Non-continuous boundary roof cable membrane system

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of building structure, and provides a non-continuous boundary roof cable membrane system, which comprises a non-continuous rigid boundary and a double-layer cable net, wherein the non-continuous rigid boundary comprises a pair of boundary opening beams and a multi-chord truss, the boundary opening beams extend in a first linear pattern, the multi-chord truss extends in a second linear pattern, the boundary opening beams and the multi-chord truss are separated from each other, the double-layer cable net comprises a first layer of warp-weft cable net and a second layer of warp-weft cable net, each of which comprises warp cables and weft cables, two ends of the weft cables are connected to different positions of the corresponding boundary opening beams in sequence, and the multi-chord truss has a main load-bearing chord, one end of each of the warp cables is connected to different positions of the main load-bearing chord, and the other end is connected to different positions of the corresponding boundary opening beams. Through the above configuration, the combination of the boundary opening beams and the multi-chord truss forms the non-continuous rigid boundary, so as to provide a feasible and closed-loop pre-tension for the flexible cable membrane structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building structure technology, and more particularly to a cable-membrane roof system with discontinuous boundaries. Background Technology

[0002] In modern architectural design, there is an increasing demand for buildings with complex free-form surfaces, especially for large-span spatial structures with asymmetrical boundaries, negative Gaussian hyperboloids, and multiple interconnected elevations. Moreover, folded roofs or facades have become a new design direction for architects in recent years, and numerous ongoing or completed architectural projects demonstrate that this design concept is being accepted by the general public.

[0003] Patent CN117569507A discloses a roof composed of a negative Gaussian curved cable net and a mesh shell, along with its manufacturing method. Patent CN120797833A discloses an exhibition hall roof using a large-span folded arch truss and its construction method. The Al Janoub Stadium in Qatar is another example. These structures form a continuous supporting framework through a regular grid or rod system, requiring secondary structural layers such as curtain walls and cladding panels to shape the building skin, resulting in large material consumption and complex node construction. In particular, the roof of patent CN117569507A cannot create the folded roof or facade desired by architects. Patent CN111997199A discloses a multi-layered cable net structure and its prestressing loading method, but it can only construct cable net structures with continuous boundaries, significantly limiting the freedom of architectural design. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a cable-membrane roof system with discontinuous boundaries to address the shortcomings of existing technologies in building roofs / facades, which cannot simultaneously meet design requirements such as discontinuous boundaries, folded and saddle-shaped curved surfaces, and asymmetrical boundaries at multiple different elevations. This invention achieves a cable-membrane roof system that combines the flexible stress characteristics of cable-membrane structures with folded curved surfaces.

[0005] This invention provides a cable-membrane roof system with a discontinuous boundary, comprising a discontinuous rigid boundary and a double-layer cable net, wherein... The discontinuous rigid boundary includes a pair of boundary open beams and a multichord truss. The pair of boundary open beams are parallel to each other and extend in a first line type. The multichord truss extends in a second line type. The pair of boundary open beams have a first end and a second end, and the multichord truss has a third end and a fourth end, wherein the first end and the third end are separated from each other, and the second end and the fourth end are separated from each other. The double-layer cable net includes a first layer of latitude and longitude cable net and a second layer of latitude and longitude cable net. The first layer of latitude and longitude cable net includes a number of first layer of latitude cables and a number of first layer of latitudinal cables, and the second layer of latitude and longitude cable net includes a number of second layer of latitude cables and a number of second layer of latitudinal cables. A pair of boundary opening beams includes a first boundary opening beam and a second boundary opening beam. The two ends of each first-layer latitudinal cable are connected to different points of the first boundary opening beam, and the two ends of each second-layer latitudinal cable are connected to different points of the second boundary opening beam. The multi-chord truss has a corresponding number of chords, one of which is the main load-bearing chord. One end of each first-layer meridional cable and / or second-layer meridional cable is connected to a different point of the main load-bearing chord. The other end of each first-layer meridional cable is connected to a different point of the first boundary opening beam. The other end of each second-layer meridional cable is connected to a different point of the second boundary opening beam.

[0006] According to the non-continuous boundary cable membrane roof system provided by the present invention, the multi-chord truss further includes a vertical stiffness chord, which is located below the main load-bearing chord. The curvature of the vertical stiffness chord is less than that of the main load-bearing chord, and the vertical stiffness chord and the main load-bearing chord intersect each other at their respective ends.

[0007] According to the non-continuous boundary cable-membrane roof system provided by the present invention, the vertical stiffness chord and the main load-bearing chord are respectively connected to the floor of the building at their respective ends.

