At the same time, by setting an optical waveguide layer and a grating structure, and setting the orthogonal projection of the coupling grating on the substrate to be located within the orthogonal projection of the color resist on the substrate, and setting the orthogonal projection of the coupling grating on the substrate to include the orthogonal projection of the black matrix on the substrate, the light emitted from the edge of the sub-pixel can be coupled into the optical waveguide layer when passing through the coupling grating. After total internal reflection of the optical waveguide layer, the light can be emitted under the action of the coupling grating, thereby ensuring the light emission efficiency of the display panel. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a first type of display panel provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a second type of display panel provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a third type of display panel provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fourth type of display panel provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 5 A schematic diagram illustrating the distribution of an input grating and an output grating provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fifth type of display panel provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of an input grating, an output grating, and a lens structure provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 8 This is a structural schematic diagram illustrating the manufacturing process of a display panel provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0016] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1-Display panel; 11-Substrate; 12-Subpixel; 121-Anode layer; 122-Emitting layer; 123-Cathode layer; 13-Color filter layer; 131-Color resist; 132-Black matrix; 14-Optical waveguide layer; 15-Coupled grating; 16-Coupled out grating; 17-Lens structure; 18-Fill layer; 19-Encapsulation layer; 191-First inorganic layer; 192-Organic layer; 193-Second inorganic layer; 20-Optical adhesive layer; 21-Thin film transistor; 211-Gate; 212-Source / drain; 213-Active layer; 22-Wire layer; 23-Insulating layer; 24-Pixel definition layer. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To enable those skilled in the art to more clearly understand this application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0018] Traditional COE technology can improve the light extraction efficiency and reduce the power consumption of display panels. However, COE technology also increases the reflectivity of the display panel, affecting its contrast. Reflection in a display panel primarily originates from the anode and cathode layers. Currently, reflectivity is often reduced by decreasing the aperture ratio of the light-emitting area, i.e., increasing the coverage area of ​​the black matrix. However, reducing the aperture ratio significantly decreases the light extraction efficiency and brightness of the display panel, thus impacting its display performance.

[0019] In this regard, an embodiment of this application proposes a display panel, please refer to... Figure 1 The display panel 1 includes a substrate 11, which serves as a support carrier for the display panel 1 and provides mechanical support for it. The substrate 11 can be a transparent glass substrate or a flexible substrate.

[0020] The display panel 1 includes a plurality of sub-pixels 12, which are spaced apart on one side of the substrate 11. The sub-pixels 12, as the smallest unit constituting the image of the display panel 1, are composed of an anode layer 121, a light-emitting layer 122 and a cathode layer 123. By combining the multiple sub-pixels 12, different colors and brightness can be displayed, thereby forming a complete display image.

[0021] The display panel 1 includes a color filter layer 13, which is disposed on the side of the sub-pixel 12 facing away from the substrate 11. Its main function is to achieve color display. The color filter layer 13 includes a color resist 131, which corresponds to the sub-pixel 12. The orthographic projection of the color resist 131 on the substrate 11 is located within the orthographic projection of the corresponding sub-pixel 12 on the substrate 11. That is, the size of the color resist 131 can be designed to be smaller than the size of the light-emitting area of ​​the sub-pixel 12. The color resist 131 is used to filter the light emitted by the sub-pixel 12 to produce primary colors such as red, green, and blue.

[0022] The color filter layer 13 includes a black matrix 132, which is disposed around the color resist 131. The orthographic projection of the black matrix 132 on the substrate 11 partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the sub-pixels 12 on the substrate 11. That is, the black matrix 132 is configured to block the gaps between the sub-pixels 12 to avoid light crosstalk between sub-pixels 12 of different colors. At the same time, the black matrix 132 is also configured to block the edge areas of the sub-pixels 12 to reduce the aperture ratio of the sub-pixels 12, reduce the reflectivity of the display panel 1, and thereby improve the display contrast of the display panel 1.

[0023] The display panel 1 includes a waveguide layer 14 disposed between the sub-pixel 12 and the color filter layer 13. The waveguide layer 14 can be made of a transparent material with a high refractive index, such as inorganic materials like silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, silicon oxide, or niobium pentoxide, or organic materials with a high refractive index. The refractive index of the waveguide layer 14 can be set to a range of 1.4 to 2.5, and its main function is to provide a transmission channel for light, allowing light to be efficiently transmitted within it via total internal reflection.

