A ceramic biofilter-ceramic membrane combined water purification device and method

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of ceramsite biological filter-ceramic membrane combined water purification device and method, including ceramsite biological filter, with the ceramic membrane assembly of ceramsite biological filter connection, with the peristaltic pump of ceramic membrane assembly outlet connection, raw water enters ceramsite biological filter, the filtered liquid (ceramsite filter effluent) of ceramsite biological filter enters ceramic membrane assembly, clear water (membrane water) is extracted from ceramic membrane assembly by peristaltic pump.Compared with prior art, the device combines the adsorption and biodegradation of ceramsite biological filter and the efficient interception performance of ceramic membrane, which can effectively reduce membrane pollution, and can also improve water quality, reliable operation, easy maintenance, with good energy saving and application prospect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water treatment technology, and in particular to a water purification device and method using a combination of ceramsite biological filter and ceramic membrane. Background Technology

[0002] Compared to conventional civil engineering structures, integrated water treatment equipment offers advantages such as smaller footprint, less susceptibility to terrain, lower investment costs, simpler operation and management, lower operating costs, and more stable performance, making it well-suited to the water treatment infrastructure needs of rural areas. Currently, integrated wastewater treatment facilities primarily utilize A / O, MBR, oxidation ditch, and biological filter processes. For drinking water, integrated coagulation-sedimentation-filtration conventional water purification processes are commonly employed, such as SDJ, LEJI, and LEGS water purifiers. Some equipment optimizes the process through enhanced coagulation. However, due to the generally smaller scale and limited purification time of integrated equipment, the removal capacity for turbidity and microbial contaminants is somewhat limited, resulting in generally lower water treatment efficiency for short-process integrated equipment.

[0003] Existing patent CN108503056A discloses a treatment device for rural drinking water, which includes a raw water tank, an activated carbon mixing tank connected to the raw water tank via an inlet pump and an inlet pipe, a ceramic membrane module circulatedly connected to the activated carbon mixing tank, and a clear water tank connected to the outlet of the ceramic membrane module. This device purifies water by mixing activated carbon powder with raw water and then filtering it through a ceramic membrane. However, the activated carbon in this device is prone to rapid saturation during operation, resulting in limited removal of organic pollutants and recalcitrant substances. Furthermore, the powdered activated carbon easily clogs membrane pores and exacerbates membrane fouling, even abrading the ceramic membrane, affecting the long-term stable operation of the system and leading to high maintenance costs.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a water purification device that can improve the water treatment efficiency of integrated short-process equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art by providing a ceramic granule biological filter-ceramic membrane combined water purification device and method, which can improve the water treatment efficiency of short-process integrated equipment. The device uses a microfiltration ceramic membrane as the core and sets up a ceramic granule biological filter to reduce the pollution of the membrane by the influent and improve the water purification efficiency, while shortening the overall process length.

[0006] This invention employs a ceramsite biological filter to replace the activated carbon mixing tank. Ceramsite has a large specific surface area and porous structure, enabling effective biofilm formation and continuous degradation of organic pollutants and trace persistent pollutants in the water. This slows down the rate of subsequent ceramic membrane fouling at the source, achieving more efficient and long-term stable rural drinking water purification. Furthermore, ceramsite has stable physical properties, is not prone to pulverization or abrasion, and will not scratch the ceramic membrane, significantly improving system reliability and membrane module lifespan. This invention, through a synergistic process of biodegradation and ceramic membrane physical filtration, significantly improves effluent quality and treatment efficiency, overcoming the adsorption saturation and membrane fouling problems caused by the dependence on adsorption materials in existing technologies.

[0007] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions: The first objective of this invention is to provide a water purification device combining a ceramic granule biological filter and a ceramic membrane, comprising a degradation-filtration unit, a raw water pump, and a peristaltic pump. The degradation-filtration unit includes a membrane tank. The side of the membrane tank is connected to the raw water pump via a pipe, and the raw water pump is used to inject raw water to be treated into the membrane tank. A ceramic granule biological filter and a ceramic membrane module are respectively arranged on both sides of the membrane tank. The ceramic granule biological filter is located on the side of the membrane tank closer to the raw water pump, and is used to adsorb and degrade the raw water to be treated. The ceramic membrane module has an outlet end, which is connected to the peristaltic pump via a pipe.