[0008] According to the non-continuous boundary cable membrane roof system provided by the present invention, the multi-chord truss further includes bidirectional chords, which are relatively close to each other in their respective intermediate sections and relatively far apart from each other at their respective ends; the two ends of the bidirectional chords are respectively connected to the corbels of the building.

[0009] According to the non-continuous boundary cable membrane roof system provided by the present invention, additional chords are respectively provided at both ends of the bidirectional chord, one end of the additional chord is connected to the section of the bidirectional chord near its corresponding end, and the other end of the additional chord is connected to the corbel of the building.

[0010] According to the non-continuous boundary cable membrane roof system provided by the present invention, any two chords in a multi-chord truss are connected to each other through web members.

[0011] According to the non-continuous boundary cable membrane roof system provided by the present invention, the first boundary opening beam is located above the second boundary opening beam, the first boundary opening beam and the second boundary opening beam are connected to each other by a plurality of connecting rods, and the second boundary opening beam is connected to the floor of the building.

[0012] According to the non-continuous boundary cable membrane roof system provided by the present invention, a plurality of first-layer meridional cables and a plurality of first-layer latitudinal cables are interconnected at each intersection point by corresponding first-layer bidirectional clamps, and / or a plurality of second-layer meridional cables and a plurality of second-layer latitudinal cables are interconnected at each intersection point by corresponding second-layer bidirectional clamps.

[0013] According to the non-continuous boundary cable membrane roof system provided by the present invention, in the vertical direction, a plurality of first-layer meridional cables and a plurality of second-layer meridional cables correspond one to one, a plurality of first-layer latitudinal cables and a plurality of second-layer latitudinal cables correspond one to one, and each first-layer bidirectional clamp is fixedly connected to the corresponding second-layer bidirectional clamp.

[0014] According to the non-continuous boundary cable-membrane roof system provided by the present invention, an oblique membrane is provided in the forward or reverse direction of the latitudinal direction of the double-layer cable net. For any two adjacent sets of first-layer and second-layer meridional cables, one end of the oblique membrane is connected to the first-layer meridional cable in front, and the other end is connected to the second-layer meridional cable behind.

[0015] According to the non-continuous boundary cable-membrane roof system provided by the present invention, in the vertical direction, a vertical membrane is provided between each corresponding first layer of meridional cables and second layer of meridional cables, and the upper end of the vertical membrane is connected to the corresponding oblique membrane in the first layer of meridional cables.

[0016] According to the non-continuous boundary cable-membrane roof system provided by the present invention, a gutter membrane extending along its length is provided below each second-layer meridional cable, and the gutter membrane is connected to a second-layer bidirectional clamp of the second-layer meridional cable.

[0017] The discontinuous boundary cable-membrane roof system provided by this invention constructs a discontinuous rigid boundary through a combination of boundary opening beams and multi-chord trusses, providing a feasible, closed-loop pretension for the flexible cable-membrane structure. Furthermore, the double-layer cable net design ensures the accuracy of the folded curved surface while avoiding the use of traditional reinforced concrete folded shell panels, thus achieving the transparency and floating effect desired by architects. Moreover, the discontinuous boundary cable-membrane roof system provided by this invention, by combining the discontinuous rigid boundary with the flexible stress characteristics of the cable-membrane structure and the folded curved surface, significantly improves the structural stiffness and material utilization of the roof cable-membrane system. Compared to existing rigid structural systems that use double-layer mesh shells on the roof / facade, this roof cable-membrane system is more in line with the lightweight aesthetic popular in modern architectural design. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional view of the discontinuous rigid boundary provided by the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a perspective view of the double-layer cable net provided by the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a perspective view of the multi-chord truss and building provided by the present invention.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a perspective view of the chords of the multi-chord truss provided by the present invention and the beams and columns of the building.

[0023] Figure 5 This is a perspective view of a pair of boundary-opening beams and the floor of a building provided by the present invention.

[0024] Figure 6 This is a perspective view of the membrane surface of the non-continuous boundary cable membrane roof system provided by the present invention.

[0025] Figure 7 This is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of several grids in the double-layer cable net provided by the present invention.

[0026] Figure 8 This is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the gutter membrane provided by the present invention.

[0027] Figure label: 1. Multi-chord truss; 2. First boundary open beam; 3. Second boundary open beam; 4. First layer of warp and weft cable net; 5. First layer of warp cable; 6. First layer of weft cable; 7. Second layer of warp and weft cable net; 8. Second layer of warp cable; 9. Second layer of weft cable; 10. Main load-bearing chord; 11. Vertical stiffness chord; 12. Key; 13. Two-way chord; 14. Additional chord; 15. Beam and column; 16. Corbel; 17. Spherical hinge support; 18. (Two-way chord) end; 19. Web member; 20. Connecting rod; 21. First layer of two-way clamp; 22. Second layer of two-way clamp; 23. Tubular component; 24. Inclined membrane; 25. Vertical membrane; 26. Membrane clamp; 27. Membrane buckle; 28. Gutter membrane; 29. ​​(Second layer of two-way clamp) corner. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The embodiments of this application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate this application, but should not be used to limit the scope of this application.