[0024] The display panel 1 includes a coupling grating 15, which is disposed on one side of the optical waveguide layer 14 and in contact with the optical waveguide layer 14. The orthographic projection of the coupling grating 15 onto the substrate 11 includes the orthographic projection of the black matrix 132 onto the substrate 11. For example, the coupling grating 15 can be fabricated as a structure similar in shape to the black matrix 132 but slightly larger in size to ensure that it can cover the area blocked by the black matrix 132. The coupling grating 15 is a diffractive optical element that changes the angle of light rays incident on the optical waveguide layer 14 so that the light rays undergo total internal reflection within the optical waveguide layer 14. When light rays emitted from the edge of the sub-pixel 12 are incident on the coupling grating 15, the coupling grating 15 diffracts or refracts the light rays through its periodic structure, so that the incident angle satisfies the condition for total internal reflection within the optical waveguide layer 14, thereby coupling the light rays into the optical waveguide layer 14.

[0025] The coupling grating 15 can be made of organic materials such as polyimide. The coupling grating 15 can be realized through micro-nano fabrication techniques such as photolithography, etching, and nanoimprinting to form periodic microstructures on a transparent material layer, such as sawtooth, rectangular, or sinusoidal waveforms. Its period and depth can be designed according to the required light deflection angle and diffraction efficiency. The coupling grating 15 can also use optical structures such as prisms; there are no restrictions on its application.

[0026] Display panel 1 includes a coupling grating 16, which is disposed on one side of the optical waveguide layer 14 and in contact with the optical waveguide layer 14. The orthographic projection of the coupling grating 16 on the substrate 11 lies within the orthographic projection of the color resist 131 on the substrate 11. For example, the coupling grating 16 can be fabricated into a structure similar in shape to the color resist 131 but slightly smaller in size to ensure that it is located within the effective area of ​​the color resist 131. The coupling grating 16 is also a diffractive optical element, which changes the angle of total internal reflection of light within the optical waveguide layer 14 so that light is emitted from the optical waveguide layer 14 to the color resist 131. When light is transmitted to the area where the coupling grating 16 is located after multiple total internal reflections in the optical waveguide layer 14, the coupling grating 16 diffracts the light through its periodic structure, so that the exit angle no longer meets the total internal reflection condition, thereby causing the light to be emitted from the optical waveguide layer 14 and transmitted to the corresponding color resist 131, thereby realizing the effective emission of light emitted from the edge of the sub-pixel 12 and ensuring the display brightness of the display panel 1 at the front viewing angle.

[0027] The coupling grating 16 can be made of organic materials such as polyimide. The coupling grating 16 can be realized using micro-nano fabrication techniques such as photolithography, etching, and nanoimprinting to form periodic microstructures on a transparent material layer, such as sawtooth, rectangular, or sinusoidal waveforms. Its period and depth can be precisely designed according to the direction and efficiency requirements of the emitted light. The coupling grating 16 can also use optical structures such as prisms; there are no restrictions on its application.

[0028] In this embodiment, the orthographic projection of the color resist 131 on the substrate 11 is positioned within the orthographic projection of the sub-pixel 12 on the substrate 11, and the orthographic projection of the black matrix 132 on the substrate 11 is partially overlapped with the orthographic projection of the sub-pixel 12 on the substrate 11. This allows the black matrix 132 to block the edges of the sub-pixel 12, thereby reducing the reflective area of ​​the sub-pixel 12, lowering the reflectivity of the display panel 1, and improving the contrast of the display panel 1. Simultaneously, by setting the optical waveguide layer 14, the coupling grating 15, and the coupling grating 16, and placing the coupling grating 16 on the substrate 11... The orthographic projection on the display panel 1 is set to be located within the orthographic projection of the color resist 131 on the substrate 11. The orthographic projection of the coupling grating 15 on the substrate 11 is set to include the orthographic projection of the black matrix 132 on the substrate 11. This allows the light emitted from the edge of the sub-pixel 12 to be coupled into the optical waveguide layer 14 by the coupling grating 15 when it passes through the coupling grating 15. The light is then transmitted through total internal reflection in the optical waveguide layer 14 and finally emitted to the color resist 131 through the output grating 16. This ensures the light emission efficiency of the display panel 1 and avoids the brightness loss caused by increasing the coverage area of ​​the black matrix 132.

