Machine vision-based bolt surface defect detection device

Abstract

The application discloses a bolt surface defect detection device based on machine vision and relates to the technical field of bolt surface defect detection.The device comprises a box body, a U-shaped frame is fixed to the rear end of the top surface of the box body, a camera is installed on the U-shaped frame, a processing device matched with the camera is arranged on the front end surface of the box body, supports are symmetrically arranged to slide on the top surface of the box body, fixing assemblies are arranged on the supports, a driving assembly is further arranged on the top surface of the box body, a strip-shaped opening is arranged at the rear end of the top surface of the box body, a vertical stand is arranged to slide in the strip-shaped opening, a cleaning mechanism is arranged on the vertical stand, a plurality of electric rods are arranged at the bottom of the vertical stand, the fixed ends of the plurality of electric rods are fixed to the inner wall of the box body, and a jacking assembly is arranged between the supports.The driving assembly drives the supports to move synchronously through electric push rods, so that the automatic clamping and fixing of the bolt are realized.The cleaning mechanism can automatically clean the bolt surface dust, oil stains and other impurities before detection, and manual cleaning in advance is not needed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of bolt surface defect detection technology, and more particularly to a bolt surface defect detection device based on machine vision. Background Technology

[0002] The bolt surface defect detection device is an automated device that uses machine vision technology as its core to automatically detect bolt surface defects. Its core is to collect images of the bolt surface through a camera and then analyze and identify the defects through processing equipment.

[0003] The production process of bolts involves multiple stages, including forging, machining, grinding, and heat treatment. Each stage generates a large amount of metal dust and processing dust, which adheres to the bolt surface and is difficult to remove naturally. Simultaneously, during storage and transportation, bolts come into contact with dust from packaging materials, transport vehicles, and the surrounding environment, further accumulating dust on the bolt surface, especially in the threaded gaps and surface depressions, where dust is more likely to hide and is difficult to clean. Residual dust can directly obscure defects on the bolt surface, such as micro-cracks, scratches, and rust, preventing the high-definition camera in the machine vision inspection system from accurately capturing the true image of the bolt surface. This leads to image processing equipment being unable to accurately identify defects, resulting in inspection errors. Defective bolts may be mistakenly identified as qualified products, or defects may be missed due to dust obscuring the bolts, severely impacting inspection accuracy. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the problems in the background art, the present invention proposes a bolt surface defect detection device based on machine vision.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A machine vision-based bolt surface defect detection device includes a housing and also includes: A U-shaped frame is fixed to the rear end of the top surface of the box. A camera for capturing images of the bolt surface is installed on the U-shaped frame via an adjustment component. A processing device that works with the camera is provided on the front surface of the box. The bracket is symmetrically slidably mounted on the top surface of the housing. The bracket is provided with a fixing component for bolt fixing, and the top surface of the housing is also provided with a driving component for driving the bracket to move. A strip-shaped opening is provided at the rear end of the top surface of the box. A support frame is slidably provided inside the strip-shaped opening. A cleaning mechanism for cleaning bolts is provided on the support frame. A multi-section electric rod is provided at the bottom of the support frame. The fixed end of the multi-section electric rod is fixed to the inner wall of the box. A lifting assembly for bolt lifting is provided between the brackets.

[0006] Preferably, the lifting assembly includes a rectangular plate fixed to the inner wall of the box, a miniature electric actuator is fixedly installed on the top surface of the rectangular plate, and the movable end of the miniature electric actuator extends through to the top surface of the box and is fixed to a top plate.

[0007] Preferably, the cleaning mechanism includes a rectangular groove formed on the upright and a bidirectional lead screw rotatably disposed in the rectangular groove. Both ends of the bidirectional lead screw are threadedly connected to threaded sleeves, and the threaded sleeves are slidably disposed with respect to the rectangular groove. An installation block is fixedly connected to the threaded sleeve, and a broom is mounted on the installation block via an installation component. A drive motor is mounted on the top of the bidirectional lead screw, and the drive motor is mounted on the top of the upright.

