Rail grinding dust cleaning device

Abstract

The application discloses a rail polishing dust cleaning device, and belongs to the field of rail polishing dust cleaning devices. The rail polishing dust cleaning device comprises a rail polishing dust cleaning device body, a magnetic attraction device, a blowing and sucking device, a dust removal and filtration device, a suspension movement mechanism and a locking mechanism. The blowing and sucking device is arranged in front of and behind the magnetic attraction device along the working direction. The blowing and sucking device and the magnetic attraction device can be lifted and lowered through the suspension movement mechanism. During work, the blowing and sucking device and the magnetic attraction device are lowered to a low position through the suspension movement mechanism. During hanging and transporting, the blowing and sucking device and the magnetic attraction device are lifted to a high position through the suspension movement mechanism and are locked. The dust removal and filtration device is connected with a dust collecting port at the top of the blowing and sucking device through a suction pipeline, and is used for collecting dust generated during blowing. A blowing pipeline is connected between a blowing air source and an air knife in the blowing and sucking device, so that the air knife is provided with the high-pressure air source. The rail polishing dust cleaning device can solve the technical problems that the existing rail polishing dust cleaning device has an unsatisfactory working effect, occupies a lot of skylight time and influences the polishing working efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of railway engineering machinery technology, and is applied to large-scale railway maintenance machinery. In particular, it relates to a rail grinding dust cleaning device and operation method for collecting grinding dust left on the track bed during the maintenance and grinding of railway rails, so as to reduce the amount of manual cleaning after grinding operations and reduce the environmental pollution caused by track grinding operations. Background Technology

[0002] Rail grinding, an important method in railway maintenance, is used to eliminate surface defects and repair rail profiles. Rail grinding trains are currently commonly used large-scale equipment. During the rail grinding process, rail grinding trains generate a large amount of grinding dust. Although the grinding trains are equipped with dust collection devices, due to the special working conditions and the performance limitations of these devices, they cannot completely collect all the grinding dust from the track, resulting in a significant amount of grinding dust remaining on the track surface after grinding.

[0003] Grinding dust, especially on ballastless tracks, can have the following consequences if not collected and treated: 1) Accumulated grinding debris on the railway ballast surface will seriously endanger train operation safety; 2) Dust flying in the air will greatly harm the health of personnel and pollute the environment around the railway; 3) When high-speed trains run, they will pick up grinding debris, damaging sensors on the train and electrification equipment along the railway line, easily causing short circuits and thus affecting train operation safety. Therefore, grinding debris remaining on ballastless tracks needs to be specifically cleaned up within a certain time window during the grinding operation to ensure the normal operation of power supply equipment along the railway line and the safe operation of high-speed trains.

[0004] Currently, after the grinding of ballastless track rails inside and outside tunnels, each railway bureau assigns a certain number of personnel to use brooms or handheld blowers to blow away granular (powdered) iron filings and pick up blocky iron filings for cleaning. Manual on-site cleaning has five main problems: first, the large number of personnel working on the track makes it difficult to guarantee their safety; second, severe dust pollution inside the tunnel affects the health of workers and the power supply equipment along the line; third, the labor intensity for workers is high; fourth, the quality of manual cleaning is unsatisfactory; and fifth, it occupies a long maintenance window, reducing the effective grinding time. Therefore, in recent years, some units in the industry have begun researching related equipment, aiming to achieve efficient and automated cleaning of residual dust on the track bed.

[0005] Among the existing technologies, the following documents are most similar to this application: Document 1 is a Chinese invention application filed by CRRC Shandong Locomotive & Rolling Stock Co., Ltd. on October 30, 2020, and published on February 2, 2021, with publication number CN112301942A. This application discloses a metal scrap cleaning system and engineering vehicle for ballastless tracks, proposing a combination of air blowing and electromagnetic methods to clean track bed debris. This equipment is mainly used to clean iron dust left on the surface of ballastless track beds outside tunnels. The air blowing mechanism is installed on one side of the metal scrap cleaning component to blow up metal scraps from the ballastless track, and then an electromagnetic generating mechanism attracts the blown metal scraps to a magnetic suction device. However, this equipment generates significant secondary dust during cleaning operations, making it particularly unsuitable for cleaning grinding metal scraps inside tunnels. Furthermore, this equipment is a separate engineering vehicle, making it difficult and inefficient to coordinate with grinding trains. Additionally, the magnets of this equipment are positioned directly above the rails, leading to high residual magnetism on the rails and fasteners, causing the locomotive to stop due to false induction when passing over the rails after operation. When rails and fasteners are magnetized, the iron filings and dust blown up are attracted to the rails and fasteners and cannot be collected by the device. Moreover, the equipment does not have the function of cleaning up blocky iron filings, and there are problems such as the inability to blow up and collect iron filings when working on wet lines.

[0006] Document 2 is a Chinese invention application filed by CRRC Shandong Locomotive & Rolling Stock Co., Ltd. on September 18, 2021, and published on December 14, 2021, with publication number CN113789750A. This application discloses a railway track bed adsorption device and cleaning system, relating to the field of railway cleaning. To address the problem of effectively cleaning ferromagnetic contaminants from railway track beds, a rotating conveyor belt combined with a magnetic attraction structure is used. This structure attracts ferromagnetic contaminants from the track bed, transports them along the conveyor belt, and collects them in a collection box. This solves the problem of effectively collecting large, heavy ferromagnetic contaminants. The system includes the car body and an attraction structure installed at the bottom of the car body. The attraction structure consists of a magnetic attraction mechanism, a collection box, and a parallelogram-shaped conveyor belt with rotating rollers at each corner. The working surface of the magnetic attraction mechanism covers the bottom of the inner ring of the conveyor belt, attracting ferromagnetic materials to the outer ring. The rotating rollers at both ends of the bottom edge of the conveyor belt are magnetic rollers. The collection box can catch ferromagnetic materials falling from the top of the conveyor belt. However, due to the relatively strong magnetic field of the magnetic attraction device, especially on curved sections, and its transverse arrangement above the rails, the rails can easily become magnetized. Severely magnetized rails can be misjudged as over-phase areas by the locomotive's ground sensors, leading to a main locomotive disconnection and abnormal stop. At the same time, the magnetic attraction device generates a large magnetic attraction force on the rail in the vertical direction, which affects the load and stability of the entire vehicle.

[0007] Document 3 is a Chinese invention application filed by China Railway Construction High-Tech Equipment Co., Ltd. on February 24, 2016, and published on June 29, 2016, with publication number CN105714725A. This application discloses a blowing and suction working device for a rail-mounted sewage suction truck, comprising: a trolley frame with two working wheels on each of the front and rear sides; two blowing boxes mounted on the front and rear sides of the sewage suction trolley frame respectively; and a suction box installed between the front and rear blowing boxes; the front blowing box has a circular inlet, and a flange is installed on the inlet for connecting the inlet to the air inlet pipe of the blowing and suction working device; the rear blowing box has two circular rear inlets on its rear side; the bottom of the front blowing box has a front nozzle assembly, and the bottom of the rear blowing box has a rear nozzle assembly; the bottom of the suction box has a suction port, and the top has a circular outlet; the front and rear nozzle assemblies are arranged along the bottom edge of the blowing box on three sides, so that the blowing airflow covers the entire cross-section of the track bed in the horizontal and vertical directions, blowing all the dust and debris on the entire cross-section toward the suction port, making it easier for the dust and debris to be sucked in and improving the sewage suction effect.

[0008] Document 4 is a Chinese invention application filed by China Railway Construction High-Tech Equipment Co., Ltd. on June 8, 2015, and published on December 30, 2015, with publication number CN105200953A. This application discloses a ballastless track bed waste absorption device and its corresponding vacuum truck, including a sealed cover and a frame. The sealed cover and frame contain a waste absorption port and a waste air ejection port, with at least one set of these ports spaced apart. The upper part of the sealed cover and frame is connected to the working vehicle frame via a lifting hydraulic cylinder. The lower part of the sealed cover and frame is equipped with working wheels and a corresponding frame. The sealed cover and frame are connected to the waste absorption port and the waste air ejection port via flange interfaces. This application also provides a track bed vacuum truck.

