A mass concrete stress-strain real-time monitoring and intelligent temperature control anti-cracking device

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of mass concrete stress strain real-time monitoring and intelligent temperature control crack prevention device, comprising: temperature monitoring module, it is installed at each temperature monitoring point;Stress strain monitoring module, it is installed at each stress monitoring point;Water supply tank;Water temperature regulating device, it is used to bidirectional adjustment water temperature in water supply tank;Backwater tank, it is communicated with water supply tank;Pipe cooling system, it includes cooling water pipe, its import, outlet are communicated with water supply tank outlet, backwater tank import respectively;Curing water pipe, it is around and is arranged on the inner side wall of curing shed, the import of curing water pipe is communicated with the outlet of two water tanks respectively, and each outlet of curing water pipe is equipped with atomizing nozzle respectively;Multiple control valves, it is respectively arranged on each pipeline and is used to control its internal water flow.The application can directly, real-time monitor the temperature and stress in mass concrete, and intelligently regulate and control pipe cooling system and curing system based on this data, to realize accurate, efficient temperature control crack prevention.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of concrete construction and curing technology. More specifically, this invention relates to a device for real-time monitoring of stress and strain in large-volume concrete and intelligent temperature control to prevent cracking. Background Technology

[0002] Large-volume concrete structures are prone to problems such as excessive internal and external temperature differences and rapid evaporation of surface moisture due to the high heat of cement hydration and internal heat accumulation. This can lead to temperature cracks and drying shrinkage cracks, which seriously affect the strength and durability of the concrete structure.

[0003] Traditional crack control technology mainly uses embedded temperature sensors to monitor concrete temperature changes and employs embedded cooling water pipes for cooling to control concrete quality. However, in practical applications, conventional temperature control and crack prevention systems still have the following drawbacks: (1) Monitoring lag and indirectness: The stress state inside the concrete can only be indirectly inferred through temperature changes, which is lag-related and cannot directly and in real time reflect the root cause of cracking - the over-limit of tensile stress. (2) Lack of linkage in control: The flow rate, water temperature and other parameters of cooling water pipes usually rely on experience for control and adjustment, lacking dynamic intelligent linkage with real-time temperature and stress data inside the concrete. The temperature control accuracy and efficiency are low, and the crack control effect is poor. (3) Insufficient comprehensiveness of curing: Traditional curing spraying systems have a single spraying direction, uneven coverage, and cannot focus on curing parts that are more prone to cracking due to water loss or sudden temperature changes (such as the chamfer of the pier and the edge of the foundation) according to the geometry of the concrete component, making it difficult to guarantee the curing effect.

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, this invention proposes a real-time monitoring and intelligent temperature control device for stress and strain in large-volume concrete to improve temperature control and crack prevention, thereby ensuring the quality of concrete structures. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a real-time monitoring and intelligent temperature control and crack prevention device for stress and strain in large-volume concrete. This device can directly and in real-time monitor the temperature and stress inside large-volume concrete, and intelligently adjust the cooling system and curing system based on this data, thereby achieving precise and efficient temperature control and crack prevention.

[0006] To achieve these objectives and other advantages according to the present invention, a real-time monitoring and intelligent temperature control crack prevention device for stress and strain in large-volume concrete is provided, comprising: The monitoring system includes a temperature monitoring module, which includes multiple temperature sensors installed at various temperature monitoring points on the concrete structure; and a stress-strain monitoring module, which includes multiple stress-strain sensors installed at various stress monitoring points on the concrete structure. A water supply system includes a water supply tank with a first inlet connected to an external water source; a first water pump configured to pump water from the water supply tank to its outlet; a water temperature regulating device configured to bidirectionally regulate the water temperature in the water supply tank; a return water tank connected to a second inlet of the water supply tank via a return water pipe; and a second water pump configured to pump water from the return water tank to its outlet. The pipe cooling system includes cooling water pipes installed inside a concrete structure. The inlet and outlet of the cooling water pipes are connected to the outlet of the first water pump and the inlet of the return water tank through a first inlet pipe and an outlet pipe, respectively. A curing system includes a curing shed enclosing a concrete structure; curing water pipes wound around the inner wall of the curing shed along the outer surface of the concrete structure, with the inlets of the curing water pipes connected to the outlets of the first and second water pumps via a second and a third water inlet pipe, respectively; and multiple outlets spaced along the length of the curing water pipes; and multiple atomizing nozzles correspondingly installed at and connected to the multiple outlets of the curing water pipes. The control system includes multiple control valves, which are respectively installed on each pipeline and used to control the internal water flow; the controller is electrically connected to the monitoring system, the water temperature regulating device, each water pump, and each control valve.

[0007] Preferably, the large-volume concrete stress-strain real-time monitoring and intelligent temperature control crack prevention device includes a water temperature regulating device comprising a temperature sensor installed at the outlet of the water supply tank to monitor the outlet water temperature; a refrigeration mechanism configured to lower the water temperature inside the water supply tank; a heating device configured to raise the water temperature inside the water supply tank; and a stirring mechanism disposed inside the water supply tank to equalize the water temperature inside the tank.

[0008] Preferably, the large-volume concrete stress-strain real-time monitoring and intelligent temperature control crack prevention device includes a water supply system that further includes a liquid level detection device, configured to detect the internal water level of the water supply tank and electrically connected to the controller; a water replenishment pipeline, which connects the first inlet of the water supply tank to an external water source; a water replenishment pump and a water replenishment valve, which are sequentially arranged along the water replenishment direction on the water replenishment pipeline and electrically connected to the controller. The water replenishment pump is configured to pump external water into the first inlet of the water supply tank, and the water replenishment valve is configured to control the internal water flow rate of the water replenishment pipeline.

