A mining method of metal vein wall mining support and filling equipment

Abstract

The present application belongs to the field of vein mining, and particularly relates to a mining method of a metal vein wall mining supporting, protecting, loading and filling equipment, which comprises installing supports side by side at a set position of a working face, and installing a track conveyor in front of the supports. The supports are used to support the roof of the working face. Holes are drilled in the vein wall to be mined and explosives are installed. A guard plate mechanism is lowered to isolate the blasting area. After confirming that the safety conditions for blasting are met, blasting operation is performed. The collapsed ore is loaded into the track conveyor by operating the guard plate loading mechanism, and is transported out of the working face. After the ore loading and transportation are completed, the track conveyor is pushed forward, the supports are pulled away one by one, the filling retaining wall is erected behind the supports, the closed goaf space is formed, and the back part of the closed goaf area is filled with paste. The five functions of supporting, protecting, loading, filling and leaving are organically combined by one machine, the production operation process is optimized, the cyclic production capacity and efficiency are improved, the operation safety and resource utilization rate are improved, the production cost is reduced, and the economic benefit is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of mineral vein mining, and particularly relates to a mining method for a metal vein wall-type mining support and filling equipment. Background Technology

[0002] In the wall mining of metal veins, blasting is still widely used due to its adaptability and simple equipment. However, traditional blasting has drawbacks: the use of beam-column roof support results in low support efficiency; manual handling, erection, and adjustment are cumbersome, severely slowing down the mining cycle; and the support quality and safety are poor. Insufficient initial support force and uneven contact with the roof make it difficult to form effective support. Under the influence of changes in surrounding rock stress or blasting vibrations, the supports are prone to instability and localized roof collapses, posing a serious safety threat to workers. The ore that collapses due to blasting is mainly removed manually using tools such as rakes and shovels (manual slag removal). This process has extremely low production efficiency. Furthermore, backfilling operations at the mining face are mostly carried out separately after the ore is transported out, resulting in delayed backfilling, poor process coordination, and difficulty in providing timely and effective support to the goaf, creating potential roof safety hazards. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a mining method for a metal vein wall-type mining support and charging equipment, so as to solve the technical problems mentioned in the background art.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the specific technical solution of the mining method of the metal vein wall-type mining support and charging equipment of the present invention is as follows: A mining method for a metal vein wall-type mining support and filling equipment, the support and filling equipment includes an adjustable support, a shield beam is rotatably provided on the support via a drive device, and a loading plate is rotatably provided at the end of the shield beam via a drive device. The shield beam and the loading plate are combined to form a guard plate mechanism that can switch between support and loading states. A filling retaining wall is provided at the rear of the support, and the guard plate mechanism and the filling retaining wall are arranged in a front-to-back arrangement. A rail conveyor is installed in front of the support. The mining method includes the following steps: S1. Place the support at the set position on the working face and use the support to provide stable support for the top plate of the working face so that a blasting space is formed between the mine wall and the support. Drill blasting holes on the mine wall to be mined within the blasting space and install explosives into each blasting hole. S2. The shield beam and loading plate are lowered to the ground, so that the protective plate mechanism forms a support state to isolate the blasting space, and a protective cover is placed on the support to protect the internal structure of the support. S3. After confirming that the conditions for blasting are met and the safety is safe, detonate the explosive in the blast hole; S4. By operating the guard plate mechanism, the collapsed ore is scooped into the rail conveyor and transported out of the working face by the rail conveyor. S5. After the ore loading is completed, the conveying equipment is moved forward, the supports are pulled one by one, the filling retaining wall is erected, and the paste filling operation is carried out in the goaf area behind it through the filling retaining wall. After the paste filling is completed, a filling body is formed, and two roadways are left on both sides of the filling body. S6. While the filling operation is underway and the filling material is solidifying, proceed with steps S1 to S4; after the filling material reaches the design strength, proceed with step S5.

