Direct current power carrier communication method and device, measurement and control equipment and medium

Abstract

This disclosure relates to the field of oil and gas extraction technology, and in particular to a DC power line carrier communication method, apparatus, measurement and control equipment, and medium, which can solve the problems of synchronous transmission and reception in half-duplex communication and the complexity and redundancy of full-duplex schemes. The method includes selecting at least one of a first communication frequency band and a second communication frequency band to complete data transmission according to data transmission requirements, wherein the first and second communication frequency bands are mutually isolated; in the first communication frequency band, a first mixed signal is received, and a first carrier signal is isolated from the first mixed signal for parsing to obtain control commands; in the second communication frequency band, a second carrier signal characterizing downhole physical feature data is superimposed on the DC power supply base component and encoded to generate a second mixed signal for transmission. By achieving full-duplex communication through frequency division multiplexing, downhole equipment can simultaneously receive control commands and transmit monitoring data, solving the latency problem of half-duplex communication.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of oil and gas extraction technology, and in particular to a DC power line carrier communication method, device, measurement and control equipment and medium. Background Technology

[0002] The intelligent well monitoring and control system relies on DC power line carrier to achieve power supply and communication multiplexing. It needs to meet the two-way communication requirements of issuing ground control commands and uploading downhole monitoring data, and requires that commands and data transmission be synchronized and responded to in real time.

[0003] Existing intelligent well monitoring and control systems generally use half-duplex DC power line carrier communication. This communication method cannot achieve simultaneous transmission and reception of signals between the ground and the well. Uplink data transmission and downlink command issuance can only be carried out alternately in time-sharing, which makes it difficult to meet the two-way synchronous communication requirements of real-time uploading of downhole data and rapid issuance of ground commands. Communication delay directly affects the real-time performance and control efficiency of downhole monitoring and control.

[0004] While using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) modulation technology can achieve full-duplex communication and synchronous signal transmission and reception, this solution is complex to implement, has high hardware costs and power consumption, and since the smart well only needs to transmit a small number of control commands to the downhole, such a complex design is over-designed and will cause unnecessary waste of resources and power consumption. At the same time, the carrier signal superimposed on the DC power supply line is prone to voltage fluctuations, affecting the stability of the downhole power supply. This solution cannot meet the requirements of communication transmission and stable power supply for equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This disclosure provides a DC power line carrier communication method, device, measurement and control equipment, and medium; it can solve the technical problems of existing half-duplex communication being unable to transmit and receive synchronously, full-duplex schemes being complex and redundant, and poor stability of underground communication and power supply, and can realize the simultaneous transmission and reception of signals on the ground and underground, ensuring real-time communication and system reliability.

[0006] The technical solution disclosed herein is implemented as follows: In a first aspect, this disclosure provides a DC power line carrier communication method, applied to downhole communication equipment, comprising: According to the data transmission requirements, at least one of the first communication frequency band and the second communication frequency band is selected to complete the data transmission, wherein the frequency bands of the first communication frequency band and the second communication frequency band are isolated from each other; Within the first communication frequency band, a first mixed signal is received, and a first carrier signal is isolated from the first mixed signal for parsing to obtain control commands; Within the second communication frequency band, a second carrier signal characterizing downhole physical features is superimposed on the DC power supply base component to generate a second hybrid signal for transmission.

[0007] Secondly, this disclosure provides a DC power line carrier communication method for use in terrestrial communication equipment, including: According to the data transmission requirements, at least one of the first communication frequency band and the second communication frequency band is selected to complete the data transmission, wherein the frequency bands of the first communication frequency band and the second communication frequency band are isolated from each other; Within the first communication frequency band, the control command is modulated into a first carrier signal, and the first carrier signal is superimposed on the DC power supply base component to generate a first mixed signal for transmission; Within the second communication frequency band, a second mixed signal is received, and a second carrier signal is isolated from the second mixed signal for analysis to obtain downhole physical characteristic data.

[0008] Thirdly, this disclosure provides a DC power line carrier communication device for use in terrestrial communication equipment, comprising: The frequency band selection module is used to select at least one of the first communication frequency band and the second communication frequency band to complete data transmission according to data transmission requirements, wherein the frequency bands of the first communication frequency band and the second communication frequency band are isolated from each other; The downlink transmission module is used to modulate control commands into a first carrier signal within the first communication frequency band, and to superimpose the first carrier signal onto the DC power supply base component to encode and generate a first mixed signal for transmission. The uplink receiving module is used to receive the second mixed signal in the second communication frequency band, and to isolate the second carrier signal from the second mixed signal for analysis in order to obtain downhole physical characteristic data.

[0009] Fourthly, this disclosure provides a DC power line carrier communication device for use in downhole communication equipment, comprising: The frequency band configuration module is used to select at least one of the first communication frequency band and the second communication frequency band to complete data transmission according to data transmission requirements, wherein the frequency bands of the first communication frequency band and the second communication frequency band are isolated from each other; The downlink receiving and parsing module is used to receive a first mixed signal in the first communication frequency band, and to isolate and parse the first carrier signal from the first mixed signal to obtain control commands; The uplink data transmission module is used to superimpose a second carrier signal representing downhole physical characteristics onto a DC power supply base component within the second communication frequency band to generate a second mixed signal for transmission.

[0010] Fifthly, this disclosure provides a measurement and control device, including a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores a computer program executable by the processor, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the method as described in the first or second aspect.

[0011] In a sixth aspect, this disclosure provides a computer storage medium including a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores a computer program executable by the processor, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the method as described in the first or second aspect. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Figure 1 This disclosure provides a schematic diagram of the structure of a half-duplex DC power line carrier communication system.

[0013] Figure 2 This is a detailed structural block diagram of the half-duplex DC power line carrier communication system provided in this disclosure.

[0014] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the full-duplex DC power line carrier communication system provided in this disclosure.

[0015] Figure 4 A flowchart of a DC power line carrier communication method for use in downhole communication equipment, provided in this disclosure.

[0016] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the modulation of the first carrier signal provided in this disclosure.

[0017] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the first mixed signal provided in this disclosure.

[0018] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the downlink signal processing circuit structure of the downhole communication equipment provided in this disclosure.

[0019] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the downlink signal processing circuit structure of a downhole communication device in another embodiment provided in this disclosure.

[0020] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the adaptive equalizer digital filtering model provided in this disclosure.

[0021] Figure 10 The flowchart of the adaptive equalizer LMS algorithm provided in this disclosure is shown.

[0022] Figure 11 A flowchart of a DC power line carrier communication method for use in terrestrial communication equipment, provided in this disclosure.

[0023] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the data flow of the terrestrial communication equipment provided in this disclosure.

[0024] Figure 13 This is a structural block diagram of a DC power line carrier communication device for use in terrestrial communication equipment, as provided in this disclosure.

[0025] Figure 14 This is a structural block diagram of a DC power line carrier communication device for use in downhole communication equipment, as provided in this disclosure.