[0009] Preferably, in the large-volume concrete stress-strain real-time monitoring and intelligent temperature control crack prevention device, the cooling water pipe includes multiple sets of cooling pipes, which are respectively arranged in multiple partitions inside the concrete structure. The inlet and outlet of any set of cooling pipes are connected to the outlet of the first water pump and the inlet of the return water tank through the first water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe, respectively. The first water inlet pipe includes multiple cooling branches, the inlet of which is connected to the outlet of the first water pump. The outlet of each cooling branch is connected to the inlet of the multiple sets of cooling pipes in a one-to-one correspondence. Each cooling branch is equipped with the control valve.

[0010] Preferably, the large-volume concrete stress-strain real-time monitoring and intelligent temperature control crack prevention device has a filter installed on the water outlet pipe.

[0011] Preferably, the large-volume concrete stress-strain real-time monitoring and intelligent temperature control crack prevention device includes a curing water pipe comprising multiple sets of curing pipes, each corresponding to a different curing zone on the concrete structure surface. The inlet of any set of curing pipes is connected to the outlet of the first water pump and the outlet of the second water pump via a second water inlet pipe and a third water inlet pipe, respectively. The multiple control valves also include control valves installed at the inlet of each curing pipe, configured to adjust the water flow rate of the corresponding curing pipe.

[0012] Preferably, in the large-volume concrete stress-strain real-time monitoring and intelligent temperature control crack prevention device, any atomizing nozzle is hinged to the curing water pipe via a rotating seat, and the rotating seat is configured to adjust the spray direction of the atomizing nozzle; The plurality of control valves also include control valves disposed at the inlet of each atomizing nozzle, which are configured to adjust the water inlet flow rate of the corresponding atomizing nozzle.

[0013] Preferably, the real-time stress-strain monitoring and intelligent temperature control anti-cracking device for large-volume concrete includes a controller comprising: a data acquisition module for receiving monitoring data from various sensors in the monitoring system and operating status data from the water temperature regulating device, water pumps, and control valves; a data analysis module for analyzing the monitoring data to obtain the internal surface temperature difference, internal temperature change rate, and stress change rate of the concrete structure; a decision module for generating corresponding control commands based on the monitoring data and the analysis results of the data analysis module, and controlling the operating status of the water temperature regulating device, water pumps, and control valves; and a display module for transmitting the monitoring data, the operating status data, and the analysis results of the data analysis module to an external display device.

[0014] Preferably, in the large-volume concrete stress-strain real-time monitoring and intelligent temperature control crack prevention device, the control strategy of the decision module includes: The control thresholds for multiple control parameters are preset, including the internal temperature of the concrete structure, the internal surface temperature difference, the internal stress value, the internal temperature change rate, and the internal stress change rate. In the initial state, the control valves on the first water inlet pipe, the second water inlet pipe, the water outlet pipe, and the water return pipe are all in the open state, while the control valve on the third water inlet pipe is in the closed state. When the internal temperature exceeds the limit or the internal temperature change rate is higher than the set first threshold, the opening of the control valve on the first water inlet pipe is increased; when the internal temperature change rate is lower than the set second threshold, the opening of the control valve on the first water inlet pipe is decreased; when the internal surface temperature difference exceeds the limit, the opening of the control valve on the first water inlet pipe is increased, while the control valve on the second water inlet pipe is closed and the control valve on the third water inlet pipe is opened; when the internal stress value or internal stress change rate exceeds the limit, the opening of the control valve on the first water inlet pipe is increased, while the opening of the control valve on the second or third water inlet pipe is increased.

[0015] Preferably, in the real-time monitoring and intelligent temperature control and crack prevention device for stress and strain in large-volume concrete, the control strategy of the decision module further includes: Taking the moment when any control command is issued by the decision module as the starting time, if the control parameters corresponding to the current control command still do not meet the set control range within the set time, auxiliary control is carried out by adjusting the opening degree of the corresponding control valve, the speed of the corresponding water pump, or starting the water temperature regulating device.

[0016] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention uses stress and strain sensors directly installed inside concrete to intuitively monitor multidimensional stress changes inside the concrete, and deeply integrates stress and strain monitoring with temperature field monitoring. This overcomes the indirectness and lag of single temperature monitoring, and can directly capture cracking risks from a mechanical perspective, making monitoring more sensitive and comprehensive. 2. This invention integrates dual monitoring functions of stress, strain and temperature, and establishes a closed-loop intelligent control system of "monitoring-analysis-control". Based on the monitoring data, it realizes intelligent linkage temperature control and curing, so that the state of cooling water and curing water can be dynamically adjusted according to real-time temperature and stress data. Thus, the control strategy is transformed from passive monitoring to active intelligent control, realizing the leap from "experience-driven" to "data-driven", which is conducive to improving the temperature control and crack prevention effect of large-volume concrete structures. 3. This invention integrates the three major systems of monitoring, pipe cooling, and maintenance into a unified platform, achieving a high degree of system integration. Through information sharing and collaborative work, it realizes multi-system linkage control, improving the efficiency and automation level of construction management. 4. This invention employs a ring-shaped, zoned curing water pipe and atomizing nozzles with freely adjustable spray direction, achieving adaptive and precise curing of the three-dimensional surfaces of complex-shaped concrete structures. This solves the industry problems of uneven coverage and inadequate curing of sharp corners and edges caused by traditional curing methods. Furthermore, the control valves at the inlet of each atomizing nozzle can dynamically adjust the curing status of different areas of the concrete structure based on real-time temperature and stress data, further ensuring the accuracy and quality of curing. 5. The pipe cooling system and curing system of the present invention use the same water supply system for liquid supply, and the water supply tank is equipped with a bidirectional water temperature regulating device, which avoids the complex design of water tank and connecting pipelines, which is conducive to better control of the internal and external temperature and temperature difference of concrete. At the same time, it can be widely used in a variety of complex engineering environments and has excellent adaptability and reliability.

