Water diversion structure for water conservancy and hydropower projects

Abstract

The application discloses a water diversion structure of a water conservancy and hydropower project and belongs to the technical field of water conservancy projects. The water diversion structure comprises a channel, a bottom plate and a limiting component. The bottom plate is arranged at the bottom of the channel and has buoyancy. The two ends of the bottom plate are respectively an upstream end and a downstream end. The upstream end is rotationally connected with the inner wall of the channel, and the downstream end is provided with a counterweight. The limiting component is arranged on the inner wall of the channel and is arranged opposite to the downstream end. The application realizes the self-adaptive cleaning of silt through the self-adaptive state switching of the bottom plate in the channel, i.e., the tilting in the water-stopping state and the horizontal state in the water-filling state. The application not only reduces the accumulation amount of silt in the channel, avoids the gradual increase of the bottom surface of the channel and the reduction of the water conveying space of the channel, and improves the water conveying capacity of the channel, but also effectively reduces the probability of the formation of a hard and compact layer of fine-grained silt due to long-time accumulation and drying. The application is especially suitable for the application in the decentralized application scenarios of small branch channels and farm channels in agricultural irrigation areas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water conservancy engineering technology, and in particular to water diversion structures for water conservancy and hydropower projects. Background Technology

[0002] In water conservancy and hydropower projects, water diversion channels are essential infrastructure for water resource allocation, farmland irrigation, and water delivery for hydropower generation. Their structural stability and water delivery efficiency directly determine the operational efficiency and service life of the water conservancy project. In traditional water diversion channel designs, the bottom of the channel typically uses a fixed concrete lining structure to prevent leakage and improve water delivery efficiency.

[0003] However, in actual use, especially in agricultural irrigation areas, existing irrigation canals are often in an intermittent state due to the crop planting cycle, alternating between long periods of no water supply and short periods of concentrated water supply. When water flows through the canal, if the flow rate slows down or stops, the silt and particles carried by the water will settle at the bottom of the canal. This not only causes the bottom of the canal to gradually rise, reducing the water conveyance space and decreasing the water conveyance capacity, but also easily forms a hardened layer of fine silt after the canal dries up due to long-term sun exposure. The hardened layer has a strong adhesion to the bottom of the canal, and in the initial stage of water intake, the low-velocity water cannot effectively erode and remove the hardened layer, thus exacerbating the problem of siltation in the canal. Ultimately, this leads to a significant decrease in the water conveyance capacity of the canal, or even blockage and inability to convey water normally.

[0004] Existing technologies primarily employ manual dredging, large-scale mechanical dredging, or the construction of flushing gates to manage siltation. Manual and mechanical dredging methods suffer from low efficiency, high maintenance costs, and disruptions to normal water flow in irrigation channels, making them unsuitable for the decentralized applications of small branch canals and irrigation ditches in agricultural irrigation areas. Furthermore, hydraulic dredging facilities like flushing gates rely on high-flow-rate water conditions for effective silt removal. Conventional hydraulic flushing methods are insufficient to effectively break down and clean the compacted layers formed during periods of intermittent water conveyance channel closures, failing to fundamentally solve the siltation problem in intermittent water conveyance channels. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main objective of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies and provide a water diversion structure for water conservancy and hydropower projects that can achieve adaptive cleaning of sediment, have low operation and maintenance costs, and improve the efficiency and stability of channel water conveyance.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a water diversion structure for a water conservancy and hydropower project, comprising a channel, a bottom plate, and a limiting component. The bottom plate is disposed at the bottom of the channel and has buoyancy. The two ends of the bottom plate are an upstream end and a downstream end, wherein the upstream end is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the channel, and the downstream end is provided with a counterweight to make the bottom plate tilted with the upstream end higher and the downstream end lower when the channel is not filled with water. The limiting component is disposed on the inner wall of the channel and is disposed opposite to the downstream end. The limiting component is used to stop the bottom plate to limit its floating position when the channel is filled with water and to keep the bottom plate horizontal.