[0008] Furthermore, a support layer is provided at the bottom of the ceramsite biological filter, the height of which is higher than the inlet of the raw water to be treated, and the upper part of the support layer is filled with filter media with a thickness of 5-20 cm.

[0009] More preferably, a support layer is provided at the bottom 5 cm of the ceramsite biological filter, and a 10 cm thick filter material is filled on top of the support layer.

[0010] Furthermore, the filter media is ceramsite filter media.

[0011] Furthermore, the ceramic membrane assembly is an asymmetric flat ceramic membrane; the ceramic membrane assembly includes an integrally formed support layer, transition layer and separation layer; the support layer, transition layer and separation layer of the ceramic membrane assembly are all made of α-Al2O3.

[0012] Furthermore, the ceramic membrane module has an average pore size of 0.08~0.15 μm, a length of 100~180 mm, a width of 50~90 mm, and a filtration area of ​​150~250 cm². 2 .

[0013] More preferably, the ceramic membrane module has an average pore size of 0.1 μm, a length of 140 mm, a width of 70 mm, and a filtration area of ​​196 cm².2 .

[0014] Furthermore, the ceramic membrane module is fixed 5-10 cm below the liquid surface in the membrane tank, and a vacuum filtration-backwashing mode (out-in vacuum filtration mode) is adopted.

[0015] Furthermore, the peristaltic pump is used to provide filtration power, and the filtration mode and backwashing mode in the filtration-backwashing mode are switched by changing the rotation direction of the peristaltic pump head.

[0016] Furthermore, the device performs a 30-120 second hydraulic backwash every 1-3 hours, with the backwash flux set to 80-150 LMH.

[0017] More preferably, the device performs a 60-second hydraulic backwash every 2 hours of operation, with the backwash flux set to 100 LMH.

[0018] Furthermore, the device also includes a data recording unit; the data recording unit is connected to the degradation-filtration unit; the data recording unit includes a liquid level sensor and a pressure sensor; the liquid level sensor is used to detect the liquid level height in the membrane tank; the pressure sensor is located on the pipe at the outlet end of the ceramic membrane module; Furthermore, the data recording unit also includes a control component; the control component also includes a PLC system; the liquid level sensor and the pressure sensor are respectively communicatively connected to the PLC system.

[0019] The second objective of this invention is to provide a water purification method using a combined ceramsite biological filter and a ceramic membrane, achieved by employing the aforementioned combined ceramsite biological filter and ceramic membrane water purification device, comprising the following steps: The raw water to be treated is injected into the membrane tank by the raw water pump, and the ceramsite biological filter adsorbs and degrades the raw water to be treated to obtain the ceramsite filter effluent. The effluent from the ceramsite filter bed enters the ceramic membrane module to obtain post-membrane water. When the ceramic membrane module is in suction filtration mode, the water is pumped out from the effluent end of the ceramic membrane module by a peristaltic pump. When the ceramic membrane module is switched from filtration mode to backwashing mode by changing the rotation direction of the peristaltic pump head, the filtered water re-enters the ceramic membrane module. After backwashing, the ceramic membrane module is switched back from backwashing mode to filtration mode by changing the rotation direction of the peristaltic pump head again.

[0020] This invention relates to a combined ceramsite biological filter and ceramic membrane water purification device, comprising a ceramsite biological filter, a ceramic membrane module connected to the ceramsite biological filter, and a peristaltic pump connected to the outlet of the ceramic membrane module. Raw water enters the ceramsite biological filter, the filtrate from the ceramsite biological filter (ceramsite filter effluent) enters the ceramic membrane module, and purified water (post-membrane water) is drawn out of the ceramic membrane module by the peristaltic pump. This device combines the adsorption and biodegradation effects of the ceramsite biological filter with the high-efficiency retention performance of the ceramic membrane, effectively reducing membrane fouling and steadily improving effluent quality. It is reliable in operation, easy to maintain, and has good energy-saving and widespread application prospects.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1) The present invention provides a water purification device and method using a ceramic granule biological filter and a ceramic membrane, which uses a ceramic granule biological filter to continuously remove pollutants through biodegradation, effectively mitigating membrane fouling and improving operational stability.