[0017] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will become apparent in part from the following description, and in part from those skilled in the art through study and practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a real-time monitoring and intelligent temperature control crack prevention device for stress and strain in large-volume concrete according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the control system described in the above embodiments for controlling the rate of temperature change inside the concrete structure.

[0019] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Water supply tank; 21. First water pump; 22. Second water pump; 31. Refrigeration mechanism; 32. Heating equipment; 33. Stirring mechanism; 4. Return water tank; 5. Cooling water pipe; 6. Maintenance water pipe; 71. First water inlet pipe; 72. Second water inlet pipe; 73. Third water inlet pipe; 74. Water outlet pipe; 75. Return water pipe; 8. Control valve; 9. Filter. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that those skilled in the art can implement it based on the description.

[0021] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods described in the following embodiments are all conventional methods, and the reagents and materials described are all commercially available unless otherwise specified. In the description of this invention, the terms "lateral", "longitudinal", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", and "outer" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0022] like Figure 1-2 As shown, this invention provides a real-time monitoring and intelligent temperature control device for stress and strain in large-volume concrete to prevent cracking, comprising: The monitoring system includes a temperature monitoring module, which includes multiple temperature sensors installed at various temperature monitoring points on the concrete structure; and a stress-strain monitoring module, which includes multiple stress-strain sensors installed at various stress monitoring points on the concrete structure. A water supply system includes a water supply tank with a first inlet connected to an external water source; a first water pump configured to pump water from the water supply tank to its outlet; a water temperature regulating device configured to bidirectionally regulate the water temperature in the water supply tank; a return water tank connected to a second inlet of the water supply tank via a return water pipe; and a second water pump configured to pump water from the return water tank to its outlet. The pipe cooling system includes cooling water pipes installed inside a concrete structure. The inlet and outlet of the cooling water pipes are connected to the outlet of the first water pump and the inlet of the return water tank through a first inlet pipe and an outlet pipe, respectively. A curing system includes a curing shed enclosing a concrete structure; curing water pipes wound around the inner wall of the curing shed along the outer surface of the concrete structure, with the inlets of the curing water pipes connected to the outlets of the first and second water pumps via a second and a third water inlet pipe, respectively; and multiple outlets spaced along the length of the curing water pipes; and multiple atomizing nozzles correspondingly installed at and connected to the multiple outlets of the curing water pipes. The control system includes multiple control valves, which are respectively installed on each pipeline (first inlet pipeline, second inlet pipeline, third inlet pipeline, outlet pipeline, and return pipeline) and used to control the internal water flow; the controller is electrically connected to the monitoring system (temperature sensor, stress strain sensor), the water temperature regulating device, each water pump, and each control valve.

[0023] In the above technical solution, temperature monitoring points include multiple monitoring points located inside and on the surface of the concrete structure, and stress monitoring points include multiple monitoring points located inside the concrete structure. Temperature sensors and stress / strain sensors can be pre-embedded during the rebar tying stage of concrete structure construction (the sensor housing is welded to the rebar or fixed by a bracket). After the concrete is poured, the sensors pre-embedded inside the concrete structure can collect real-time data on the concrete surface temperature, internal temperature, and internal stress. Each sensor is wirelessly connected to the controller. The sensors integrate wireless communication units (such as radio frequency chips), and the controller integrates corresponding wireless signal receiving units (such as gateways). The temperature and stress data collected by the monitoring system can be wirelessly transmitted to the controller. The controller analyzes the monitoring data to determine the temperature and stress changes in the concrete structure and, based on this, controls and adjusts the working status of the water supply system, pipe cooling system, and curing system to achieve temperature control and crack prevention. This wireless transmission method avoids complex wiring and facilitates construction.

[0024] Specifically, the analysis of monitoring data includes: calculating the internal surface temperature difference and the highest internal temperature of the concrete, and automatically generating corresponding temperature change curves. When the internal surface temperature difference exceeds 20℃ or the internal temperature exceeds 65℃, the temperature is considered to be out of limit, and an alarm signal is sent to the outside through the controller's display module (such as an external display); judging the stress changes at each pressure monitoring point, and automatically generating corresponding stress change curves. When the internal tensile stress exceeds the set threshold, an alarm signal is sent to the outside through the controller's display module. The above monitoring data can be stored in the controller, and staff can query the monitoring results at any time through online or download methods. The set threshold for tensile stress (stress warning value) needs to be comprehensively evaluated and set in actual engineering based on the specific concrete mix ratio, constraint conditions, and environmental factors. The above monitoring system integrates stress-strain and temperature dual monitoring functions, overcoming the indirectness and lag of single temperature monitoring, and can more directly and sensitively capture and identify cracking risks, thereby guiding the linkage control scheme of other systems in the device. The operating status of the water supply system, pipe cooling system, and curing system includes the on / off state and opening degree of each control valve, the operating mode (heating, cooling) of the water temperature regulating device, and the operating parameters (speed) of the water pump. When the monitored temperature and stress data exceed the limits, the operating status of each component is adjusted accordingly, such as by increasing the pipeline flow rate and lowering the water temperature, to reduce the risk of concrete cracking.