[0026] Figure 15 This is a block diagram of the hardware structure of the measurement and control equipment provided in this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solutions in this disclosure will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0028] like Figure 1 As shown, the half-duplex DC power line carrier communication system consists of a surface communication device 100 and a downhole communication device 200 connected by a power supply cable 102. This cable serves as a unified transmission medium running through both the surface and downhole, carrying both DC power transmission and data communication signals.

[0029] Specifically, refer to Figure 2 The ground communication equipment 100 includes: a DC power supply 101, a power supply cable 102, a ground coupler 103, a ground filter 104, a ground uplink signal conditioning circuit 105, a ground central processing unit 106, and a ground downlink signal conditioning circuit 107.

[0030] The downhole communication equipment 200 includes: a downhole coupler 201, a downhole filter 202, a downhole downlink signal conditioning circuit 203, a downhole central processing unit 204, a sensor 205, a downhole uplink signal conditioning circuit 206, a DC-DC power module 207, a drive mechanism 208, and an actuator 209. Both the downhole coupler 201 and the DC-DC power module 207 are connected to the power supply cable 102, respectively realizing signal coupling and power conversion functions.

[0031] In this half-duplex communication mechanism, both uplink data transmission (as shown by the solid arrow: sensor 205 collects downhole physical feature data, which is then transmitted sequentially through downhole central processing unit 204, downhole uplink signal conditioning circuit 206, downhole coupler 201, power cable 102, surface coupler 103, surface filter 104, and surface uplink signal conditioning circuit 105 to the surface central processing unit 106) and downlink command transmission (as shown by the dashed arrow: the surface central processing unit 106 generates control commands, which are then transmitted sequentially through surface downlink signal conditioning circuit 107, surface coupler 103, power cable 102, downhole coupler 201, downhole filter 202, and downhole downlink signal conditioning circuit 203 to the downhole central processing unit 204) use the same Manchester encoding for signal modulation.

[0032] Because the uplink and downlink signals share the same power cable 102 as the transmission medium and use the exact same encoding format, if both ends send signals simultaneously, the two Manchester encoded signals will overlap and mix on the power cable 102, resulting in chaotic signal waveforms. The receiving end will be unable to correctly parse valid data from the mixed signal. To avoid this encoding conflict, the system must adopt a time-division alternating working mode: when the downhole equipment sends monitoring data through the downhole uplink signal conditioning circuit 206, the surface downlink signal conditioning circuit 107 must remain silent and cannot issue commands simultaneously; conversely, when the surface equipment issues control commands through the surface downlink signal conditioning circuit 107, the downhole uplink signal conditioning circuit 206 must also stop sending. This mutually exclusive alternating transmission and reception mechanism leads to communication delays, reduced communication efficiency, and cannot meet the requirements of real-time bidirectional synchronous control.

[0033] In addition, the DC-DC power module 207 draws power from the power supply cable 102 and performs voltage regulation to provide a stable DC working voltage for each functional module downhole; the drive mechanism 208 drives the actuator 209 to complete the corresponding actions according to the control instructions parsed by the downhole central processor 204.

[0034] like Figure 3 As shown, the full-duplex DC power line carrier communication system provided in this disclosure is... Figure 1 Based on a half-duplex system architecture, frequency division multiplexing technology is used to achieve bidirectional synchronous communication. The system connects the surface communication equipment 100 and the underground communication equipment 200 via power cable 102.

[0035] Specifically, the surface communication equipment 100 includes: a DC power supply 101, a power supply cable 102, a surface coupler 103, a surface filter 104, a surface uplink signal conditioning circuit 105, a surface central processing unit 106, a surface downlink signal conditioning circuit 107, and an analog-to-digital converter 108 newly installed between the surface uplink signal conditioning circuit 105 and the surface central processing unit 106.

[0036] The downhole communication equipment includes: a downhole coupler 201, a downhole filter 202, a downhole downlink signal conditioning circuit 203, a downhole central processing unit 204, a sensor 205, a downhole uplink signal conditioning circuit 206, a wide-input DC-DC power module 207, a drive mechanism 208, and an actuator 209. The downhole coupler 201 and the wide-input DC-DC power module 207 are both connected to the power supply cable 102, respectively realizing signal coupling and power conversion. A newly added analog-to-digital converter 210, located between the downhole downlink signal conditioning circuit 203 and the downhole central processing unit 204, converts the downlink analog signal into a digital signal for the downhole central processing unit 204 to analyze.

[0037] This disclosure employs frequency division multiplexing (FDM) technology to divide the power supply cable 102 into two mutually isolated independent channels: a first communication frequency band (low frequency band, allocated to downlink) and a second communication frequency band (high frequency band, allocated to uplink). These channels are used for downlink command transmission and uplink data return, respectively, to achieve full-duplex communication. FDM is a multiplexing technology that divides the spectrum into multiple sub-bands, each of which transmits independent signals.

[0038] Within the first communication frequency band, the control commands generated by the ground central processing unit 106 are modulated into a first carrier signal (a sinusoidal low-frequency signal) by the ground downlink signal conditioning circuit 107. This signal is then superimposed onto the DC power supply base component of the power supply cable 102 via the ground coupler 103 and transmitted downhole via the power supply cable 102. After receiving the mixed signal, the downhole coupler 201 extracts the first communication frequency band signal using the downhole filter 202. This signal is then converted by the downhole downlink signal conditioning circuit 203 and the analog-to-digital converter 210, and finally parsed by the downhole central processing unit 204 to obtain control commands. These commands then control the drive mechanism 208 to drive the actuator 209 to complete the corresponding actions. During this process, the wide-input DC-DC power module 207 draws power from the power supply cable 102, absorbing the voltage fluctuations caused by the first carrier signal as permissible disturbances and outputting a stable DC voltage.

[0039] Within the second communication frequency band, the downhole physical feature data collected by sensor 205 is encoded by downhole central processing unit 204 and modulated into a second carrier signal (a high-frequency signal using Manchester encoding) by downhole uplink signal conditioning circuit 206. This signal is then superimposed onto power cable 102 via downhole coupler 201. This high-frequency signal is transmitted to the surface via power cable 102, received by surface coupler 103, and then the second communication frequency band signal is extracted by surface filter 104. It is then processed by surface uplink signal conditioning circuit 105 and analog-to-digital converter 108 before finally being transmitted to surface central processing unit 106 to obtain the downhole physical feature data.

[0040] Because the first and second communication frequency bands are isolated from each other (a guard band is set between the frequency bands, achieved through a bandpass filter), the uplink and downlink signals will not interfere with each other and can be transmitted simultaneously through the power supply cable 102. This completely eliminates the possibility of interference. Figure 1 In half-duplex mode, signal aliasing and collisions caused by sharing the same Manchester code, as well as waiting delays caused by time-division alternation, allow the ground to issue control commands at any time, and the mine to upload monitoring data at any time, thus achieving true real-time two-way communication.

[0041] This disclosure proposes a DC power line carrier communication method, referring to... Figure 4 This method is applied to downhole communication equipment 200. The method may include steps S410 to S430.

[0042] In step S410, at least one of the first and second communication frequency bands is selected to complete the data transmission according to the data transmission requirements.