[0007] Preferably, the system further includes an adjustment component. A groove is formed in the base plate along its extension direction. The counterweight is disposed in the groove. The adjustment component includes an adjustment rod and a cover plate. The cover plate is detachably connected to the base plate and is used to cover the opening of the groove. One end of the adjustment rod passes through the cover plate and the counterweight in sequence and is rotatably connected to the groove wall. The adjustment rod is threadedly engaged with the counterweight. The other end of the adjustment rod passes through the cover plate and has an adjustment hole.

[0008] Preferably, the base plate has a mounting groove for accommodating the cover plate, and a sealing ring is provided between the mounting groove and the cover plate.

[0009] Preferably, the top surface of the base plate has a through groove communicating with the groove, the through groove extends along the length direction of the groove, and a transparent plate is provided in the through groove for closing the through groove and displaying the position of the counterweight.

[0010] Preferably, the top surface of the base plate is provided with two flexible baffles, which are used to cover the gap between the base plate and the inner wall of the channel and abut against the limiting component.

[0011] Preferably, the limiting component includes two stop bars, which are respectively disposed on the inner walls of both sides of the channel, and the two stop bars are respectively used to abut against the two flexible baffles to stop the bottom plate.

[0012] Preferably, the limiting component further includes a plurality of support rods, the two ends of which are detachably connected to the two stop rods respectively, the plurality of support rods are spaced apart along the extension direction of the stop rods, and each of the plurality of support rods is provided with a protrusion for breaking the slab layer.

[0013] A buoyancy-induced shell-breaking method, applied to the water intake structure of a hydraulic and hydropower project as described above, includes the following steps:

[0014] S1: When the channel is in a water outage state, the bottom plate is inclined at the upstream end and the downstream end under the gravity of the counterweight. The viscous fine particles of silt carried by the water flow are deposited on the surface of the bottom plate and form a hardened layer on the bottom plate after long-term drying.

[0015] S2: In the initial stage of water diversion in the channel, the water inlet opening of the channel is controlled to form a high-speed jet. The water flows into the channel and fills the gap between the bottom plate and the bottom of the channel. Under the combined action of the water dynamic pressure and its own buoyancy, the bottom plate swings back and forth around the upstream end to achieve high-frequency oscillation and floating.

[0016] S3: During the process of the bottom plate oscillating and floating, the plated layer on its surface repeatedly collides and squeezes with the protrusion on the limiting component. The mechanical force generated by the collision and squeezing breaks the plated layer, causing the plated layer to detach from the bottom plate.

[0017] S4: Continue to fill the channel with water. Under the continuous buoyancy, the bottom plate floats to the limit position. The flexible baffle on the bottom plate abuts against the baffle of the limiting component, so that the bottom plate remains horizontal.

[0018] S5: The water flow in the channel continuously washes the surface of the bottom plate. The shattered sticky fine particles of mud and sand are discharged along the bottom plate to the outlet of the channel under the combined action of water flow and gravity sliding, thus completing the dredging and shell breaking.

[0019] Beneficial effects:

[0020] 1. The water diversion structure of this invention for water conservancy and hydropower projects achieves adaptive cleaning of silt by switching between the bottom plate's tilting when the water is stopped and its horizontal position when the water is filled. This not only reduces the amount of silt accumulated in the channel and prevents the bottom of the channel from gradually rising and reducing the water conveyance space, thus improving the channel's water conveyance capacity, but also effectively reduces the probability of fine-grained silt forming a hard, compacted layer due to long-term accumulation and drying. It is particularly suitable for decentralized application scenarios such as small branch canals and agricultural irrigation canals in agricultural irrigation areas.

[0021] 2. In the water diversion structure of the water conservancy and hydropower project of the present invention, when the channel re-enters the water-filling state for water diversion, the limiting component can stop the bottom plate, thereby keeping the bottom plate in a horizontal state in the channel. This can prevent the bottom plate from tilting and obstructing the water flow, thus ensuring the water conveyance efficiency and operational stability of the channel.