[0008] Preferably, the mounting component includes a dovetail groove formed on the inner side of the mounting block, a dovetail insert slidably disposed in the dovetail groove, and the dovetail insert is fixedly connected to the broom, and a limiting member for limiting the dovetail insert is provided at the end of the dovetail groove away from the threaded sleeve.

[0009] Preferably, the limiting member includes a torsion spring shaft rotatably disposed at the end of the mounting block, and a limiting rod is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the torsion spring shaft.

[0010] Preferably, the adjustment assembly includes a horizontal linear motor fixedly installed on the top surface of the U-shaped frame, a vertical linear motor installed on the horizontal linear motor, and an electric telescopic rod installed on the vertical linear motor, wherein a camera is fixedly installed on the movable end of the electric telescopic rod.

[0011] Preferably, the fixing assembly includes a short shaft rotatably mounted on the bracket and a fixing plate fixed to the inner end of the short shaft. A servo motor is fixedly mounted on the other end of the short shaft, and the servo motor is mounted on the outer surface of the bracket.

[0012] Preferably, the drive assembly includes a support plate fixed to the top surface of the housing, and an electric actuator is fixedly mounted on the support plate, with the movable end of the electric actuator fixedly connected to the bracket.

[0013] Preferably, a slider is fixed to the bottom surface of the bracket, and a groove that cooperates with the slider is provided on the top surface of the box.

[0014] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. This invention achieves automatic clamping and fixing of bolts by using a drive component to move the bracket synchronously via an electric actuator; the cleaning mechanism automatically cleans dust, oil, and other impurities from the bolt surface before inspection, eliminating the need for manual pre-cleaning; the lifting component uses a miniature electric actuator to raise the top plate, automatically lifting the bolts after inspection for quick handling, significantly reducing labor intensity and preventing bolt damage or contamination from manual handling, while also preventing hand injuries and improving operational safety. Furthermore, the broom, through the cooperation of a dovetail groove and dovetail insert, allows for quick installation and disassembly, and the torsion spring shaft and limiting rod provide convenient operation without complex tools, further enhancing the ease of maintenance. 2. This invention uses a drive component to move two supports closer together or further apart, adjusting the clamping distance; a multi-section electric rod adjusts the height of the stand, and a bidirectional lead screw adjusts the distance between the two brooms, adapting to the cleaning needs of bolts with different diameters; an adjustment component flexibly adjusts the position and height of the camera, adapting to the image acquisition needs of bolts of different specifications. It eliminates the need for separate testing equipment for different bolt specifications, effectively reducing the enterprise's investment cost in testing equipment, improving equipment utilization, and making it suitable for large-scale enterprise testing scenarios involving multiple bolt specifications. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure from a frontal view provided according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown; Figure 2 A top-down view structural schematic diagram is shown according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 A schematic cross-sectional view of the structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of the adjustment component provided according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the cleaning mechanism provided according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the connection between the broom and the mounting block according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown; Figure 7 for Figure 6 A magnified view of a section at point A in the middle; Figure 8 An exploded view of the connection between the broom and the mounting block according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0016] Legend: 1. Box body; 2. Support plate; 3. U-shaped frame; 4. Electric actuator; 5. Bracket; 6. Fixing plate; 7. Top plate; 8. Camera; 9. Electric telescopic rod; 10. Longitudinal linear motor; 11. Lateral linear motor; 12. Servo motor; 13. Strip opening; 14. Stand; 15. Mounting block; 16. Multi-section electric rod; 17. Miniature electric actuator; 18. Rectangular plate; 19. Drive motor; 20. Broom; 21. Rectangular groove; 22. Two-way lead screw; 23. Threaded sleeve; 24. Dovetail insert; 25. Torsion spring shaft; 26. Limiting rod; 27. Dovetail groove; 28. Processing equipment. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] Please see Figure 1 - Figure 8 The present invention provides a technical solution: The machine vision-based bolt surface defect detection device includes a housing 1, which serves as the mounting foundation and load-bearing carrier for the entire device. Made of high-strength stainless steel, the housing 1 ensures the stability and load-bearing capacity of the overall structure, preventing component loosening or displacement due to vibrations during operation, thus maintaining detection accuracy. Furthermore, the rust-proofing treatment allows the device to adapt to various complex working environments, such as workshops and outdoors, reducing the corrosion of internal components by moisture and dust, lowering maintenance costs. The hollow structure also facilitates the installation, maintenance, and wiring of internal components, improving the maintainability of the device. The device also includes: The U-shaped frame 3 is fixed to the rear end of the top surface of the housing 1 with bolts, and its opening faces the front end of the housing 1. The material of the U-shaped frame 3 is the same as that of the housing 1 to ensure structural strength. The U-shaped structure provides stable installation support for the adjustment components and the camera 8, ensuring that the camera 8 will not shake during adjustment and improving the stability of image acquisition. The camera 8, which is used to acquire images of the bolt surface, is installed on the U-shaped frame 3 through the adjustment components. The camera 8 is a high-definition industrial camera with a pixel of no less than 1080P and has an autofocus function. It can clearly capture minor defects on the bolt surface, such as cracks, scratches, rust, and deformation. The processing device 28, which works with the camera 8, is fixed to the front end of the housing 1 with bolts. The processing device 28 has a built-in image recognition algorithm and data processing module. It can receive the image data acquired by the camera 8, analyze and process the image, automatically identify bolt surface defects, and display the test results (pass / fail), defect type, and defect location) on the display screen of the processing device 28. At the same time, it can store and export the test data for subsequent traceability and statistics.