[0005] Furthermore, in step S5, the supports and backfill provide stable support for the mining space. The roadway, including the control supports combined with the backfill, supports the roof of the working face and one side of the roadway, forming a safe working space and passage.

[0006] Furthermore, in step S4, while the support continues to support the roof, the protective plate mechanism, which is in the support state, is switched to the loading state to scoop the remaining collapsed ore into the track conveyor and transport it out of the working face.

[0007] Furthermore, in step S5, by adjusting the position of the filling retaining wall or the discharge direction, the paste is controlled to fill from the bottom of the goaf upwards and from one end to the other in multiple rounds.

[0008] Furthermore, in step S5, before the track conveyor and support move, the paste filling the goaf reaches the required support strength.

[0009] Furthermore, the supports are arranged in parallel within the working surface. During the movement of the supports, multiple sets of supports are set up in units of groups, and single groups are pushed at intervals.

[0010] Furthermore, the support is positioned 1.5m-2.5m away from the mine wall within the working face, with a mining step distance of 1m.

[0011] Further safety checks included ventilation and treatment of two loose rocks on the roof.

[0012] Furthermore, the paste used to fill the retaining wall 8 is a high-concentration, rapidly solidifying tailings filling material, which fills the goaf 9 to a height higher than the set height to compensate for subsequent shrinkage.

[0013] The mining method of the metal vein wall-type mining support and charging equipment of the present invention has the following advantages: This invention utilizes a support system to provide stable support between the top and bottom plates of the working face. While the support system supports the top plate, the guard plate mechanism can load collapsed ore. After loading, the machine is moved, and a backfill wall is erected. This backfill wall is then used to fill the goaf area behind the machine with paste. This single machine organically combines five functions: support, protection, loading, filling, and retention. It optimizes the production process, improves cyclical production capacity and efficiency, enhances operational safety and resource utilization, reduces production costs, and increases economic benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a complete flow diagram of a mining method using a metal vein wall-type mining support and charging equipment according to the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the support structure of the present invention before blasting at the working face; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the ore falling and loading after blasting at the working face in this invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the paste filling process after the ore loading of the support of the present invention is completed; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the mining approach for the support structure of the present invention.

[0015] Explanation of markings in the diagram: 1. Mine wall; 2. Roof; 3. Support; 4. Rail conveyor; 5. Ore; 6. Shield beam; 7. Loading plate; 8. Filling retaining wall; 9. Goaf. Detailed Implementation

[0016] To better understand the purpose, structure, and function of this invention, the following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, provides a more detailed account of a mining method for a metal vein wall-type mining support and charging equipment.

[0017] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, this invention relates to a mining method using a metal vein wall-type mining support and charging equipment. The support and filling equipment includes an adjustable support 3. The support 3 is equipped with a shield beam 6 via a drive device, and a loading plate 7 is provided at the end of the shield beam 6 via a drive device. The shield beam 6 and the loading plate 7 are combined to form a guard plate mechanism that can switch between support and loading states. A filling retaining wall 8 is provided at the rear of the support 3. The guard plate mechanism and the filling retaining wall 8 are arranged in a front-to-back manner. A track conveyor 4 is installed in front of the support 3.

[0018] The mining method includes the following steps: S1. Place the support 3 at the set position on the working face and use the support 3 to provide stable support for the top plate 2 of the working face so that a blasting space is formed between the mine wall 1 and the support 3. Drill blasting holes on the mine wall 11 to be mined in the blasting space and install explosives into each blasting hole. S2, the shield beam 6 and the loading plate 7 are lowered to the ground so that the protective plate mechanism forms a support state to isolate the blasting space, and a protective cover is placed on the support 3 to protect the internal structure of the support 3. S3. After confirming that the conditions for blasting are met and the safety is safe, detonate the explosive in the blast hole; S4. By operating the guard plate mechanism, the collapsed ore 5 is scraped into the rail conveyor 4 and transported out of the working face by the rail conveyor 4. After loading of S5 and ore 5, the conveying equipment is pushed forward, the support 3 is pulled one by one, the filling retaining wall 8 is erected, and paste filling operation is carried out on the goaf 9 behind it through the filling retaining wall 8. After the paste filling is completed, a filling body is formed, and two roadways are left on both sides of the filling body. S6. While the filling operation is underway and the filling material is solidifying, proceed with steps S1 to S4; after the filling material reaches the design strength, proceed with step S5.