[0029] In some embodiments, the orthographic projection of the coupling grating 15 on the substrate 11 surrounds the orthographic projection of the coupling grating 16 on the substrate 11. That is, when viewed from the vertical direction of the substrate 11, the projection area of ​​the coupling grating 16 is surrounded by the projection area of ​​the coupling grating 15. This arrangement ensures that the coupling grating 15 can effectively receive light from the edge region of the sub-pixel 12 (i.e., the area covered by the black matrix 132) and guide it into the optical waveguide layer 14. At the same time, the coupling grating 16 is located in the surrounded central region and is responsible for efficiently guiding the total internal reflection light within the optical waveguide layer 14 to the color resist 131 region. This surrounding structural design helps to achieve effective light guidance within a limited space and ensures effective light emission from the edge region of the sub-pixel 12. For example, the projection of the coupling grating 15 can form a ring or frame structure, while the projection of the coupling grating 16 is located inside the ring or frame.

[0030] This embodiment of the application achieves effective spatial separation and coordinated operation of the coupling grating 15 and the coupling grating 16 by setting the orthogonal projection of the coupling grating 15 on the substrate 11 to surround the orthogonal projection of the coupling grating 16 on the substrate 11. This arrangement allows the coupling grating 15 to more comprehensively capture the light emitted from the edge region of the sub-pixel 12 (i.e., the area covered by the black matrix 132) and efficiently couple it into the optical waveguide layer 14 for total internal reflection. Simultaneously, the coupling grating 16, located in the surrounded central region, can focus on precisely guiding the totally internally reflected light within the optical waveguide layer 14 to the color resist 131 region, avoiding optical path interference between the coupling grating 15 and the coupling grating 16. This not only optimizes the light transmission path within the optical waveguide layer 14 and reduces light leakage, but also ensures efficient light entry from the black matrix 132 covered region and efficient light exit from the color resist 131 region, thereby significantly improving the overall light extraction efficiency and display contrast of the display panel 1.

[0031] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The coupling grating 15 and the coupling output grating 16 are disposed on the same layer, with the coupling grating 15 surrounding the coupling output grating 16. Since the coupling grating 15 and the coupling output grating 16 are constructed on the same physical layer of the display panel 1, the alignment accuracy between them can be ensured, effectively avoiding alignment errors that may arise from multi-layer structures. Simultaneously, this integrated design reduces the number of layers required, helping to reduce the overall thickness of the display panel 1, thereby improving the integration and thinness of the display panel 1. In terms of optical performance, the arrangement of the coupling grating 15 surrounding the coupling output grating 16 allows light entering from the edge region of the sub-pixel 12 to be efficiently collected and coupled into the optical waveguide layer 14. After total internal reflection, the light is then precisely guided out through the coupling output grating 16 in the central region to the color resist 131, thereby improving light utilization efficiency and the light emission efficiency of the display panel 1, enhancing the contrast and display effect of the display panel 1.

[0032] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 1 Both the insertion grating 15 and the output grating 16 are located between the sub-pixel 12 and the waveguide layer 14. This positional relationship defines the vertical position of the insertion grating 15 and the output grating 16 in the stacked structure of the display panel 1, forming a tight optical coupling interface. This layout ensures that light emitted from the edge region of the sub-pixel 12 can enter the insertion grating 15 and be guided into the waveguide layer 14 through the shortest and most direct path, thereby maximizing the coupling efficiency of light and reducing potential losses caused by transmission between other layers. At the same time, light emitted from the waveguide layer 14 can also be directly and efficiently guided through the output grating 16 to the subsequent color resist layer 131, ensuring the intensity and directionality of the emitted light.