[0029] In the description of the embodiments of this application, it should be noted that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of this application. In addition, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0030] In the description of the embodiments of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections or detachable connections, wherein a fixed connection can include an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0031] In the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0032] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of the embodiments of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0033] The following is combined with Figures 1 to 8 The present invention describes a non-continuous boundary roof cable membrane system.

[0034] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional view of the discontinuous rigid boundary provided by the present invention. Figure 2 This is a perspective view of the double-layer cable net provided by the present invention, such as... Figures 1 to 2 As shown, the discontinuous boundary cable membrane roof system includes a discontinuous rigid boundary and a double-layer cable net.

[0035] The discontinuous rigid boundary includes a pair of boundary open beams and a multi-chord truss 1. The pair of boundary open beams includes a first boundary open beam 2 and a second boundary open beam 3. The first boundary open beam 2 and the second boundary open beam 3 are parallel to each other and have the same or similar curvature. The first boundary open beam 2 and the second boundary open beam 3 extend together with a first linear shape; for example, both the first boundary open beam 2 and the second boundary open beam 3 are arc-shaped beams extending in a horizontal plane, and because they are parallel to each other, they share a common center (projection).

[0036] Furthermore, the multi-chord truss 1 has a corresponding number of multiple chords (corresponding to "multi-chord"), wherein any two chords are interconnected by web members 19, which will be described in detail below. The multi-chord truss 1 thus constructed takes the form of a strip with a specific cross-sectional shape; therefore, the multi-chord truss 1 extends in a second line configuration, which differs from the aforementioned first line configuration. A pair of boundary-opening beams have a first end and a second end, and the multi-chord truss 1 has a third end and a fourth end, wherein the first end and the third end are close to each other but separate, and the second end and the fourth end are close to each other but separate. Preferably, the first end and the third end, as well as the second end and the fourth end, are not only separate from each other. Preferably, from a geometric topological perspective, the imaginary extensions of the first and third ends, and the second and fourth ends, intersect at a second-order geometric discontinuity. Thus, a pair of boundary-open beams and the multi-chord truss 1 are separated from each other, and together they constitute a rigid discontinuous boundary. This means that such a boundary is open, not closed-loop, thus representing a significant difference from the continuous boundaries of existing technologies (e.g., CN117569507A). It is well known that the term "geometric continuity" refers to the continuity at the junction of curves / surfaces defined by geometric quantities such as tangents, tangent planes, and curvature. Moreover, generally speaking, continuous boundaries can serve as closed-loop prestressed load-bearing structures for cable net structures, while open discontinuous rigid boundaries are unsuitable as load-bearing structures for cable net structures. In this invention, a discontinuous rigid boundary is proposed as a prestressed load-bearing structure. This discontinuous rigid boundary can also be supplemented by an external closed-loop structure to complete the prestressing system, which will be described in detail below.

[0037] The double-layer cable net consists of a first layer of latitude and longitude cable net 4 and a second layer of latitude and longitude cable net 7. The first layer of latitude and longitude cable net 4 includes several first layer of latitude cables 5 and several first layer of latitudinal cables 6.

[0038] Meanwhile, one of the chords of the multi-chord truss 1 is the main load-bearing chord 10. In the vertical direction, the main load-bearing chord 10 forms an arched curved line with its center higher than both ends. In terms of the horizontal projection, the main load-bearing chord 10 resembles the terrain and forms an arched curved line. Preferably, its arch orientation is the same as the arc protrusion direction of a pair of boundary open beams, but the curvature of the main load-bearing chord 10 is less than the curvature of the pair of boundary open beams.

[0039] For each first-layer meridional cable 5, one end is connected to a different point on the main load-bearing chord 10, and the other end is connected to a different point on the first boundary opening beam 2. On one side of the main load-bearing chord 10, the connection points of each first-layer meridional cable 5 to the main load-bearing chord 10 are spaced apart from each other, preferably at a fixed interval; the layout of the connection points of each first-layer meridional cable 5 to the first boundary opening beam 2 on one side is similar and will not be repeated. Thus, all the first-layer meridional cables 5 form a configuration in which they extend parallel to each other or in a fan shape along the meridional direction of the double-layer cable net.