[0019] The brackets 5 are symmetrically slidably mounted on the top surface of the housing 1. The brackets 5 have an L-shaped structure; their vertical section is used to install the fixing components, and their horizontal section is used to connect with the drive components. The brackets 5 are equipped with fixing components for bolt fixing, and the top surface of the housing 1 is also equipped with a drive component for moving the brackets 5. The drive component can move the two brackets 5 closer together or further apart, thus adapting to the fixing needs of bolts of different specifications, lengths, and diameters. The symmetrical sliding arrangement of the brackets 5, combined with the driving action of the drive component, allows for flexible adjustment of the distance between the two brackets 5, accommodating bolts of different specifications, improving the versatility of the device, eliminating the need for separate testing equipment for different bolt specifications, and reducing enterprise testing costs. The L-shaped structure of the brackets 5 provides a stable installation position for the fixing components while avoiding interference with other components on the top surface of the housing 1, ensuring the coordinated operation of all components. The fixing components ensure stable bolt fixing, preventing bolt displacement or rotation deviation during testing, ensuring that the camera 8 can comprehensively and clearly capture bolt surface images, improving testing accuracy.

[0020] A strip-shaped opening 13 is opened at the rear end of the top surface of the box 1, located between two supports 5. The length of the strip-shaped opening 13 is adapted to the maximum distance between the two supports 5. A vertical frame 14 is slidably installed inside the strip-shaped opening 13. The vertical frame 14 is vertically set, with its top end extending above the box 1 and its bottom end extending into the box 1. A cleaning mechanism for cleaning bolts is provided on the vertical frame 14. A multi-section electric rod 16 is fixed to the bottom of the vertical frame 14 by a flange. The fixed end of the multi-section electric rod 16 is fixed to the bottom surface of the inner wall of the box 1 by bolts. The multi-section electric rod 16 can drive the vertical frame 14 to slide up and down along the strip-shaped opening 13, thereby adjusting the height of the cleaning mechanism to meet the cleaning needs of bolts of different specifications. The strip-shaped opening 13 provides guidance for the sliding of the stand 14, ensuring that the stand 14 does not deviate during its up-and-down sliding and that the cleaning mechanism can accurately align with the bolts. The multi-section electric rod 16 allows for flexible adjustment of the height of the stand 14, adapting to bolts of different diameters and lengths, thus improving the versatility of the cleaning mechanism. The cleaning mechanism can remove dust, oil, rust, and other impurities from the bolt surface before inspection, preventing impurities from obscuring surface defects and causing blurry images or inaccurate defect identification by the camera 8, thereby improving inspection accuracy. It also reduces contamination of the camera 8 lens by impurities, extending the lifespan of the camera 8. Furthermore, it eliminates the need for manual pre-cleaning of the bolts, further improving inspection efficiency.