[0022] 3. In the water diversion structure of the water conservancy and hydropower project of the present invention, the bottom plate does not require any external energy or human intervention. It can switch between inclined and horizontal states by relying only on its own buoyancy and the buoyancy of the water flow, thereby significantly reducing the construction and maintenance costs of the channel. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the water diversion structure of a water conservancy and hydropower project according to an embodiment of the present invention from a first-view perspective;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the water diversion structure of a water conservancy and hydropower project according to an embodiment of the present invention from a second perspective.

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a water diversion structure in a water conservancy and hydropower project according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which the channel is in a state of water outage;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a water diversion structure in a water conservancy and hydropower project according to an embodiment of the present invention, showing the channel in a water-filled state;

[0028] Figure 5 This is an isometric sectional view of the water diversion structure of a water conservancy and hydropower project according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] In the diagram: 1-channel; 2-bottom plate; 3-limiting component; 4-upstream end; 5-downstream end; 6-counterweight block; 7-groove; 8-adjusting rod; 9-cover plate; 10-through groove; 11-transparent plate; 12-flexible baffle; 13-stop bar; 14-support rod; 15-protrusion. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of this application described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0031] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of this application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0032] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0033] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer" to indicate orientation or positional relationships is based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationships commonly used when the product is in use. These terms are used solely for the convenience of describing this application and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application. Furthermore, the use of terms such as "first" and "second" in the description of this application is only used to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0034] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "horizontal" and "vertical" in the description of this application does not imply that the component is required to be absolutely horizontal or suspended, but rather that it may be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal relative to "vertical," and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but rather that it may be slightly tilted.

[0035] In the description of this application, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "set up," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0036] Example 1:

[0037] This invention proposes a water diversion structure for water conservancy and hydropower projects.

[0038] In one embodiment of the present invention, the water diversion structure of the water conservancy and hydropower project includes a channel 1, a bottom plate 2, and a limiting component 3. The bottom plate 2 is disposed at the bottom of the channel 1 and has buoyancy. The two ends of the bottom plate 2 are an upstream end 4 and a downstream end 5, respectively. The upstream end 4 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the channel 1, and the downstream end 5 is provided with a counterweight 6 so that the bottom plate 2 is tilted with the upstream end 4 higher and the downstream end 5 lower when the channel 1 is not filled with water. The limiting component 3 is disposed on the inner wall of the channel 1 and is disposed opposite to the downstream end 5. The limiting component 3 is used to stop the bottom plate 2 to limit the floating position of the bottom plate 2 when the channel 1 is filled with water and keep the bottom plate 2 horizontal.

[0039] In this embodiment, since the bottom plate 2 is located at the bottom of the channel 1 and has buoyancy, the bottom plate 2 can be designed with a hollow structure, or it can be filled with lightweight buoyancy materials (such as foamed concrete, polystyrene foam, etc.). This makes the overall density of the bottom plate 2 less than the density of water, allowing it to naturally possess upward buoyancy in the water. The structural design is simple and reasonable. When the channel 1 is in a state of water outage, such as... Figure 3 As shown, since the bottom plate 2 is not supported by the buoyancy of water, it rotates around the upstream end 4 under the gravity of the counterweight 6 at the downstream end 5. This causes the bottom plate 2 to automatically form an inclined slope with the upstream end 4 higher and the downstream end 5 lower, thus providing a path for the sediment to slide by gravity. That is, the sediment deposited on the surface of the bottom plate 2 can naturally slide towards the downstream end 5 under the action of gravity. This allows for the removal of sediment from the channel 1 during water outages. This not only reduces the amount of sediment accumulation in the channel 1 and prevents the bottom of the channel 1 from gradually rising and reducing the water conveyance space of the channel 1, thus improving the water conveyance capacity of the channel 1, but also effectively reduces the probability of fine sediment forming a hard crust due to long-term accumulation and drying. Furthermore, it enables the self-adaptive cleaning of sediment in the channel 1 without the need for manual sediment cleaning, significantly reducing operation and maintenance costs.