[0040] For each first-layer latitudinal cable 6, its two ends are connected to different points on the first boundary opening beam 2. In particular, the first boundary opening beam 2, as an arc-shaped beam extending in the horizontal plane, necessarily has a center point, and the two ends of each first-layer latitudinal cable 6 are located on both sides of the center point. Preferably, all the first-layer latitudinal cables 6 are configured to extend parallel to each other in the latitudinal direction of the double-layer cable net.

[0041] The second layer of the cable net 7 includes several second-layer meridional cables 8 and several second-layer zonal cables 9. The connection method of all the second-layer meridional cables 8 to the main load-bearing chord 10 and the second boundary open beam 3, and the configuration formed therefrom in the meridional direction of the double-layer cable net, are similar to the design layout of the first-layer meridional cables 5; the connection method of all the second-layer zonal cables 9 to the second boundary open beam 3, and the configuration formed therefrom in the zonal direction of the double-layer cable net, are similar to the design layout of the first-layer zonal cables 6, and will not be repeated here.

[0042] In summary, the first layer of latitude and longitude cable net 4 and the second layer of latitude and longitude cable net 7 are divided into multiple adjacent grids by their respective latitude and longitude cables.

[0043] Through the above configuration, a discontinuous rigid boundary is formed by the combination of a pair of boundary-opening beams and a multi-chord truss 1, providing a feasible, closed-loop pretension for the flexible cable-membrane structure. Furthermore, the double-layer cable net design ensures the accuracy of the subsequently laid folded curved surfaces while avoiding the use of traditional reinforced concrete folded shell panels, thus achieving the transparency and floating feel desired by the architect. Moreover, by combining the discontinuous rigid boundary with the flexible stress characteristics of the cable-membrane structure and the folded curved surfaces, the structural stiffness and material utilization of the roof cable-membrane system are significantly improved. Compared to existing rigid structural systems that use double-layer mesh shells on the roof / facade, this roof cable-membrane system is more in line with the lightweight aesthetic popular in modern architectural design.

[0044] Figure 3 This is a perspective view of the multi-chord truss and building provided by the present invention, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the beams and columns 15 of the building form a closed-loop main structure. In this embodiment, the building is constructed in a circular shape. At least the second chord in the multi-chord truss 1 is a vertical stiffness chord 11. The vertical stiffness chord 11 is located below the main load-bearing chord 10 and, together with the main load-bearing chord 10, forms a vertical arched sub-truss. In other words, the vertical stiffness chord 11 provides vertical support stiffness to the main load-bearing chord 10. As described above, the vertical stiffness chord 11 and the main load-bearing chord 10 are interconnected by web members 19 so that the vertical stiffness chord 11 provides vertical support stiffness to the main load-bearing chord 10.

[0045] The curvature of the vertical stiffening chord 11 is less than that of the main load-bearing chord 10. Specifically, the vertical stiffening chord 11 and the main load-bearing chord 10 can be designed such that the vertical stiffening chord 11 is below the main load-bearing chord 10, and due to the aforementioned curvature relationship, their projections on the horizontal plane coincide; alternatively, their projections on the horizontal plane do not coincide. Preferably, the curvature of the horizontal projection of the vertical stiffening chord 11 is still less than that of the horizontal projection of the main load-bearing chord 10; in other words, the horizontal projection of the vertical stiffening chord 11 (which is more approximately straight than the horizontal projection of the main load-bearing chord 10) is closer to a straight line. In both alternative cases, the web member 19 extends obliquely or vertically between them to provide vertical support stiffness to the main load-bearing chord 10.

[0046] Furthermore, the vertical stiffening chord 11 and the main load-bearing chord 10 intersect each other at their respective ends. In other words, the vertical stiffening chord 11 and the main load-bearing chord 10 share common end points.

[0047] Furthermore, the vertical stiffening chord 11 and the main load-bearing chord 10 are respectively connected to the building floor at their respective ends. Moreover, it is readily apparent that the building's concrete floor must follow the outline of its main structure, i.e., the main structure formed by the aforementioned beams and columns 15, and therefore, the building floor is also circular in shape. As described above, the vertical stiffening chord 11 and the main load-bearing chord 10 have common end faces. Corresponding key pins 12 are inserted into these common end faces, for example, on the lateral side of the key pin 12. Then, each key pin 12 is inserted into the concrete floor of the building with its bottom end, thereby fixing the vertical stiffening chord 11 and the main load-bearing chord 10 to the building.

[0048] At least the third chord in the multi-chord truss 1 is a two-way chord 13. It should be noted that although the multi-chord truss 1 extends with a second line type, this does not mean that all the chords in the multi-chord truss 1 extend with a uniform second line type; on the contrary, similar to the vertical stiffness chord 11 mentioned above, the two-way chord 13 also extends with a different line type than the main load-bearing chord 10.