[0009] References 3 and 4 propose a blowing and suction method for track bed dust removal, with horizontal or vertical blowing and suction arrangements to achieve dust blowing and collection. However, this equipment also suffers from severe secondary dust generation during sweeping operations, and is particularly unsuitable for cleaning grinding debris inside tunnels, lacking the ability to remove blocky debris. Furthermore, this equipment is also a standalone engineering vehicle, making it difficult and inefficient to coordinate with grinding vehicles. Summary of the Invention

[0010] In view of this, the purpose of this application is to provide a rail grinding dust cleaning device and operation method to solve the technical problems that the existing dust cleaning methods have unsatisfactory operation results, occupy a lot of time during maintenance windows, and affect the efficiency of grinding operations.

[0011] To achieve the aforementioned objectives, this application provides a technical solution for a rail grinding dust cleaning device, comprising: a dust removal and filtration device and a blower source mounted on the vehicle body; and a blower-suction device, a magnetic suction device, and a suspension mechanism mounted under the vehicle body. The blower-suction device is arranged in front of and behind the magnetic suction device along the working direction. The blower-suction device and the magnetic suction device can be raised and lowered via the suspension mechanism. During operation, the blower-suction device and the magnetic suction device are lowered to a low position via the suspension mechanism. During transport, the blower-suction device and the magnetic suction device are raised to a high position and locked via the suspension mechanism. The air intake of the dust removal and filtration device is connected to the dust collection port at the top of the blower-suction device via a suction pipe to collect dust generated during blowing. The blower source is connected to the air knife inside the blower-suction device via a blower pipe, providing high-pressure air to the air knife.

[0012] This application also provides a specific technical implementation scheme for a method of cleaning up dust from rail grinding, including the following steps: When the dust removal vehicle is in operation, the blowing and suction device, positioned at the front end of the magnetic suction device along the working direction, is activated. The blowing and suction device blows dust from the rail and fastener areas to the working area of ​​the magnetic suction device, while simultaneously sucking in and filtering the dust stirred up by the blowing air through a dust removal and filtration device. The magnetic suction device collects the dust located in the track bed area after being blown away by the wind.

[0013] Furthermore, blowing and suction devices are installed at both the front and rear ends of the magnetic suction device along the working direction to enable bidirectional operation of the dust cleaning vehicle. During operation, the blowing and suction device at the front end is activated, while the blowing and suction device at the rear end is deactivated, realizing a process of first blowing and then magnetic suction.

[0014] Furthermore, the dust removal vehicle, the tractor, and two or more grinding vehicles are coupled together to form a rail grinding train. The dust removal vehicle is positioned at the front and / or rear of the rail grinding train, or between the tractor and the grinding vehicles. The rail grinding train operates using reciprocating multiple grinding passes. The electrical control cabinet automatically activates the blowing and suction device and the magnetic suction device at the front end of the working direction according to the train's running direction, and deactivates the blowing and suction device at the rear end. During grinding operations, the rail grinding dust removal device is activated for each grinding pass, or only activated during the final grinding pass, or the dust removal operation is performed during the final grinding pass after multiple grinding passes are completed.

[0015] Furthermore, the blowing and suction device includes a soft curtain and a dust collection hood. The soft curtain is suspended around the bottom of the dust collection hood to prevent dust blown up inside the hood from overflowing. The suction duct is located at the top of the dust collection hood, and a flow guiding component is installed inside the dust collection hood to guide the airflow inside the hood in order to collect the raised dust.

[0016] Furthermore, the rail grinding dust cleaning device also includes a dust removal and filtration device installed on the vehicle body. The air intake of the dust removal and filtration device is connected to the dust collection port on the top of the blowing and suction device through a suction pipe to collect the dust generated during blowing. The rail grinding dust cleaning device also includes a blowing air source installed on the vehicle body. The blowing air source is connected to the air knife inside the blowing and suction device through a blowing pipe to provide a high-pressure air source for the air knife.

[0017] Furthermore, the air knives are installed inside the dust collection hood using air knife mounting brackets. The air knives include a first side air knife, a first rail-top air knife, a central air knife, a second rail-top air knife, and a second side air knife. The height and deflection angle of the air knives are adjusted using the mounting brackets, and the air source is used as the power input to deliver gas to the air knives through the air duct. During dust removal vehicle operation, the gas is blown out evenly and at high speed through the narrow outlets of the air knives, drawing in ambient air to form an impact air curtain. The airflow generated by the air knives sweeps away residual dust and iron filings at the track bed location. The first rail-top air knife, the central air knife, and the second rail-top air knife are arranged transversely along the rails, while the first and second side air knives are arranged longitudinally on the left and right sides of the dust collection hood along the rails. The first and second side air knives blow dust from the outside of the rails to the center of the track bed on the inside of the rails. The first and second rail-top air knives blow dust away from the rail surface, fasteners, and rail bearing platform area, and work in conjunction with the first and second side air knives to blow the dust to the center of the track bed. The central air knife blows light non-metallic dust off the track bed surface and lifts it up, and the negative pressure airflow from the blowing and suction device is collected by the suction pipe and sent to the dust removal and filtration device.

[0018] Furthermore, the dust removal and filtration device includes a fan, an air outlet, a filter box, a settling box, and an air suction duct. A dust discharge device is installed at the bottom of the filter box and the settling box, connecting the air outlet to the filter box. The settling box is connected to the dust collection port at the top of the blower / suction device via the air suction duct. During dust removal vehicle operation, a negative pressure is created inside the filter box under the action of the fan, transferring this negative pressure to the blower / suction device. Dust-laden air from the air suction duct first enters the settling box and settles due to gravity and centrifugal force. The filter box then performs secondary treatment on the settled air, filtering out any remaining dust through filter cartridges located inside the filter box. The dust removal and filtration device filters the dust-laden air drawn into the air suction duct by the blower / suction device, releasing clean air that meets emission standards into the atmosphere. Dust is collected and concentrated in the dust discharge device and discharged through the dust discharge port.

[0019] Furthermore, a suspension mechanism is installed between the vehicle body and the blowing and suction device and the magnetic suction device. During operation, the blowing and suction device and the magnetic suction device are lowered to a low position via the suspension mechanism. When the dust cleaning vehicle is being towed, the blowing and suction device and the magnetic suction device are raised to a high position and locked via the suspension mechanism.

[0020] Furthermore, the magnetic suction device includes a magnetic suction frame, and the suspension mechanism includes a suspension locking mechanism. The blowing and suction device is mounted on the magnetic suction frame, and moves up and down together with the magnetic suction device via the suspension locking mechanism. Simultaneously, the blowing and suction device can perform secondary up and down movements relative to the magnetic suction frame. The air knife blows away grinding shavings and iron powder adhering to the rails and fasteners within the working area to the inside of the rails, causing the iron powder and small iron particles to float and be adsorbed and collected by the dust removal and filtration device.

[0021] Furthermore, the suspension movement mechanism includes a lifting drive mechanism disposed between the bottom of the vehicle body and the magnetic frame. The suspension locking mechanism includes a suspension locking drive mechanism, a suspension locking seat, a suspension locking pin, a suspension lug, and a suspension support seat. The suspension support seat is disposed below the vehicle body and is used to fix the magnetic device during suspension locking. The suspension lug is fixed to the magnetic frame, and the suspension locking seat is connected and fixed to the vehicle body. The movable end of the suspension locking drive mechanism is connected to the suspension locking pin, and the suspension locking pin is inserted to lock or pulled out to open the suspension locking seat through the telescopic movement of the suspension locking drive mechanism. Before the suspension locking pin is inserted, the magnetic device is raised to a high position by the lifting drive mechanism, and the suspension lug coincides with the hole of the suspension locking seat. At this time, the suspension locking pin is pushed in by the suspension locking drive mechanism, the lifting drive mechanism releases the lifting force, and the magnetic device is suspended above the suspension locking seat by the suspension lug. Before pulling out the suspension locking pin, the magnetic suction device is first lifted by the lifting drive mechanism to create a certain gap between the suspension locking pin and the suspension lug. The suspension locking pin is then pulled out by the suspension locking drive mechanism, and the magnetic suction device is then lowered to a low position by the lifting drive mechanism to begin the operation.