[0025] In the water supply system, each water pump can be built into or externally mounted on its corresponding water tank. The pump's drainage channel is connected to the outlet of the corresponding water tank. When the pump is built into the tank, its inlet is connected to the liquid phase space at the bottom of the corresponding water tank, and its outlet is the outlet of the corresponding water tank. When the pump is externally mounted, its inlet is connected to the outlet of the corresponding water tank. The water temperature regulating device can be a combined structure, that is, it achieves bidirectional regulation of the water temperature in the water supply tank by combining conventional heating equipment and conventional cooling equipment. The heating and cooling equipment can be installed at the water supply tank respectively, and the controller is electrically connected to the heating and cooling equipment respectively. It can control the opening and closing of the heating and cooling equipment through remote commands to achieve bidirectional control of the water temperature in the tank, thereby flexibly controlling the inlet water temperature of the pipe cooling system and the maintenance system.

[0026] The cooling water pipes of the pipe cooling system are embedded inside the concrete structure (or pre-embedded during the concrete reinforcement binding stage). The water flow in the cooling water pipes carries away the heat generated inside the concrete structure to achieve internal temperature control. The curing water pipes of the curing system are wrapped around the outside of the concrete structure and spray the outer surface of the concrete structure with multiple atomizing nozzles for curing to achieve external temperature and humidity control. The aforementioned cooling and curing systems utilize the same water supply system, avoiding complex water tank and connecting pipe designs. The curing water supply source can be switched between a supply tank and a return tank. When the supply tank is used, the inlet water temperature of the cooling water pipes and the curing water pipes is the same, and this temperature can be actively and precisely controlled by a water temperature regulating device. This simplifies the system structure and control method while achieving control over the temperature state of the concrete structure (internal temperature and internal-external temperature difference). When the return tank is used, the water in the supply tank is used as coolant and flows into the cooling water pipes. After removing internal heat from the concrete structure, the water enters the return tank. The heated water in the return tank is then used as curing water and flows into the curing water pipes, where it is converted by atomizing nozzles. For water mist spraying onto the surface of concrete structures for curing, since heat accumulates inside the concrete structure, the internal temperature is usually higher than the surface temperature. The above-mentioned liquid supply method naturally creates different inlet water temperatures for the cooling water pipes and curing water pipes under the same water supply system, which is conducive to better and faster control of the temperature difference between the inner and outer surfaces of the concrete. At the same time, this active and bidirectional liquid supply water temperature regulation method makes the temperature control and crack prevention device widely applicable to complex engineering environments with large temperature variation ranges or extreme temperature conditions. It has excellent adaptability and reliability, and is particularly suitable for real-time monitoring of temperature and stress fields, crack early warning, and intelligent active temperature control of large-volume concrete structures such as bridge piers, dams, and nuclear power facilities.

[0027] In another technical solution, the large-volume concrete stress-strain real-time monitoring and intelligent temperature control crack prevention device includes a water temperature adjustment device comprising a temperature sensor installed at the outlet of the water supply tank to monitor the outlet water temperature; a refrigeration mechanism configured to lower the water temperature inside the water supply tank; a heating device configured to raise the water temperature inside the water supply tank; and a stirring mechanism located inside the water supply tank to equalize the water temperature inside the tank.

[0028] The temperature sensor is fixedly installed inside the water supply tank and located at its outlet. The refrigeration mechanism can be a compressor, with its evaporator fixedly installed inside the water supply tank (and immersed in its liquid phase space), and the condenser fixedly installed outside the water supply tank. The compressor cools the liquid in the water supply tank by absorbing heat through the evaporation of refrigerant in the built-in evaporator. The heating device can be an electric heating element, which is arranged around the water supply tank, and a power supply is provided outside the water supply tank to power the electric heating element. The stirring mechanism can be a submersible pump, which is fixedly installed in the middle of the bottom surface inside the water supply tank. The water inlet of the submersible pump is horizontal, and the water outlet is vertically upward. Thus, when the submersible pump is working, it stirs the water flow in the tank to form a large-scale circulation to achieve a stirring effect. The various devices inside the water supply tank do not interfere with each other during installation and operation. The second inlet and outlet of the water supply tank can be set opposite each other on the bottom sides of the water supply tank. The submersible pump can be equipped with two inlets, which are respectively set opposite to the second inlet and outlet of the water supply tank to further guide and enhance the circulation effect. The evaporator and electric heating tube can be set on the circulation path of the submersible pump to ensure the temperature regulation effect.

[0029] In another technical solution, the large-volume concrete stress-strain real-time monitoring and intelligent temperature control crack prevention device includes a water supply system that further includes a liquid level detection device, configured to detect the internal water level of the water supply tank and electrically connected to the controller; a water replenishment pipeline, which connects the first inlet of the water supply tank to an external water source; a water replenishment pump and a water replenishment valve, which are sequentially arranged along the water replenishment direction on the water replenishment pipeline and electrically connected to the controller. The water replenishment pump is configured to pump external water into the first inlet of the water supply tank, and the water replenishment valve is configured to control the internal water flow rate of the water replenishment pipeline.

[0030] Specifically, the liquid level detection device can be a liquid level sensor, which is installed inside the water supply tank and detects the real-time liquid level height. This liquid level signal is then transmitted to the controller via wired / wireless means. The controller automatically compares the real-time liquid level height with a set low liquid level threshold. When the real-time liquid level height is detected to be lower than the set threshold, the controller opens the water supply valve and starts the water supply pump, automatically replenishing water to the water supply tank through the water supply pipeline until the real-time liquid level height reaches the set high liquid level threshold, at which point the water supply pump and water supply valve are shut off. The first inlet of the water supply tank can be located on the top or upper part of the side wall of the water supply tank.