[0019] In the above-mentioned mining method for metal veins, the support 3 supports the working face, the guard plate mechanism loads and unloads the collapsed ore 5, and the support 3 is protected and the retaining wall 8 fills the goaf 9. The machine completes the organic combination of five functions: support, protection, loading, filling and retention. This optimizes the production operation process, improves the cyclical production capacity and efficiency, improves the safety of operation and resource utilization, reduces production costs, and improves economic benefits.

[0020] When mining at a working face, supports 3 need to be installed side-by-side at designated positions on the wall-type working face facing the vein to be mined. A rail conveyor 4 is installed in front of the supports. Then, the supports 3 support the top plate 2 of the working face, allowing holes to be drilled in the vein wall and explosives to be installed. To prevent ore 5 from damaging the supports 3 during explosive detonation, after the explosives are installed, the protective plate mechanism can be activated to lower the shield beam 6 and the loading plate 7 to the ground, switching to a support state to isolate the blasting space. This way, the ore 5 splashed during the explosive detonation will be blocked by the shield beam 6 and the loading plate 7, protecting the inside of the supports 3 from damage by the ore 5 and extending the service life of the supports 3. Figure 2 As shown, when the guard plate mechanism is switched to the support state, the rail conveyor 4 is also located inside the guard plate mechanism, so that the rail conveyor 4 can also be protected from damage by the ore 5 during the explosion of the explosive, thereby extending the service life of the rail conveyor 4.

[0021] After blasting, a safety check of the working face is required before transporting ore 5 out of the working face using conveyor equipment. The safety check includes ventilation and handling of loose rocks on the roof (roof 2). The inspection and removal of loose rocks on the roof (roof 2) prevents safety accidents such as roof collapse and sidewall spalling. This improves the safety of the working environment for subsequent support, loading, and filling processes, avoids injuries to personnel and equipment due to sudden rockfalls, and enhances the reliability and continuity of the entire mining cycle.

[0022] Then, the support plate mechanism, which is in a supporting state, is switched to a loading state. The collapsed ore 5 is shoveled onto the rail conveyor 4 and transported out of the working face. In step S4, while the support 3 continues to support the roof 2, the support plate mechanism, which is in a supporting state, is switched to a loading state. Initially, some of the ore 5 blocked by the support plate mechanism will roll directly onto the rail conveyor 4. Then, the support plate mechanism is switched to a loading state and a shoveling action is performed to shovel the remaining collapsed ore 5 into the rail conveyor 4 and transport it out of the working face, which is time-saving, labor-saving, convenient, and fast. Among them, the shield beam 6 is linked to the main body of the support 3 through a drive device, which is flexible in operation and has high shoveling efficiency. Compared with the traditional manual shoveling of ore 5, it is faster and less labor-intensive, significantly improving work efficiency. Moreover, there is no need to equip additional loading equipment such as a slag remover, simplifying the equipment configuration of the working face and reducing equipment investment and maintenance costs. At the same time, the use of the rail conveyor 4 can meet the transportation of materials in complex terrain, making it more practical.