[0033] When both the insertion grating 15 and the output grating 16 are located between the sub-pixel 12 and the waveguide layer 14, the light emitted from the edge region of the sub-pixel 12 will directly enter the insertion grating 15. The insertion grating 15 diffracts the light through its periodic structure, so that the light passes through the insertion grating 15 and its incident angle satisfies the condition of total internal reflection within the waveguide layer 14, thus coupling the light into the waveguide layer 14. The light is transmitted from the edge region of the sub-pixel 12 to the center region within the waveguide layer 14 through total internal reflection. When the light reaches the region where the output grating 16 is located, the output grating 16 diffracts the light through its periodic structure, so that its exit angle no longer satisfies the condition of total internal reflection, thereby causing the light to be reflected from the surface of the output grating 16 and pass through the waveguide layer 14 and be transmitted to the region where the corresponding color resist 131 is located, so as to achieve effective emission of the light emitted from the edge of the sub-pixel 12 and ensure the display brightness of the display panel 1 at the orthogonal viewing angle.

[0034] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 2 The coupling grating 15 and the coupling grating 16 can both be located between the waveguide layer 14 and the color filter layer 13. In this case, the light emitted from the edge region of the sub-pixel 12 will first pass through the waveguide layer 14 and then be incident on the coupling grating 15. The coupling grating 15 diffracts the light through its periodic structure, so that the light is reflected from the surface of the coupling grating 15 and its incident angle meets the condition of total internal reflection in the waveguide layer 14, thus coupling the light into the waveguide layer 14. The light is transmitted from the edge region of the sub-pixel 12 to the center region through total internal reflection in the waveguide layer 14. When the light reaches the region where the coupling grating 16 is located, the coupling grating 16 diffracts the light through its periodic structure, so that its exit angle no longer meets the condition of total internal reflection, thus allowing the light to pass through the coupling grating 16 and be transmitted to the region where the corresponding color filter 131 is located, so as to realize the effective emission of the light emitted from the edge of the sub-pixel 12 and ensure the display brightness of the display panel 1 at the front viewing angle.

[0035] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 The coupling grating 15 and the coupling grating 16 can also be located on opposite sides of the optical waveguide layer 14. That is, the coupling grating 15 is located between the sub-pixel 12 and the optical waveguide layer 14, and the coupling grating 16 is located between the optical waveguide layer 14 and the color filter layer 13; or, the coupling grating 15 is located between the optical waveguide layer 14 and the color filter layer 13, and the coupling grating 16 is located between the sub-pixel 12 and the optical waveguide layer 14. The specific positions of the coupling grating 15 and the coupling grating 16 can be selected and adjusted according to actual design requirements, and no special restrictions are imposed here.

[0036] It should be noted that when the coupling grating 15 is located between the optical waveguide layer 14 and the color filter layer 13, the coupling grating 15 is a reflection grating. The reflection grating can be formed from a reflective material with a periodic structure or by forming a reflective layer on a transparent substrate and etching a periodic structure. In this configuration, light from the sub-pixel 12 first enters the optical waveguide layer 14 and then propagates to the coupling grating 15. The function of the reflection grating is to reflect the incident light back into the optical waveguide layer 14 and change its propagation direction to satisfy the total internal reflection condition, thereby enabling efficient transmission within the optical waveguide layer 14.

[0037] When the coupling grating 15 is located between the sub-pixel 12 and the optical waveguide layer 14, the coupling grating 15 is a transmission grating. The transmission grating can be made of a transparent material with periodic microstructures on its surface or inside, capable of diffracting or refracting light passing through it. In this configuration, light from the sub-pixel 12 first passes through the transmission grating, which diffracts or refracts the light into the optical waveguide layer 14 and adjusts the incident angle of the light to meet the total internal reflection condition, thereby enabling efficient transmission within the optical waveguide layer 14.

[0038] Please see Figure 3 When the coupled grating 15 is located between the optical waveguide layer 14 and the color filter layer 13, and the coupled grating 16 is located between the sub-pixel 12 and the optical waveguide layer 14, the position between the sub-pixel 12 and the optical waveguide layer 14 corresponding to the coupled grating 15 can be filled with the optical adhesive layer 20. Light emitted from the edge region of sub-pixel 12 first passes through the optical waveguide layer 14 and then enters the coupling grating 15. The coupling grating 15 diffracts the light through its periodic structure, causing the light to be reflected from the surface of the coupling grating 15 and its incident angle to meet the condition of total internal reflection within the optical waveguide layer 14, thus coupling the light into the optical waveguide layer 14. The light is transmitted from the edge region of sub-pixel 12 to the center region within the optical waveguide layer 14 through total internal reflection. When the light reaches the region where the output grating 16 is located, the output grating 16 diffracts the light through its periodic structure, causing its exit angle to no longer meet the condition of total internal reflection, thus causing the light to be reflected from the surface of the output grating 16 and pass through the optical waveguide layer 14 and be transmitted to the region where the corresponding color resist 131 is located, so as to achieve effective emission of light emitted from the edge of sub-pixel 12 and ensure the display brightness of the display panel 1 at the front viewing angle.