[0022] Furthermore, the blowing and suction device adopts a scissor lift structure and includes a top frame, a lifting drive mechanism, a movable shaft, a fixed base, a lifting frame, and scissor plates. The top frame is mounted on the magnetic frame via the fixed base, and the fixed end of the lifting drive mechanism is positioned on the top frame. Two scissor plates are cross-hinged between the top frame and the dust collection hood via hinge seats, and the scissor plates are rotatably connected to each other via the fixed shaft. The movable end of the lifting drive mechanism is connected to the limiting hole of the hinge seat via the movable shaft. The lifting drive mechanism pulls the movable shaft to move, thereby causing the scissor plates to rotate around the fixed shaft, thus realizing the lifting and lowering of the dust collection hood. The sliding stroke of the movable shaft is controlled by the limiting hole, thereby adjusting the lifting and lowering stroke of the dust collection hood. An anti-detachment chain is connected between the top frame and the dust collection hood.

[0023] Furthermore, the magnetic attraction device also includes a main electromagnet, an auxiliary electromagnet, a hopper, a frame, rollers, a belt, a driven pulley, a tensioning mechanism, and a driving pulley. The main and auxiliary electromagnets are mounted on the magnetic frame. Each main and auxiliary electromagnet consists of three sets of electromagnets: a central magnet and two side magnets. The top of the rail is a non-magnetic area. The belt is positioned around the main and auxiliary electromagnets and then fitted onto the rollers, driven pulley, and driving pulley. The hopper is positioned close to the belt. Tensioning mechanisms are located on the left and right sides of the driven pulley for belt tensioning and replacement. During dust removal vehicle operation, the magnetic attraction device uses the magnetic field generated by the main and auxiliary electromagnets to magnetize and attract particulate iron filings and large pieces of iron slag in the area below the device onto the belt. These are then transported by the belt to the non-magnetic area above the hopper, where they fall into the hopper under gravity.

[0024] By implementing the technical solution of the rail grinding dust cleaning device and operation method provided in this application, the following beneficial effects are achieved: (1) The rail grinding dust cleaning device and operation method of this application can avoid secondary dust generation during the cleaning operation in the tunnel, and greatly improve the cleaning operation effect; (2) The rail grinding dust cleaning device and operation method of this application have a high degree of train integration, simple construction organization, less time occupied during track maintenance, and greatly improve the efficiency of grinding operation. (3) The rail grinding dust cleaning device and operation method of this application have the function of cleaning block iron filings on the train, which is highly practical and greatly improves the safety of operation and track. (4) The rail grinding dust cleaning device and operation method of this application greatly reduce the magnetization of the rail by the magnetic attraction device, ensuring the safe operation of the locomotive, while fully avoiding the large magnetic attraction force additional load on the rail, and improving the stability of the whole vehicle operation. Attached Figure Description

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other embodiments can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structural composition of a specific embodiment of the rail grinding dust cleaning device and dust cleaning vehicle upon which the method of this application is based. Figure 1 ; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structural composition of a specific embodiment of the rail grinding dust cleaning device and dust cleaning vehicle upon which the method of this application is based. Figure 2 ; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a specific embodiment of the rail grinding dust cleaning device upon which the method of this application is based. Figure 1 ; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a specific embodiment of the rail grinding dust cleaning device upon which the method of this application is based. Figure 2 ; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the effective working area of ​​a specific embodiment of the rail grinding dust cleaning device on which the method of this application is based; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the magnetic cleaning area of ​​a specific embodiment of the rail grinding dust cleaning device upon which the method of this application is based. Figure 1 ; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the magnetic cleaning area of ​​a specific embodiment of the rail grinding dust cleaning device upon which the method of this application is based. Figure 2 ; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the magnetic cleaning area of ​​a specific embodiment of the rail grinding dust cleaning device upon which the method of this application is based. Figure 3 ; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the blowing and suction device in a specific embodiment of the rail grinding dust cleaning device upon which the method of this application is based. Figure 1 ; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the blowing and suction device in a specific embodiment of the rail grinding dust cleaning device upon which the method of this application is based. Figure 2 ; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the blowing and suction device in a specific embodiment of the rail grinding dust cleaning device upon which the method of this application is based. Figure 3 ; Figure 12This is a schematic diagram of the blowing and suction device in a specific embodiment of the rail grinding dust cleaning device upon which the method of this application is based. Figure 4 ; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the blowing and suction device in a specific embodiment of the rail grinding dust cleaning device upon which the method of this application is based. Figure 5 ; Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the dust removal and filtration device in a specific embodiment of the rail grinding dust cleaning device on which the method of this application is based; Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the magnetic suction device in a specific embodiment of the rail grinding dust cleaning device upon which the method of this application is based. Figure 1 ; Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the magnetic suction device in a specific embodiment of the rail grinding dust cleaning device upon which the method of this application is based. Figure 2 ; Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the suspension locking mechanism in a specific embodiment of the rail grinding dust cleaning device on which the method of this application is based; Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the structural composition of a specific embodiment of the rail grinding vehicle on which the method of this application is based; Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of the structural composition of another specific embodiment of the rail grinding vehicle on which the method of this application is based; Figure 20 This is a flowchart of a specific embodiment of the rail grinding dust cleaning method of this application.

[0027] In the diagram: 1-Car body, 2-Bogie, 3-Rail grinding dust cleaning device, 4-Blowing and suction device, 5-Magnetic suction device, 6-Dust removal and filtration device, 7-Suspension motion mechanism, 8-Electrical control cabinet, 9-Blowing air source, 10-Air knife, 11-Main electromagnet, 12-Auxiliary electromagnet, 13-Collection hopper, 14-Rail surface, 15-Soft curtain, 16-Dust collection port, 17-Rail, 18-Fastener, 19-Rail support platform, 20-Rail bed, 21-Top frame, 22-Lifting drive mechanism, 23-Moving shaft, 24-Mounting fixing seat, 25-Anti-chain, 26-Lifting frame, 27-Scissor lift plate, 28-Suction duct, 29-Hinge seat, 30-Suspension locking mechanism, 31-Magnetic suction frame, 32-Fixed shaft, 3 3-Dust collection hood, 34-Flow guiding assembly, 35-Air knife mounting bracket, 36-Side air knife one, 37-Rail top air knife one, 38-Central air knife, 39-Rail top air knife two, 40-Side air knife two, 41-Longitudinal beam, 42-Crossbeam, 43-Fan, 44-Air outlet, 45-Filter box, 46-Settling box, 47-Suction duct, 48-Dust discharge device, 49-Suspension locking drive mechanism, 50-Suspension locking seat, 51-Suspension locking pin, 52-Suspension lug, 53-Idler roller, 54-Belt, 55-Driven wheel, 56-Tensioning mechanism, 57-Drive wheel, 58-Filter cartridge, 59-Lifting drive mechanism, 60-Suspension support seat, 100-Grinding vehicle, 200-Tractor vehicle, 300-Dust cleaning vehicle. Detailed Implementation

[0028] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0029] As attached Figure 1 To be continued Figure 20 As shown, a specific embodiment of the rail grinding dust cleaning device and operation method of this application is given. The application will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0030] Example 1 As attached Figure 1 and appendix Figure 2As shown, an embodiment of a rail grinding dust cleaning device 3 based on the method of this application specifically includes: a dust removal and filtration device 6 and a blower air source 9 installed on the vehicle body 1, and a blower-suction device 4, a magnetic suction device 5, and a suspension movement mechanism 7 installed under the vehicle body 1. The blower-suction device 4 is arranged in front of and behind the magnetic suction device 5 along the working direction. The blower-suction device 4 and the magnetic suction device 5 can be raised, lowered, moved laterally (optional function), and locked by the suspension movement mechanism 7. During operation, the blower-suction device 4 and the magnetic suction device 5 are lowered to a low position by the suspension movement mechanism 7. During loading, the blower-suction device 4 and the magnetic suction device 5 are raised to a high position and locked by the suspension movement mechanism 7. The air inlet of the dust removal and filtration device 6 is connected to the dust collection port 16 at the top of the blower-suction device 4 through a suction pipe 28 to collect the dust generated during blowing. The blower air source 9 is connected to the air knife 10 inside the blower-suction device 4 through a blower pipe to provide a high-pressure air source for the air knife 10. The blowing and suction device 4 blows the dust from the area of ​​the rail 17 and fastener 18 to the working area of ​​the magnetic suction device 5, while simultaneously sucking in the dust blown up by the dust removal and filtration device 6 and filtering and collecting it. The magnetic suction device 5 collects the dust located in the track bed 20 area after being blown by the wind.