[0049] For example, in the vertical direction, the double-direction chord 13 forms an arched curve with its center higher than its ends; while in its horizontal projection, the double-direction chord 13 resembles the terrain in its arched curve shape, but its arch orientation is opposite to the arcuate projection direction of the pair of boundary-opening beams; in other words, its arch orientation is opposite to that of the main load-bearing chord 10. This results in the double-direction chord 13 and the main load-bearing chord 10 being relatively close to each other in their respective intermediate sections and relatively far apart from each other at their respective ends.

[0050] Figure 4 This is a perspective view of the chords of the multi-chord truss and the beams and columns of the building provided by the present invention, as shown below. Figure 4 As shown, the two ends 18 of the double-ended chord 13 are respectively inserted into the corbels 16 of the beam-column 15 of the building via inclined spherical hinge supports 17. In the construction industry, corbels, as part of the building structure, are often used at the connection between beams and columns, playing an important supporting role. In addition, spherical hinge supports 17 can also be provided at the top of the beam-column 15 / corbel 16 to connect with the second boundary open beam 3, which will be described in detail below.

[0051] The two-way chord 13, together with the aforementioned vertical arched sub-truss, forms a three-dimensional spatial truss, providing both vertical and horizontal stiffness. Combined with the double-layer cable net and folded curved surface described below, the pretension of the first layer of meridional cables 5 and the second layer of meridional cables 8 is primarily provided / supported by the two-way chord 13, thus resulting in significant compressive stress on the two-way chord 13. Simply increasing the cross-sectional area of ​​the two-way chord 13 is neither economically efficient nor effectively improves its supporting capacity. Therefore, the cross-section of the two-way chord 13 is constructed by filling the cavity of a hollow steel tube with concrete. This fully utilizes the excellent compressive strength and low cost of concrete.

[0052] Alternatively or additionally, considering that there is a certain distance between the two ends 18 of the two-way chord 13 and the two ends of the vertical arched sub-truss, the multi-chord truss 1 also includes a pair of additional chords 14. This can both share the pressure on the two ends 18 of the two-way chord 13 and reduce the span of the web members 19, thereby effectively reducing the cross-sectional dimensions of the web members 19.

[0053] One end of the additional chord 14 is connected to a section of the double chord 13 near its corresponding end, for example, to a section of 1 / 8 to 1 / 6 of the relative length of the double chord 13 near its corresponding end; the other end of the additional chord 14 is connected to the corbel 16 of the building. This connection method is similar to the connection method of the two ends of the double chord 13 to the corbel 16 of the building, and will not be repeated.

[0054] Furthermore, any two chords in the multi-chord truss 1 are interconnected via web members 19. As described above, the vertical stiffness chord 11 is interconnected with the main load-bearing chord 10 via web members 19, so that the vertical stiffness chord 11 provides vertical support stiffness to the main load-bearing chord 10; the two-way chord 13 is interconnected with the main load-bearing chord 10 via web members 19, thereby providing / supporting the pretension of the first layer of meridional cables 5 and the second layer of meridional cables 8; the additional chord 14 is interconnected with the vertical stiffness chord 11 and the two-way chord 13 via web members 19, so as to assist the two-way chord 13 in bearing the pretension of the meridional cables, and so on. Moreover, the relevant chords and the web members 19 between them together constitute the multi-chord truss 1.

[0055] Figure 5 This is a perspective view of a pair of boundary-opening beams and the floor of a building, as provided by the present invention. Figure 5As shown, the first boundary opening beam 2 is located above the second boundary opening beam 3. The first boundary opening beam 2 and the second boundary opening beam 3 are connected to each other by several connecting rods 20, thereby forming a hollow truss structure. In this embodiment, the first boundary opening beam 2 and the second boundary opening beam 3 have the same curvature and are both in a common vertical plane; of course, in other embodiments, they may have different curvatures, or they may not be in a common vertical plane.

[0056] The second boundary opening beam 3 is connected to the building floor via pins 12. Specifically, the lower surface of the second boundary opening beam 3 is fixedly connected to the upper end face of the pins 12; then, each pin 12 is inserted into the concrete floor of the building with its bottom end. In addition, the lower surface of the second boundary opening beam 3 can also be connected to the beam / column 15 / corbel 16 via a spherical hinge support 17 at the top of the beam / column 15 / corbel 16.