[0039] Please see Figure 4When the coupled grating 15 is located between the sub-pixel 12 and the optical waveguide layer 14, and the coupled grating 16 is located between the optical waveguide layer 14 and the color filter layer 13, the position between the sub-pixel 12 and the optical waveguide layer 14 corresponding to the coupled grating 16 can be filled with the optical adhesive layer 20. Light emitted from the edge region of sub-pixel 12 is directly incident on the coupling grating 15. The coupling grating 15 diffracts the light through its periodic structure, so that the light passes through the coupling grating 15 and its incident angle satisfies the condition of total internal reflection within the optical waveguide layer 14, thus coupling the light into the optical waveguide layer 14. The light is transmitted from the edge region of sub-pixel 12 to the center region within the optical waveguide layer 14 through total internal reflection. When the light reaches the region where the output grating 16 is located, the output grating 16 diffracts the light through its periodic structure, so that its exit angle no longer satisfies the condition of total internal reflection, thus allowing the light to pass through the output grating 16 and be transmitted to the region where the corresponding color resist 131 is located, thereby achieving effective emission of light emitted from the edge of sub-pixel 12 and ensuring the display brightness of the display panel 1 at the front viewing angle.

[0040] In some embodiments, the orthographic projection of the coupling grating 16 onto the substrate 11 completely coincides with the orthographic projection of the color resist 131 onto the substrate 11. The function of the coupling grating 16 is to change the angle of the light rays undergoing total internal reflection within the optical waveguide layer 14, allowing them to exit from the optical waveguide layer 14 and enter the color resist 131. The color resist 131, as part of the color filter layer 13, is disposed corresponding to the sub-pixels 12, and its main function is to achieve color filtering and define the effective light-emitting area of ​​each sub-pixel 12. When the orthographic projection of the coupling grating 16 onto the substrate 11 completely coincides with the orthographic projection of the color resist 131 onto the substrate 11, it means that the effective light-emitting area of ​​the coupling grating 16 and the effective light-receiving area of ​​the color resist 131 achieve precise spatial consistency. This perfectly overlapping arrangement ensures that the light coupled from the waveguide layer 14 is received and utilized by the color filter 131 to the maximum extent, avoiding energy loss caused by light failing to pass through the color filter 131 effectively due to its small projection area or positional deviation, thereby improving the light emission efficiency of the display panel 1. At the same time, this precise overlap helps ensure the uniformity of light output in each sub-pixel 12 area, enhancing the overall brightness and color performance of the displayed image.

[0041] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 5The orthographic projection of the coupling grating 16 onto the substrate 11 is located in the central region of the orthographic projection of the sub-pixel 12 onto the substrate 11. The central region refers to the area near the geometric center of the orthographic projection of the sub-pixel 12 onto the substrate 11, excluding its edges. For example, this central region can be defined as the range of 50% to 80% of the central area of ​​the orthographic projection of the sub-pixel 12 onto the substrate 11. By precisely positioning the orthographic projection of the coupling grating 16 onto the substrate 11 within the central region of the orthographic projection of the sub-pixel 12 onto the substrate 11, and combining this with the complete overlap of the orthographic projection of the coupling grating 16 onto the substrate 11 and the orthographic projection of the color resist 131 onto the substrate 11, the light emitted from the waveguide layer 14 can be concentrated through the most efficient and uniform light-emitting portion of the sub-pixel 12. This effectively avoids efficiency loss and uniformity problems that may occur when light exits from the edge region of the sub-pixel 12 due to obstruction by the black matrix 132 or other optical effects.

