An apparatus and method for detecting environmental durability of a polymer-based composite

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of new material testing, in particular to a device and method for detecting environmental durability of polymer-based composite materials, which comprises a reaction cabin, a temperature and humidity adjusting system and a spray generating system arranged on the reaction cabin, a cabin cover which is detachably arranged on the top of the reaction cabin, a loading rod arranged on the cabin cover, the lower end of the loading rod extending into the reaction cabin, the loading rod being used for fixing a sample and applying pressure to the sample, lead glass observation windows which are symmetrically arranged on the two sides of the reaction cabin and are used for connecting external radiation sources, and the temperature and humidity adjusting system and the spray generating system being used for synchronously simulating a hot, humid and salt spray environment in the reaction cabin. The application solves the problem that a hot, humid, salt spray and irradiation multi-field coupling environment cannot be synchronously simulated in the existing device, and the performance of the polymer-based composite material cannot be accurately evaluated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of new material testing technology, and in particular to a device and method for testing the environmental durability of polymer-based composite materials. Background Technology

[0002] Polymer-based composite materials are widely used in structural components of marine equipment such as nuclear-powered ships and deep-sea vehicles due to their high specific strength, excellent corrosion resistance, and strong design flexibility. During service, these materials face the combined effects of multiple environmental factors, including mechanical loads, high temperatures, high humidity, salt spray corrosion, and ionizing radiation from nuclear power systems. These factors cause complex evolutions in the physicochemical properties of the materials, severely impacting their service life and safety. Therefore, accurately assessing the durability of polymer-based composite materials under multi-field coupling environments is crucial for ensuring the safe operation of marine equipment.

[0003] The invention disclosed in CN105973690B, authorized by patent number CN105973690B, is a multi-field coupled environment simulation and online monitoring / observation system. This system, through the setup of a main test chamber, a mechanical loading module, an infrared laser heating device, an X-ray radiation device, and a corrosive gas storage tank, achieves material performance testing under a four-field coupled environment of force, heat, corrosion, and radiation. However, existing devices fail to simulate the high humidity and salt spray environment unique to the marine environment, and cannot achieve synchronous coupling of humidity and salt spray with irradiation and force loads, leading to inaccurate performance evaluation of polymer-based composite materials. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention proposes an environmental durability testing device and method for polymer-based composite materials. By integrating a temperature and humidity control system and a spray generation system in the reaction chamber, and with the loading rod on the chamber cover and lead glass observation windows on both sides of the chamber, it solves the problem that existing devices cannot simultaneously simulate the multi-field coupled environment of heat, humidity, salt spray and irradiation, which leads to inaccurate performance evaluation of polymer-based composite materials.

[0005] The technical solution of this invention is implemented as follows: On one hand, the present invention provides an environmental durability testing device for polymer-based composite materials, comprising a reaction chamber, and a temperature and humidity control system and a spray generation system disposed on the reaction chamber, wherein, The top of the reaction chamber is detachably equipped with a chamber cover, and the chamber cover is equipped with a loading rod. The lower end of the loading rod extends into the interior of the reaction chamber to fix the sample and to apply pressure to the sample. The reaction chamber is symmetrically equipped with lead glass observation windows on both sides for docking with external radiation sources; The temperature and humidity control system and the spray generation system are used to simultaneously simulate a hot, humid, and salt spray environment inside the reaction chamber.

[0006] Based on the above technical solutions, preferably, the temperature and humidity control system includes a heater, a humidifier, a cooler, and a dryer installed on the reaction chamber, wherein, The heating end of the heater, the humidifying end of the humidifier, the cooling end of the cooler, and the drying end of the dryer are all located inside the reaction chamber.

[0007] Based on the above technical solutions, preferably, the temperature and humidity control system further includes a controller located outside the reaction chamber, and temperature and humidity sensors located inside the reaction chamber, wherein... The controller is electrically connected to the heater, the humidifier, the cooler, the dryer, the temperature sensor, and the humidity sensor.

[0008] Based on the above technical solutions, preferably, the spray generating system includes a nozzle, wherein, One end of the nozzle is located inside the reaction chamber, and the other end is connected to an external brine supply pipeline.