[0031] As attached Figure 10 As shown, a suction duct 28 is provided on the upper part of the dust collection hood 33, and the dust collection hood 33 is connected to the corrugated pipe of the suction duct 28 via a flange. Because the blowing speed of the air knife 10 and the operating speed are superimposed, and the streamline moves forward relative to the stationary ground, the air outlet of the dust collection hood 33 is positioned at the front end in the traveling direction. The dust collection hood 33 meets the clearance requirements, is located above the track surface 14, and a soft curtain (i.e., soft curtain 15) is fixed at its lower end to ensure the internal sealing of the dust collection hood 33 and reduce dust generated by the air knife 10.

[0032] As attached Figure 11 As shown, the blowing and suction device 4 further includes a soft curtain 15, a dust collection hood 33, and a flow guiding component 34. The soft curtain 15 is suspended around the bottom of the dust collection hood 33 to prevent dust blown up inside the dust collection hood 33 from overflowing. The suction duct 28 is located at the top of the dust collection hood 33, and the flow guiding component 34 is located inside the dust collection hood 33 to guide the airflow inside the dust collection hood 33, realizing bottom blowing and suction airflow guidance and planning the airflow path to collect the raised dust. At the same time, the flow guiding component 34 can also increase the airflow velocity from the air knife 10 to the suction port, improving the dust collection efficiency. The blowing and suction device 4 uses high-pressure air to blow iron filings and dust from the areas of the rail 17 and fastener 18 to the working area of ​​the magnetic suction device 5, where the suspended fine particles or dust are sucked in and collected by the dust removal filter device 6 to avoid generating dust.

[0033] As attached Figure 12As shown, the blowing and suction device 4 also includes an air knife mounting bracket 35, through which the air knife 10 is mounted inside the dust collection hood 33. The air knife 10 includes a side air knife 36, a rail top air knife 37, a central air knife 38, a rail top air knife 39, and a side air knife 40. The height and deflection angle of the air knife 10 can be adjusted through the air knife mounting bracket 35. The blowing air source 9 serves as the power input to deliver gas to the air knife 10 through the blowing pipe. The gas is blown out evenly and at high speed through the narrow outlet of the air knife 10 and draws in ambient air to form an impact air curtain. The airflow formed by the action of the air knife 10 sweeps away the residual dust and iron filings at the position of the track bed 20. The rail top air knife 37, the central air knife 38, and the rail top air knife 39 are arranged transversely along the rail 17, while the side air knife 36 and the side air knife 40 are arranged longitudinally on the left and right sides of the dust collection hood 33 along the rail 17. Side air blades 36 and 40 blow dust from the outside of the rail 17 to the center of the track bed 20 inside the rail 17. Rail top air blades 37 and 39 blow dust from the surface of the rail 17, the fasteners 18, and the area of ​​the rail support platform 19 away from that area, and work in conjunction with side air blades 36 and 40 to blow dust to the center of the track bed 20. The central air blade 38 blows light non-metallic dust off the surface of the track bed 20 and raises it, which is then collected by the negative pressure airflow of the blowing and suction device 4 through the suction pipe 28 and sent to the dust removal and filtration device 6.

[0034] As attached Figure 9 and appendix Figure 13 As shown, the blowing and suction device 4 further adopts a scissor lift structure and includes a top frame 21, a lifting drive mechanism 22, a movable shaft 23, a fixed base 24, an anti-derailment chain 25, a lifting frame 26, and scissor plates 27. The top frame 21 is mounted on the magnetic frame 31 via the fixed base 24, and the fixed end of the lifting drive mechanism 22 (which can specifically be a lifting cylinder) is set on the top frame 21. The two scissor plates 27 are cross-hinged between the top frame 21 and the dust collection hood 33 via hinge seats 29, and the scissor plates 27 are rotatably connected to each other via the fixed shaft 32. The movable end of the lifting drive mechanism 22 is connected to the limiting hole of the hinge seat 29 via the movable shaft 23. The lifting drive mechanism 22 pulls the movable shaft 23 to move, thereby driving the scissor plates 27 to rotate around the fixed shaft 23, thereby realizing the lifting and lowering of the dust collection hood 33. The sliding stroke of the movable shaft 23 is controlled by the limiting hole, thereby adjusting the lifting and lowering stroke of the dust collection hood 33. The anti-detachment chain 25 is connected between the top frame 21 and the dust collection hood 33.

[0035] The magnetic suction device 5 further includes a magnetic suction frame 31, and the suspension motion mechanism 7 further includes a suspension locking mechanism 30. The blowing and suction device 4 is installed on the magnetic suction frame 31. The blowing and suction device 4 moves up and down with the magnetic suction device 5 through the suspension locking mechanism 30. At the same time, the blowing and suction device 4 can perform a secondary lifting and lowering movement relative to the magnetic suction frame 31 to further reduce the distance between the (blowing and suction) air knife and soft curtain 15 and the track plate, forming a closed flow field space as much as possible, reducing dust generated by blowing, and improving the blowing and suction effect. The air knife 10 blows away the grinding iron filings and iron powder attached to the rail 17 and fastener 18 within the working range to the inner side of the rail 17, and makes the iron powder and small iron filings float and be adsorbed and collected by the dust removal filter device 6.

[0036] As attached Figure 17 As shown, the magnetic attraction device 5 also includes a main electromagnet 11, an auxiliary electromagnet 12, a hopper 13, a frame 31, a roller 53, a belt 54, a driven wheel 55, a tensioning mechanism 56, and a driving wheel 57. (See attached diagram) Figure 4 As shown, both the main electromagnet 11 and the auxiliary electromagnet 12 are mounted on the magnetic frame 31. Each set of electromagnets includes a central magnet and two side magnets. The top of the rail 17 is a magnetless area. The electromagnets are plate-type electromagnets, with the magnetic poles arranged in the front-rear direction of the rail 17. (See attached diagram.) Figure 15 and appendix Figure 16 As shown, the magnetic frame 31 is further constructed from welded steel profiles, including crossbeams 42 at both ends and longitudinal beams 41 on both sides as the main load-bearing structure. A main magnetic system mounting beam and an auxiliary magnetic system mounting beam are installed in the middle to fix the electromagnet body structure. A belt 54 is positioned around the outer periphery of the main electromagnet 11 and the auxiliary electromagnet 12, and is fitted onto the idler roller 53, driven wheel 55, and driving wheel 57. (See attached diagram) Figure 3 As shown, the collection hopper 13 is located near the belt 54, and tensioning mechanisms 56 are provided on both sides of the driven wheel 55 for tensioning and replacing the belt 54. The magnetic attraction device 5 uses the strong magnetic field generated by the main electromagnet 11 and the auxiliary electromagnet 12 to magnetize and attract the particulate iron filings and large pieces of iron slag in the area below the magnetic attraction device 5 to the belt 54, and then convey them to the non-magnetic area above the collection hopper 13 through the belt 54, where they fall into the collection hopper 13 under the action of gravity. The blowing and suction device 4 and the magnetic attraction device 5 work together to clean the residual iron filings, dust, and fallen large pieces of iron slag on the track bed 20 after the grinding operation, without generating dust.

[0037] The dust remaining on the track bed 20 mainly consists of iron dust and a small amount of lumpy iron slag. This type of dust is magnetized by an electromagnet and attracted to the electromagnet for collection. However, the areas around rails 17 and fasteners 18 are magnetized by the magnetic field, making it impossible for the electromagnet to attract dust in their vicinity. Their effective working area is shown in the attached figure. Figure 5 and appendix Figure 6 As shown in Figure A.