[0023] Both the shield beam 6 and the loading plate 7 mentioned above are driven by a drive device, which can adapt to the roof slab 2 of different working face shapes, improving the practicality of the protective plate mechanism. That is to say, if the previous mining operation is not completed, the shield beam 6 and the loading plate 7 can be laid flat or at an angle to closely support the roof slab 2 in front of and on both sides of the working face, facilitating drilling, charging, and packing of blast holes by the operators. Operations must be strictly carried out according to the blasting instructions, as well as the connection of the detonation network. The drive devices used to drive the shield beam 6 and the loading plate 7 are hydraulic cylinders. Hydraulic cylinders have high torque and run smoothly, which can improve the support force and loading effect of the shield beam 6 and the loading plate 7. At the same time, the shield beam 6 and the loading plate 7 are made of steel plates, which have high strength and stable support. It can be understood that the support force and coverage area of ​​the protective plate mechanism are set according to the rock properties and exposed span of the roof slab 2. That is to say, in areas with poor surrounding rock stability or large exposed spans, increasing the support force and coverage area effectively suppresses the subsidence and collapse of the roof slab 2, ensuring operational safety. Of course, in areas where the surrounding rock is relatively intact or the exposed span is small, appropriately reducing the support parameters can also avoid over-support, saving energy consumption and equipment wear.

[0024] After the ore 5 is loaded into the mining face, the track conveyor 4 is moved forward, and the supports 3 are pulled one by one. Then, the filling retaining wall 8 is erected to form a goaf. The filling retaining wall 8 is activated, and paste filling is carried out on the goaf 9 behind it through the filling retaining wall 8. The paste filling material used for filling is pumped to the goaf 9 through filling pipelines. In step S5, by adjusting the position or discharge direction of the filling retaining wall 8, the paste is controlled to fill from the bottom of the goaf 9 upwards and from one end to the other in multiple rounds to evenly distribute the material in the goaf 9, thereby forming effective support for the roof 2. The paste used to fill the filling retaining wall 8 is a high-concentration, fast-setting tailings filling material, and its filling height in the goaf 9 is higher than the set height to compensate for subsequent shrinkage. After the paste filling is completed, the filling retaining wall 8 is closed and cured for a certain period of time (usually several hours to a day, depending on the paste ratio and strength development requirements) to wait for the filling to solidify. During the backfilling operation and the solidification of the backfill material, steps S1 to S4 are carried out. After the backfill material reaches the design strength, step S5 is performed. That is, before the track conveyor 4 and the support 3 move, the paste filling the goaf 9 meets the support strength. After it can bear a certain load, the special support 3 can be pushed forward as a whole to the next working position, and a new mining, support, loading, and backfilling cycle begins.

[0025] In the above, the supports 3 are arranged side by side on the working surface. To prevent safety issues arising from the lack of support for the filling retaining wall 8 when the supports 3 gradually push the filling retaining wall forward, the supports 3 are set up in groups and divided into multiple groups during the movement process. The pushing process is set to intermittent single-group pushing. Using intermittent forward pushing can give the filling body sufficient time to solidify, reduce the occurrence of safety accidents, and also prevent the filling body from becoming structurally unstable due to insufficient solidification time.

[0026] It should be noted that the support 3 is positioned 1.5m-2.5m away from the mine wall within the working face, with a mining step distance of 1m. This ensures effective pre-support for the soon-to-be-exposed roof 2 before blasting operations, while also providing ample operating space for drilling, charging, and other blasting preparation work.

[0027] In step S5, the support 3 and the backfill material provide stable support for the mining space, leaving two roadways on both sides of the backfill material. The roadways, including the control support 3 combined with the backfill material, support the working face and the roof 22 on one side of the roadway, forming a safe working space and passageway. This forms a complete working system with the working face, encompassing ventilation, transportation, mining, and personnel access. This invention organically combines five functions—support, protection, loading, filling, and retention—in one machine, optimizing the production process, improving cyclical production capacity and efficiency, enhancing operational safety and resource utilization, reducing production costs, and increasing economic benefits.

[0028] The main body of the support 3 mentioned above is hydraulically driven, which has sufficient support strength and stability. The hydraulic drive is preferably hydraulic cylinder driven adjustment, so that the support 3 can be quickly supported and separated from the top plate 2 of the working face, so that the support 3 can move within the working face. Compared with the traditional top plate 2 support beam and column combination support, it is more efficient and more practical.

[0029] This support and charging equipment is suitable for working faces with a vein dip angle of less than 35° and a mining thickness of 1.3 to 5m. The length of the working face can be flexibly selected and set according to specific conditions such as the actual ore body thickness, rock stability, and mechanical equipment capabilities, which will not be elaborated on here.