[0043] The first communication frequency band and the second communication frequency band are isolated from each other.

[0044] In some exemplary embodiments of this disclosure, the downhole communication device 200 refers to an electronic device deployed downhole in an oil and gas well for data interaction with a surface control system. This device includes components such as a signal processing unit, a communication interface, a power management module, and sensor interfaces. The downhole communication device 200 is connected to the surface communication device 100 via a single-core cable, which simultaneously performs DC power transmission and data communication functions.

[0045] Data transmission requirements refer to the type and direction of data exchange that the system currently needs to perform. These requirements include downlink requirements (receiving control commands from the surface) and uplink requirements (sending downhole-collected data to the surface). Data transmission requirements are determined by the system state; for example, an uplink transmission requirement arises when a downhole sensor completes a sampling cycle, while a downlink transmission requirement arises when the surface control system needs to adjust the operating status of downhole equipment.

[0046] The first communication frequency band refers to the spectrum range allocated for downlink communication (from the surface to the mine). In this disclosure, the first communication frequency band is located in the low-frequency range, and the specific frequency range is determined according to the actual application environment, for example, it can be set to a range of hundreds of hertz to thousands of hertz. The advantages of choosing a low-frequency band are: the cable attenuates low-frequency signals less, making it suitable for long-distance transmission; low-frequency signals have strong penetration ability and good anti-interference performance; and the hardware implementation cost and power consumption of the low-frequency band are lower.

[0047] The second communication frequency band refers to the spectrum range allocated for uplink communication (from underground to the surface). In this disclosure, the second communication frequency band is located in the high-frequency range, and the specific frequency range is determined according to the actual application environment, for example, it can be set to a range of tens of kilohertz to hundreds of kilohertz. The advantages of choosing a high-frequency band are: the uplink data volume is relatively small, and using a higher carrier frequency can improve the data transmission rate; sufficient frequency spacing is formed between the high-frequency band and the low-frequency band to avoid mutual interference.

[0048] Frequency band isolation means that there is no spectral overlap between the first and second communication frequency bands, and a guard band is set between the two bands. The width of the guard band is determined by the roll-off characteristics of the filter to ensure that the signal from one frequency band does not leak into the other. Frequency band isolation is achieved through bandpass filters, which limit the signal bandwidth at the transmitting end and filter out out-of-band interference at the receiving end. Frequency band isolation is the foundation of full-duplex communication, allowing uplink and downlink signals to be transmitted simultaneously through the same transmission medium without interfering with each other.

[0049] The downhole communication equipment 200 determines whether it is necessary to send uplink data, receive downlink commands, or both, based on the current data transmission requirements.

[0050] In step S420, within the first communication frequency band, a first mixed signal is received, and a first carrier signal is isolated from the first mixed signal for parsing to obtain control commands.

[0051] like Figure 5 As shown, the first carrier signal is an AC signal carrying downlink control command information, using Multiple Frequency Shift Keying (MFSK) modulation. Different combinations of frequencies represent different control commands. The frequency of this signal is within the first communication frequency band, and its amplitude is determined based on the transmission distance and channel attenuation characteristics to ensure reliable reception by downhole equipment. MFSK is a digital modulation method that represents multi-level digital information by sending sine waves of different frequencies within different symbol periods. It employs a multi-bit frequency encoding scheme, using multiple different fundamental frequencies, each representing one bit of binary information. For example, four fundamental frequencies can represent two bits of binary information, and eight fundamental frequencies can represent three bits. In the encoding scheme, some frequencies are used to represent the well layer number, and the remaining frequencies are used to represent the command type. After being amplified and preprocessed by the signal conditioning circuit, this signal is used as a modulation signal in the form of voltage ripple, loaded onto the transformer output voltage via a power carrier. This MFSK modulation method is designed for the limited control commands transmitted from the surface to the downhole. It directly adopts frequency division multiplexing, which can represent various commands by simply combining different frequencies. This greatly simplifies the signal processing flow and reduces the difficulty of hardware implementation and system power consumption.

[0052] like Figure 6 As shown, the first mixed signal is a sinusoidal signal coupled to a high-voltage DC signal, which is equivalent to superimposing a low-amplitude sinusoidal signal with a high bias, forming a DC bias sinusoidal signal. Voltage ripple refers to the AC fluctuation component superimposed on the DC voltage, usually expressed as peak-to-peak value or RMS value. Excessive ripple can affect the normal operation of electronic equipment, so it needs to be controlled within a certain range.

[0053] Isolation refers to the process of separating the carrier signal from a mixed signal. This process is achieved through a decoupling circuit, which employs a high-pass filter structure. Utilizing the DC-blocking and AC-passing characteristics of capacitors, it prevents the DC component from passing while allowing the AC carrier signal to pass. A high-pass filter is a filter that allows high-frequency signals to pass while attenuating low-frequency signals; its cutoff frequency is determined based on the carrier frequency and the DC component. The isolated first carrier signal retains its original frequency information but has had its DC bias removed, facilitating subsequent signal processing.

[0054] Analysis refers to the process of extracting control command information from the first carrier signal, including steps such as signal sampling, time-frequency analysis, frequency identification, and command mapping. Signal sampling refers to the process of sampling analog signals using an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). An ADC is a device that converts analog signals into digital signals; the sampling frequency is determined by the signal bandwidth, and the resolution is selected based on dynamic range requirements. Time-frequency analysis refers to the process of analyzing the changes in signal frequency components over time using the Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT). The Short-Time Fourier Transform is a time-frequency analysis method used to analyze the changes in the frequency components of non-stationary signals over time; its mathematical definition is as follows:

[0055] in, The original input signal, This is a window function (such as the Hanning window, Hamming window, Gaussian window, etc.). This function typically has the largest amplitude near the center point and decays rapidly towards both sides to ensure that only the signal characteristics around a certain moment are highlighted. The center time (sliding parameter) of the window function. By changing... The window moves along the timeline. ω is the angular frequency. The output result represents the time... Nearby, frequency of the signal The amplitude and phase of the component.

[0056] The Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) divides a long signal into multiple short segments by multiplying it with a sliding window function. Assuming the signal within each segment is stationary, a Fourier transform is then applied to each segment separately, thus solving the problem that the traditional Fourier Transform cannot simultaneously consider both time and frequency. The time-frequency spectrum is the output of the STFT, a two-dimensional matrix where the horizontal axis represents time and the vertical axis represents frequency. The matrix elements represent the signal energy intensity at the corresponding time and frequency. Frequency identification refers to the process of extracting frequency components from the time-frequency spectrum. Command mapping refers to the process of determining the corresponding control command based on a preset frequency-command mapping relationship.

[0057] Control commands refer to the operating commands sent by the surface control system to the downhole equipment, including but not limited to start measurement commands, stop measurement commands, start motor commands, stop motor commands, parameter configuration commands, etc. Each control command corresponds to a specific frequency or frequency combination.