[0031] In another technical solution, the large-volume concrete stress-strain real-time monitoring and intelligent temperature control crack prevention device includes a cooling water pipe comprising multiple sets of cooling pipes, which are respectively arranged in multiple partitions inside the concrete structure. The inlet and outlet of any set of cooling pipes are connected to the outlet of the first water pump and the inlet of the return water tank through a first water inlet pipe and an outlet pipe, respectively. The first water inlet pipe includes multiple cooling branches, the inlet of which is connected to the outlet of the first water pump. The outlet of each cooling branch is connected to the inlet of the multiple sets of cooling pipes in a one-to-one correspondence. Each cooling branch is equipped with the control valve.

[0032] In the above technical solution, the interior of the concrete structure is divided into multiple cooling zones. Multiple sets of cooling pipes are correspondingly installed within these cooling zones. Each set of cooling pipes is connected in parallel between the outlet of the first water pump and the inlet of the return water tank. Water pumped from the outlet of the first water pump is diverted through various cooling branches and enters the corresponding cooling pipes. The water in each cooling pipe exchanges heat with the concrete structure and then flows into the return water tank through the outlet pipe. For the coordination structure of multiple cooling branches and corresponding control valves, a water distributor can be installed between the outlet of the first water pump and the multiple cooling branches. This distributor is electrically connected to the controller to realize the functions of flow diversion, on / off control of each branch, and flow regulation. Flow meters can also be added to each cooling branch to provide feedback on the real-time flow of each branch for precise adjustment.

[0033] In addition, each cooling zone is equipped with at least two temperature monitoring points and two stress monitoring points. During temperature and stress monitoring, one or more cooling zones exhibiting excessive temperature or stress can be precisely located. By adjusting the opening of the control valves on the corresponding cooling branches, the water flow in the corresponding cooling pipes can be controlled, achieving precise temperature control for the corresponding cooling zones. This ensures temperature uniformity across all areas within the concrete structure, further guaranteeing temperature control and crack prevention. The control valves on each cooling branch are relatively independent and can execute different control commands, thereby achieving precise control of the flow rate in different cooling pipes and zoned temperature regulation within the concrete structure.

[0034] The large-volume concrete stress-strain real-time monitoring and intelligent temperature control crack prevention device of the present invention can intelligently analyze the monitoring results of internal temperature and stress of concrete, and intelligently control the opening position of each control valve, thereby accurately and effectively controlling the range of internal temperature change of concrete and meeting the temperature control standard requirements for concrete forming and curing.

[0035] In another technical solution, the large-volume concrete stress-strain real-time monitoring and intelligent temperature control crack prevention device includes a filter on the outlet pipe. That is, the liquid after heat exchange in the cooling water pipe must be filtered before entering the return water tank to ensure the cleanliness of the circulating water and reduce the risk of blockage in pipes, pumps, and valves. The filter is a three-stage filter capable of filtering particulate impurities larger than 5 microns.

[0036] In another technical solution, the large-volume concrete stress-strain real-time monitoring and intelligent temperature control crack prevention device includes a curing water pipe comprising multiple sets of curing pipes, which are set one-to-one with multiple curing zones on the concrete structure surface. The inlet of any set of curing pipes is connected to the outlet of the first water pump and the outlet of the second water pump through a second water inlet pipe and a third water inlet pipe, respectively. The multiple control valves also include control valves set at the inlet of each curing pipe, which are configured to adjust the water flow rate of the corresponding curing pipe.

[0037] In the above technical solution, the curing shed uses a curing tarpaulin, which is a sleeve-shaped structure covering the outside of a large-volume concrete structure, forming a relatively sealed curing shed on the outside of the concrete structure. The curing water pipes are installed between the concrete structure and the curing tarpaulin. The outer surface of the concrete structure is divided into multiple curing zones (e.g., sunny zone, shady zone, and corner zone) according to its structural characteristics. Multiple sets of curing pipes are correspondingly installed within these multiple curing zones, forming a ring-shaped zoned liquid supply system. This system is a closed ring network surrounding the outer surface of the concrete structure. The inlets of each set of curing pipes are connected in parallel at the same pipe branching node. This node is connected to the outlets of the first and second water pumps via a second and a third inlet pipe, respectively, allowing the water supply source for the curing water pipes to be switched between a supply tank and a return tank. The curing water flow rate of each set of curing pipes can be independently controlled by corresponding control valves to achieve precise adjustment of the curing status of each zone. The control valves on the second and third inlet pipes are used to switch the water supply source for the curing pipes and adjust the total flow rate of the current water supply to the curing pipes, i.e., the sum of the water flow rates of all curing pipes. The control valves on each group of curing pipes are used to control the water flow rate within the current curing pipe. Each group of curing pipes is equipped with at least one atomizing nozzle, which uses the atomized steam generated by the nozzle to cure the large-volume concrete structure. Within a short time (5 minutes), the humidity of the curing area can reach above 85% RH, ensuring that the temperature and humidity of the curing area meet the design requirements, thereby effectively controlling the drying shrinkage of the concrete surface and the temperature difference between the inside and outside. After curing, the curing shed can be quickly disassembled and stored, which is convenient and efficient, and can be reused, improving project efficiency while saving costs.

[0038] In practical applications, the controller automatically adjusts the opening of the control valves corresponding to different curing zones based on the type of curing zone and the temperature data at different locations on the concrete structure surface fed back by each temperature sensor, in order to achieve better curing results. For example, the amount and frequency of spraying are increased in the sun-facing areas with higher temperatures, and "special attention" is given to the corners and edges to ensure that there are no blind spots in curing and that the temperature and humidity are uniform.

[0039] In another technical solution, in the large-volume concrete stress-strain real-time monitoring and intelligent temperature control crack prevention device, any atomizing nozzle is hinged to the curing water pipe through a rotating seat, and the rotating seat is configured to adjust the spray direction of the atomizing nozzle. The plurality of control valves also include control valves disposed at the inlet of each atomizing nozzle, which are configured to adjust the water inlet flow rate of the corresponding atomizing nozzle.