[0038] The blowing and suction device 4 is equipped with a high-pressure blowing nozzle (i.e., air knife 10) to blow away the grinding iron filings and powder adhering to the rail 17 and fastener 18 within the working area to the inner side of the rail 17, and to make the iron powder and small iron filings float and be collected by negative pressure adsorption. The cleaning area is as follows. Figure 7 As shown in Figure B. The blowing and suction device 4 compensates for the lateral offset in the curved section by shifting laterally, ensuring the overall effective working width in both straight and curved sections. (See attached figure.) Figure 8 The area shown in A+B represents the coverage of the blowing / suction device 4 and the magnetic suction device 5.

[0039] As attached Figure 14 As shown, the dust removal and filtration device 6 further includes a fan 43, an air outlet 44, a filter box 45, a settling box 46, an air intake duct 47, a dust removal device 48, and a filter cartridge 58. The dust removal and filtration device 6 filters the dust-laden air drawn into the air intake duct 47 by the blowing and suction device 4, and discharges clean air that meets emission standards into the atmosphere. The dust removal device 48 is located at the bottom of the filter box 45 and the settling box 46, and is used to collect and concentrate dust in the dust removal device 48. During maintenance, the dust is discharged outside the vehicle through the dust removal port by an electric screw conveyor. The settling box 46 is mainly used to settle airborne dust particles through gravity and centrifugal force, thereby reducing the pressure in the filter box 45, preventing high-concentration dust from damaging the filter cartridge 58, and maintaining stable ventilation resistance. The air outlet 44 connects to the filter box 45. A negative pressure is created inside the filter box 45 under the action of the fan 43. The suction duct 47 connects the settling box 46 to the dust collection port 16 at the top of the blowing and suction device 4, allowing the negative pressure inside the dust removal filter device 6 to be transferred to the blowing and suction device 4. The top of the blowing and suction device 4 transports dust-laden air to the settling box 46 of the vehicle's dust removal filter device 6 via a corrugated pipe. The dust-laden air from the suction duct 47 first enters the settling box 46 and settles due to gravity and centrifugal force. The filter box 45 performs secondary treatment on the settled air, using a filter cartridge 58 inside the filter box 45 to intercept and filter any remaining dust in the air to meet emission requirements.

[0040] The suspension mechanism 7 also includes a lifting drive mechanism 59 disposed between the bottom of the vehicle body 1 and the magnetic frame 31. (See attached diagram) Figure 17As shown, the suspension locking mechanism 30 further includes a suspension locking drive mechanism 49, a suspension locking seat 50, a suspension locking pin 51, a suspension lug 52, and a suspension support seat 60. The suspension support seat 60 is located below the vehicle body 1 and is used to fix the magnetic suction device 5 during suspension locking. The suspension lug 52 is fixed to the magnetic suction frame 31, and the suspension locking seat is connected and fixed to the vehicle body 1. The movable end of the suspension locking drive mechanism 49 (which can specifically be a suspension locking cylinder) is connected to the suspension locking pin 51. The suspension locking pin 51 is inserted and locked or pulled out and opened by the extension and retraction movement of the suspension locking drive mechanism 49. Before the suspension locking pin 51 is inserted, the magnetic suction device 5 is raised to a high position by the lifting drive mechanism 59 (which can specifically be a lifting cylinder), and the suspension lug 52 coincides with the hole of the suspension locking seat 50. At this time, the suspension locking pin 51 is pushed in by the suspension locking drive mechanism 49, the lifting drive mechanism 59 releases the lifting force, and the magnetic suction device 5 is suspended above the suspension locking seat 50 by the suspension lug 52. Before pulling out the suspension locking pin 51, the magnetic suction device 5 is lifted by the lifting drive mechanism 59, so that a certain gap is created between the suspension locking pin 51 and the suspension lug 52. The suspension locking pin 51 is then pulled out by the suspension locking drive mechanism 49, and then the magnetic suction device 5 is lowered to a low position by the lifting drive mechanism 59 to start the operation.

[0041] Example 2 As attached Figure 1 and appendix Figure 2 As shown, an embodiment of a dust cleaning vehicle 300 based on the method of this application specifically includes: an electrical control cabinet 8 mounted on the vehicle body 1, and a rail grinding dust cleaning device 3 as described in Embodiment 1. The electrical control cabinet 8 provides DC power to the main electromagnet 11 and auxiliary electromagnet 12, controls the opening and closing of the main electromagnet 11 and auxiliary electromagnet 12, and controls the opening and closing of the belt 54. The electrical control cabinet 8 provides power to the dust removal and filtration device 6, and controls the opening and closing of the dust removal and filtration device 6. The electrical control cabinet 8 provides power to the blower source 9, and controls the opening and closing of the blower source 9. The electrical control cabinet 8 provides power to the lifting drive mechanism 59, and controls the lifting drive mechanism 59 to achieve the overall lifting and lowering of the blowing and suction device 4 and the magnetic suction device 5. The electrical control cabinet 8 provides power to the lifting drive mechanism 22, and controls the lifting drive mechanism 22 to achieve the lifting and lowering of the blowing and suction device 4. The electrical control cabinet 8 provides power to the suspension locking drive mechanism 49, and controls the suspension locking drive mechanism 49 to achieve the locking and unlocking of the suspension locking mechanism 30.

[0042] The rail grinding dust cleaning device 3 adopts a combined blowing and suction and magnetic suction structure, and can achieve bidirectional operation. During operation, the front blowing and suction device 4 is turned on, and the rear blowing and suction device 4 is turned off, realizing the process of blowing first and then magnetic suction.

[0043] Example 3 As attached Figure 18 and appendix Figure 19 As shown, an embodiment of a rail grinding operation train based on the method of this application proposes a more adaptable and efficient mechanized cleaning equipment for removing dust left on the track bed during rail grinding of ballastless tracks inside and outside tunnels. The rail grinding operation train specifically includes: a dust cleaning vehicle 300 as described in Embodiment 1, a tractor 200, and two or more grinding operation vehicles 100. The dust cleaning vehicle 300 is arranged at the front and / or rear end of the rail grinding operation train, or between the tractor 200 and the grinding operation vehicles 100.

[0044] During rail grinding operations, the train employs reciprocating multiple grinding passes. Depending on the train's direction of travel, the electrical control cabinet 8 automatically activates the blowing and suction device 4 and the magnetic suction device 5 located at the front end of the working direction, and deactivates the blowing and suction device 4 located at the rear end. During grinding operations, the rail grinding dust cleaning device 3 is activated for each grinding pass, or only during the final grinding pass, or performed as a final dust cleaning operation after multiple grinding passes.

[0045] The rail grinding dust cleaning device 3 is integrated and installed on the rail grinding operation train in this embodiment. It can effectively clean the residual small iron particles, iron-containing dust, iron pieces and iron filings that have fallen off the track bed after the rail grinding operation on ballastless tracks. It can also clean other objects that can be attracted by magnets that have fallen on the track. During the grinding operation, the dust cleaning vehicle 300 can work simultaneously with the grinding operation vehicle 100.

[0046] Example 4 As attached Figure 20 As shown, an embodiment of the rail grinding dust cleaning method of this application based on the device described in Embodiment 1 specifically includes the following steps: When the dust removal vehicle 300 is operating, the blowing and suction device 4, which is positioned at the front end of the magnetic suction device 5 along the working direction, is activated. The blowing and suction device 4 blows the dust from the area of ​​the rail 17 and fastener 18 to the working area of ​​the magnetic suction device 5 (that is, blows the dust outside the magnetic suction range to the center of the track bed 20), while simultaneously sucking in the dust blown up by the dust removal and filtration device 6 and filtering and collecting it. The blowing and suction device 4 is also equipped with negative pressure adsorption and dust removal and filtration functions to collect the dust generated by the wind, avoiding atmospheric dust pollution, and can also collect other non-ferrous light dust. The magnetic suction device 5 collects the dust located in the area of ​​the track bed 20 after being blown by the wind.

[0047] The vehicle is equipped with two sets of blowing and suction devices 4 and one set of magnetic suction devices 5, with the magnetic suction device 5 in the middle and one set of blowing and suction devices 4 at the front and rear, symmetrically arranged along the working direction. Blowing and suction devices 4 are located at both the front and rear ends of the magnetic suction device 5 along the working direction to enable bidirectional operation of the dust cleaning truck 300. During operation, the front and rear blowing and suction functions can be activated simultaneously or at one end, preferably only the front blowing and suction function. During operation, the front blowing and suction device 4 is activated, while the rear blowing and suction device 4 is deactivated, achieving a process of blowing and then magnetic suction.