[0009] Based on the above technical solutions, preferably, the loading rod includes a first lifting rod, multiple first electric cylinders, and multiple second electric cylinders, wherein, The upper end of the first boom is connected to the hatch cover, and the lower end is provided with an upper base. A lower base is detachably provided at the bottom of the upper base. The first electric cylinder and the second electric cylinder are alternately arranged on the upper base, and their output ends penetrate downward through the upper base; A first spring telescopic rod is vertically arranged on the lower base at the position corresponding to the first electric cylinder, and a second spring telescopic rod is vertically arranged at the position corresponding to the second electric cylinder; Electromagnetic assemblies are provided at the bottom of the output ends of the first and second electric cylinders, and at the top of the first and second spring telescopic rods.

[0010] Based on the above technical solutions, preferably, the electromagnet assembly has a square outer perimeter, and its outer side surface is provided with a magnetic shielding layer, wherein... The magnetic shielding layers on the sides of the horizontally adjacent electromagnet assemblies abut against each other; The thickness of the electromagnet assembly is greater than the thickness of the sample.

[0011] Based on the above technical solutions, preferably, the first electric cylinder and the second spring telescopic rod constitute a first clamping assembly, and the second electric cylinder and the first spring telescopic rod constitute a second clamping assembly, wherein... The first clamping component and the second clamping component work alternately; When the first clamping assembly is working, the first electric cylinder and the electromagnet assembly on the first spring telescopic rod are set to the same polarity, and the first electric cylinder and the electromagnet assembly on the second spring telescopic rod are set to opposite polarities. When the second clamping assembly is working, the second electric cylinder and the electromagnet assembly on the second spring telescopic rod are set to the same polarity, and the second electric cylinder and the electromagnet assembly on the first spring telescopic rod are set to opposite polarities.

[0012] Based on the above technical solutions, preferably, a third electric cylinder is provided at the top of the hatch, and the first boom slides vertically through the hatch, wherein... The output end of the third electric cylinder is connected to the first boom drive.

[0013] Based on the above technical solutions, preferably, a second lifting rod is slidably mounted vertically on the top of the lower base, a groove is provided at the bottom of the upper base, and a support sleeve is provided vertically at the bottom of the interior of the reaction chamber. The top of the support sleeve abuts against the bottom of the lower base; The second rod slides vertically through the lower base, and its upper end is fixed to the inside of the groove by fasteners, while its lower end is provided with a limiting flange. The limiting flange is located inside the support sleeve, and its outer diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the support sleeve.

[0014] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a method for testing the environmental durability of polymer-based composite materials, applied to the above-mentioned testing device, comprising the following steps: S1. Open the hatch and install the test sample at the lower end of the loading rod; S2. Attach a radiation-resistant fiber optic grating sensor to the side surface of the sample, and suspend a gamma ray dose rate monitor next to the sample inside the reaction chamber. Close the chamber cover to place the sample inside the chamber and apply pressure to the sample through the loading rod. S3. Connect the external radiation source to the lead glass observation window so that the radiation enters the cabin. S4. The temperature and humidity control system and the spray generation system are used to simultaneously simulate the hot, humid, and salt spray environment inside the reaction chamber.

[0015] The environmental durability testing device and method for polymer-based composite materials of the present invention have the following advantages over the prior art: (1) By integrating a temperature and humidity control system and a spray generation system on the reaction chamber, and applying mechanical loads with the hatch loading rod and introducing external radiation sources through the lead glass observation window, it is easy to realize the synchronous coupling simulation of five fields of heat, humidity, salt spray, irradiation and mechanical load in the same closed space. This effectively overcomes the shortcomings of existing devices that cannot reproduce the real service environment of marine equipment, and significantly improves the accuracy and engineering applicability of material durability assessment.

[0016] (2) By adopting a mutually exclusive and cooperative clamping structure composed of electromagnet components, the first clamping component and the second clamping component can work alternately periodically through a seamless "repulsion-avoidance-cooperation" switching mechanism. When one set of clamping components clamps the sample, the other set of clamping components automatically detaches from the sample surface, so that the clamped area of ​​the sample is periodically and alternately exposed to irradiation, salt spray and humid heat environment, effectively eliminating the test blind zone caused by traditional clamping methods and significantly improving the comprehensiveness and accuracy of test results.