[0021] A lifting assembly for bolt lifting is provided between the brackets 5. After bolt inspection, the lifting assembly can lift the bolt from the fixing assembly, making it convenient for workers to quickly pick up and put down the bolt, avoiding contact with the bolt surface during manual handling, which could cause damage or contamination to the bolt. The lifting assembly realizes automatic lifting of bolts after inspection, replacing the manual handling method. On the one hand, it improves work efficiency and reduces the labor intensity of workers. On the other hand, it avoids contact with the bolt surface during manual handling, preventing new scratches and stains from forming on the bolt surface, ensuring the quality of the bolt, and also avoiding possible scratches to the workers' hands when they come into contact with the bolt, thus improving the safety of operation.

[0022] In this invention, the lifting assembly includes a rectangular plate 18 fixed to the inner wall of the housing 1. The rectangular plate 18 provides stable mounting support for the miniature electric actuator 17, ensuring that the miniature electric actuator 17 will not shake during operation and improving the stability of the lifting assembly. The miniature electric actuator 17 is fixedly installed on the top surface of the rectangular plate 18. The miniature electric actuator 17 has a compact structure, runs smoothly, and has moderate thrust, which can accurately control the lifting height of the top plate 7, avoiding excessive lifting force that could damage the bolts, or insufficient lifting force that could not lift the bolts from the fixing assembly. The movable end of the miniature electric actuator 17 extends through the top surface of the housing 1 and is fixed to the top plate 7.

[0023] In this invention, the cleaning mechanism includes a rectangular groove 21 formed on the upright frame 14 and a bidirectional lead screw 22 rotatably disposed within the rectangular groove 21. The rectangular groove 21 is formed along the height direction of the upright frame 14. The two ends of the bidirectional lead screw 22 are rotatably connected to the inner wall of the rectangular groove 21 through bearings to ensure the smooth rotation of the bidirectional lead screw 22. The threads at both ends of the bidirectional lead screw 22 are in opposite directions. With the drive of the drive motor 19, the two threaded sleeves 23 can be driven to move closer or further apart simultaneously, thereby adjusting the distance between the two brooms 20, adapting to bolts of different diameters, and improving the versatility of the cleaning mechanism. The two ends of the bidirectional lead screw 22 are threadedly connected to the threaded sleeves 23, and the threaded sleeves 23 are slidably disposed with respect to the rectangular groove 21. The outer wall of the threaded sleeve 23 is in contact with the inner wall of the rectangular groove 21. The connection prevents the threaded sleeve 23 from rotating with the bidirectional lead screw 22. A mounting block 15 is fixed to the threaded sleeve 23 by bolts, and a broom 20 is mounted on the mounting block 15 by a mounting assembly. The broom 20 uses soft nylon bristles, which are soft and will not scratch the bolt surface. At the same time, the bristle density is high, which can effectively clean the impurities on the bolt surface. A drive motor 19 is mounted on the top of the bidirectional lead screw 22 by a coupling. The drive motor 19 is mounted on the top of the stand 14 by bolts. The drive motor 19 is a stepper motor, which can precisely control the rotation angle and speed of the bidirectional lead screw 22, thereby precisely adjusting the position and cleaning force of the broom 20 to ensure the cleaning effect. At the same time, the stepper motor operates stably and has low noise, which is suitable for long-term continuous operation and improves the reliability of the device.