[0058] When downlink reception is required, the device receives a first mixed signal from the ground within the first communication frequency band. This signal is isolated by a decoupling circuit to separate the first carrier signal. Subsequently, the device analyzes the first carrier signal, extracts frequency information through short-time Fourier transform, obtains control commands transmitted from the ground according to the frequency-command mapping relationship, and executes corresponding operations (such as starting measurement, controlling motors, etc.) according to the commands.

[0059] In step S430, within the second communication frequency band, the second carrier signal characterizing the downhole physical features is superimposed on the DC power supply base component to generate a second mixed signal for transmission.

[0060] Within the second communication frequency band, the downhole communication equipment 200 superimposes the second carrier signal, representing downhole physical characteristic data, onto the DC power supply base component to generate a second hybrid signal for transmission. The second carrier signal is an AC signal carrying the uplink downhole physical characteristic data, employing Manchester encoding modulation to convert digital data into a baseband signal with self-synchronization characteristics. The frequency of this signal lies within the second communication frequency band. Manchester encoding is a self-synchronizing digital encoding method where a level transition occurs at the midpoint of each data bit. The direction of the transition indicates the bit value: a transition from high to low represents "1", and a transition from low to high represents "0". The advantages of this encoding method include built-in clock information, eliminating the need for an additional clock transmission line, zero DC component, suitability for AC coupled transmission, and good anti-interference capability.

[0061] Downhole physical characteristic data refers to physical quantity data reflecting the operating conditions of oil and gas wells collected by downhole sensors, including but not limited to pressure data (pressure values ​​of each oil layer), flow rate data (fluid flow rate), temperature data (downhole ambient temperature), water cut data (water content of produced fluid), etc. These data are converted into digital signals after analog-to-digital conversion and transmitted to the surface through a second carrier signal.

[0062] Encoding generation refers to the process of converting raw data into a signal form suitable for transmission in a channel. For a second carrier signal, encoding generation includes two steps: source coding and channel coding. Source coding converts the physical quantity data collected by the sensor into a digital bit stream. Channel coding uses Manchester coding to convert the bit stream into a baseband signal with self-synchronization capability and good anti-interference characteristics. The encoded signal controls the switching of the carrier generator to produce the modulated second carrier signal.

[0063] A coupling transformer is a device that uses the principle of electromagnetic induction to achieve signal transmission and electrical isolation. The primary and secondary windings are coupled through a magnetic field, enabling DC isolation and impedance transformation. The second mixed signal is superimposed onto the DC power supply line via the coupling transformer and transmitted to the ground through a high-frequency channel.

[0064] The first aspect of the technical solution mentioned above achieves full-duplex communication through frequency division multiplexing, allowing downhole equipment to simultaneously receive control commands and send monitoring data, thus solving the latency problem of half-duplex communication.

[0065] When there is an uplink transmission requirement, the device acquires downhole physical feature data collected by sensors, encodes the data to generate a second carrier signal. This signal is superimposed on the DC power supply base component through a coupling circuit to form a second mixed signal, which is then transmitted to the ground communication equipment 100 within the second communication frequency band.

[0066] Because the first and second communication frequency bands are isolated from each other, uplink and downlink transmissions can occur simultaneously, achieving full-duplex communication. The device can choose to perform uplink transmission alone, downlink transmission alone, or bidirectional transmission simultaneously, depending on actual needs.

[0067] In some examples, the downhole communication device 200 also includes a wide-input DC-DC power supply module for voltage regulation and conversion of the first mixed signal.

[0068] A wide-input DC-DC power module refers to a DC-DC converter with a wide input voltage range. It uses a low-power, high-voltage flyback controller as its core structure. The output voltage is sampled via an isolated flyback waveform on the third winding of the transformer to obtain a feedback voltage proportional to the output voltage. A drive signal with the same switching frequency as the high-frequency switching MOSFET is generated. When the main switching MOSFET is turned off, energy is transferred from the primary side to the secondary side, and the voltage of the third winding is proportional to the output voltage. Secondary diodes and capacitors are used for rectification to obtain the DC signal. The sample-and-hold error amplifier inside the controller compares the sampled voltage with an internal reference voltage, dynamically adjusting the switching frequency of the voltage regulator to maintain a stable DC operating voltage.

[0069] A metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) is a voltage-controlled semiconductor device characterized by high input impedance, fast switching speed, and low on-resistance, and is widely used in switching power supplies. A flyback converter is an isolated switching power supply topology that uses a transformer for energy storage and transfer. It offers advantages such as simple structure and low cost. During the switching transistor's on-state, energy is stored in the transformer's primary inductance, and during the switching transistor's off-state, energy is transferred to the secondary side output.

[0070] By employing a power conversion module with a wide input range, the system allows for greater input voltage variation and provides a more ample voltage margin. Input fluctuations are less likely to reach the minimum operating voltage or control limits, reducing the required adjustment range of the control loop, improving system stability, and significantly lowering the risk of instability or reset due to input fluctuations. This module utilizes sintered sealing technology to achieve flexible connections, eliminating failures caused by high-temperature deformation and ensuring long-term reliability of downhole high-temperature DC-DC converters. Sintered seals are hermetically sealed structures formed by sintering glass or ceramics with metal at high temperatures, maintaining excellent sealing performance under high-temperature and high-pressure environments.

[0071] The process of isolating and analyzing the first carrier signal from the first mixed signal includes: filtering the first carrier signal using pre-processed weighting information to obtain the target carrier signal; dividing the target carrier signal into multiple signal segments using a sliding window function, performing a short-time Fourier transform independently on each signal segment to generate a time spectrum characterizing the evolution of the signal frequency components over time; extracting the energy extreme value distribution characteristics in the time spectrum, identifying the transient frequency jump patterns corresponding to the characteristics, and parsing the control commands based on the preset mapping relationship between the frequency jump patterns and the control commands.

[0072] In some examples, an adaptive equalizer based on the Least Mean Squares (LMS) algorithm is used to filter the first carrier signal.

[0073] like Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, to address the signal amplitude attenuation and frequency distortion caused by changes in downhole depth, some adaptable solutions add a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) adaptive filter 211 between the downhole signal conditioning circuit 203 and the downhole A / D converter 210, forming a signal processing link of "203→211→210→204". The analog signal output from the downhole signal conditioning circuit 203 first enters the FPGA adaptive filter 211, undergoes adaptive equalization processing based on the LMS algorithm, and is then converted into a digital signal by the downhole A / D converter 210. Finally, it is transmitted to the downhole CPU 204, where the downhole CPU 204 performs STFT (Short Time Fourier Transform) for time-frequency analysis to parse control commands.

[0074] The FPGA adaptive filter 211 dynamically adjusts the filter coefficients based on the Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm to compensate for waveform distortion and inter-symbol interference (ISI) caused by channel attenuation, ultimately restoring the output frequency characteristics to a clean signal in its original state. ISI refers to the phenomenon where waveforms of consecutive symbols overlap due to limited channel bandwidth or multipath effects, affecting correct decision-making. A Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is a semi-custom integrated circuit that allows users to program and configure its internal logic functions using a hardware description language. It features strong parallel processing capabilities, reconfigurability, and a short development cycle. In this disclosure, it is used to implement an adaptive filtering algorithm, utilizing its abundant multiplier and adder resources to achieve high-speed real-time signal processing.