[0017] (3) By utilizing the physical properties of electromagnets—like poles repel and unlike poles attract—a cross-group cooperative clamping pair is formed between the output end of the first or second electric cylinder and the electromagnet assembly at the top of the non-group spring telescopic rod. This clamping pair utilizes the synergistic cooperation of mechanical clamping force and magnetic attraction force to effectively improve the clamping effect. At the same time, the mutual contact of the magnetic shielding layers on the sides of adjacent electromagnets not only increases the effective contact area between the electromagnet and the sample but also achieves lateral limiting and lifting guidance, further enhancing the clamping effect.

[0018] (4) A stepped loading structure was constructed by rigidly fixing the upper end of the second rod to the groove of the upper base with fasteners, and providing a limiting flange at the lower end that slides through the lower base, in conjunction with the support sleeve at the bottom of the reaction chamber. In the initial stage, the first and second electric cylinders independently provide loading to meet the requirements of conventional testing. When an over-range load needs to be applied, the third electric cylinder starts synchronously, driving the first rod and the upper base to descend as a whole, transferring the additional loading force to the sample, realizing stepless expansion of the loading range, and meeting the testing requirements of materials with different strength grades. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of an environmental durability testing device for polymer-based composite materials according to the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of point A; Figure 3 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a partial cross-section structure; Figure 4 This is a layout diagram of the first and second electric cylinders; In the diagram: 1. Reaction chamber; 2. Temperature and humidity control system; 3. Spray generation system; 11. Cabin cover; 12. Loading rod; 13. Lead glass observation window; 14. Support sleeve; 21. Heater; 22. Humidifier; 23. Cooler; 24. Dryer; 25. Controller; 26. Temperature sensor; 27. Humidity sensor; 31. Nozzle; 111. Third electric cylinder; 121. First lifting rod; 122. First electric cylinder; 123. Second electric cylinder; 124. Upper base; 125. Lower base; 126. First spring telescopic rod; 127. Second spring telescopic rod; 128. Electromagnet assembly; 1241. Groove; 1251. Second lifting rod; 12511. Limiting flange. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0022] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0023] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", and "outer" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of the present invention.

[0024] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0025] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0026] The following disclosure provides numerous different embodiments or examples for implementing various structures of the invention. To simplify the disclosure, specific examples of components and arrangements are described below. These are merely examples and are not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, reference numerals and / or letters may be repeated in different examples. Such repetition is for simplification and clarity and does not in itself indicate a relationship between the various embodiments and / or arrangements discussed. Additionally, examples of various specific processes and materials are provided in this invention; however, those skilled in the art will recognize the applicability of other processes and / or the use of other materials.

[0027] like Figure 1-4 As shown, the present invention provides an environmental durability testing device for polymer-based composite materials, comprising a reaction chamber 1, a temperature and humidity control system 2 and a spray generation system 3 disposed on the reaction chamber 1.

[0028] The reaction chamber 1 is a sealed stainless steel cavity with a detachable cover 11 on top for easy sample loading and unloading. A loading rod 12 is vertically installed in the center of the cover 11, which is used to fix the sample and apply pressure to it. Lead glass observation windows 13 are symmetrically installed on both sides of the reaction chamber 1 for connecting to external gamma-ray or X-ray radiation sources, ensuring efficient penetration of high-energy rays and shielding against external leakage.

[0029] Specifically, the cover 11 and the reaction chamber 1 are connected by flange bolts. Before the test, the cover 11 needs to be completely disassembled. After the sample is installed and the loading rod 12 is pre-clamped, the cover 11 and the loading rod 12 are fastened together to the top of the reaction chamber 1 and sealed and locked by circumferentially distributed fastening bolts to ensure the airtightness and structural stability of the chamber.