[0040] Furthermore, when Channel 1 re-enters the water-filling state for water diversion, such as Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, as the water level rises, the bottom plate 2 gradually floats up under the buoyancy of the water. At this time, the limiting component 3 set on the inner wall of the channel 1 plays a key role. When the bottom plate 2 floats to the predetermined position, the limiting component 3 stops the bottom plate 2, so that the bottom plate 2 always remains horizontal in the channel 1. This can prevent the bottom plate 2 from tilting and obstructing the flow of water, thus ensuring the water conveyance efficiency and operational stability of the channel 1.

[0041] Understandably, the base plate 2 in this embodiment requires no external energy or manual intervention; it can switch between tilted and horizontal positions solely based on its own buoyancy and water flow, thereby significantly reducing the construction and maintenance costs of channel 1. Furthermore, this adaptive state-switching mode changes the operating logic of traditional channel 1. Traditional channel 1 cannot automatically remove sediment during water outages, requiring manual or mechanical dredging. In contrast, this embodiment can automatically remove sediment during water outages and quickly switch to a horizontal water conveyance state during water replenishment, perfectly adapting to the intermittent water conveyance conditions of agricultural irrigation areas.

[0042] Example 2:

[0043] This embodiment, based on Embodiment 1, optimizes the counterweight structure of the base plate 2 by adding an adjustment component. This solves the problem that the fixed counterweight block 6 is difficult to adapt to different operating conditions, further improving versatility and adaptability to different working conditions. Specifically, as follows... Figures 1 to 5As shown, it also includes an adjustment component. A groove 7 is provided in the base plate 2 along its extension direction. A counterweight 6 is provided in the groove 7. The adjustment component includes an adjustment rod 8 and a cover plate 9. The cover plate 9 is detachably connected to the base plate 2 and is used to cover the groove opening of the groove 7. One end of the adjustment rod 8 passes through the cover plate 9 and the counterweight 6 in sequence and is rotatably connected to the groove wall of the groove 7. The adjustment rod 8 is threadedly engaged with the counterweight 6. The other end of the adjustment rod 8 passes through the cover plate 9 and has an adjustment hole.

[0044] In this embodiment, a groove 7 is provided in the base plate 2 along its extension direction, and a counterweight 6 is provided in the groove 7. The counterweight 6 can slide and engage with the groove 7, thereby restricting the counterweight 6 from rotating freely relative to the base plate 2 and allowing it to move only along the axial direction of the groove 7. At the same time, since the cover plate 9 in the adjustment assembly is detachably connected to the base plate 2, the detachable connection can be made by means of threaded connection, etc., which facilitates the disassembly and assembly of the cover plate 9 by the staff and facilitates the replacement of components such as the counterweight 6 or the adjustment rod 8, improving maintainability. In addition, the cover plate 9 can cover the opening of the groove 7, thereby preventing impurities such as mud and sand from entering the groove 7. Furthermore, since one end of the adjusting rod 8 in the adjusting assembly passes through the cover plate 9 and the counterweight 6 in sequence and is rotatably connected to the groove wall of the groove 7, the adjusting rod 8 can rotate within the groove 7. The other end of the adjusting rod 8 passes through the cover plate 9 and has an adjusting hole, which can be a polygonal hole, etc., so that the operator can use an external tool to insert into the adjusting hole to rotate the adjusting rod 8. Since the adjusting rod 8 is threadedly engaged with the counterweight 6, the position of the counterweight 6 in the groove 7 can be adjusted by rotating the adjusting rod 8. The structural design is simple and reasonable.