[0024] In this invention, the mounting assembly includes a dovetail groove 27 formed on the inner side of the mounting block 15. The dovetail groove 27 is formed along the length of the mounting block 15. A dovetail insert 24 is slidably disposed within the dovetail groove 27, and the dovetail insert 24 is fixed to the broom 20 by bolts. The size of the dovetail insert 24 is adapted to the size of the dovetail groove 27, fitting tightly to prevent the dovetail insert 24 from shaking within the dovetail groove 27. A limiting member is provided at the end of the dovetail groove 27 away from the threaded sleeve 23 to limit the dovetail insert 24, which can fix the dovetail insert 24 within the dovetail groove 27 and prevent the broom 20 from falling off during cleaning. The dovetail groove 27 and the dovetail insert 24 are connected by bolts. The combination of component 4 enables the quick installation and removal of broom 20. When the broom 20 is used for a period of time and the bristles are worn or have accumulated a lot of impurities, broom 20 can be quickly disassembled for replacement or cleaning. The operation is convenient and does not require complicated tools, thus improving the maintenance efficiency of the device. The dovetail structure has a good positioning effect, which can prevent broom 20 from shifting or shaking during cleaning, ensuring the stability and uniformity of cleaning. The setting of the limiting component can further fix the dovetail insert 24, preventing broom 20 from falling off due to vibration or collision during cleaning, ensuring the smooth progress of cleaning work, and also improving the safety of the cleaning mechanism.

[0025] In this invention, the limiting component includes a torsion spring shaft 25 rotatably disposed at the end of the mounting block 15. Both ends of the torsion spring shaft 25 are rotatably connected to the mounting block 15 via bearings. A limiting rod 26 is welded to the outer wall of the torsion spring shaft 25. A torsion spring is built into the torsion spring shaft 25; one end of the torsion spring is fixedly connected to the torsion spring shaft 25, and the other end is fixedly connected to the mounting block 15. Under the elastic force of the torsion spring, the limiting rod 26 can tightly fit against the end of the dovetail insert 24, thereby limiting the position of the dovetail insert 24. The torsion spring shaft 25, with its built-in torsion spring, has a simple structure. It is simple, low-cost, and requires no additional power to automatically reset and limit the position of the limit rod 26. It is easy to operate; the operator only needs to move the limit rod 26 to install and remove the dovetail insert 24. The limit rod 26 is welded and fixed to the torsion spring shaft 25, which is firm and can withstand the tension generated by the broom 20 during cleaning, thus preventing limit failure. The torsion spring has stable elasticity, which can ensure the limiting effect of the limit rod 26 on the dovetail insert 24 for a long time, improve the reliability of the installation components, and thus ensure the stable operation of the cleaning mechanism.

[0026] In this invention, the adjustment assembly includes a horizontal linear motor 11 fixedly mounted on the top surface of the U-shaped frame 3, a vertical linear motor 10 mounted on the slider of the horizontal linear motor 11, and an electric telescopic rod 9 mounted on the slider of the vertical linear motor 10. The horizontal linear motor 11 is arranged along the length direction of the U-shaped frame 3, the vertical linear motor 10 is arranged in a direction perpendicular to the horizontal linear motor 11, and the electric telescopic rod 9 is arranged vertically. Its movable end is fixedly mounted with a camera 8 via a flange. The horizontal linear motor 11, the vertical linear motor 10, and the electric telescopic rod 9 are all electrically connected to the processing device 28, and their operation can be precisely controlled by the processing device 28. Among them, the horizontal linear motor 11 can drive the camera... The camera 8 moves laterally, while the longitudinal linear motor 10 drives the camera 8 to move longitudinally. The electric telescopic rod 9 drives the camera 8 to rise and fall vertically. The three work together to enable the camera 8 to move flexibly in three-dimensional space. The position and height of the camera 8 can be precisely adjusted according to the specifications of the bolt and the inspection requirements, ensuring that the camera 8 can comprehensively acquire images of the bolt surface from different angles and distances, avoiding blind spots and improving the comprehensiveness and accuracy of defect identification. The adjustment component is electrically connected to the processing equipment 28 to achieve automated adjustment, eliminating the need for manual adjustment of the camera 8 position, improving inspection efficiency, and avoiding errors caused by manual adjustment, thus ensuring the consistency of inspection accuracy.