[0042] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 6 and Figure 7 The display panel 1 also includes a lens structure 17, which is an optical element with a specific curvature on its surface, capable of focusing, collimating, or diverging light. In the display panel 1, the lens structure 17 can be made of a transparent material, such as a transparent polymer or glass, and can be formed into microlens arrays, lenticular lens arrays, etc., through processes such as photolithography, imprinting, or injection molding. Its main function is to collect and redirect the light emitted from the color filter layer 13 to optimize the display effect.

[0043] Lens structure 17 is located on the side of color filter layer 13 facing away from substrate 11. The orthographic projection of lens structure 17 onto substrate 11 includes the orthographic projection of color resist 131 onto substrate 11. That is, lens structure 17 is located on or near the light-emitting surface of display panel 1, directly facing the observer. This arrangement ensures that light, after passing through all optical layers inside display panel 1 (such as sub-pixels 12, waveguide layer 14, and color filter layer 13), can be effectively optically processed by lens structure 17 before finally exiting into the external environment. Simultaneously, the design of lens structure 17 covers all areas where color resist 131 effectively emits light. For example, the size and arrangement of lens structure 17 can be designed to precisely align with or be slightly larger than the size of color resist 131, ensuring that light emitted from each area of ​​color resist 131 can be effectively collected and modulated by the corresponding lens structure 17. For example, a lens structure 17 can be set separately above each color filter 131 to achieve fine control of the emitted light; or, a single lens structure 17 can be set to cover the area where all color filters 131 are located to simplify the setting of the lens structure 17.

[0044] By providing a lens structure 17 on the side of the color filter layer 13 of the display panel 1 facing away from the substrate 11, and ensuring that its orthogonal projection covers the color resist 131 area, light emitted from the color resist 131 can be effectively collected and redirected. The lens structure 17 can precisely optically modulate these rays, thereby optimizing the light emission angle distribution. This significantly improves the brightness of the display panel 1 in specific viewing directions (such as the orthogonal viewing angle), thereby improving the user's visual experience, enhancing the overall display performance of the display panel 1, and reducing the power consumption of the display panel 1.

[0045] In some embodiments, the display panel 1 further includes a filler layer 18 located on the side of the lens structure 17 facing away from the substrate 11, and the filler layer 18 covers the lens structure 17. The filler layer 18 is a material layer used to fill space, provide protection, or planarize the surface. The filler layer 18 can be made of a material with good optical transparency and mechanical strength, such as a transparent polymer material, such as epoxy resin, acrylic resin, silicone, etc. The specific material selection can take into account compatibility with the lens structure 17 and other adjacent layers, curing characteristics, and required physicochemical properties.

[0046] By providing a filling layer 18 on the side of the lens structure 17 facing away from the substrate 11 and covering the lens structure 17, the outer surface of the display panel 1 can be effectively planarized. This not only eliminates potential surface irregularities caused by the lens structure 17, providing a smooth and uniform external interface for the display panel 1, but also provides reliable physical protection for the lens structure 17, protecting it from wear, scratches, dust, or chemical corrosion from the external environment. Simultaneously, this protection helps maintain the long-term stable optical performance of the lens structure 17, ensuring that the display panel 1 maintains excellent light extraction efficiency and viewing angle characteristics during long-term use, thereby improving the overall reliability, durability, and ease of manufacturing of the display panel 1.

[0047] In some embodiments, the refractive index of the lens structure 17 can be set to be greater than the refractive index of the filling layer 18. For example, the refractive index of the lens structure 17 can be set to be greater than or equal to 1.65, and the refractive index of the filling layer 18 can be set to be less than or equal to 1.6, so as to optically modulate the emission angle of light, thereby significantly improving the brightness of the display panel 1 in a specific viewing direction (such as the orthogonal viewing angle), thereby improving the user's visual experience, improving the overall display performance of the display panel 1, and reducing the power consumption of the display panel 1.

[0048] Please see Figure 8 The manufacturing process of display panel 1 may include the following steps: First, a TFT backplane is fabricated. The TFT backplane includes a substrate 11, and a wiring layer 22, a thin-film transistor 21, and a planarization layer disposed on the substrate 11. An insulating layer 23 is disposed between the wiring layer 22 and the thin-film transistor 21. The thin-film transistor 21 includes a gate 211, a source / drain 212, and an active layer 213. An insulating layer 23 is disposed between the gate 211, the source / drain 212, and the active layer 213. The wiring layer 22 is electrically connected to the thin-film transistor 21 and is used to transmit control signals through the wiring layer 22 to the thin-film transistor 21. The thin-film transistor 21 is then electrically connected to the sub-pixel 12 to control the light emission of the sub-pixel 12.