[0057] Therefore, although the main load-bearing chord 10, vertical stiffness chord 11, two-way chord 13, and additional chord 14 of the multi-chord truss 1 are not connected to a pair of boundary open beams, the multi-chord truss 1 and the pair of boundary open beams are each fixedly connected to the concrete floor or beam-column 15 / corbel 16 of the building. This is equivalent to the multi-chord truss 1 and the pair of boundary open beams each receiving rigid support from the building. It can even be considered that the multi-chord truss 1 and the pair of boundary open beams, fixedly connected to the concrete floor or beam-column 15 / corbel 16 of the building, are thus equivalent to a closed-loop continuous boundary, thereby solving the problem in the prior art where discontinuous boundaries cannot provide closed-loop pretension for cable net structures.

[0058] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional view of several grids in the double-layer cable net provided by the present invention, such as... Figure 7 As shown, several first-layer meridional cables 5 and several first-layer latitudinal cables 6 are interconnected at each intersection point by corresponding first-layer bidirectional clamps 21. For each intersection point of the first-layer meridional cables 5 and the first-layer latitudinal cables 6, the first-layer bidirectional clamps 21 have cable holes through which the first-layer meridional cables 5 and the first-layer latitudinal cables 6 pass, respectively. After the first-layer meridional cables 5 and the first-layer latitudinal cables 6 pass through the corresponding cable holes, the first-layer bidirectional clamps 21 clamp them together.

[0059] Alternatively or additionally, several second-layer meridional cables 8 and several second-layer latitudinal cables 9 are interconnected at each intersection point by corresponding second-layer bidirectional clamps 22. The second-layer bidirectional clamps 22 clamp the second-layer meridional cables 8 and the second-layer latitudinal cables 9 in a manner similar to that of the first-layer bidirectional clamps 21, and will not be described again.

[0060] The advantage of this configuration is that, on the one hand, it provides sufficient structural stiffness for each layer of cable net; on the other hand, it improves the stability of the meridional cables in the spatial curved surface and suppresses their swaying.

[0061] Furthermore, in the vertical direction, several first-layer warp cables 5 and several second-layer warp cables 8 correspond one-to-one, and several first-layer weft cables 6 and several second-layer weft cables 9 correspond one-to-one. Therefore, from a top-down view, the first-layer warp and weft cable net 4 and the second-layer warp and weft cable net 5 overlap each other, so as to lay the membrane surface shape desired by the architect on the double-layer cable net. Moreover, the aforementioned first-layer bidirectional clamps 21 and second-layer bidirectional clamps 22 also correspond one-to-one in the vertical direction. For this purpose, each first-layer bidirectional clamp 21 is fixedly connected to the corresponding second-layer bidirectional clamp 22 by means of tubular members 23, thereby further improving the structural stiffness of the double-layer cable net.

[0062] As described above, existing solutions for providing folded curved surfaces typically rely on cable net structures extending in a single dimension (e.g., the longitudinal direction according to the present invention) or directly cast concrete roofs. In contrast, the discontinuous boundary cable membrane roof system of the present invention provides a double-layered cable net, and, by means of the tubular member 23, the double-layered cable net is no longer two independent cable nets, but an integrated cable net structure that provides stiffness to each other at each intersection point of the longitudinal and latitudinal cables.

[0063] As an alternative, the number of first-layer meridional cables 5 and second-layer meridional cables 8 differs, with the number of first-layer meridional cables 5 being one more or one less than the number of second-layer meridional cables 8; the number of first-layer latitudinal cables 6 and second-layer latitudinal cables 9 still correspond one-to-one. This allows the membrane surface of the discontinuous boundary roof cable-membrane system to exhibit a W-shaped or M-shaped folded surface. Tubular members 23 are installed in the latitudinal direction of the double-layer cable net, connecting adjacent first-layer bidirectional clamps 21 and second-layer bidirectional clamps 22.

[0064] Figure 6 This is a perspective view of the membrane surface of the cable-membrane roof system with discontinuous boundaries provided by the present invention, as shown below. Figure 6 As shown and combined Figure 7In the double-layer cable net, an oblique membrane 24 is provided in either the forward or reverse direction of the latitudinal direction. The oblique membrane 24 can be set to tilt downwards along the forward direction of the latitudinal direction, or vice versa. For example, for several consecutive grids in the double-layer cable net, especially for any two adjacent sets of first-layer warp cables 5 and second-layer warp cables 8, one end (i.e., its upper end) of the oblique membrane 24 is connected to the preceding first-layer warp cable 5, and the other end (i.e., its lower end) is connected to the following second-layer warp cable 8. Moreover, in each grid, a membrane clamp 26 is provided for the respective length section of the corresponding first-layer warp cable 5 and second-layer warp cable 8. Preferably, the membrane clamp 26 is made of aluminum alloy or a similar material.