[0027] In this invention, the fixing component includes a short shaft rotatably mounted on the vertical section of the support 5 and a fixing plate 6 welded to the inner end of the short shaft. Both ends of the short shaft are rotatably connected to the support 5 via bearings, ensuring smooth rotation of the short shaft. A servo motor 12 is fixedly mounted on the other end of the short shaft via a coupling, and the servo motor 12 is bolted to the outer surface of the support 5. The servo motor 12 is electrically connected to the processing device 28, which can control the rotation angle and speed of the servo motor 12, thereby driving the short shaft and the fixing plate 6 to rotate, thus rotating the bolt. This facilitates the camera 8 in capturing images of the bolt's circumferential surface. The servo motor 12 can precisely control the rotation angle and speed of the fixing plate 6, achieving uniform rotation of the bolt and ensuring that the camera 8 can uniformly capture images of the bolt's circumferential surface, avoiding image blurring or missed shots, and improving the comprehensiveness and accuracy of defect identification. The servo motor 12 is electrically connected to the processing device 28, enabling automated control and working in conjunction with the image acquisition of the camera 8 to further improve detection efficiency.

[0028] In this invention, the drive assembly includes a support plate 2 fixed to one side of the top surface of the housing 1. The support plate 2 is vertically arranged and fixed to the top surface of the housing 1 by bolts. An electric push rod 4 is fixedly installed on the support plate 2 by bolts. The electric push rod 4 is arranged along the length direction of the housing 1. The movable end of the electric push rod 4 is fixed to one of the brackets 5 by bolts. The two brackets 5 are fixedly connected by a connecting rod. When the electric push rod 4 extends or retracts, it can drive the two brackets 5 to slide simultaneously along the top surface of the housing 1. The electric push rod 4 is electrically connected to the processing device 28 and its extension or retraction can be controlled by the processing device 28.

[0029] In this invention, a slider is fixed to the bottom surface of the bracket 5 by bolts. The slider has a T-shaped structure. A groove is provided on the top surface of the box 1 to cooperate with the slider. The groove is opened along the length direction of the box 1. The slider fits tightly with the groove, which can prevent the bracket 5 from shifting or shaking during the sliding process.

[0030] Working principle: When using this invention, the detection parameters such as bolt specifications and detection accuracy are first set by the processing equipment 28. Then, the bolt to be detected is placed on the top plate 7 between the two supports 5. The processing equipment 28 controls the extension and retraction of the electric push rod 4, which drives the two supports 5 to move closer to each other, so that the fixing plate 6 fits against both ends of the bolt, thereby fixing the bolt. Subsequently, the multi-section electric rod 16 is extended and retracted to adjust the height of the stand 14 so that the broom 20 is in contact with the bolt surface. At the same time, the drive motor 19 is rotated to drive the bidirectional lead screw 22 to rotate, and the distance between the two brooms 20 is adjusted so that the brooms 20 are in close contact with the bolt surface. The brooms 20 are started to clean the bolt surface. After cleaning, the multi-section electric rod 16 is retracted to drive the stand 14 and the broom 20 to descend and move away from the bolt. Next, the processing device 28 controls the operation of the adjustment component to adjust the position and height of the camera 8 so that the camera 8 is aligned with the bolt surface. At the same time, the servo motor 12 is controlled to rotate, causing the bolt to rotate at a uniform speed. The camera 8 continuously collects image data of the bolt surface and transmits the image data to the processing device 28. The processing device 28 analyzes and processes the image data through its built-in image recognition algorithm, automatically identifies whether there are defects on the bolt surface, displays the detection results on the display screen, and stores the detection data. After the inspection is completed, if the bolt is qualified, the servo motor 12 is stopped, the electric push rod 4 is extended and retracted, causing the two supports 5 to move away from each other. At the same time, the mini electric push rod 17 is extended and retracted, causing the top plate 7 to rise and lift the bolt. The staff can then remove the bolt. If the bolt is unqualified, the processing equipment 28 will issue an alarm. The staff will then process the defect according to the displayed defect information. After processing, the above inspection process will be repeated or the unqualified bolt will be removed.

