The invention provides a five-axis rotary data calibration ball, which comprises a clamping part, a fine adjustment sliding table and a calibration ball, wherein the clamping part is arranged at the upper end of the fine adjustment sliding table; and the calibration ball is arranged at the lower end of the fine adjustment sliding table. At present, the calibration and inspection methods of the five-axis linkage precision can be divided into two types, one type adopts special electronic measurement equipment (such as IBS), and the measurement precision of the special equipment is high, but theequipment is expensive, the operation is complicated, the use threshold is high, and the popularization is not beneficial. And the other is the traditional manual measurement mode, which has the lowest cost but the worst precision, the most operation process steps, different standards of each machine tool factory and poor standardization. Compared with the contact type electronic measuring instrument (IBS) and the non-contact type photoelectric measuring instrument of the existing measuring equipment, the five-axis rotary data calibration ball has the advantages of low cost, simplicity, convenience and easy use, can quickly and accurately calibrate the center of the calibration ball, makes the whole measurement process simple without complicated mathematical calculation, the measuring threshold is reduced, and the method is easy to popularize.