[0048] The dust removal vehicle 300 is coupled with the tractor 200 and two or more grinding vehicles 100 to form a rail grinding work train. The dust removal vehicle 300 is positioned at the front and / or rear of the rail grinding work train, or between the tractor 200 and the grinding vehicles 100. During operation, the rail grinding work train employs reciprocating multiple grinding passes. The electrical control cabinet 8 automatically activates the blowing and suction device 4 and the magnetic suction device 5 located at the front of the work direction according to the train's running direction, and deactivates the blowing and suction device 4 located at the rear. This method can be carried out simultaneously with the grinding work train's operation. During grinding operations, the rail grinding dust removal device 3 can be activated for each grinding pass, or only activated during the final grinding pass, or the dust removal operation can be performed during the final grinding pass after multiple grinding passes have been completed.

[0049] The rail grinding dust cleaning device 3 also includes a dust removal and filtration device 6 installed on the car body 1. The suction port of the dust removal and filtration device 6 is connected to the dust collection port 16 on the top of the blowing and suction device 4 through a suction pipe 28 to collect the dust generated during blowing. The rail grinding dust cleaning device 3 also includes a blowing air source 9 installed on the car body 1. The blowing air source 9 is connected to the air knife 10 inside the blowing and suction device 4 through a blowing pipe to provide a high-pressure air source for the air knife 10.

[0050] The blowing and suction device 4 further includes a soft curtain 15 and a dust collection hood 33. The soft curtain 15 is suspended around the bottom of the dust collection hood 33 to prevent dust blown up inside the dust collection hood 33 from overflowing. The suction duct 28 is set at the upper part of the dust collection hood 33, and a guide component 34 is set inside the dust collection hood 33 to guide the airflow inside the dust collection hood 33 in order to collect the raised dust.

[0051] The air knife 10 is installed inside the dust collection hood 33 via the air knife mounting bracket 35. The air knife 10 includes a side air knife 36, a rail top air knife 37, a central air knife 38, a rail top air knife 39, and a side air knife 40. The height and deflection angle of the air knife 10 are adjusted via the air knife mounting bracket 35, and the air source 9 is used as the power input to deliver gas to the air knife 10 through the air blowing pipe. When the dust cleaning vehicle 300 is operating, the gas is blown out evenly and at high speed through the narrow outlet of the air knife 10 and draws in ambient air to form an impact air curtain. The airflow formed by the action of the air knife 10 sweeps away the residual dust and iron filings at the position of the track bed 20. The rail top air knife 37, the central air knife 38, and the rail top air knife 39 are arranged transversely along the rail 17, and the side air knife 36 and the side air knife 40 are arranged longitudinally on the left and right sides of the dust collection hood 33 along the rail 17. Side air blades 36 and 40 blow dust from the outside of the rail 17 to the center of the track bed 20 inside the rail 17. Rail top air blades 37 and 39 blow dust from the surface of the rail 17, the fasteners 18, and the area of ​​the rail support platform 19 away from that area, and work in conjunction with side air blades 36 and 40 to blow dust to the center of the track bed 20. The central air blade 38 blows light non-metallic dust off the surface of the track bed 20 and raises it, which is then collected by the negative pressure airflow of the blowing and suction device 4 through the suction pipe 28 and sent to the dust removal and filtration device 6.

[0052] A suspension mechanism 7 is installed between the vehicle body 1 and the blowing and suction device 4 and the magnetic suction device 5. When the dust cleaning truck 300 is in operation, the blowing and suction device 4 and the magnetic suction device 5 are lowered to a low position via the suspension mechanism 7. When the dust cleaning truck 300 is being transported, the blowing and suction device 4 and the magnetic suction device 5 are raised to a high position and locked via the suspension mechanism 7.

[0053] The magnetic suction device 5 further includes a magnetic suction frame 31, and the suspension movement mechanism 7 includes a suspension locking mechanism 30. The blowing and suction device 4 is installed on the magnetic suction frame 31. The blowing and suction device 4 moves up and down with the magnetic suction device 5 through the suspension locking mechanism 30, and can also move up and down relative to the magnetic suction frame 31. The air knife 10 blows the grinding iron filings and iron powder adhering to the rail 17 and fastener 18 within the working range to the inside of the rail 17, and makes the iron powder and small iron filings float and be adsorbed and collected by the dust removal and filtration device 6.

[0054] The magnetic attraction device 5 further includes a main electromagnet 11, an auxiliary electromagnet 12, a hopper 13, a frame 31, a roller 53, a belt 54, a driven wheel 55, a tensioning mechanism 56, and a driving wheel 57. The main electromagnet 11 and the auxiliary electromagnet 12 are mounted on the magnetic frame 31. Both the main electromagnet 11 and the auxiliary electromagnet 12 include three sets of electromagnets: a central magnet and two side magnets. The top of the rail 17 is a magnetless area. The belt 54 is positioned around the main electromagnet 11 and the auxiliary electromagnet 12, and is fitted onto the roller 53, the driven wheel 55, and the driving wheel 57. The hopper 13 is positioned close to the belt 54. Tensioning mechanisms 56 are located on the left and right sides of the driven wheel 55 for tensioning and replacing the belt 54. When the dust removal vehicle 300 is in operation, the magnetic attraction device 5 uses the magnetic field generated by the main electromagnet 11 and the auxiliary electromagnet 12 to magnetize and attract the granular iron filings and large iron slag in the area below the magnetic attraction device 5 to the belt 54, and then convey them to the non-magnetic area above the collection hopper 13 through the belt 54, where they fall into the collection hopper 13 under the action of gravity.

[0055] The dust removal and filtration device 6 further includes a fan 43, an air outlet 44, a filter box 45, a settling box 46, and a suction duct 47. A dust discharge device 48 is installed at the bottom of the filter box 45 and the settling box 46, connecting the air outlet 44 to the filter box 45. The settling box 46 is connected to the dust collection port 16 at the top of the suction device 4 via the suction duct 47. During operation of the dust removal vehicle 300, a negative pressure is formed inside the filter box 45 under the action of the fan 43, which is then transmitted to the suction device 4. The dust-laden air from the suction duct 47 first enters the settling box 46 and settles due to gravity and centrifugal force. The filter box 45 then performs secondary treatment on the settled air, filtering out any remaining dust through the filter cartridge 58 located inside the filter box 45. The dust removal and filtration device 6 filters the dust-laden air drawn into the suction duct 47 by the blowing and suction device 4, and discharges the clean air that meets the emission standards into the atmosphere. The dust is collected and concentrated in the ash discharge device 48 and discharged through the ash discharge port.

[0056] The suspension mechanism 7 includes a lifting drive mechanism 59 disposed between the bottom of the vehicle body 1 and the magnetic frame 31. The suspension locking mechanism 30 includes a suspension locking drive mechanism 49, a suspension locking seat 50, a suspension locking pin 51, a suspension lug 52, and a suspension support seat 60. The suspension support seat 60 is disposed below the vehicle body 1 and is used to fix the magnetic device 5 during suspension locking. The suspension lug 52 is fixed to the magnetic frame 31, and the suspension locking seat is connected and fixed to the vehicle body 1. The movable end of the suspension locking drive mechanism 49 is connected to the suspension locking pin 51. The suspension locking pin 51 is inserted and locked or pulled out and opened by the telescopic movement of the suspension locking drive mechanism 49. Before the suspension locking pin 51 is inserted, the magnetic device 5 is raised to a high position by the lifting drive mechanism 59, and the suspension lug 52 coincides with the hole of the suspension locking seat 50. At this time, the suspension locking pin 51 is pushed in by the suspension locking drive mechanism 49, the lifting drive mechanism 59 releases the lifting force, and the magnetic device 5 is suspended above the suspension locking seat 50 by the suspension lug 52. Before pulling out the suspension locking pin 51, the magnetic suction device 5 is lifted by the lifting drive mechanism 59, so that a certain gap is created between the suspension locking pin 51 and the suspension lug 52. The suspension locking pin 51 is then pulled out by the suspension locking drive mechanism 49, and then the magnetic suction device 5 is lowered to a low position by the lifting drive mechanism 59 to start the operation.