[0040] In the above technical solution, the rotating seat can be a ball joint connector, with the ball seat fixed at the outlet of the curing water pipe and the ball head fixedly connected to the atomizing nozzle. This ball joint connector is equipped with an electric actuator (such as a micro motor), which is electrically connected to the controller. Therefore, the controller can control the working state of the electric actuator, and the spray direction of the atomizing nozzle can be infinitely adjusted by adjusting the rotation angle of the ball head within the ball seat, allowing for precise control of the spray direction. Furthermore, each atomizing nozzle has an additional control valve at its inlet, meaning the curing status of the concrete structure curing area corresponding to different atomizing nozzles is independently adjustable. When the temperature and stress-strain sensors of the monitoring system detect that the temperature or stress index of a specific area exceeds the limit, the position of the corresponding atomizing nozzle in that area can be more accurately located, and its working state (the opening degree of the corresponding control valve) can be controlled, achieving precise curing.

[0041] In another technical solution, the large-volume concrete stress-strain real-time monitoring and intelligent temperature control crack prevention device includes a controller comprising a data acquisition module for receiving monitoring data from various sensors in the monitoring system and the operating status data of the water temperature regulating device, water pumps, and control valves; a data analysis module for analyzing the monitoring data to obtain the internal surface temperature difference, internal temperature change rate, and stress change rate of the concrete structure; a decision module for generating corresponding control commands based on the monitoring data and the analysis results of the data analysis module and controlling the operating status of the water temperature regulating device, water pumps, and control valves; and a display module for transmitting the monitoring data, the operating status data, and the analysis results of the data analysis module to an external display device.

[0042] The controller can be a modular PLC controller, whose data acquisition module is equipped with a wireless signal transmitting and receiving unit. It can receive real-time data collected by various sensors in the field monitoring system and working data from other equipment via wireless signal transmission. The data analysis module and decision-making module can be mounted on a cloud platform. The data acquisition module transmits the collected monitoring data and working data to the cloud platform via wireless signals such as GPRS / 4G. The cloud platform uses built-in algorithms to process, analyze, and calculate the monitoring data, and generates control commands according to preset control logic to remotely adjust the working parameters of field execution equipment (such as control valves and water temperature regulating devices), achieving intelligent control of the process. Here, each control valve and controller can also use a wireless connection for bidirectional data transmission. Furthermore, the display module can download / read preset key information (such as temperature, stress exceeding limits, and the working status of each device) from the cloud platform and display it on an external display device or push it to users via terminals such as WeChat mini-programs.

[0043] In another technical solution, the control strategy of the decision module in the aforementioned real-time monitoring and intelligent temperature control and crack prevention device for large-volume concrete stress and strain includes: The control thresholds for multiple control parameters are preset, including the internal temperature of the concrete structure, the internal surface temperature difference, the internal stress value, the internal temperature change rate, and the internal stress change rate. In the initial state, the control valves on the first water inlet pipe, the second water inlet pipe, the water outlet pipe, and the water return pipe are all in the open state, while the control valve on the third water inlet pipe is in the closed state. When the internal temperature exceeds the limit or the internal temperature change rate is higher than the set first threshold, the opening of the control valve on the first water inlet pipe is increased; when the internal temperature change rate is lower than the set second threshold, the opening of the control valve on the first water inlet pipe is decreased; when the internal surface temperature difference exceeds the limit, the opening of the control valve on the first water inlet pipe is increased, while the control valve on the second water inlet pipe is closed and the control valve on the third water inlet pipe is opened; when the internal stress value or internal stress change rate exceeds the limit, the opening of the control valve on the first water inlet pipe is increased, while the opening of the control valve on the second or third water inlet pipe is increased.

[0044] In the above technical solution, under the initial (normal) state, the curing water pipe is supplied with liquid through the second inlet pipe. Only when the internal surface temperature difference of the concrete structure exceeds the limit is the supply of liquid switched to the third inlet pipe considered. At this time, the water in the supply tank is used as coolant and flows into the cooling water pipe. After removing the internal heat of the concrete structure, it enters the return water tank. The water in the return water tank, after being heated, is used as curing water and flows into the curing water pipe. It is then converted into water mist by atomizing nozzles and sprayed onto the surface of the concrete structure for curing. Thus, under the same water supply system, different inlet water temperatures are naturally formed for the cooling water pipe and the curing water pipe. This is beneficial for better and faster improvement of the situation where the internal surface temperature difference of the concrete structure is too large (the internal temperature is excessively higher than the external temperature), thereby achieving control of the internal surface temperature difference of the concrete.