[0045] Understandably, due to differences in the degree of siltation, hardness of the compacted layer, and water flow conditions in different channels 1, a fixed weight or position of the counterweight 6 often fails to meet the optimal dredging and water conveyance requirements under all working conditions. This embodiment, by setting an adjustment component, allows workers to use external tools, such as wrenches, to drive the counterweight 6 to move linearly within the groove 7, thereby changing its position within the groove 7. This flexibly adjusts the center of gravity and gravitational torque of the base plate 2, thus precisely controlling the buoyancy response speed of the base plate 2 in a water-filled state. For example, when channel 1 is filled with water, the counterweight 6 can be adjusted upstream 4 to reduce buoyancy resistance, allowing the base plate 2 to quickly rise to a horizontal state under less buoyancy, adapting to the working conditions of channel 1 with slow water flow and low silt content, ensuring water conveyance efficiency. This embodiment, through this adjustable design of the counterweight 6, improves the adaptability of the invention to different hydraulic working conditions, ensuring both dredging effectiveness and water conveyance efficiency.

[0046] Example 3:

[0047] This embodiment optimizes the sealing structure of the base plate 2 based on embodiment 2. A sealing ring is added at the mating position between the cover plate 9 and the base plate 2 to solve the problem of water and sand easily entering the groove 7, causing the adjustment component to jam and fail, thereby further improving the sealing protection and long-term operational stability of the structure. Specifically, as follows Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown, the base plate 2 has a mounting groove for accommodating the cover plate 9, and a sealing ring is provided between the mounting groove and the cover plate 9.

[0048] In this embodiment, since the base plate 2 has an installation groove for accommodating the cover plate 9, the cover plate 9 can be embedded in the installation groove. This ensures that the mating surfaces of the cover plate 9 and the base plate 2 are flush, preventing the cover plate 9 from protruding from the surface of the base plate 2 and forming a protrusion 15 structure. This prevents eddies from forming when water flows through or sediment from accumulating at the edge of the cover plate 9, ensuring the flatness of the surface of the base plate 2. This does not affect the gravity sliding and sediment removal effect, nor does it hinder the normal water transport of the channel 1. Furthermore, since a sealing ring is provided between the installation groove and the cover plate 9, the sealing ring can be made of elastic sealing materials such as rubber or silicone. It can tightly fit the mating gap between the installation groove and the cover plate 9, thereby forming a reliable sealing structure. This effectively prevents water and sediment in the channel 1 from entering the groove 7 through the mating gap, preventing water seepage that could cause corrosion of the adjusting rod 8 and sediment accumulation that could cause the counterweight 6 to slide and get stuck. This ensures the matching accuracy and smooth operation of the adjusting rod 8 and the counterweight 6.

[0049] Example 4:

[0050] This embodiment optimizes the observation structure of the base plate 2 based on embodiment 3. By adding a through groove 10 and a transparent plate 11, the problem of not being able to intuitively grasp the position of the counterweight 6 inside the groove 7 is solved, further improving the ease of operation and maintenance efficiency. Specifically, as follows... Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown, the top surface of the base plate 2 is provided with a through groove 10 that communicates with the groove 7. The through groove 10 extends along the length direction of the groove 7. A transparent plate 11 is provided in the through groove 10 to close the through groove 10 and to show the position of the counterweight 6.

[0051] In this embodiment, the top surface of the base plate 2 is provided with a through groove 10 that communicates with the groove 7, and the through groove 10 extends along the length of the groove 7. The opening position and extension trajectory of the through groove 10 are adapted to the groove 7, thereby enabling full visibility of the interior of the groove 7. This allows the operator to observe the specific position of the counterweight 6 in the groove 7 through the through groove 10 without disassembling the cover plate 9. At the same time, a transparent plate 11 is provided inside the through groove 10. The transparent plate 11 can be made of high-strength transparent materials such as tempered glass or acrylic. It is adapted to the through groove 10 and seals the through groove 10. This ensures that the operator can clearly observe the position of the counterweight 6, while effectively preventing water and sediment from entering the interior of the groove 7 through the through groove 10, thus avoiding any impact on the adjustment components. This achieves both observation function and sealing protection effect.

[0052] Example 5:

[0053] This embodiment, based on embodiment 4, optimizes the gap-blocking structure of the bottom plate 2 by adding a flexible baffle 12. This solves the problem of sand easily getting stuck in the gap between the bottom plate 2 and the inner wall of the channel 1, further improving operational stability and water conveyance sealing. Specifically, as follows... Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the top surface of the base plate 2 is provided with two flexible baffles 12. The two flexible baffles 12 are used to block the gap between the base plate 2 and the inner wall of the channel 1, and abut against the limiting component 3.