[0057] The blowing and suction device 4 adopts a scissor lift structure and further includes a top frame 21, a lifting drive mechanism 22, a movable shaft 23, a fixed base 24, a lifting frame 26, and scissor plates 27. The top frame 21 is mounted on the magnetic frame 31 via the fixed base 24, and the fixed end of the lifting drive mechanism 22 is set on the top frame 21. Two scissor plates 27 are cross-hinged between the top frame 21 and the dust collection hood 33 via hinge seats 29, and the scissor plates 27 are rotatably connected to each other via the fixed shaft 32. The movable end of the lifting drive mechanism 22 is connected to the limiting hole of the hinge seat 29 via the movable shaft 23. The lifting drive mechanism 22 pulls the movable shaft 23 to move, thereby causing the scissor plates 27 to rotate around the fixed shaft 23, thus realizing the lifting and lowering of the dust collection hood 33. The sliding stroke of the movable shaft 23 is controlled by the limiting hole, thereby adjusting the lifting and lowering stroke of the dust collection hood 33. An anti-detachment chain 25 is connected between the top frame 21 and the dust collection hood 33.

[0058] When the dust cleaning vehicle 300 is in operation, the electrical control cabinet 8 provides DC power to the main electromagnet 11 and auxiliary electromagnet 12, controls the opening and closing of the main electromagnet 11 and auxiliary electromagnet 12, and controls the opening and closing of the belt 54. The electrical control cabinet 8 provides power to the dust removal and filtration device 6, and controls the opening and closing of the dust removal and filtration device 6. The electrical control cabinet 8 provides power to the blower source 9, and controls the opening and closing of the blower source 9. The electrical control cabinet 8 provides power to the lifting drive mechanism 59, and controls the lifting drive mechanism 59 to achieve the overall lifting and lowering of the blowing and suction device 4 and the magnetic suction device 5. The electrical control cabinet 8 provides power to the lifting drive mechanism 22, and controls the lifting drive mechanism 22 to achieve the lifting and lowering of the blowing and suction device 4. The electrical control cabinet 8 provides power to the suspension locking drive mechanism 49, and controls the suspension locking drive mechanism 49 to achieve the locking and unlocking of the suspension locking mechanism 30.

[0059] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "an embodiment," "example," "specific example," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0060] In the description of this application, it should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another element, it can be directly set on the other element or indirectly set on the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or indirectly connected to the other element.

[0061] It should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", and "outer" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0062] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" or "several" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0063] It should be noted that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc., shown in the accompanying drawings of this specification are only used to complement the content disclosed in the specification for those skilled in the art to understand and read, and are not intended to limit the conditions under which this application can be implemented. Therefore, they have no substantial technical significance. Any modifications to the structure, changes in the proportions, or adjustments to the size, without affecting the effects and purposes that this application can produce, should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed in this application.

[0064] By implementing the technical solution of the rail grinding dust cleaning device and operation method described in the specific embodiments of this application, the following technical effects can be achieved: (1) The rail grinding dust cleaning device and operation method described in the specific embodiments of this application can avoid secondary dust generation during tunnel cleaning operations, and greatly improve the cleaning operation effect; (2) The rail grinding dust cleaning device and operation method described in the specific embodiments of this application have high train integration, simple construction organization, less time occupied during maintenance windows, and greatly improve grinding operation efficiency. (3) The rail grinding dust cleaning device and operation method described in the specific embodiments of this application have the function of cleaning block iron filings on the train, which is highly practical and greatly improves the safety of operation and track. (4) The rail grinding dust cleaning device and operation method described in the specific embodiments of this application greatly reduce the magnetization of the rail by the magnetic attraction device, ensure the safe operation of the locomotive, and at the same time fully avoid the large magnetic attraction force additional load on the rail, thereby improving the stability of the whole vehicle operation.

[0065] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0066] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application in any way. Although this application has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit this application. Any person skilled in the art can make many possible variations and modifications to the technical solutions of this application using the methods and techniques disclosed above, or modify them into equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes, without departing from the spirit and technical essence of this application. Therefore, any simple modifications, equivalent substitutions, equivalent changes, and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of this application without departing from the content of the technical solutions of this application shall still fall within the protection scope of the technical solutions of this application.

Claims

1. A device for cleaning dust from rail grinding, characterized in that, include: A dust removal and filtration device (6) and a blower source (9) are installed on the vehicle body (1), and a blower-suction device (4), a magnetic suction device (5), and a suspension mechanism (7) are installed under the vehicle body (1); the blower-suction device (4) is arranged in front of and behind the magnetic suction device (5) along the working direction, and the blower-suction device (4) and the magnetic suction device (5) can be raised and lowered by the suspension mechanism (7); during operation, the blower-suction device (4) and the magnetic suction device (5) are suspended by the suspension mechanism (7). 7) Lower to a low position; during hanging, the blowing and suction device (4) and the magnetic suction device (5) are raised to a high position and locked through the suspension movement mechanism (7); the air inlet of the dust removal and filtration device (6) is connected to the dust collection port (16) at the top of the blowing and suction device (4) through the air suction pipe (28) to collect the dust generated during blowing; the blowing air source (9) is connected to the air knife (10) inside the blowing and suction device (4) through the blowing pipe to provide a high-pressure air source for the air knife (10).

2. A method for cleaning rail grinding dust based on the device described in claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: When the dust removal vehicle (300) is in operation, the blowing and suction device (4) arranged at the front end of the magnetic suction device (5) along the working direction is turned on; the blowing and suction device (4) blows the dust in the area of ​​the rail (17) and fastener (18) to the working area of ​​the magnetic suction device (5), and at the same time sucks in the dust blown by the dust removal filter device (6) and filters and collects it; the magnetic suction device (5) collects the dust located in the track bed (20) area after being blown by the wind.

3. The method for cleaning rail grinding dust according to claim 2, characterized in that: A blow-suction device (4) is provided at both the front and rear ends of the magnetic suction device (5) along the working direction to realize bidirectional operation of the dust cleaning vehicle (300); during operation, the blow-suction device (4) at the front end is turned on and the blow-suction device (4) at the rear end is turned off, realizing the operation process of blowing and then magnetic suction.

4. The method for cleaning rail grinding dust according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The dust cleaning vehicle (300) is connected to the tractor (200) and two or more grinding vehicles (100) to form a rail grinding operation train; the dust cleaning vehicle (300) is arranged at the front end and / or the rear end of the rail grinding operation train, or between the tractor (200) and the grinding vehicle (100); the rail grinding operation train uses reciprocating multiple grinding operations, and the electrical control cabinet (8) automatically turns on the blowing and suction device (4) and the magnetic suction device (5) located at the front end of the operation direction according to the train running direction, and turns off the blowing and suction device (4) located at the rear end; when the grinding operation is carried out, the rail grinding dust cleaning device (3) is turned on for each grinding operation, or the dust cleaning operation is turned on only during the last grinding operation, or the dust cleaning operation is carried out in the last grinding operation after multiple grinding operations are completed.

5. The method for cleaning rail grinding dust according to claim 4, characterized in that: The blowing and suction device (4) includes a soft curtain (15) and a dust collection hood (33). The soft curtain (15) is suspended around the bottom of the dust collection hood (33) to prevent dust blown up inside the dust collection hood (33) from overflowing. The suction pipe (28) is set at the upper part of the dust collection hood (33). A flow guide component (34) is set inside the dust collection hood (33) to guide the airflow inside the dust collection hood (33) so as to collect the dust that is raised.

6. The method for cleaning rail grinding dust according to claim 5, characterized in that: The rail grinding dust cleaning device (3) also includes a dust removal filter device (6) installed on the car body (1). The air inlet of the dust removal filter device (6) is connected to the dust collection port (16) at the top of the blowing and suction device (4) through the air suction pipe (28) to collect the dust generated during blowing. The rail grinding dust cleaning device (3) also includes a blowing air source (9) installed on the car body (1). The blowing air source (9) is connected to the air knife (10) inside the blowing and suction device (4) through the blowing pipe to provide a high-pressure air source for the air knife (10).