[0022] 2) The present invention provides a water purification device and method using a ceramic granule biological filter and a ceramic membrane, which improves the deep purification effect by utilizing the synergistic effect of biodegradation and ceramic membrane filtration.

[0023] 3) The present invention provides a water purification device and method using a ceramic granule biological filter and a ceramic membrane, which adopts a stable and non-pulverized ceramic granule material to avoid membrane clogging and extend the service life of the equipment.

[0024] 4) The present invention provides a water purification device and method using a combination of ceramsite biological filter and ceramic membrane, which has a longer operating cycle, lower maintenance frequency, and lower overall operating cost, and has better economy and practicality.

[0025] 5) The present invention provides a ceramic granule biological filter-ceramic membrane combined water purification device and method, which is aimed at drinking water with high effluent requirements and focuses on the removal of organic matter. It adopts ceramic granule filter media, a single filter layer, and a ceramic membrane with ultrafiltration precision. First, the single filter layer provides a homogeneous and stable ecological niche, which makes the target bacteria more efficient and stable in removing pollutants from drinking water sources. Second, the single homogeneous filter layer can reduce mass transfer resistance, improve the contact efficiency between pollutants and biofilm, and improve the biological treatment rate and reaction kinetic efficiency per unit volume of filter. Third, the single ceramic granule filter layer has relatively uniform and large pore size, which mainly relies on biological action rather than physical interception, making it less prone to irreversible clogging and longer operating cycle. At the same time, fault diagnosis and maintenance are simple. In particular, for the single filter layer of the present invention, the bed after backwashing is still a homogeneous filter layer, which can avoid the mis-layering problem that occurs in multi-layer structures. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the ceramic granule biological filter-ceramic membrane combined water purification device provided by the present invention; Figure 2 The effluent turbidity diagram is shown in the example. Figure 3 The membrane fouling control efficiency diagram is shown in the example. Figure 4 The three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum of the organic compound in the example is shown below. Figure 5 This is a diagram of bacterial community composition at the phylum level for an example.

[0027] In the picture: 1. Membrane tank, 2. Ceramsite biological filter, 3. Ceramic membrane module, 4. Peristaltic pump, 5. Raw water pump, 6. Liquid level sensor, 7. Pressure sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Component models, material names, connection structures, control methods, algorithms, and other features not explicitly described in this technical solution are considered common technical features disclosed in the prior art.

[0029] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0030] It should be noted that in this invention, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes the element.

[0031] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0032] Example 1 like Figure 1As shown, this embodiment provides a water purification device combining a ceramic granule biological filter and a ceramic membrane, including a degradation-filtration unit, a data recording unit, a raw water pump 5, and a peristaltic pump 4.

[0033] The degradation-filtration unit includes a membrane tank 1. The side of the membrane tank 1 is connected to a raw water pump 5 via a pipe, which injects raw water to be treated into the membrane tank 1. A ceramic granule biological filter 2 and a ceramic membrane module 3 are respectively arranged on both sides of the membrane tank 1. A partition made of plexiglass is provided between the ceramic granule biological filter 2 and the ceramic membrane module 3, and the upper part of the partition has a hole to connect the ceramic granule biological filter 2 and the ceramic membrane module 3. The ceramic granule biological filter 2 is located on the side of the membrane tank 1 closest to the raw water pump 5, and is used to adsorb and degrade the raw water to be treated. The ceramic membrane module 3 has an outlet end. The outlet end of the ceramic membrane module 3 is connected to a peristaltic pump 4 via a pipe, and the outlet end of the ceramic membrane module 3 is located above the ceramic membrane module 3. In this embodiment, raw water to be treated is injected into the bottom left side of the membrane tank 1, the ceramic granule biological filter 2 is located on the left side of the membrane tank 1, and the ceramic membrane module 3 is located on the right side of the membrane tank 1.