[0030] The temperature and humidity control system 2 and the spray generation system 3 work together to accurately construct a triple environment field of heat, humidity and salt spray inside the reaction chamber 1. Combined with external radiation sources and mechanical loads, it is easy to realize the synchronous coupling simulation of five fields of "force-heat-humidity-salt-irradiation" in the same closed space, effectively reproduce the real service conditions of composite materials of nuclear-powered ships, and significantly improve the engineering applicability and data reliability of durability assessment.

[0031] In this embodiment, the temperature and humidity control system 2 consists of a heater 21, a humidifier 22, a cooler 23, a dryer 24, a controller 25, a temperature sensor 26, and a humidity sensor 27. The controller 25 is electrically connected to the heater 21, humidifier 22, cooler 23, dryer 24, temperature sensor 26, and humidity sensor 27 via cables, forming a complete closed-loop control circuit. The controller 25 uses existing PID control to achieve precise temperature and humidity regulation. Its specific control algorithm and program implementation are conventional techniques in the field and will not be described in detail here. The heater 21, humidifier 22, cooler 23, dryer 24, controller 25, temperature sensor 26, and humidity sensor 27 can be any of the existing devices that can achieve the corresponding functions, and their specific structures and principles will not be described in detail.

[0032] Among them, such as Figure 2 As shown, the heating end of heater 21, the humidifying end of humidifier 22, the cooling end of cooler 23, and the drying end of dryer 24 all extend directly into the interior of reaction chamber 1, avoiding energy loss and response delay caused by pipeline transmission. Temperature sensor 26 and humidity sensor 27 collect environmental parameters inside the chamber in real time and feed them back to external controller 25. Controller 25 dynamically adjusts each execution unit to achieve temperature and humidity control, ensuring high-fidelity reproduction of complex environmental curves (such as alternating damp heat), and providing a stable and reliable environmental basis for the study of material aging mechanisms.

[0033] In this embodiment, the spray generation system 3 includes a nozzle 31, one end of which is placed inside the reaction chamber 1, and the other end is connected to an external brine supply pipeline. In this structure, brine is supplied to the nozzle 31 through the brine supply pipeline, and then salt mist is sprayed into the chamber through the nozzle 31 to simulate a high-salt corrosion environment in the ocean. The salt mist has a particle size of 5-20 μm and a concentration of 0.5-5 mL / h.

[0034] To facilitate the collection of waste liquid, a drain outlet is provided at the bottom of reaction chamber 1. After the test, the waste liquid is quickly discharged from the chamber through this drain outlet.

[0035] In this embodiment, the loading rod 12 is composed of a first lifting rod 121, multiple first electric cylinders 122, multiple second electric cylinders 123, an upper base 124, a lower base 125, a first spring telescopic rod 126, a second spring telescopic rod 127, and an electromagnet assembly 128, forming a mutually exclusive cooperative clamping structure.

[0036] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the upper end of the first boom 121 is connected to the hatch cover 11, and the lower end is fixed to the upper base 124. The first electric cylinder 122 and the second electric cylinder 123 are arranged alternately on the upper base 124, and their output ends penetrate downward through the upper base 124. The lower base 125 is connected to the bottom of the upper base 124 through a quick-release structure. At the same time, a first spring telescopic rod 126 is vertically arranged on the lower base 125 at the position corresponding to the first electric cylinder 122, and a second spring telescopic rod 127 is vertically arranged at the position corresponding to the second electric cylinder 123. Electromagnetic assemblies 128 are provided at the bottom of the output ends of the first electric cylinder 122 and the second electric cylinder 123, and at the top of the first spring telescopic rod 126 and the second spring telescopic rod 127.

[0037] The electromagnet assembly 128 has a square outer perimeter, and its outer side surface is provided with a magnetic shielding layer. This magnetic shielding layer is a permalloy layer or other magnetic shielding material layer, with an epoxy insulation treatment on the surface, and an overall thickness of 1.5-4 mm. The magnetic shielding layer provides a low magnetic reluctance bypass for leaking magnetic fields, suppressing unintended magnetic interference from adjacent components and ensuring that the action of a single electric cylinder only affects the component directly below it.

[0038] In addition, such as Figure 3 As shown, the magnetic shielding layers on the sides of the horizontally adjacent electromagnet assemblies 128 abut against each other to increase the effective contact area between the electromagnet assemblies 128 and the sample, thereby improving the clamping effect.