[0031] The above description of the embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A bolt surface defect detection device based on machine vision, comprising a housing (1), characterized in that, Also includes: U-shaped frame (3), the U-shaped frame (3) is fixed to the rear end of the top surface of the box (1), and a camera (8) for collecting images of the bolt surface is installed on the U-shaped frame (3) through an adjustment component. A processing device (28) that cooperates with the camera (8) is provided on the front end of the box (1). The bracket (5) is symmetrically slidably arranged on the top surface of the box (1). The bracket (5) is provided with a fixing component for bolt fixing. The top surface of the box (1) is also provided with a driving component for driving the bracket (5) to move. A strip-shaped opening (13) is provided at the rear end of the top surface of the box (1). A support frame (14) is slidably provided inside the strip-shaped opening (13). A cleaning mechanism for cleaning bolts is provided on the support frame (14). A multi-section electric rod (16) is provided at the bottom of the support frame (14). The fixed end of the multi-section electric rod (16) is fixed to the inner wall of the box (1). A lifting assembly for bolt lifting is provided between the brackets (5).

2. The bolt surface defect detection device based on machine vision according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lifting assembly includes a rectangular plate (18) fixed to the inner wall of the box (1), and a miniature electric actuator (17) is fixedly installed on the top surface of the rectangular plate (18). The movable end of the miniature electric actuator (17) extends through to the top surface of the box (1) and is fixed to a top plate (7).

3. The bolt surface defect detection device based on machine vision according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cleaning mechanism includes a rectangular groove (21) opened on the stand (14) and a bidirectional lead screw (22) rotatably disposed in the rectangular groove (21). The two ends of the bidirectional lead screw (22) are threadedly connected to threaded sleeves (23), and the threaded sleeves (23) are slidably disposed with the rectangular groove (21). A mounting block (15) is fixedly connected to the threaded sleeve (23), and a broom (20) is mounted on the mounting block (15) through a mounting assembly. A drive motor (19) is mounted on the top of the bidirectional lead screw (22), and the drive motor (19) is mounted on the top of the stand (14).

4. The bolt surface defect detection device based on machine vision according to claim 3, characterized in that, The mounting assembly includes a dovetail groove (27) on the inner side of the mounting block (15), a dovetail insert (24) is slidably provided in the dovetail groove (27), and the dovetail insert (24) is fixedly connected to the broom (20). A limiting member for limiting the dovetail insert (24) is provided at the end of the dovetail groove (27) away from the threaded sleeve (23).

5. The bolt surface defect detection device based on machine vision according to claim 4, characterized in that, The limiting component includes a torsion spring shaft (25) rotatably disposed at the end of the mounting block (15), and a limiting rod (26) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the torsion spring shaft (25).

6. The bolt surface defect detection device based on machine vision according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adjustment assembly includes a horizontal linear motor (11) fixedly installed on the top surface of the U-shaped frame (3), a vertical linear motor (10) installed on the horizontal linear motor (11), and an electric telescopic rod (9) installed on the vertical linear motor (10). A camera (8) is fixedly installed on the movable end of the electric telescopic rod (9).

7. The bolt surface defect detection device based on machine vision according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fixing assembly includes a short shaft rotatably mounted on the bracket (5) and a fixing plate (6) fixed to the inner end of the short shaft. A servo motor (12) is fixedly mounted on the other end of the short shaft, and the servo motor (12) is mounted on the outer surface of the bracket (5).

8. The bolt surface defect detection device based on machine vision according to claim 7, characterized in that, The drive assembly includes a support plate (2) fixedly attached to the top surface of the housing (1), and an electric push rod (4) is fixedly installed on the support plate (2). The movable end of the electric push rod (4) is fixedly connected to the bracket (5).

9. The bolt surface defect detection device based on machine vision according to claim 8, characterized in that, A slider is fixed to the bottom surface of the bracket (5), and a groove that cooperates with the slider is opened on the top surface of the box (1).

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