[0034] The data recording unit is connected to the degradation-filtration unit; the data recording unit includes a liquid level sensor 6 and a pressure sensor 7; the liquid level sensor 6 is used to detect the liquid level in the membrane tank 1, and the water surface fluctuation during filtration does not exceed 2cm; the pressure sensor 7 is installed on the pipe at the outlet end of the ceramic membrane module 3, and the pressure sensor 7 is used to monitor the pressure. The higher the pressure, the more serious the membrane fouling. When the membrane fouling accumulates to a certain extent, it is necessary to backwash and clean the ceramic membrane module 3.

[0035] The data recording unit also includes a control component; the control component also includes a PLC system; the level sensor 6 and the pressure sensor 7 are respectively connected to the PLC system (or a computer is used to replace the PLC system, and the level sensor 6 and the pressure sensor 7 are connected to the computer through a communication controller), and the communication connection is wired or wireless.

[0036] In this embodiment, the height of membrane pool 1 is 40 cm, and the dimensions of membrane pool 1 are 20 cm × 14 cm × 40 cm.

[0037] A support layer is set at the bottom 5 cm of the ceramsite biological filter 2, and a 10 cm thick filter material is filled on the top of the support layer.

[0038] The filter media is ceramsite filter media.

[0039] The ceramic membrane assembly 3 is an asymmetric flat ceramic membrane; the ceramic membrane assembly 3 includes a support layer, a transition layer and a separation layer; the support layer, transition layer and separation layer of the ceramic membrane assembly 3 are all made of α-Al2O3.

[0040] The ceramic membrane module 3 has an average pore size of 0.1 μm, a length of 140 mm, a width of 70 mm, and a filtration area of ​​196 cm². 2 .

[0041] The ceramic membrane module 3 is fixed 6 cm below the liquid surface of the membrane tank 1, and adopts the suction filtration-backwashing mode (out-in suction filtration mode).

[0042] The peristaltic pump 4 is a constant flow peristaltic pump used to provide filtration power. The filtration mode and backwashing mode in the filtration-backwashing mode can be switched by changing the rotation direction of the pump head of the peristaltic pump 4.

[0043] In the experiment, the constant current filtration flux was set to 40 LMH.

[0044] The device performs a 60-second hydraulic backwash every 2 hours, with the backwash flux set at 100 LMH.

[0045] This embodiment also provides a water purification method using a combined ceramsite biological filter and a ceramic membrane, which is implemented using the aforementioned combined ceramsite biological filter and ceramic membrane water purification device, and includes the following steps: The raw water to be treated is injected into the membrane tank 1 by the raw water pump 5, and the ceramsite biological filter 2 adsorbs and degrades the raw water to be treated to obtain the ceramsite filter effluent. The effluent from the ceramsite filter bed enters the ceramic membrane module 3 to obtain post-membrane water. When the ceramic membrane module 3 is in suction filtration mode, the water is pumped out from the outlet end of the ceramic membrane module 3 by the peristaltic pump 4. When the rotation direction of the peristaltic pump 4 is changed to switch the ceramic membrane module 3 from the filtration mode to the backwashing mode, the filtered water re-enters the ceramic membrane module 3. After backwashing, the rotation direction of the peristaltic pump 4 is changed again to switch the ceramic membrane module 3 from the backwashing mode to the filtration mode.

[0046] Figure 2 The effluent turbidity diagram for this embodiment is provided by... Figure 2 It can be seen that this device can significantly reduce the turbidity of water. Figure 3 The membrane fouling control efficiency diagram is shown in the example. Figure 3 In this context, Direct UF is a standalone ceramic membrane filtration method, while UFB(SW)-UF is a combined ceramic membrane and ceramsite biological filter water purification method used in this embodiment. Figure 3 It can be seen that, compared with direct ultrafiltration, this device significantly reduces membrane fouling. Figure 4 Three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum of organic compounds in the example ( Figure 4 The monitored organic matter includes proteins, humic acid, fulvic acid, and polysaccharides. Figure 4 The object being monitored is the eluent containing contaminants on the membrane surface of ceramic membrane module 3, which is... Figure 4 It can be seen that the contaminants on the membrane surface are mainly proteins and polysaccharides; Figure 5 To implement bacterial community composition mapping at the phylum level ( Figure 5 In the diagram, A1 represents raw water, B2 represents the ceramsite biological filter 2, and F1 represents the membrane surface fouling layer of the ceramsite biological filter-ceramic membrane combined water purification device in this embodiment. Experimental results show that the device has good water purification and antifouling effects, with a membrane fouling control efficiency of 67% per filtration cycle, while the turbidity of the water after the membrane can be reduced to below 0.1 NTU, and DOC and UV... 254 The removal rates reached 29.1% and 25.1%, respectively, and the total fluorescence scoring standard volume removal rate was 30.3%.