[0039] Furthermore, the thickness of the electromagnet assembly 128 is greater than the thickness of the sample. Therefore, the sides of horizontally adjacent electromagnet assemblies 128 are always in surface contact through the magnetic shielding layer. When the electric cylinder moves downward, it can be guided by the contact surface to prevent deflection. The structure has good stability and further enhances the clamping effect.

[0040] To achieve force measurement, pressure sensors are provided between the output end of the first electric cylinder 122 and the corresponding electromagnet assembly 128, and between the output end of the second electric cylinder 123 and the corresponding electromagnet assembly 128.

[0041] When the first electric cylinder 122 moves downward, its end electromagnet assembly 128 and the top electromagnet assembly 128 of the first spring telescopic rod 126 in the same group generate a repulsive force, causing the first spring telescopic rod 126 to retract and detach from the lower surface of the sample immediately; at the same time, the end electromagnet assembly 128 of the electric cylinder and the top electromagnet assembly 128 of the second spring telescopic rod 127, which is in the extended state, maintain a horizontal distance of 3-8mm (vertical misalignment), and generate an effective attractive force by utilizing the lateral diffusion effect of the electromagnetic magnetic field to form a cross-group cooperative clamping structure.

[0042] The first electric cylinder 122 and the second spring telescopic rod 127 constitute the first clamping assembly, and the second electric cylinder 123 and the first spring telescopic rod 126 constitute the second clamping assembly. The two clamping assemblies work alternately by switching the electromagnetic power on and off and the spring returning to its original position, thereby achieving a seamless "repulsion-avoidance-cooperation" cycle, so that the clamped area of ​​the sample is periodically and alternately exposed, eliminating the blind zone of irradiation and salt spray testing, and making the test results more accurate.

[0043] Based on the above structure, a third electric cylinder 111 is provided on the top of the hatch 11, and the first boom 121 slides vertically through the hatch 11. The output end of the third electric cylinder 111 is connected to the first boom 121 in a transmission connection.

[0044] Specifically, a second lifting rod 1251 is vertically slidably mounted on the top of the lower base 125, and a groove 1241 is provided at the bottom of the upper base 124. The upper end of the second lifting rod 1251 is embedded in the inner side of the groove 1241 and rigidly fixed by fasteners (such as bolts). A support sleeve 14 is vertically mounted at the bottom of the interior of the reaction chamber 1, and the top of the support sleeve 14 abuts against the bottom of the lower base 125 (initial contact forms a stable fulcrum). The second lifting rod 1251 slides vertically through the lower base 125, and its lower end is provided with a limiting flange 12511; the limiting flange 12511 is located inside the support sleeve 14, and its outer diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the support sleeve 14, allowing it to move freely up and down within the sleeve.

[0045] This structure employs a two-stage force loading mechanism. In the initial stage, the clamping force is independently provided by the first electric cylinder 122 and the second electric cylinder 123, meeting conventional testing requirements. When the output force of the first electric cylinder 122 and the second electric cylinder 123 reaches the threshold and the load needs to be increased, the third electric cylinder 111 drives the first lifting rod 121 downward, reducing the distance between the upper base 124 and the lower base 125. The limiting flange 12511 sinks into the support sleeve 14, and the additional force is efficiently transferred to the sample, achieving stepless expansion of the loading range and meeting the testing requirements of materials with different strength grades.

[0046] In addition, such as Figure 4 As shown, the fixture has two clamping stations located on both sides of the first lifting rod 121, which can simultaneously test two samples. By analyzing the test results of the two samples, the results can be compared, thus improving the accuracy of the test.

[0047] It should be noted that the aforementioned spring telescopic rod is an existing spring-type telescopic rod structure, and its specific details will not be elaborated upon. The aforementioned electric cylinder is an existing servo electric cylinder, and its specific structure and control logic will not be elaborated upon.