[0065] Furthermore, in the vertical direction, a vertical membrane 25 is provided between the corresponding first layer of warp cables 5 and the second layer of warp cables 8 in each group. It can be imagined that the upper end of the vertical membrane 25 is connected to the first layer of warp cables 5 of the group, specifically its membrane clamp 26; while the lower end of the vertical membrane 25 is connected to the second layer of warp cables 8 of the group, specifically its membrane buckle 27. The membrane buckle 27 is adjustable to regulate the stretching of the vertical membrane 25, thereby adapting to the spacing / height difference between the first layer of warp cables 5 and the second layer of warp cables 8.

[0066] Furthermore, the upper end of the vertical membrane 25 is connected to the corresponding inclined membrane 24 in the first layer of meridional cable 5. The vertical membrane 25 and the inclined membrane 24 can be different components, and their upper ends are simultaneously fixed at the membrane clamp 26 of the first layer of meridional cable 5, thus sharing a common edge at that point. Alternatively, the vertical membrane 25 and the inclined membrane 24 can be the same component, that is, they are two parts of the same membrane and are bent at the membrane clamp 26 of the first layer of meridional cable 5.

[0067] For schemes with varying numbers of first-layer meridional cables 5 and second-layer meridional cables 8, the membrane surface of a non-continuous boundary cable-membrane roof system can be entirely composed of inclined membranes 24. For example, each first-layer meridional cable 5 can be laid with inclined membranes 24 in opposite directions to the second-layer meridional cables 8 on both sides to form a W-shaped or M-shaped folded surface.

[0068] It is important to note that in existing solutions, the membrane surface used in the cable net structure is typically directly covering the top of the cable net structure to completely shield the building's roof and achieve the rain and snow protection function of a traditional roof. In contrast, the membrane surface of the discontinuous boundary cable-membrane roof system of this invention uses an independent combination of oblique membranes 24 and vertical membranes 25 in each row of the warp grid in the bidirectional cable net. In other words, for each row of the warp grid, the oblique membranes 24 and vertical membranes 25 extend from the main load-bearing chord 10 to the first boundary opening beam 2 and / or the second boundary opening beam 3; and for any two rows of the warp grid, their respective oblique membranes 24 and vertical membranes 25 are separate. Therefore, for each row of the warp grid, the oblique membranes 24 and vertical membranes 25 can be entirely arranged within the enclosed space of that row of the warp grid, rather than being laid above the first layer of the warp cable net 4 or suspended below the second layer of the warp cable net 7.

[0069] With the above configuration, each row of warp grid is equipped with a combination of individual oblique membranes 24 and vertical membranes 25 within its enclosed space, thereby avoiding the problem of needing to open perforations at the corresponding positions when setting a single membrane surface in a double-layer cable net so that warp cables, weft cables and tubular components 23 can pass through.

[0070] In addition, the above configuration may lead to another problem: for any two adjacent rows of meridional grids, most of the horizontal area of ​​the meridional grids is blocked by their respective oblique membranes 24, but there are still gaps between the first layer of meridional cable 5 and the second layer of meridional cable 8 between the two rows of meridional grids, through which rain, snow or other debris may fall into the interior space of the building.

[0071] to this end, Figure 8 This is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the gutter membrane provided by the present invention, as shown below. Figure 8 As shown, a gutter membrane 28 extending along the length direction is provided below each second-layer meridional cable 8. The gutter membrane 28 is fixedly connected to the second-layer bidirectional clamp 22 of the second-layer meridional cable 8. Viewed in longitudinal section, the gutter membrane 28 forms a groove shape, thus rainwater flowing down along the inclined membrane 24 and vertical membrane 25 will be collected by the gutter membrane 28, and a rainwater collection facility (not shown) is provided at the end of the gutter membrane 28 to properly treat the rainwater. To form this groove shape, the second-layer bidirectional clamp 22 has a downwardly extending corner 29 to open the gutter membrane 28.

[0072] For example, the longitudinal cross-sectional shape of the gutter membrane 28 is a trapezoid with the upper end larger than the lower end. The membrane clamp 26 connecting the lower end of the inclined membrane 24 to the second layer of meridional cable 8, and the membrane buckle 27 connecting the lower end of the vertical membrane 25 to the second layer of meridional cable 8, are both within the range of the gutter membrane 28. Moreover, in order to further ensure that rainwater flowing down along the inclined membrane 24 and the vertical membrane 25 does not drip outside the range of the gutter membrane 28, a waterproof cover membrane is also provided at the lower end of the inclined membrane 24 / vertical membrane 25. Furthermore, such a waterproof cover membrane forms the edge of the upper opening of the gutter membrane 28, thereby guiding rainwater into the groove defined by the gutter membrane 28.

[0073] The advantage of this configuration is that the inclined membrane 24 and the vertical membrane 25 form the roof of the building, while also serving as the first layer for rainwater shelter / collection; while the gutter membrane 28 serves as the second layer for rainwater shelter / collection, further preventing rainwater from dripping from the second layer through the meridional cable 8 into the interior space of the building.