[0075] Due to variations in downhole depth, signals attenuate during transmission, leading to a decrease in peak-to-peak value and changes in frequency characteristics. Peak-to-peak value refers to the difference between the positive and negative maximum values ​​of a signal waveform, and is an important indicator of signal amplitude. This adaptive system acquires the raw downlink signal in real time and dynamically analyzes its statistical characteristics. Based on these statistical features, it automatically identifies the degree of signal amplitude attenuation and frequency distortion caused by different transmission distances, calculates and updates filter coefficients in real time, dynamically suppresses noise, and equalizes channel fading, ultimately achieving clear reconstruction and reliable communication of measurement signals at various depths.

[0076] like Figure 9As shown, the adaptive equalizer employs an adaptive filtering algorithm corresponding to the digital transverse filter model to receive and process the input signal in real time. The digital transverse filter is a finite impulse response filter, consisting of delay lines, a multiplier array, an adder tree, and coefficient update units. It generates the output by weighted summation of multiple delayed versions of the input signal.

[0077] The filter weight coefficient vector generates an output based on the input. An error signal is obtained by comparing the expected response with the actual output, and the weight coefficients are iteratively updated according to the LMS algorithm. This allows the filter's frequency response to adaptively approximate the inverse function of the channel distortion characteristics, achieving dynamic compensation for the received signal. The expected response refers to the ideal signal that the adaptive filter expects to output, which can be obtained in this disclosure through training sequences or decision feedback. The error signal is the difference between the expected response and the actual output, used to guide the direction of filter coefficient updates. Convergence refers to the process where, after sufficient iterations, the filter coefficients tend to stabilize, and the error signal reaches a steady-state value.

[0078] The goal of the LMS algorithm is to minimize the mean square value of the error signal. The choice of the step size factor has a significant impact on the algorithm's performance. The theoretical upper limit of the step size factor is determined by the input signal power and must satisfy the convergence condition. The step size factor is a parameter in the LMS algorithm that controls the magnitude of coefficient updates. A value that is too large can cause the algorithm to diverge, while a value that is too small can lead to slow convergence. In practical applications, an appropriate initial value is usually chosen, and then fine-tuned based on the convergence results. A step size factor that is too large results in fast convergence but a large steady-state error, and may even lead to divergence; a step size factor that is too small results in slow convergence but a small steady-state error.

[0079] The core logic of the LMS algorithm is: filter weight coefficient vector According to the input Generate output By comparing the expected response Error signal obtained from actual output The weight coefficients are iteratively updated according to the LMS algorithm, so that the frequency response of the filter adaptively approximates the inverse function of the channel distortion characteristics, thereby realizing dynamic compensation for the received signal.

[0080] like Figure 10 As shown, step S1001 is executed first to perform initialization, setting the filter order and step size factor. Then, step S1002 is executed to receive the input signal and the desired signal, followed by step S1003 to perform convolution operations based on the input signal. Using the current weight coefficients Calculate the filter output Next, step S1004 is executed to calculate the error signal. Then update the weight coefficients according to the LMS algorithm. Then, step S1005 is executed to determine whether the error has converged (i.e., ...). If the signal converges (less than a preset threshold), then proceed to step S1006 to output the compensated signal. Specifically, output the compensated signal. The process ends if necessary; otherwise, it returns to the input signal receiving step to continue iterating. Specifically, it executes step S1007, LMS coefficient update, and step S1008, data shift update delay line, and then returns to step S1002 until the convergence condition is met.

[0081] In the FPGA implementation, a parallel architecture is adopted, leveraging the abundant multiplier and adder resources of the FPGA to achieve high-speed real-time processing. The specific implementation includes: a delay line module, utilizing the FPGA's register resources to implement multi-order delay lines; a multiplier array, utilizing the FPGA's DSP Slice to implement multiple parallel multipliers; an adder tree, employing a multi-level adder tree structure to sum the product results; an error calculation module, calculating the difference between the expected response and the actual output; and a coefficient update module, updating multiple filter coefficients in parallel according to the LMS algorithm update formula. The DSP Slice is a dedicated digital signal processing unit integrated into the FPGA, containing multipliers, adders, and accumulators, enabling efficient implementation of multiply-accumulate operations.

[0082] The order of the adaptive filter is determined based on the channel characteristics, within a suitable order range. For shallower wells, channel attenuation is relatively small, the initial weight coefficients of the adaptive filter are close to ideal values, and the algorithm converges quickly. For deeper wells, channel attenuation is more severe, requiring a more aggressive compensation strategy. This involves increasing the filter order to provide stronger equalization capabilities, appropriately increasing the step size factor to accelerate convergence, and employing a variable step size strategy to automatically reduce the step size after convergence to lower steady-state error. Increasing the number of iterations and introducing a leakage factor prevents the weight coefficients from growing indefinitely, thus improving algorithm stability. The leakage factor is a regularization technique that introduces an attenuation term during coefficient updates to prevent the coefficients from growing indefinitely and causing algorithm instability.

[0083] In some examples, the second carrier signal is modulated using baseband coding rules without DC components. Baseband coding refers to directly encoding the digital signal into a form suitable for channel transmission without carrier modulation. Self-synchronization means that the receiver can extract clock information from the data signal itself, without needing to transmit a separate clock signal.

[0084] Furthermore, this disclosure also provides a DC power line carrier communication method applied to a ground communication device 100. The ground communication device 100 refers to an electronic device deployed in the wellhead control room, as described above. Figure 11 The scheme may include steps S1110 to S1130.

[0085] In step S1110, at least one of the first and second communication frequency bands is selected to complete the data transmission according to the data transmission requirements.

[0086] The first communication frequency band and the second communication frequency band are isolated from each other.

[0087] In step S1120, within the first communication frequency band, the control command is modulated into a first carrier signal, and the first carrier signal is superimposed on the DC power supply base component to generate a first mixed signal for transmission.

[0088] In step S1130, within the second communication frequency band, a second mixed signal is received, and a second carrier signal is isolated from the second mixed signal for analysis to obtain downhole physical characteristic data.

[0089] This method also involves selecting at least one of the first and second communication frequency bands to complete data transmission based on data transmission requirements. The definitions of data transmission requirements, the first communication frequency band, the second communication frequency band, and the isolation between the frequency bands are the same as those described above and will not be repeated here.

[0090] Reference Figure 12 Within the first communication frequency band, the ground communication equipment 100 modulates the control command into a first carrier signal, and superimposes the first carrier signal onto the DC power supply base component to generate a first mixed signal for transmission.