[0048] Based on the above-mentioned testing device, the present invention provides a method for testing the environmental durability of polymer-based composite materials, comprising the following steps: S1. Open the hatch 11 and install the test sample at the lower end of the loading rod 12; S2. Attach a radiation-resistant fiber optic grating sensor to the surface of the sample and use Bragg wavelength drift to monitor the microscopic damage of the sample in the coupling environment in real time; and suspend a gamma ray dose rate monitor on the side of the sample inside the reaction chamber 1 to provide real-time feedback of the spatial radiation field intensity; fasten the chamber cover 11 to place the sample inside the chamber and apply pressure to the sample through the loading rod 12. S3. Connect the external radiation source to the lead glass observation window 13 so that the radiation enters the cabin. S4. The temperature and humidity control system 2 and the spray generation system 3 are used to simultaneously simulate the hot, humid and salt spray environment inside the reaction chamber 1, so that the sample is exposed to the irradiation, salt spray and hot and humid environment.

[0049] In step S1, after the hatch 11 is opened, the sample is placed on the support plane formed by the tops of multiple electromagnet assemblies 128 on the lower base 125. The first electric cylinder 122 or the second electric cylinder 123 is activated to descend a preset distance to pre-clamp the sample and fix it in place. After fixing, the lower end of the loading rod 12, along with the sample, is placed into the chamber, and then the hatch 11 is fastened and secured with a flange or bolts. After the hatch 11 is fastened, the first electric cylinder 122 or the second electric cylinder 123 is moved upwards to its initial high position, preparing for the subsequent periodic alternating clamping operation of the first and second clamping assemblies.

[0050] In step S2, the first clamping component and the second clamping component perform periodic alternating clamping actions, specifically including the following steps: S21. Initialization phase: Both the first electric cylinder 122 and the second electric cylinder 123 are in the initial high position. The first spring telescopic rod 126 and the second spring telescopic rod 127 are fully extended under the action of their respective built-in springs. The electromagnet assembly 128 at the top of each of them maintains a preset distance from the electromagnet assembly 128 at the bottom of the corresponding electric cylinder output end. All electromagnet assemblies 128 are initially de-energized and have no magnetic force.

[0051] S22, First clamping assembly working stage: The controller 25 sends a downward command to the first electric cylinder 122, and simultaneously energizes and sets the electromagnet assembly 128 at the bottom of the output end of the first electric cylinder 122 and the electromagnet assembly 128 at the top of the first spring telescopic rod 126 to the same polarity, and simultaneously energizes and sets the electromagnet assembly 128 at the top of the second spring telescopic rod 127 to the opposite polarity; during the downward movement of the output end of the first electric cylinder 122, the bottom electromagnet assembly 128 and the top electromagnet assembly 128 of the first spring telescopic rod 126 generate a strong repulsive force, forcing the first spring telescopic rod 126 to overcome the spring force and retract immediately, and its top completely detaches from the sample. The lower surface does not participate in this clamping; at the same time, the output end of the first electric cylinder 122 continues to descend, and its bottom electromagnet assembly 128 and the top electromagnet assembly 128 of the second spring telescopic rod 127 are of opposite polarity. They can generate an effective attraction by utilizing the lateral diffusion effect of the magnetic field, forming a relatively stable cross-group cooperative clamping pair, so that the sample can be clamped by the first electric cylinder 122 and the second spring telescopic rod 127 in a cross-group cooperative manner. The clamping stability is good by utilizing the clamping force and magnetic force; at this time, the second electric cylinder 123 remains in a high-position de-energized state, and its bottom electromagnet assembly 128 and the top electromagnet assembly 128 of the second spring telescopic rod 127 do not interact; S23, First clamping component holding stage: The first electric cylinder 122 maintains the downward position and continuously applies the preset clamping force; the radiation-resistant fiber optic grating sensor collects microscopic damage data of the area in real time, and the gamma ray dose rate monitor records the radiation field intensity simultaneously; the holding time is set according to the actual test plan (e.g., 2–24 hours).

[0052] S24. Switching preparation stage: After the holding time ends, the controller 25 first cuts off the power to the electromagnet assembly 128 at the bottom of the output end of the first electric cylinder 122 and the electromagnet assembly 128 at the top of the second spring telescopic rod 127, eliminating the attraction force; then the output end of the first electric cylinder 122 moves upward to reset to the initial high position, and the first spring telescopic rod 126 pushes the electromagnet assembly 128 at its top to move upward to reset to the initial high position (the electromagnet assembly 128 is in contact with the bottom of the sample).