[0030] It is understood that the present invention has been described through some embodiments, and those skilled in the art will recognize that various changes or equivalent substitutions can be made to these features and embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Furthermore, under the teachings of the present invention, these features and embodiments can be modified to adapt to specific situations and materials without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, and all embodiments falling within the scope of the claims of this application are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mining method for a metal vein wall-type mining support and charging equipment, characterized in that: The support and filling equipment includes an adjustable support (3), a shield beam (6) is provided on the support (3) by a drive device, and a loading plate (7) is provided on the end of the shield beam (6) by a drive device. The shield beam (6) and the loading plate (7) are combined to form a guard plate mechanism that can switch between support and loading states. A filling retaining wall (8) is provided at the rear of the support (3). The guard plate mechanism and the filling retaining wall (8) are arranged in front and back opposite each other. A rail conveyor (4) is installed in front of the support (3). The mining method includes the following steps: S1. Place the support (3) at the set position on the working face and use the support (3) to provide stable support for the top plate (2) of the working face so that a blasting space is formed between the mine wall and the support (3). Drill blasting holes on the mine wall (1) to be mined in the blasting space and install explosives into each blasting hole. S2, the shield beam (6) and the loading plate (7) are lowered to the ground so that the protective plate mechanism forms a support state to isolate the blasting space, and a protective cover is placed on the support (3) to protect the internal structure of the support (3); S3. After confirming that the conditions for blasting are met and the safety is safe, detonate the explosive in the blast hole; S4. By operating the guard plate mechanism, the collapsed ore (5) is scraped into the rail conveyor (4) and transported out of the working face by the rail conveyor (4); S5. After the ore (5) is loaded, the rail conveyor (4) is pushed forward, the support (3) is pulled one by one, the filling retaining wall (8) is erected, and the paste filling operation is carried out on the goaf (9) behind it through the filling retaining wall (8). After the paste filling is completed, a filling body is formed, and two roadways are left on both sides of the filling body. S6. While the filling operation is underway and the filling material is solidifying, proceed with steps S1 to S4; after the filling material reaches the design strength, proceed with step S5.

2. The mining method of the metal vein wall-type mining support and charging equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, the support (3) and the filling material provide stable support for the mining space; The roadway includes a control support (3) combined with a backfill body to support the working face and the roof (2) on one side of the roadway, forming a safe working space and passage.

3. The mining method of the metal vein wall-type mining support and charging equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S4, while the support (3) continues to support the top plate (2), the protective plate mechanism in the support state is switched to the loading state to pick up the remaining collapsed ore (5) into the track conveyor (4) and transport it out of the working face.

4. The mining method of the metal vein wall-type mining support and charging equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S5, by adjusting the position of the filling retaining wall (8) or the discharge direction, the paste is controlled to fill from the bottom of the goaf (9) from bottom to top and from one end to the other in multiple rounds.

5. The mining method of the metal vein wall-type mining support and charging equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, before the track conveyor (4) and the support (3) move, the paste filling the goaf (9) meets the support strength requirements.

6. The mining method of the metal vein wall-type mining support and charging equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that: The supports (3) are arranged in parallel on the working surface. During the movement of the supports (3), multiple sets of supports (3) are set up in groups and pushed in single groups at intervals.

7. The mining method of a metal vein wall-type mining support and charging equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that: The support (3) is located 1.5m-2.5m away from the mine wall within the working face, and the mining step distance is 1m.

8. The mining method of the metal vein wall-type mining support and charging equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The safety confirmation includes ventilation and roof (2) handling of loose rocks.

9. The mining method of a metal vein wall-type mining support and charging equipment according to claim 8, characterized in that: The paste filling the retaining wall (8) is a high-concentration, rapidly solidifying tailings filling material, which fills the goaf (9) to a height higher than the set height to compensate for subsequent shrinkage.

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