[0054] Understandably, since the base plate 2 needs to rotate around the upstream end 4 to switch between inclined sand discharge and horizontal water conveyance, a sufficient gap must be maintained between the side of the base plate 2 and the side wall of the channel 1 to prevent motion interference. However, the existence of this gap will lead to water leakage, reduce the actual flushing flow on the surface of the base plate 2, and thus affect the water conveyance efficiency; at the same time, silt can easily fall into the gap, causing the base plate 2 to jam or wear. In this embodiment, a flexible baffle 12 is set on the top surface of the base plate 2. The flexible baffle 12 is made of materials such as rubber and silicone that have both elasticity and wear resistance. Utilizing its elastic deformation characteristics, it can adapt to the gap size when the position of the base plate 2 changes and always fits tightly against the inner wall of the channel 1, thereby effectively sealing the gap between the base plate 2 and the inner wall of the channel 1. This not only prevents water from flowing out of the gap and ensures that the water can fully flush the surface of the base plate 2, significantly improving the water conveyance efficiency, but also prevents impurities such as silt and gravel from falling into the rotating connection or adjustment components below the base plate 2, preventing the accumulation of impurities from causing the base plate 2 to jam or wear, and ensuring the operational stability of the equipment. In addition, when the base plate 2 floats to the horizontal position, the abutting cooperation between the flexible baffle 12 and the limiting component 3 can also play a buffering role, replacing the direct rigid contact between the base plate 2 and the limiting component 3, reducing the impact and wear caused by rigid collision, and extending the structural service life of the base plate 2 and the limiting component 3.

[0055] Example 6:

[0056] Based on Example 5, this embodiment optimizes the specific structure of the limiting component 3, clarifying its composition and cooperation relationship. This achieves precise stopping and stable limiting of the base plate 2, ensuring the reliability of the base plate 2 in horizontal water conveyance, while also adapting to the abutment and buffering requirements of the flexible baffle 12. Specifically, as... Figure 1 and Figure 5 As shown, the limiting component 3 includes two stop bars 13, which are respectively disposed on the inner walls of both sides of the channel 1, and the two stop bars 13 are respectively used to abut against the two flexible baffles 12 to stop the bottom plate 2.

[0057] In this embodiment, the two baffles 13 in the limiting component 3 are arranged parallel to each other along the width direction of the channel 1 and correspond to the downstream end 5 of the bottom plate 2. Their installation height is adapted to the horizontal position that the bottom plate 2 needs to maintain after being filled with water, so that it can form a precise stop when the bottom plate 2 floats to the preset position, preventing the bottom plate 2 from continuing to float upward due to buoyancy and causing positional deviation, ensuring that the bottom plate 2 always maintains a horizontal water conveyance base, and ensuring the integrity and water conveyance efficiency of the water conveyance section of the channel 1. At the same time, the two baffles 13 correspond one-to-one with the two flexible baffles 12 on the top surface of the bottom plate 2. When the bottom plate 2 floats to the limit position, the flexible baffles 12 abut against the baffles 13 on the corresponding side, and the flexible baffles 12 form a flexible contact by utilizing their elastic characteristics, replacing the direct rigid collision between the bottom plate 2 and the baffles 13. This not only achieves stable limiting of the bottom plate 2, but also absorbs the impact force generated by the collision through the elastic deformation of the flexible baffles 12, reducing the structural wear of the baffles 13 and the bottom plate 2, and extending the service life of both.

[0058] Example 7:

[0059] This embodiment further optimizes the limiting component 3 based on embodiment 6 by adding a support rod 14 and a protrusion 15 structure. This solves the problem that the hardened layer on the surface of the bottom plate 2 is difficult to effectively clean with conventional water flow, thus further improving the sludge removal capability of the present invention. Specifically, as shown... Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown, the limiting component 3 also includes several support rods 14, the two ends of which are detachably connected to two stop rods 13 respectively. The support rods 14 are spaced apart along the extension direction of the stop rods 13, and each of the support rods 14 is provided with a protrusion 15 for breaking the slab layer.