[0091] Downlink data stream: The ground CPU 106 generates coded signals according to control commands. After ground A / D conversion, the digital signals are converted into analog signals and transmitted to the ground downlink signal conditioning circuit 107. Modulation refers to the process of converting baseband control command signals into frequency band signals suitable for transmission in the channel. Multi-level frequency shift keying (MFSK) is used to map different control commands to different frequency combinations. A sinusoidal wave sequence of corresponding frequencies is generated according to the command content. Each frequency is maintained for a preset duration before switching to the next frequency, forming a continuously changing sinusoidal low-frequency signal as the first carrier signal. After gain adjustment and impedance matching by the ground downlink signal conditioning circuit 107, this sinusoidal low-frequency signal is transmitted to the ground coupler 103. It is superimposed on the DC power supply base component coupled from the DC power supply 101 to the power supply cable 102 via the ground coupler 103, and encoded to generate the first mixed signal, which is then transmitted to the well via the power supply cable 102.

[0092] Uplink data stream: Within the second communication frequency band, the ground communication equipment 100 receives the second mixed signal from the power supply cable 102. After coupling via the ground coupler 103, it is transmitted to the ground filter 104 for filtering. After filtering out out-of-band noise and interference, it is transmitted to the ground uplink signal conditioning circuit 105 for gain adjustment, and then transmitted to the ground CPU 106 for parsing to obtain downhole physical characteristic data. Demodulation is the process of recovering the original baseband signal from the modulated signal; it is the reverse process of modulation. For Manchester encoding, demodulation recovers data bits by detecting level transitions.

[0093] Signal conditioning description: The ground uplink signal conditioning circuit 105 and the ground downlink signal conditioning circuit 107 are used for gain adjustment and impedance matching of the signal, including a preamplifier, a variable gain amplifier, and an output driver. The preamplifier is used to amplify weak input signals to improve the signal-to-noise ratio, the variable gain amplifier is used to dynamically adjust the gain according to the signal strength to maintain a stable output signal amplitude, and the output driver is used to provide sufficient drive capability to drive subsequent circuits.

[0094] Frequency division multiplexing enables full-duplex communication between the surface and the well, allowing the surface to send control commands and receive data from the well in real time.

[0095] In some examples, modulating the control command into a first carrier signal includes mapping the control command to a corresponding frequency combination, the frequency combination including a first frequency for representing the well layer number and a second frequency for representing the command type. A continuous series of low-frequency sinusoidal signals with varying frequencies are generated based on the frequency combination, with each frequency held for a preset time before switching to the next frequency. This signal is amplified and pre-processed by a signal conditioning circuit, and then, as a modulation signal in the form of voltage ripple, is loaded onto the transformer output voltage via a power carrier and coupled to a DC power line for data transmission.

[0096] The process of isolating and analyzing the second carrier signal from the second mixed signal includes: using a bandpass filter to separate the second carrier signal from the DC power supply line; amplifying and filtering the separated second carrier signal; detecting Manchester-coded level transitions to recover the original data bits; and decoding the recovered data to obtain downhole physical characteristic data. A bandpass filter is a filter that allows signals within a specific frequency band to pass through while attenuating signals outside the frequency band.

[0097] Furthermore, this disclosure also provides a DC power line carrier communication device, applied to terrestrial communication equipment 100, for implementing the functions of the method described in the second aspect above. (Refer to...) Figure 13 The DC power line carrier communication device 1300 may include a frequency band selection module 1310, a downlink transmission module 1320, and an uplink receiving module 1330.

[0098] The frequency band selection module 1310 is used to select at least one of the first and second communication frequency bands to complete data transmission according to data transmission requirements, wherein the first and second communication frequency bands are isolated from each other; the downlink transmission module 1320 is used to modulate the control command into a first carrier signal in the first communication frequency band, and superimpose the first carrier signal onto the DC power supply base component to encode and generate a first mixed signal for transmission; the uplink receiving module 1330 is used to receive the second mixed signal in the second communication frequency band, and isolate the second carrier signal from the second mixed signal for parsing to obtain downhole physical characteristic data.

[0099] The frequency band selection module 1310 is a logical functional unit in the device responsible for determining the working mode of the communication frequency band. According to the data transmission requirements of the upper layer application, this module controls the device to work in the first communication frequency band, the second communication frequency band, or both frequency bands simultaneously. The frequency band selection function is achieved by configuring the bandpass filter parameters of the transceiver channel and controlling the switching state of the power coupling circuit.

[0100] The downlink transmission module 1320 is the functional unit in the device responsible for sending control commands to the downhole, including a command encoding unit, an MFSK modulation unit, a signal conditioning unit, and a power coupling unit. The command encoding unit converts control commands into frequency control words; the MFSK modulation unit generates a sine wave sequence of the corresponding frequency based on the frequency control words; the signal conditioning unit amplifies and filters the modulated signal; and the power coupling unit superimposes the processed signal onto the DC power supply line.

[0101] The uplink receiving module 1330 is the functional unit in the device responsible for receiving data uploaded from downhole. It includes a decoupling unit, a filtering unit, a signal conditioning unit, an analog-to-digital converter, and a demodulation / decoding unit. The decoupling unit separates the high-frequency carrier signal from the DC power supply line; the filtering unit filters out out-of-band noise and interference; the signal conditioning unit adjusts the gain; the analog-to-digital converter converts the analog signal into a digital signal; and the demodulation / decoding unit decodes the Manchester encoded signal to recover the original data.

[0102] The device also includes a human-machine interface module (HMI) for receiving control commands from operators and displaying physical characteristic data uploaded from the mine. The HMI module includes a display screen, input devices, etc., providing an interface for users to interact with the system.

[0103] The downlink transmission module 1320 may also include a power amplifier unit to amplify the modulated first carrier signal to an appropriate power level to ensure that the signal can still be reliably received by downhole equipment after transmission over the cable. The power amplifier is a linear power amplifier that amplifies the input carrier signal to a sufficient power level. A linear power amplifier is an amplifier whose output signal is linearly related to the input signal; it has low distortion but relatively low efficiency.

[0104] This disclosure also provides a DC power line carrier communication device, applied to downhole communication equipment 200, for implementing the aforementioned DC power line carrier communication method. (Refer to...) Figure 14 The DC power line carrier communication device 1400 may include a frequency band configuration module 1401, a downlink receiving and parsing module 1402, and an uplink data transmission module 1403.

[0105] The frequency band configuration module 1401 is used to select at least one of the first communication frequency band and the second communication frequency band to complete data transmission according to data transmission requirements, wherein the frequency bands of the first communication frequency band and the second communication frequency band are isolated from each other; The downlink receiving and parsing module 1402 is used to receive a first mixed signal in the first communication frequency band, and isolate the first carrier signal from the first mixed signal for parsing in order to obtain control commands; The uplink data transmission module 1403 is used to superimpose the second carrier signal, which represents the physical characteristics of the well, onto the DC power supply base component to generate a second mixed signal for transmission within the second communication frequency band.

[0106] The frequency band configuration module 1401 is a logical functional unit in the device responsible for configuring the communication frequency band operating mode. This module works in conjunction with the frequency band selection module of the ground communication equipment 100 to ensure that the frequency band configuration of uplink and downlink communication is consistent, and to enable the corresponding receiving channel and / or transmitting channel according to the current data transmission requirements.