[0053] S25, Second clamping assembly working stage: The controller 25 sends a downward command to the second electric cylinder 123, and simultaneously energizes and sets the electromagnet assembly 128 at the bottom of the output end of the second electric cylinder 123 and the electromagnet assembly 128 at the top of the second spring telescopic rod 127 to the same polarity; during the downward movement of the output end of the second electric cylinder 123, the bottom electromagnet assembly 128 and the top electromagnet assembly 128 of the second spring telescopic rod 127 generate a strong repulsive force, forcing the second spring telescopic rod 127 to overcome the spring force and retract immediately, and its top completely detaches from the sample. On the surface; at the same time, the output end of the second electric cylinder 123 continues to descend, and its bottom electromagnet assembly 128 and the top electromagnet assembly 128 of the first spring telescopic rod 126, which is in the extended state (at this time, the energized setting is opposite polarity), generate a strong attraction, forming a relatively stable cross-group cooperative clamping pair, and the sample is clamped by the second electric cylinder 123 and the first spring telescopic rod 126 in a cross-group cooperative clamping; at this time, the first electric cylinder 122 remains in a high-position de-energized state, and its bottom electromagnet assembly 128 and the top electromagnet assembly 128 of the first spring telescopic rod 126 do not interact.

[0054] S26, Second clamping component holding stage: The second electric cylinder 123 maintains the downward position and continuously applies the preset clamping force; the radiation-resistant fiber optic grating sensor collects microscopic damage data of the area in real time, and the gamma ray dose rate monitor records the radiation field intensity simultaneously; the holding time is the same as that of stage S23.

[0055] S27. Cyclic execution: Repeat steps S22–S26 to achieve periodic alternation of the first and second clamping components; by adjusting the holding time of each stage, the environmental exposure time and sequence of different areas of the sample can be flexibly controlled to simulate the dynamic changes of material surface load and environmental effects in actual service.

[0056] S28. Loading Range Extension: When an over-range load needs to be applied during testing, the controller 25 synchronously activates the third electric cylinder 111 during the operation of any clamping component, driving the first lifting rod 121 downwards. The first lifting rod 121 then drives the upper base 124 and the second lifting rod 1251 downwards simultaneously. Supported by the support sleeve 14, the lower base 125 remains at a constant height. As the upper base 124 descends, the distance between it and the lower base 125 decreases, thereby lowering the overall position of the first electric cylinder 122 and the second electric cylinder 123 on the upper base 124. This efficiently transfers the additional loading force to the sample, achieving stepless extension of the loading range. During loading, the fiber optic grating sensor continuously monitors the stress-strain response of the sample to ensure the accuracy and safety of the load application.

[0057] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An environmental durability testing device for polymer-based composite materials, characterized in that: Includes a reaction chamber (1), and a temperature and humidity control system (2) and a spray generation system (3) installed on the reaction chamber (1), wherein, The top of the reaction chamber (1) is detachably provided with a cover (11), and a loading rod (12) is provided on the cover (11). The lower end of the loading rod (12) extends into the interior of the reaction chamber (1) to fix the sample and to apply pressure to the sample. The reaction chamber (1) is symmetrically provided with lead glass observation windows (13) on both sides for docking with external radiation sources; The temperature and humidity control system (2) and the spray generation system (3) are used to simultaneously simulate the hot, humid, and salt spray environment inside the reaction chamber (1).

2. The environmental durability testing device for polymer-based composite materials as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature and humidity control system (2) includes a heater (21), a humidifier (22), a cooler (23), and a dryer (24) installed on the reaction chamber (1), wherein, The heating end of the heater (21), the humidifying end of the humidifier (22), the cooling end of the cooler (23), and the drying end of the dryer (24) are all located inside the reaction chamber (1).

3. The environmental durability testing device for polymer-based composite materials as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The temperature and humidity control system (2) further includes a controller (25) located outside the reaction chamber (1), and a temperature sensor (26) and a humidity sensor (27) located inside the reaction chamber (1). The controller (25) is electrically connected to the heater (21), the humidifier (22), the cooler (23), the dryer (24), the temperature sensor (26), and the humidity sensor (27).