[0060] In this embodiment, several support rods 14 are evenly spaced along the extension direction of the baffle rods 13. The two ends of the support rods 14 can be detachably connected to the two baffle rods 13 by means of snap-fit ​​connection, bolt connection, etc., which facilitates the disassembly and maintenance of the support rods 14. The number and spacing of the support rods 14 can also be adjusted according to the actual width of the channel 1 and the distribution of the sludge layer to adapt to different dredging needs. Furthermore, the protrusions 15 on the support rods 14 are made of hard and wear-resistant material. The position and height of the protrusions 15 are adapted to the upward trajectory of the bottom plate 2. When the channel 1 is initially filled with water, the bottom plate 2 floats up under the combined action of the dynamic water pressure and its own buoyancy. The sludge layer on the surface of the bottom plate 2 will collide and squeeze with the protrusions 15 on the support rods 14. By using the impact and squeezing effect of mechanical force, the hard sludge layer can be crushed and peeled off, decomposing the sludge layer into fine mud and sand particles, which facilitates the subsequent flushing and discharge of water.

[0061] Understandably, this embodiment adds a support rod 14 with a protrusion 15 to the limiting component 3, eliminating the need for an additional independent shell-breaking component. By utilizing the natural upward movement of the bottom plate 2, the slab layer and the protrusion 15 form an active collision and compression, combining hydraulic dredging with mechanical shell breaking, thus achieving automated crushing of the slab layer and completely solving the technical pain point of the difficulty in cleaning the slab layer.

[0062] A buoyancy-induced shell-breaking method, applied to the water intake structure of a hydraulic and hydropower project as described above, includes the following steps:

[0063] S1: When the channel 1 is in a water outage state, the bottom plate 2 is inclined at the upstream end 4 and the downstream end 5 under the gravity of the counterweight 6. The viscous fine particles of mud and sand carried by the water flow are deposited on the surface of the bottom plate 2 and form a hardened layer on the bottom plate 2 after long-term drying.

[0064] S2: In the initial stage of water diversion in the channel 1, the water inlet opening of the channel 1 is controlled to form a high-speed jet. The water flows into the channel 1 and fills the gap between the bottom plate 2 and the bottom of the channel 1. Under the combined action of the water dynamic pressure and its own buoyancy, the bottom plate 2 swings back and forth around the upstream end 4 to achieve high-frequency oscillation and floating.

[0065] S3: During the oscillation and floating process, the slab layer on the surface of the base plate 2 repeatedly collides and squeezes with the protrusion 15 on the limiting component 3. The mechanical force generated by the collision and squeezing breaks the slab layer, causing the slab layer to detach from the base plate 2.

[0066] S4: Continue to fill the channel 1 with water. Under the continuous buoyancy, the bottom plate 2 floats to the limit position. The flexible baffle 12 on the bottom plate 2 abuts against the baffle 13 of the limiting component 3, so that the bottom plate 2 remains horizontal.

[0067] S5: The water flow in the channel 1 continuously washes the surface of the bottom plate 2. The shattered sticky fine particles of mud and sand are discharged along the bottom plate 2 to the outlet of the channel 1 under the combined action of water flow and gravity sliding, thus completing the dredging and shell breaking.