[0045] The control strategy includes temperature-based control parameters: internal temperature of the concrete structure, internal surface temperature difference, and internal temperature change rate. For multiple internal and surface temperature monitoring points, the internal temperature can be taken as the highest internal temperature T1 of the concrete structure, the internal surface temperature difference can be taken as the maximum value of the internal surface temperature difference, and the internal temperature change rate can be taken as the rate of change of T1. In the case of zoned control (cooling zone and curing zone), each zone is controlled separately, and the corresponding control valves are adjusted according to the current zone's internal temperature, internal surface temperature difference, and internal temperature change rate. Specifically, when the internal temperature or internal surface temperature difference exceeds the limit, the opening of the control valve on the first inlet pipe needs to be increased to improve the cooling effect of the cooling water pipe and suppress the internal temperature rise of the concrete structure. For cases where the internal surface temperature difference exceeds the limit, auxiliary adjustment can also be made by switching the liquid supply source (from the supply tank to the return tank). Specifically, switching control methods includes: first opening the control valve on the third inlet pipe, and then gradually reducing the opening of the control valve on the second inlet pipe until it is closed. During this process, the real-time flow rate at the inlet of the maintenance water pipe is constantly monitored and kept stable. After the control valve on the second inlet pipe is closed, if the real-time flow rate at the inlet of the maintenance water pipe decreases significantly, the opening of the control valve on the return water pipe can be reduced or it can be closed directly to ensure that the maintenance water flow rate meets the maintenance requirements. Regarding the internal temperature change rate, there is a control range; this parameter cannot be too large (too fast a temperature rise) or too small (too slow a temperature rise). In practical applications, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the real-time temperature change rate (ΔT / Δt) inside the concrete is analyzed. T1 is the highest temperature inside the concrete structure, and ΔT1 is the temperature change of T1 over a 2-hour period. When the temperature change ΔT1 < 0.1℃ (too slow temperature rise) or > 0.2℃ (too fast temperature rise) within 2 hours, the opening of the control valve on the corresponding pipeline is adjusted to decrease or increase, so as to accurately control the temperature rise rate inside the concrete and meet the temperature control standard (e.g., daily temperature drop ≤ 2℃). When 0.1℃ < ΔT1 < 0.2℃, the control valve is not adjusted. Intelligent cyclic control can effectively control the temperature rise and fall rate of the concrete, thereby reducing the risk of internal cracking in large-volume concrete.

[0046] Stress trend-based control includes two parameters: internal stress value and internal stress change rate. For multiple internal stress monitoring points, the internal stress can be taken as the maximum internal stress value σ1 of the concrete structure, and the internal stress change rate can be taken as the rate of change of σ1. In the case of zoned control (cooling zone and curing zone), each zone is controlled separately, and the corresponding control valve is adjusted according to the current internal stress value and internal stress change rate of the zone. Specifically, when the internal stress value exceeds the limit, the opening of the control valve on the first water inlet pipe needs to be increased to quickly reduce the temperature gradient and achieve the effect of reducing temperature stress. At the same time, the water flow rate in the curing water pipe also needs to be increased to suppress tensile stress growth by improving the surface constraint state of the concrete, thereby reducing the risk of internal cracking in large-volume concrete. Based on stress value control, a stress change rate-based control is added. When the tensile stress inside the concrete does not exceed the set stress warning value, but its rate of change is rapidly and continuously increasing (i.e., the tensile stress is increasing sharply), the controller can activate the joint control scheme without waiting for the temperature to exceed the limit. It prioritizes adjusting the opening of the control valve in the first water inlet pipe for targeted cooling, controlling the concrete's heating and cooling rate and the internal and external temperature difference to reduce temperature stress. Simultaneously, the curing system is controlled to enhance curing by increasing the spray volume and raising the spray water temperature. This improves the surface constraint of the concrete to suppress tensile stress growth, thereby reducing the risk of internal cracking in large-volume concrete. When an increased spray volume is needed, the control valve in either the second or third water inlet pipe is adjusted based on the current liquid supply status of the curing system.

[0047] The above control scheme, in addition to conventional control methods, also achieves predictive control based on temperature and stress change trends, advancing the control timing from "reactive" to "predictive," improving the timeliness and accuracy of control, and further enhancing the success rate of crack prevention and control.

[0048] In another technical solution, the control strategy of the decision module in the aforementioned real-time monitoring and intelligent temperature control and crack prevention device for large-volume concrete stress and strain further includes: Starting from the moment any control command issued by the decision module, if the control parameters corresponding to the current control command still do not meet the set control range within a set time, auxiliary control is implemented by adjusting the opening degree of the corresponding control valve, the speed of the corresponding water pump, or activating the water temperature regulating device. Adjusting the control valve opening degree refers to further increasing the adjustment range of the control valve opening in the same direction based on the original adjustment scheme. Increasing the water pump speed has the same effect as increasing the opening degree of the control valve on the corresponding pipeline. When the internal temperature of the concrete structure rises too quickly, directly lowering the supply water temperature through the water temperature regulating device can further suppress the temperature rise. Furthermore, the control strategy also includes analyzing changes in ambient temperature. When the ambient temperature is too low or too high, the water temperature in the supply tank is adjusted in advance through the water temperature regulating device to maintain a suitable temperature environment, ensure the molding quality of the concrete structure, and prevent cracking of the concrete due to overheating or overcooling.

[0049] During construction, temperature and stress-strain sensors are first embedded in the concrete components according to design requirements; then, the water pipe network of the pipe cooling system and the curing shed and curing pipes of the curing system are laid out; finally, the control system is started and enters the state of automated monitoring and intelligent control until the concrete curing period ends and the risk of cracking is significantly reduced.

[0050] Although embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the specification and embodiments. They can be applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other modifications can be easily made. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and their equivalents, the present invention is not limited to the specific details and illustrations shown and described herein.

Claims

1. A real-time monitoring and intelligent temperature control device for stress and strain in large-volume concrete to prevent cracking, characterized in that, include: The monitoring system includes a temperature monitoring module, which includes multiple temperature sensors, which are installed at various temperature monitoring points on the concrete structure. The stress-strain monitoring module includes multiple stress-strain sensors, which are installed at various stress monitoring points in the concrete structure. A water supply system includes a water supply tank with a first inlet connected to an external water source; a first water pump configured to pump water from the water supply tank to its outlet; a water temperature regulating device configured to bidirectionally regulate the water temperature in the water supply tank; a return water tank connected to a second inlet of the water supply tank via a return water pipe; and a second water pump configured to pump water from the return water tank to its outlet. The pipe cooling system includes cooling water pipes installed inside a concrete structure. The inlet and outlet of the cooling water pipes are connected to the outlet of the first water pump and the inlet of the return water tank through a first inlet pipe and an outlet pipe, respectively. A curing system includes a curing shed enclosing a concrete structure; curing water pipes wound around the inner wall of the curing shed along the outer surface of the concrete structure, with the inlets of the curing water pipes connected to the outlets of the first and second water pumps via a second and a third water inlet pipe, respectively; and multiple outlets spaced along the length of the curing water pipes; and multiple atomizing nozzles correspondingly installed at and connected to the multiple outlets of the curing water pipes. The control system includes multiple control valves, which are respectively installed on each pipeline and used to control the internal water flow; the controller is electrically connected to the monitoring system, the water temperature regulating device, each water pump, and each control valve.