4. The environmental durability testing device for polymer-based composite materials as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The spray generating system (3) includes a nozzle (31), wherein, One end of the nozzle (31) is located inside the reaction chamber (1), and the other end is connected to an external brine supply pipeline.

5. The environmental durability testing device for polymer-based composite materials as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The loading rod (12) includes a first lifting rod (121), a plurality of first electric cylinders (122), and a plurality of second electric cylinders (123), wherein, The upper end of the first boom (121) is connected to the hatch (11), and the lower end is provided with an upper base (124). The bottom of the upper base (124) is detachably provided with a lower base (125). The first electric cylinder (122) and the second electric cylinder (123) are alternately arranged on the upper base (124), and their output ends penetrate downward through the upper base (124). A first spring telescopic rod (126) is vertically arranged on the lower base (125) at the position corresponding to the first electric cylinder (122), and a second spring telescopic rod (127) is vertically arranged at the position corresponding to the second electric cylinder (123). Electromagnetic assemblies (128) are provided at the bottom of the output ends of the first electric cylinder (122) and the second electric cylinder (123), and at the top of the first spring telescopic rod (126) and the second spring telescopic rod (127).

6. The environmental durability testing device for polymer-based composite materials as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The electromagnet assembly (128) has a square outer perimeter, and its outer side surface is provided with a magnetic shielding layer. The magnetic shielding layers on the sides of the horizontally adjacent electromagnet assemblies (128) abut against each other; The thickness of the electromagnet assembly (128) is greater than the thickness of the sample.

7. The environmental durability testing device for polymer-based composite materials as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The first electric cylinder (122) and the second spring telescopic rod (127) constitute a first clamping assembly, and the second electric cylinder (123) and the first spring telescopic rod (126) constitute a second clamping assembly. The first clamping component and the second clamping component work alternately; When the first clamping assembly is working, the first electric cylinder (122) and the electromagnet assembly (128) on the first spring telescopic rod (126) are set to the same polarity, and the first electric cylinder (122) and the electromagnet assembly (128) on the second spring telescopic rod (127) are set to opposite polarities. When the second clamping assembly is working, the second electric cylinder (123) and the electromagnet assembly (128) on the second spring telescopic rod (127) are set to the same polarity, and the second electric cylinder (123) and the electromagnet assembly (128) on the first spring telescopic rod (126) are set to opposite polarities.

8. The environmental durability testing device for polymer-based composite materials as described in claim 5, characterized in that: A third electric cylinder (111) is provided at the top of the hatch (11), and the first boom (121) slides vertically through the hatch (11). The output end of the third electric cylinder (111) is connected to the first boom (121) via a transmission.

9. The environmental durability testing device for polymer-based composite materials as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The lower base (125) is vertically slidably equipped with a second lifting rod (1251) at the top, the upper base (124) has a groove (1241) at the bottom, and the reaction chamber (1) has a vertically slidable support sleeve (14) at the bottom. The top of the support sleeve (14) abuts against the bottom of the lower base (125); The second rod (1251) slides vertically through the lower base (125), and its upper end is fixed to the inside of the groove (1241) by fasteners, and its lower end is provided with a limiting flange (12511). The limiting flange (12511) is located inside the support sleeve (14), and its outer diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the support sleeve (14).

10. A method for testing the environmental durability of polymer-based composite materials, using the testing apparatus as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. Open the hatch (11) and install the test sample at the lower end of the loading rod (12); S2. Attach a radiation-resistant fiber optic grating sensor to the side surface of the sample, and suspend a gamma ray dose rate monitor on the side of the sample inside the reaction chamber (1). Close the chamber cover (11) so that the sample is inside the chamber and apply pressure to the sample through the loading rod (12). S3. Connect the external radiation source to the lead glass observation window (13) so that the radiation enters the cabin. S4. The temperature and humidity control system (2) and the spray generation system (3) are used to simultaneously simulate the hot, humid and salt spray environment inside the reaction chamber (1).

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