[0047] The above description of the embodiments is intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand and use the invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be easily made to these embodiments, and the general principles described herein can be applied to other embodiments without inventive effort. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the scope of the invention should be within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A water purification device combining a ceramic granule biological filter and a ceramic membrane, characterized in that, Includes degradation-filtration unit, raw water pump, and peristaltic pump; The degradation-filtration unit includes a membrane tank; The membrane tank is connected to the raw water pump via a pipe on its side, and the raw water pump is used to inject raw water to be treated into the membrane tank. The membrane tank is equipped with a ceramic granule biological filter and a ceramic membrane module on both sides, respectively. The expanded clay biofilter is located on the side of the membrane tank near the raw water pump, and the expanded clay biofilter is used to adsorb and degrade the raw water to be treated. The ceramic membrane assembly is provided with a water outlet; The outlet of the ceramic membrane module is connected to a peristaltic pump via a pipe.

2. The ceramic granule biological filter-ceramic membrane combined water purification device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the ceramsite biological filter is provided with a support layer, the height of which is higher than the inlet of the raw water to be treated, and the upper part of the support layer is filled with filter media with a thickness of 5-20 cm.

3. The ceramic granule biological filter-ceramic membrane combined water purification device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The filter media is ceramsite filter media.

4. The ceramic granule biological filter-ceramic membrane combined water purification device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ceramic membrane module is an asymmetric flat ceramic membrane; The ceramic membrane module includes a support layer, a transition layer, and a separation layer; The support layer, transition layer, and separation layer of the ceramic membrane module are all made of α-Al2O3.

5. The ceramic granule biological filter-ceramic membrane combined water purification device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ceramic membrane module has an average pore size of 0.08–0.15 μm, a length of 100–180 mm, a width of 50–90 mm, and a filtration area of ​​150–250 cm². 2 .

6. The ceramic granule biological filter-ceramic membrane combined water purification device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ceramic membrane module is fixed 5-10 cm below the liquid surface in the membrane tank and adopts a vacuum filtration-backwashing mode.

7. The ceramic granule biological filter-ceramic membrane combined water purification device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The peristaltic pump is used to provide filtration power, and the filtration mode and backwashing mode in the filtration-backwashing mode are switched by changing the rotation direction of the peristaltic pump head.

8. The ceramic granule biological filter-ceramic membrane combined water purification device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The device performs a 30-120 second hydraulic backwash every 1-3 hours, with a backwash flux set to 80-150 LMH.

9. The ceramic granule biological filter-ceramic membrane combined water purification device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The device also includes a data recording unit; The data recording unit is connected to the degradation-filtration unit; The data recording unit includes a liquid level sensor and a pressure sensor; The liquid level sensor is used to detect the liquid level height in the membrane tank; The pressure sensor is installed on the pipe at the outlet end of the ceramic membrane module; The data recording unit also includes a control component; The control components also include a PLC system; The liquid level sensor and pressure sensor are respectively connected to the PLC system for communication.

10. A method for water purification using a combined ceramsite biological filter and a ceramic membrane, implemented using the combined ceramsite biological filter and ceramic membrane water purification device as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that... The method includes the following steps: The raw water to be treated is injected into the membrane tank by the raw water pump, and the ceramsite biological filter adsorbs and degrades the raw water to be treated to obtain the effluent from the ceramsite filter. The effluent from the ceramsite filter bed enters the ceramic membrane module to obtain post-membrane water. When the ceramic membrane module is in suction filtration mode, the water is pumped out from the effluent end of the ceramic membrane module by a peristaltic pump. When the ceramic membrane module is switched from filtration mode to backwashing mode by changing the rotation direction of the peristaltic pump head, the filtered water re-enters the ceramic membrane module. After backwashing, the ceramic membrane module is switched back from backwashing mode to filtration mode by changing the rotation direction of the peristaltic pump head again.

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