[0074] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cable-membrane roof system with discontinuous boundaries, characterized in that, Includes discontinuous rigid boundaries and double-layered cable nets, among which The discontinuous rigid boundary includes a pair of boundary open beams and a multi-chord truss, the pair of boundary open beams being parallel to each other and extending in a first linear configuration; the multi-chord truss extending in a second linear configuration; the pair of boundary open beams having a first end and a second end, the multi-chord truss having a third end and a fourth end, wherein the first end and the third end are separated from each other, and the second end and the fourth end are separated from each other; The double-layer cable net includes a first layer of warp and weft cable net and a second layer of warp and weft cable net. The first layer of warp and weft cable net includes a number of first layer of warp cables and a number of first layer of weft cables. The second layer of warp and weft cable net includes a number of second layer of warp cables and a number of second layer of weft cables. The pair of boundary opening beams includes a first boundary opening beam and a second boundary opening beam, with the two ends of each first layer latitudinal cable connected to different points on the first boundary opening beam, and the two ends of each second layer latitudinal cable connected to different points on the second boundary opening beam. The multi-chord truss has a corresponding number of chords, one of which is the main load-bearing chord. One end of each of the first-layer meridional cables and / or the second-layer meridional cables is connected to a different point of the main load-bearing chord. The other end of each of the first-layer meridional cables is connected to a different point of the first boundary opening beam. The other end of each of the second-layer meridional cables is connected to a different point of the second boundary opening beam.

2. The cable-membrane roof system with discontinuous boundaries according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-chord truss also includes a vertical stiffness chord, which is located below the main load-bearing chord. The curvature of the vertical stiffness chord is less than that of the main load-bearing chord, and the vertical stiffness chord and the main load-bearing chord intersect each other at their respective ends.

3. The cable-membrane roof system with discontinuous boundaries according to claim 2, characterized in that, The vertical stiffness chord and the main load-bearing chord are respectively connected to the building floor at their respective ends.

4. The cable-membrane roof system with discontinuous boundaries according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-chord truss also includes a two-way chord, which is relatively close to the main load-bearing chord in its respective middle section and relatively far from each other at its respective ends; the two ends of the two-way chord are respectively connected to the corbels of the building.

5. The cable-membrane roof system with discontinuous boundaries according to claim 4, characterized in that, The two ends of the bidirectional chord are respectively provided with additional chords. One end of the additional chord is connected to the section of the bidirectional chord near its corresponding end, and the other end of the additional chord is connected to the corbel of the building.

6. The cable-membrane roof system with discontinuous boundaries according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, Any two chords in the multi-chord truss are connected to each other through web members.

7. The cable-membrane roof system with discontinuous boundaries according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first boundary opening beam is located above the second boundary opening beam. The first boundary opening beam and the second boundary opening beam are connected to each other by several connecting rods. The second boundary opening beam is connected to the floor of the building.

8. The cable-membrane roof system with discontinuous boundaries according to claim 1, characterized in that, A plurality of first-layer meridional cables and a plurality of first-layer latitudinal cables are interconnected at each intersection point by corresponding first-layer bidirectional clamps, and / or a plurality of second-layer meridional cables and a plurality of second-layer latitudinal cables are interconnected at each intersection point by corresponding second-layer bidirectional clamps.

9. The cable-membrane roof system with discontinuous boundaries according to claim 8, characterized in that, In the vertical direction, a number of first-layer meridional cables and a number of second-layer meridional cables correspond one to one, and a number of first-layer latitudinal cables and a number of second-layer latitudinal cables correspond one to one. Each first-layer bidirectional clamp is fixedly connected to the corresponding second-layer bidirectional clamp.

10. The cable-membrane roof system with discontinuous boundaries according to claim 9, characterized in that, An oblique membrane is provided in the forward or reverse direction of the latitudinal direction of the double-layer cable net. For any two adjacent sets of the first layer of warp cables and the second layer of warp cables, one end of the oblique membrane is connected to the first layer of warp cables in front, and the other end is connected to the second layer of warp cables behind.

11. The cable-membrane roof system with discontinuous boundaries according to claim 10, characterized in that, In the vertical direction, a vertical membrane is provided between each group of corresponding first-layer and second-layer meridional cables, and the upper end of the vertical membrane is connected to the corresponding oblique membrane in the first-layer meridional cable.

12. The cable-membrane roof system with discontinuous boundaries according to any one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that, Below each second-layer meridional cable is a gutter membrane extending along its length, the gutter membrane being connected to the second-layer bidirectional clamp of the second-layer meridional cable.

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