[0068] This method eliminates the need for additional dredging and shell-breaking equipment and manual dredging operations. Relying solely on the water flow dynamics of Canal 1 and the inherent characteristics of the water diversion structure, it effectively breaks up the compacted layer and removes sediment, integrating dredging and shell-breaking with water diversion operations. This significantly reduces the maintenance costs and operational difficulty of Canal 1. In the initial stage of water diversion, this method controls the inlet opening to create a high-speed jet. The combined effect of dynamic water pressure and buoyancy drives the bottom plate 2 to vibrate and rise at high frequency, causing repeated collisions and compression between the compacted layer and protrusions 15. Mechanical force is used to break up and peel off the compacted layer. Compared to traditional methods of simple hydraulic flushing, this method is superior in cleaning hard compacted layers, completely solving the technical challenge of cleaning such layers. The entire dredging and shell-breaking process seamlessly integrates with the water diversion process of Canal 1. Shell breaking is completed in the initial stage of water diversion, and sediment removal is achieved simultaneously with subsequent water filling. No separate water shutdown for dredging is required, making it perfectly suited for the intermittent water conveyance conditions in agricultural irrigation areas and ensuring the water conveyance efficiency of Canal 1. Meanwhile, the position of the counterweight 6 can be adjusted by adjusting the components to precisely control the vibration amplitude of the bottom plate 2, adapting to different working conditions of channel 1 with different siltation and hardness of the compacted layer, thus improving the versatility and adaptability of this method and ensuring that the dredging effect and water conveyance stability can be taken into account under different working conditions.

[0069] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A water diversion structure for a water conservancy and hydropower project, characterized in that, The system includes a channel (1), a base plate (2), and a limiting component (3). The base plate (2) is located at the bottom of the channel (1) and has buoyancy. The two ends of the base plate (2) are an upstream end (4) and a downstream end (5), respectively. The upstream end (4) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the channel (1), and the downstream end (5) is provided with a counterweight (6) so that the base plate (2) is tilted with the upstream end (4) higher and the downstream end (5) lower when the channel (1) is not filled with water. The limiting component (3) is located on the inner wall of the channel (1) and is positioned opposite to the downstream end (5). The limiting component (3) is used to stop the base plate (2) to limit the floating position of the base plate (2) when the channel (1) is filled with water and to keep the base plate (2) horizontal.

2. The water diversion structure of the water conservancy and hydropower project according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an adjustment component. The base plate (2) has a groove (7) extending along its extension direction. The counterweight (6) is provided in the groove (7). The adjustment component includes an adjustment rod (8) and a cover plate (9). The cover plate (9) is detachably connected to the base plate (2) and is used to cover the opening of the groove (7). One end of the adjustment rod (8) passes through the cover plate (9) and the counterweight (6) in sequence and is rotatably connected to the groove wall of the groove (7). The adjustment rod (8) is threadedly engaged with the counterweight (6). The other end of the adjustment rod (8) passes through the cover plate (9) and has an adjustment hole.

3. The water diversion structure of the water conservancy and hydropower project according to claim 2, characterized in that, The base plate (2) has an installation groove for accommodating the cover plate (9), and a sealing ring is provided between the installation groove and the cover plate (9).

4. The water diversion structure of the water conservancy and hydropower project according to claim 3, characterized in that, The top surface of the base plate (2) is provided with a through groove (10) that communicates with the groove (7). The through groove (10) extends along the length direction of the groove (7). A transparent plate (11) is provided in the through groove (10) to close the through groove (10) and show the position of the counterweight (6).

5. The water diversion structure of the water conservancy and hydropower project according to claim 4, characterized in that, The top surface of the base plate (2) is provided with two flexible baffles (12). The two flexible baffles (12) are used to cover the gap between the base plate (2) and the inner wall of the channel (1) and abut against the limiting component (3).

6. The water diversion structure of the water conservancy and hydropower project according to claim 5, characterized in that, The limiting component (3) includes two stop bars (13), which are respectively disposed on the inner walls of both sides of the channel (1), and the two stop bars (13) are respectively used to abut against the two flexible baffles (12) to stop the bottom plate (2).

7. The water diversion structure of the water conservancy and hydropower project according to claim 6, characterized in that, The limiting component (3) also includes a plurality of support rods (14), the two ends of the plurality of support rods (14) are respectively detachably connected to the two stops (13), the plurality of support rods (14) are spaced apart along the extension direction of the stops (13), and each of the plurality of support rods (14) is provided with a protrusion (15) for breaking the slab layer.

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