[0049] After the TFT backplane is fabricated, an anode layer 121, a pixel definition layer 24, a light-emitting layer 122, a cathode layer 123, and an encapsulation layer 19 are sequentially formed on the TFT backplane. The anode layer 121, light-emitting layer 122, and cathode layer 123 constitute the sub-pixel 12. The anode layer 121 can adopt an ITO / Ag / ITO triple-layer structure. The thickness of the bottom ITO layer can be set to 80 Å to 200 Å, the thickness of the middle Ag layer can be set to 800 Å to 1500 Å, and the thickness of the top ITO layer can be set to 80 Å to 300 Å. The pixel definition layer 24 has a pixel opening that exposes the anode layer 121. The pixel definition layer 24 can be made of polyimide, and its thickness can be set to 0.8 μm to 2.5 μm. The light-emitting layer 122 is located within the pixel opening and can be made of an organic light-emitting material. The cathode layer 123 covers the light-emitting layer 122 and the pixel definition layer 24. The cathode layer 123 can be made of MgAg alloy or a composite cathode (MgAg+IZO). The encapsulation layer 19 includes a first inorganic layer 191, an organic layer 192, and a second inorganic layer 193 arranged sequentially. The first inorganic layer 191 and the second inorganic layer 193 can be made of silicon oxide, silicon nitride, or silicon oxynitride, and their thicknesses can be set to 100 micrometers to 1000 micrometers, respectively. The organic layer 192 can be made of acrylic, and its thickness can be set to 5 micrometers to 10 micrometers. The encapsulation layer 19 is used to encapsulate and protect the sub-pixels 12 to prevent moisture from the external environment from penetrating into the display panel 1 and corroding the sub-pixels 12, thereby ensuring the display quality of the display panel 1.

[0050] After the encapsulation layer 19 is fabricated, a coupling grating 15 and a coupling grating 16 are formed on the encapsulation layer 19. The coupling grating 15 is arranged around the coupling grating 16, and the orthographic projection of the coupling grating 16 on the substrate 11 is located within the orthographic projection of the sub-pixel 12 on the substrate 11. The edge region of the orthographic projection of the coupling grating 15 on the substrate 11 overlaps with the edge region of the orthographic projection of the sub-pixel 12 on the substrate 11. The coupling grating 15 and the coupling grating 16 can be made of organic materials such as polyimide. They can be achieved by using micro-nano processing techniques such as photolithography, etching, and nanoimprinting to form periodic microstructures on the transparent material layer, such as sawtooth, rectangular, or sinusoidal waveforms. The period and depth can be designed according to the required light deflection angle and diffraction efficiency.

[0051] Next, an optical waveguide layer 14 is formed on the coupling grating 15 and the coupling grating 16, covering the coupling grating 15 and the coupling grating 16. The optical waveguide layer 14 can be made of a transparent material with a high refractive index, such as inorganic materials like silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, silicon oxide, or niobium pentoxide, or organic materials with a high refractive index. The refractive index of the optical waveguide layer 14 can be set in the range of 1.4 to 2.5, and its main function is to provide a transmission channel for light, allowing light to be transmitted efficiently within it through total internal reflection.

[0052] Next, a color filter layer 13 is formed on the waveguide layer 14. The color filter layer 13 includes a color filter 131 and a black matrix 132, with the color filter 131 corresponding to the output grating 16 and the black matrix 132 corresponding to the input grating 15. The color filter 131 is used to filter the light emitted by the sub-pixels 12 to produce primary colors such as red, green, and blue. The black matrix 132 is used to block the gaps between the sub-pixels 12 to avoid light crosstalk between sub-pixels 12 of different colors. At the same time, the black matrix 132 is also used to block the edge areas of the sub-pixels 12 to reduce the aperture ratio of the sub-pixels 12, reduce the reflectivity of the display panel 1, and thus improve the display contrast of the display panel 1.