7. The method for cleaning up rail grinding dust according to claim 6, characterized in that: The air knife (10) is installed inside the dust collection hood (33) via the air knife mounting bracket (35); the air knife (10) includes a side air knife one (36), a rail top air knife one (37), a central air knife (38), a rail top air knife two (39), and a side air knife two (40); the height and deflection angle of the air knife (10) are adjusted by the air knife mounting bracket (35), and the air source (9) is used as the power input to transport the gas to the air knife (10) through the air pipe; when the dust cleaning vehicle (300) is operating, the gas is blown out evenly and at high speed through the narrow outlet of the air knife (10) and the ambient air is drawn to form an impact air curtain, and the airflow formed by the action of the air knife (10) blows away the residual dust and iron filings at the position of the track bed (20); the rail top air knife one (37), the central air knife (38), and the rail top air knife two (39) are respectively along the rail (17) is arranged laterally, with the side air knife one (36) and the side air knife two (40) arranged longitudinally on the left and right sides of the dust collection hood (33) along the rail (17); the side air knife one (36) and the side air knife two (40) blow the dust on the outside of the rail (17) to the center of the track bed (20) on the inside of the rail (17); the rail top air knife one (37) and the rail top air knife two (39) blow the dust off the surface of the rail (17), the fastener (18), and the area of ​​the rail support platform (19) away from the area, and cooperate with the side air knife one (36) and the side air knife two (40) to blow the dust to the center of the track bed (20); the central air knife (38) blows the light non-metallic dust on the track bed (20) away from the surface of the track bed (20) and raises it, and collects it to the dust removal and filtration device (6) through the negative pressure airflow of the blowing and suction device (4) via the suction pipe (28).

8. The method for cleaning rail grinding dust according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that: The dust removal and filtration device (6) includes a fan (43), an air outlet (44), a filter box (45), a settling box (46), and a suction pipe (47); a dust discharge device (48) is installed at the bottom of the filter box (45) and the settling box (46) to connect the air outlet (44) to the filter box (45); the settling box (46) is connected to the dust collection port (16) at the top of the blowing and suction device (4) through the suction pipe (47); when the dust cleaning vehicle (300) is operating, a negative pressure is formed inside the filter box (45) under the action of the fan (43), so that the negative pressure inside the dust removal and filtration device (6) is reduced. The dust-laden air from the suction pipe (47) first enters the settling box (46) and settles by gravity and centrifugal force. The filter box (45) performs secondary treatment on the air settled in the settling box (46). The filter cartridge (58) inside the filter box (45) filters the remaining dust in the air. The dust removal and filtration device (6) filters the dust-laden air drawn into the suction pipe (47) by the suction device (4). The clean air that meets the emission standards is discharged into the atmosphere. The dust is collected and concentrated in the ash discharge device (48) and discharged through the ash discharge port.

9. The method for cleaning up rail grinding dust according to claim 8, characterized in that: A suspension mechanism (7) is provided between the vehicle body (1) and the blowing and suction device (4) and the magnetic suction device (5); when the dust cleaning vehicle (300) is in operation, the blowing and suction device (4) and the magnetic suction device (5) are lowered to a low position through the suspension mechanism (7); when the dust cleaning vehicle (300) is being transported, the blowing and suction device (4) and the magnetic suction device (5) are raised to a high position and locked through the suspension mechanism (7).

10. The method for cleaning rail grinding dust according to claim 9, characterized in that: The magnetic suction device (5) includes a magnetic suction frame (31), and the suspension movement mechanism (7) includes a suspension locking mechanism (30). The blowing and suction device (4) is installed on the magnetic suction frame (31). The blowing and suction device (4) moves up and down with the magnetic suction device (5) through the suspension locking mechanism (30). At the same time, the blowing and suction device (4) can move up and down again relative to the magnetic suction frame (31). The grinding iron filings and iron powder attached to the rail (17) and fastener (18) within the working range are blown away to the inside of the rail (17) by the air knife (10), and the iron powder and small iron filings float and are adsorbed and collected by the dust removal and filtration device (6).

11. The method for cleaning rail grinding dust according to claim 10, characterized in that: The suspension movement mechanism (7) includes a lifting drive mechanism (59) disposed between the bottom of the vehicle body (1) and the magnetic frame (31); the suspension locking mechanism (30) includes a suspension locking drive mechanism (49), a suspension locking seat (50), a suspension locking pin (51), a suspension lug (52), and a suspension support seat (60); the suspension support seat (60) is disposed below the vehicle body (1) and is used to fix the magnetic device (5) when the suspension is locked; the suspension lug (52) is fixed to the magnetic frame (31), and the suspension locking seat is connected and fixed to the vehicle body (1); the movable end of the suspension locking drive mechanism (49) is connected to the suspension locking pin (51), and the suspension locking pin (51) is inserted to lock or pulled out to open the suspension locking seat (50) through the extension and retraction movement of the suspension locking drive mechanism (49). Before the suspension locking pin (51) is inserted, the magnetic suction device (5) is raised to a high position by the lifting drive mechanism (59), and the suspension lug (52) coincides with the hole of the suspension locking seat (50). At this time, the suspension locking pin (51) is pushed in by the suspension locking drive mechanism (49), and the lifting drive mechanism (59) releases the lifting force. The magnetic suction device (5) is suspended above the suspension locking seat (50) by the suspension lug (52). Before the suspension locking pin (51) is pulled out, the magnetic suction device (5) is first lifted by the lifting drive mechanism (59) so that a certain gap is generated between the suspension locking pin (51) and the suspension lug (52). The suspension locking pin (51) is pulled out by the suspension locking drive mechanism (49), and then the magnetic suction device (5) is lowered to a low position by the lifting drive mechanism (59) to start the operation.

12. The method for cleaning rail grinding dust according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that: The blowing and suction device (4) adopts a scissor lift structure and includes a top frame (21), a lifting drive mechanism (22), a movable shaft (23), a fixed seat (24), a lifting frame (26), and scissor plates (27). The top frame (21) is installed on the magnetic frame (31) through the fixed seat (24), and the fixed end of the lifting drive mechanism (22) is set on the top frame (21). The two scissor plates (27) are cross-hinged between the top frame (21) and the dust collection hood (33) through the hinge seat (29). The two are rotatably connected by a fixed shaft (32); the movable end of the lifting drive mechanism (22) is connected to the limiting hole of the hinge seat (29) by a movable shaft (23); the lifting drive mechanism (22) pulls the movable shaft (23) to move, thereby driving the scissor plate (27) to rotate around the fixed shaft (23), thereby realizing the lifting and lowering of the dust collection hood (33); the sliding stroke of the movable shaft (23) is controlled by the limiting hole, thereby adjusting the lifting and lowering stroke of the dust collection hood (33); the anti-detachment chain (25) is connected between the top frame (21) and the dust collection hood (33).

13. The method for cleaning rail grinding dust according to claim 12, characterized in that: The magnetic attraction device (5) further includes a main electromagnet (11), an auxiliary electromagnet (12), a hopper (13), a frame (31), a roller (53), a belt (54), a driven wheel (55), a tensioning mechanism (56), and a driving wheel (57); the main electromagnet (11) and the auxiliary electromagnet (12) are set on the magnetic attraction frame (31), and the main electromagnet (11) and the auxiliary electromagnet (12) each include a central magnet and two side magnets, for a total of three sets of electromagnets, and the top of the rail (17) is a non-magnetic area; the belt (54) is set on the outer periphery of the main electromagnet (11) and the auxiliary electromagnet (12), and the belt (54) is fitted with The collection hopper (13) is positioned close to the belt (54) on the idler roller (53), driven wheel (55) and drive wheel (57); tensioning mechanisms (56) are provided on the left and right sides of the driven wheel (55) for tensioning and replacing the belt (54); when the dust cleaning vehicle (300) is in operation, the magnetic attraction device (5) magnetizes and attracts the granular iron filings and large iron slag in the area below the magnetic attraction device (5) to the belt (54) through the magnetic field generated by the main electromagnet (11) and auxiliary electromagnet (12), and then conveys them to the non-magnetic area above the collection hopper (13) through the belt (54), and falls into the collection hopper (13) under the action of gravity.

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