2. The real-time stress-strain monitoring and intelligent temperature control and crack prevention device for large-volume concrete as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The water temperature regulating device includes a temperature sensor installed at the outlet of the water supply tank to monitor the outlet water temperature; a refrigeration mechanism configured to lower the water temperature inside the water supply tank; a heating device configured to raise the water temperature inside the water supply tank; and a stirring mechanism located inside the water supply tank to equalize the water temperature inside the tank.

3. The real-time stress-strain monitoring and intelligent temperature control and crack prevention device for large-volume concrete as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The water supply system also includes a liquid level detection device, which is configured to detect the internal water level of the water supply tank and is electrically connected to the controller; a water supply pipeline, which connects the first inlet of the water supply tank to an external water source; a water supply pump and a water supply valve, which are sequentially arranged on the water supply pipeline along the water supply direction and electrically connected to the controller. The water supply pump is configured to pump external water into the first inlet of the water supply tank, and the water supply valve is configured to control the internal water flow rate of the water supply pipeline.

4. The real-time stress-strain monitoring and intelligent temperature control and crack prevention device for large-volume concrete as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The cooling water pipes include multiple sets of cooling pipes, which are respectively arranged in multiple zones inside the concrete structure. The inlet and outlet of any set of cooling pipes are connected to the outlet of the first water pump and the inlet of the return water tank through the first water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe, respectively. The first water inlet pipe includes multiple cooling branches, the inlet of which is connected to the outlet of the first water pump. The outlet of each cooling branch is connected to the inlet of the multiple sets of cooling pipes in a one-to-one correspondence. Each cooling branch is equipped with the control valve.

5. The real-time stress-strain monitoring and intelligent temperature control and crack prevention device for large-volume concrete as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A filter is installed on the water outlet pipe.

6. The real-time stress-strain monitoring and intelligent temperature control and crack prevention device for large-volume concrete as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The curing water pipe includes multiple sets of curing pipes, which are set one-to-one with multiple curing zones on the concrete structure surface. The inlet of any set of curing pipes is connected to the outlet of the first water pump and the outlet of the second water pump through the second water inlet pipe and the third water inlet pipe, respectively. The multiple control valves also include control valves set at the inlet of each curing pipe, which are set to adjust the water flow rate of the corresponding curing pipe.

7. The real-time stress-strain monitoring and intelligent temperature control and crack prevention device for large-volume concrete as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Any atomizing nozzle is hinged to the maintenance water pipe via a rotating seat, the rotating seat being configured to adjust the spray direction of the atomizing nozzle; The plurality of control valves also include control valves disposed at the inlet of each atomizing nozzle, which are configured to adjust the water inlet flow rate of the corresponding atomizing nozzle.

8. The real-time stress-strain monitoring and intelligent temperature control and crack prevention device for large-volume concrete as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The controller includes a data acquisition module, which is used to receive monitoring data from each sensor in the monitoring system and the working status data of the water temperature regulating device, each water pump, and each control valve; and a data analysis module, which is used to analyze the monitoring data to obtain the internal surface temperature difference, internal temperature change rate, and stress change rate of the concrete structure. The decision module is used to generate corresponding control commands based on the monitoring data and the analysis results of the data analysis module, and to control the working status of the water temperature regulating device, each water pump, and each control valve; the display module is used to transmit the monitoring data, the working status data, and the analysis results of the data analysis module to an external display device.

9. The real-time stress-strain monitoring and intelligent temperature control and crack prevention device for large-volume concrete as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The control strategy of the decision-making module includes: The control thresholds for multiple control parameters are preset, including the internal temperature of the concrete structure, the internal surface temperature difference, the internal stress value, the internal temperature change rate, and the internal stress change rate. In the initial state, the control valves on the first water inlet pipe, the second water inlet pipe, the water outlet pipe, and the water return pipe are all in the open state, while the control valve on the third water inlet pipe is in the closed state. When the internal temperature exceeds the limit or the internal temperature change rate is higher than the set first threshold, the opening of the control valve on the first water inlet pipe is increased; when the internal temperature change rate is lower than the set second threshold, the opening of the control valve on the first water inlet pipe is decreased; when the internal surface temperature difference exceeds the limit, the opening of the control valve on the first water inlet pipe is increased, while the control valve on the second water inlet pipe is closed and the control valve on the third water inlet pipe is opened; when the internal stress value or internal stress change rate exceeds the limit, the opening of the control valve on the first water inlet pipe is increased, while the opening of the control valve on the second or third water inlet pipe is increased.

10. The real-time stress-strain monitoring and intelligent temperature control and crack prevention device for large-volume concrete as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The control strategy of the decision-making module also includes: Taking the moment when any control command is issued by the decision module as the starting time, if the control parameters corresponding to the current control command still do not meet the set control range within the set time, auxiliary control is carried out by adjusting the opening degree of the corresponding control valve, the speed of the corresponding water pump, or starting the water temperature regulating device.

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