[0107] The downlink receiving and parsing module 1402 is a functional unit in the device responsible for receiving and parsing ground control commands. It includes a decoupling unit, a preamplifier unit, an anti-aliasing filter unit, an analog-to-digital converter unit, an adaptive equalization unit, a time-frequency analysis unit, and a command mapping unit. The anti-aliasing filter is a low-pass filter used to limit the signal bandwidth before analog-to-digital conversion, preventing signal components with frequencies higher than the Nyquist frequency from aliasing into the baseband after sampling, causing distortion. The Nyquist frequency is half the sampling frequency. According to the sampling theorem, components in the signal with frequencies higher than the Nyquist frequency will alias after sampling, leading to spectral distortion.

[0108] The adaptive equalization unit employs an adaptive filter based on the least mean square (LMS) algorithm to compensate for signal distortion caused by channel attenuation. The time-frequency analysis unit uses a short-time Fourier transform algorithm to extract the frequency information of the signal. The command mapping unit determines the corresponding control commands based on the frequency-command mapping relationship.

[0109] The uplink data transmission module 1403 is the functional unit in the device responsible for transmitting downhole data to the surface. It includes a data acquisition unit, a source coding unit, a Manchester coding unit, a high-frequency carrier generation unit, a power amplification unit, and a coupling transformer unit. The data acquisition unit acquires sensor data through an analog-to-digital converter; the coding unit encodes the data; the high-frequency carrier generation unit generates a high-frequency carrier; the power amplification unit amplifies the signal to an appropriate power level; and the coupling transformer unit couples the signal to the DC power supply line.

[0110] The device also includes a wide-input DC-DC power supply module, which is used to perform voltage regulation and conversion processing on the first mixed signal, absorb the periodic fluctuations of the DC power supply voltage caused by the first carrier signal as an allowable disturbance, and output a stable DC working voltage for use by the downhole modules.

[0111] The specific workflow of full-duplex communication is as follows: Ground communication equipment 100 selects at least one of the first and second communication frequency bands to complete data transmission according to data transmission requirements. When control commands need to be issued, ground communication equipment 100 modulates the control command into a first carrier signal within the first communication frequency band, and superimposes the first carrier signal onto the DC power supply base component to generate a first mixed signal for transmission. Downhole communication equipment 200 receives the first mixed signal within the first communication frequency band, isolates the first carrier signal from the first mixed signal, and parses it to obtain the control commands.

[0112] Simultaneously, the downhole communication equipment 200, based on data transmission requirements, superimposes a second carrier signal representing downhole physical characteristics onto the DC power supply base component within the second communication frequency band to generate a second hybrid signal for transmission. The surface communication equipment 100 receives the second hybrid signal within the second communication frequency band and isolates the second carrier signal from it for analysis to obtain the downhole physical characteristics data. Because the two frequency bands are isolated, the uplink and downlink signals do not interfere with each other and can be transmitted simultaneously, eliminating the waiting delay of traditional half-duplex mode. The surface can issue control commands at any time, and the downhole can upload monitoring data at any time, achieving true real-time two-way communication.

[0113] In the downlink direction, the ground communication equipment 100 maps control commands to corresponding frequency combinations, generates continuous low-frequency sinusoidal signals with varying frequencies based on these combinations, and switches to the next frequency after each frequency is held for a preset time. This signal, after being amplified and preprocessed by a signal conditioning circuit, is used as a modulation signal in the form of voltage ripple, loaded onto the transformer output voltage via a power carrier, and coupled to the DC power line for data transmission. The preprocessed signal, as a modulation signal, is loaded onto the transformer output voltage in the form of voltage ripple via a power carrier and coupled to the DC power line for data transmission. The sinusoidal signal coupled to the high-voltage DC signal is equivalent to adding a high-bias, low-amplitude sinusoidal signal, forming a DC-biased sinusoidal signal, which superimposes low-frequency, small-amplitude sinusoidal and other non-quasi-DC signals onto the DC power supply line.

[0114] In the uplink direction, the downhole communication device 200 encodes and packages the data collected by the sensors, adding frame headers, checksums, and frame trailers to form complete data frames. After Manchester encoding, the data frames control the switching of a high-frequency carrier generator, producing a modulated signal. This modulated signal is amplified to a sufficient power level by a power amplifier, then superimposed onto the DC power supply line via a coupling transformer and transmitted to the surface through a high-frequency channel. Upon receiving the high-frequency signal, the surface communication device 100 separates the high-frequency carrier signal using a bandpass filter, and after demodulation and decoding, recovers the original downhole physical characteristic data.

[0115] The technical solution provided in this disclosure, by employing frequency division multiplexing (FDM) technology, divides a single-core cable into mutually isolated first and second communication frequency bands, which are used for downlink command transmission and uplink data return transmission, respectively, thereby achieving full-duplex communication and solving the technical problem that existing half-duplex communication cannot transmit and receive synchronously. This solution has the following beneficial effects: Eliminating the waiting delay of the traditional half-duplex mode, the ground can issue control commands at any time, and the downhole can upload monitoring data at any time, realizing true real-time two-way communication, which significantly improves the control accuracy and operating efficiency of the stratified injection and production system.

[0116] By adopting a wide-input DC-DC power supply module, the periodic fluctuations in DC power supply voltage caused by the carrier signal are absorbed as an allowable disturbance, and a stable DC operating voltage is output, preventing the carrier signal from affecting the downhole power supply and improving the stability and reliability of the system.

[0117] An adaptive equalizer based on the LMS algorithm, implemented internally by an FPGA, dynamically adjusts the filter coefficients to compensate for waveform distortion and inter-symbol interference caused by channel attenuation. This allows the system to automatically match appropriate compensation parameters for sensors at different depths without prior knowledge of the precise depth or channel model in the well, achieving clear restoration and reliable communication of measurement signals at each depth.

[0118] Please refer to Figure 15 This illustration shows a structural block diagram of a measurement and control device provided in an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. In some examples, the measurement and control device 150 can be at least one of devices such as a smartphone, smartwatch, desktop computer, laptop, virtual reality terminal, augmented reality terminal, wireless terminal, and laptop computer. The measurement and control device 150 has communication functions and can access wired or wireless networks. The measurement and control device 150 can refer to one of a plurality of terminals, and those skilled in the art will understand that the number of such terminals can be more or less.

[0119] like Figure 15 As shown, the measurement and control device in this disclosure may include one or more of the following components: processor 1510 and memory 1520.

[0120] Optionally, the processor 1510 connects to various parts within the entire measurement and control equipment using various interfaces and lines. It executes various functions and processes data by running or executing instructions, programs, code sets, or instruction sets stored in the memory 1520, and by calling data stored in the memory 1520. Optionally, the processor 1510 can be implemented using at least one hardware form of Digital Signal Processing (DSP), Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), or Programmable Logic Array (PLA). The processor 1510 can integrate one or more of the following: Central Processing Unit (CPU), Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), Neural-network Processing Unit (NPU), and baseband chip. Specifically, the CPU primarily handles the operating system, user interface, and applications; the GPU is responsible for rendering and drawing the content displayed on the touch screen; the NPU implements Artificial Intelligence (AI) functions; and the baseband chip handles wireless communication. It is understandable that the aforementioned baseband chip may not be integrated into the processor 1510, but may be implemented as a separate chip.