[0053] During the operation of the display panel 1, light emitted from the central area of ​​sub-pixel 12 passes directly through the coupling grating 16 and the waveguide layer 14, and is emitted directly after being filtered by the color resist 131; light emitted from the edge area of ​​sub-pixel 12 is directly incident on the coupling grating 15. The coupling grating 15 diffracts the light through its periodic structure, ensuring that the light passes through the coupling grating 15 and its incident angle satisfies the condition for total internal reflection within the waveguide layer 14, thus coupling the light into the waveguide layer 14; the light then undergoes a process similar to light in the waveguide layer 14. Within the waveguide layer 14, light is transmitted from the edge region of the sub-pixel 12 to the center region via total internal reflection. When light reaches the region where the coupling grating 16 is located, the coupling grating 16 diffracts the light through its periodic structure, causing its exit angle to no longer meet the total internal reflection condition. This allows the light to be reflected from the surface of the coupling grating 16 and pass through the waveguide layer 14, and then transmitted to the region where the corresponding color resist 131 is located. This achieves effective emission of light emitted from the edge of the sub-pixel 12, ensuring the display brightness of the display panel 1 at the forward viewing angle.

[0054] This application also proposes a display device, which includes a display panel. The specific structure of the display panel is as described in the above embodiments. Since this display device adopts all the technical solutions of all the above embodiments, it has at least all the beneficial effects brought about by the technical solutions of the above embodiments, which will not be described in detail here.

[0055] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature being directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature being directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0056] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", and "counterclockwise" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0057] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "connection," "fixed," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "fixed" can mean a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; it can mean a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can mean a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can mean the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0058] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "first" and "second" in this application is for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, features defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more features. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0059] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of this application, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A display panel, characterized in that, include: substrate; Multiple sub-pixels are spaced apart on one side of the substrate; A color filter layer is disposed on the side of the sub-pixel facing away from the substrate. The color filter layer includes a color resist and a black matrix. The color resist corresponds to the sub-pixel, and the orthographic projection of the color resist on the substrate is located within the orthographic projection of the corresponding sub-pixel on the substrate. The black matrix is ​​disposed around the color resist, and the orthogonal projection of the black matrix on the substrate partially overlaps with the orthogonal projection of the sub-pixel on the substrate. An optical waveguide layer is disposed between the sub-pixel and the color filter layer; A coupling grating is disposed on one side of the optical waveguide layer and is attached to the optical waveguide layer. The orthographic projection of the coupling grating on the substrate includes the orthographic projection of the black matrix on the substrate. The coupling grating is used to change the angle of light rays incident on the optical waveguide layer so that the light rays undergo total internal reflection within the optical waveguide layer. A coupling grating is disposed on one side of the optical waveguide layer and is attached to the optical waveguide layer. The orthographic projection of the coupling grating on the substrate is located within the orthographic projection of the color resist on the substrate. The coupling grating is used to change the angle of the light rays that undergo total internal reflection in the optical waveguide layer, so that the light rays are emitted from the optical waveguide layer to the color resist.

2. The display panel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The orthographic projection of the coupling grating on the substrate is arranged around the orthographic projection of the coupling grating on the substrate.

3. The display panel according to claim 2, characterized in that, The input grating and the output grating are disposed on the same layer, and the input grating is wound around the output grating.

4. The display panel according to claim 3, characterized in that, Both the insertion grating and the output grating are located between the sub-pixel and the optical waveguide layer.

5. The display panel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The orthographic projection of the coupled grating on the substrate completely coincides with the orthographic projection of the color resist on the substrate.

6. The display panel according to claim 5, characterized in that, The orthographic projection of the coupling grating onto the substrate is located in the central region of the orthographic projection of the sub-pixel onto the substrate.

7. The display panel according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the coupling grating is located between the optical waveguide layer and the color filter layer, the coupling grating is a reflection grating; when the coupling grating is located between the sub-pixel and the optical waveguide layer, the coupling grating is a transmission grating.

8. The display panel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The display panel further includes a lens structure disposed on the side of the color filter layer opposite to the substrate, and the orthogonal projection of the lens structure on the substrate includes the orthogonal projection of the color filter on the substrate.

9. The display panel according to claim 8, characterized in that, The display panel further includes a filling layer located on the side of the lens structure opposite to the substrate, and the filling layer covers the lens structure.

10. A display device, characterized in that, Includes the display panel as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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