[0121] The memory 1520 may include random access memory (RAM) or read-only memory (ROM). Optionally, the memory 1520 may include a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. The memory 1520 may be used to store instructions, programs, code, code sets, or instruction sets. The memory 1520 may include a program storage area and a data storage area, wherein the program storage area may store instructions for implementing an operating system, instructions for at least one function (such as touch function, sound playback function, image playback function, etc.), instructions for implementing the above-described method embodiments, etc.; the data storage area may store data created according to the use of the measurement and control equipment, etc.

[0122] In addition, those skilled in the art will understand that the structure of the measurement and control equipment shown in the above figures does not constitute a limitation on the measurement and control equipment. The measurement and control equipment may include more or fewer components than shown, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements. For example, the measurement and control equipment may also include a display screen, camera assembly, microphone, speaker, radio frequency circuit, input unit, sensors (such as accelerometer, angular velocity sensor, light sensor, etc.), audio circuit, WiFi module, power supply, Bluetooth module, etc., which will not be described in detail here.

[0123] This disclosure also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing at least one instruction, which is executed by a processor to implement the DC power line carrier communication method of the various embodiments described above.

[0124] This disclosure also provides a computer program product including computer instructions stored in a computer-readable storage medium; a processor of a measurement and control device reads the computer instructions from the computer-readable storage medium and executes the computer instructions, causing the measurement and control device to perform the DC power line carrier communication method of the above embodiments.

[0125] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the functions described in this disclosure in one or more of the examples above can be implemented using hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, these functions can be stored in a computer-readable medium or transmitted as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media include computer storage media and communication media, wherein communication media include any medium that facilitates the transfer of a computer program from one place to another. Storage media can be any available medium accessible to a general-purpose or special-purpose computer.

[0126] It should be noted that the technical solutions described in this disclosure can be combined arbitrarily as long as they do not conflict.

[0127] The above are merely specific embodiments of this disclosure, but the scope of protection of this disclosure is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this disclosure should be included within the scope of protection of this disclosure. Therefore, the scope of protection of this disclosure should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A DC power line carrier communication method, applied to downhole communication equipment, characterized in that, The method includes: According to the data transmission requirements, at least one of the first communication frequency band and the second communication frequency band is selected to complete the data transmission, wherein the first communication frequency band and the second communication frequency band are isolated from each other; Within the first communication frequency band, a first mixed signal is received, and a first carrier signal is isolated from the first mixed signal for parsing to obtain control commands; Within the second communication frequency band, a second carrier signal characterizing downhole physical features is superimposed on the DC power supply base component to generate a second hybrid signal for transmission.

2. The DC power line carrier communication method according to claim 1, characterized in that, After receiving the first mixed signal, the method further includes: The first mixed signal voltage regulation and conversion process absorbs the periodic fluctuations in DC power supply voltage caused by the first carrier signal in the first mixed signal as an allowable disturbance, and outputs a stable DC operating voltage. Isolated voltage sampling is performed on the voltage regulator to obtain a feedback voltage that is proportional to the output voltage; Based on the comparison between the feedback voltage and the preset reference voltage, the switching frequency of the voltage regulator is adjusted to maintain the stability of the DC operating voltage.

3. The DC power line carrier communication method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of isolating and parsing the first carrier signal from the first mixed signal to obtain control commands includes: The target carrier signal is obtained by filtering the first carrier signal using preprocessed weight information. The target carrier signal is divided into multiple signal segments using a sliding window function, and a short-time Fourier transform is performed independently on each signal segment to generate a time spectrum characterizing the evolution of the signal frequency components over time. Extract the energy extreme value distribution characteristics in the time spectrum, identify the transient frequency jump pattern corresponding to the characteristics, and parse the control command according to the preset mapping relationship between the frequency jump pattern and the control command.

4. The DC power line carrier communication method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first carrier signal comprises a continuous sine wave sequence modulated by multi-level frequency shift keying; the second carrier signal comprises a signal modulated using a baseband coding rule without DC component.

5. A DC power line carrier communication method, applied to terrestrial communication equipment, characterized in that, The method includes: According to the data transmission requirements, at least one of the first communication frequency band and the second communication frequency band is selected to complete the data transmission, wherein the first communication frequency band and the second communication frequency band are isolated from each other; Within the first communication frequency band, the control command is modulated into a first carrier signal, and the first carrier signal is superimposed on the DC power supply base component to generate a first mixed signal for transmission; Within the second communication frequency band, a second mixed signal is received, and a second carrier signal is isolated from the second mixed signal for analysis to obtain downhole physical characteristic data.

6. A DC power line carrier communication device, applied to terrestrial communication equipment, characterized in that, include: The frequency band selection module is used to select at least one of the first communication frequency band and the second communication frequency band to complete data transmission according to data transmission requirements, wherein the frequency bands of the first communication frequency band and the second communication frequency band are isolated from each other; The downlink transmission module is used to modulate the control command into a first carrier signal within the first communication frequency band, and to superimpose the first carrier signal onto the DC power supply base component to encode and generate a first mixed signal for transmission. The uplink receiving module is used to receive the second mixed signal in the second communication frequency band, and to isolate the second carrier signal from the second mixed signal for analysis in order to obtain downhole physical characteristic data.

7. A DC power line carrier communication device, applied to underground communication equipment, characterized in that, include: The frequency band configuration module is used to select at least one of the first communication frequency band and the second communication frequency band to complete data transmission according to data transmission requirements, wherein the frequency bands of the first communication frequency band and the second communication frequency band are isolated from each other; The downlink receiving and parsing module is used to receive a first mixed signal in the first communication frequency band, and to isolate and parse a first carrier signal from the first mixed signal to obtain control commands; The uplink data transmission module is used to superimpose a second carrier signal representing downhole physical characteristics onto a DC power supply base component within the second communication frequency band to generate a second mixed signal for transmission.

8. The communication device according to claim 7, characterized in that, Also includes: A voltage regulator circuit is used to regulate and convert the first mixed signal, absorb the periodic fluctuations in the DC power supply voltage caused by the first carrier signal in the first mixed signal as an allowable disturbance, and output a stable DC operating voltage. The downlink receiving and parsing module is specifically used for: The target carrier signal is obtained by filtering the first carrier signal using preprocessed weight information. The target carrier signal is divided into multiple signal segments using a sliding window function, and a short-time Fourier transform is performed independently on each signal segment to generate a time spectrum characterizing the evolution of the signal frequency components over time. Extract the energy extreme value distribution characteristics in the time spectrum, identify the transient frequency jump pattern corresponding to the characteristics, and parse the control command according to the preset mapping relationship between the frequency jump pattern and the control command.

9. A measurement and control device, characterized in that, It includes a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores a computer program executable by the processor, which, when executed by the processor, implements the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

10. A computer storage medium, characterized in that, The computer storage medium stores at least one instruction, which is executed by a processor to implement the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

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