Server pass-through hard disk out-of-band monitoring method, device and equipment and storage medium

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of server direct access hard disk out-of-band monitoring method, device, equipment and storage medium, method is by receiving base plate management controller BMC by first communication protocol format sent hard disk monitoring command;The hard disk monitoring command is converted to second communication protocol format and is sent to hard disk, to obtain the response data returned after the hard disk executes the hard disk monitoring command;The response data is converted to the first communication protocol format and is returned to the BMC, can realize the direct out-of-band monitoring of direct access hard disk, without relying on additional intermediate control equipment can acquire the state information and health data of hard disk in real time, reduce hardware cost and system complexity, while ensuring that management controller can accurately master hard disk operating state in multiple operating modes, improve the flexibility and reliability of server hardware management.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of computer server technology, and in particular to a method, apparatus, device, and storage medium for monitoring server through-hard drive outside the band. Background Technology

[0002] The out-of-band monitoring and management function of the Baseboard Management Controller (BMC) (i.e., monitoring hardware directly through an independent channel of the BMC without relying on the host operating system (OS)) plays an important role in hard drive management. However, due to limitations in hardware design, protocol support, and functional positioning, it has the following limitations: (1) BMC cannot communicate directly with pass-through hard drives out of band.

[0003] (2) BMC may require the use of a Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) card to perform out-of-band communication management of hard drives. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main objective of this invention is to provide a method, apparatus, device, and storage medium for out-of-band monitoring of server pass-through hard drives, aiming to solve the technical problem that in the prior art, the baseboard management controller cannot directly monitor the pass-through hard drives out of band, and must rely on a RAID card or SAS controller as an intermediary, which leads to increased hardware costs and the inability to monitor the hard drive status in real time.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for monitoring out-of-band hard drives in a server, the method comprising the following steps: Receive hard disk monitoring commands sent by the Baseboard Management Controller (BMC) via the first communication protocol format; The hard disk monitoring command is converted into a second communication protocol format and sent to the hard disk to obtain the response data returned by the hard disk after executing the hard disk monitoring command; The response data is converted into the first communication protocol format and returned to the BMC.

[0006] Optionally, the hard disk monitoring command sent by the receiving baseboard management controller (BMC) via a first communication protocol format includes: The system receives data signals from the Baseboard Management Controller (BMC) through the communication interface corresponding to the first communication protocol. The data signals are encapsulated with hard disk monitoring commands according to the transmission format of the first communication protocol. The data signal is parsed to obtain a data frame. The data frame conforms to a preset frame structure, which includes a frame header, command number, hard disk number, command type, data length, data body, check bit, and frame tail. The hard disk monitoring command is extracted from the data body to complete the reception of the hard disk monitoring command.

[0007] Optionally, the step of converting the hard disk monitoring command into a second communication protocol format and sending it to the hard disk to obtain response data returned by the hard disk after executing the hard disk monitoring command includes: The microcontroller unit (MCU) on the backplane of the hard drive converts the hard drive monitoring commands into command description blocks (CDB) or ATA command frames in the second communication protocol format according to the pre-stored protocol mapping rules. The communication status between the host operating system and the hard disk is detected. When the host operating system is accessing the hard disk, the system waits for the access to end or switches the communication link through a multiplexer to establish an exclusive communication channel between the backplane of the hard disk and the hard disk. The converted CDB or ATA command frame is sent to the hard disk through the communication interface corresponding to the second communication protocol. Receive response data in the format of the second communication protocol returned after the hard disk executes the CDB or ATA command frame.

[0008] Optionally, the step of converting the hard disk monitoring commands into command description blocks (CDBs) or ATA command frames in a second communication protocol format via the microcontroller unit (MCU) on the backplane of the hard disk according to pre-stored protocol mapping rules includes: The microcontroller unit (MCU) on the hard disk backplane reads the pre-stored protocol mapping rules, parses the current data frame of the first communication protocol carrying the hard disk monitoring command, identifies the frame header of the current data frame and locates the current data body, and extracts the command information in the current data body. According to the mapping relationship defined by the pre-stored protocol mapping rules, the command information is converted into a command description block (CDB) or an ATA command frame in the format corresponding to the second communication protocol.

[0009] Optionally, sending the converted CDB or ATA command frame to the hard disk via the communication interface corresponding to the second communication protocol includes: The MCU on the hard drive backplane controls the communication interface corresponding to the second communication protocol to establish a data transmission link with the hard drive. The converted CDB or ATA command frame is loaded as valid data onto the data transmission link; The valid data is transmitted to the hard disk via the data transmission link.

[0010] Optionally, receiving response data in the format of the second communication protocol returned after the hard disk executes the CDB or the ATA command frame includes: The MCU on the hard disk backplane controls the communication interface corresponding to the second communication protocol to enter the receiving state. The system monitors data signals from the hard disk. When it detects that the hard disk has completed the execution of the CDB or ATA command frame, it receives response data from the hard disk that conforms to the second communication protocol format.

[0011] Optionally, converting the response data into the first communication protocol format and returning it to the BMC includes: The MCU on the hard disk backplane fills the response data into the data body of the current preset frame structure corresponding to the first communication protocol; Generate the corresponding current check bit and current frame tail according to the definition of the current preset frame structure, and assemble them into a complete response data frame; The response data frame is sent to the BMC through the communication interface corresponding to the first communication protocol to complete the return of the response data. The response data is stored in the external storage device on the hard disk backplane for subsequent query by the BMC.

[0012] Secondly, to achieve the above objectives, the present invention also proposes a server pass-through hard drive out-of-band monitoring device, the server pass-through hard drive out-of-band monitoring device comprising: The command receiving module is used to receive hard disk monitoring commands sent by the Baseboard Management Controller (BMC) through a first communication protocol format. The protocol conversion and interaction module is used to convert the hard disk monitoring command into a second communication protocol format and send it to the hard disk to obtain the response data returned by the hard disk after executing the hard disk monitoring command; The response return module is used to convert the response data into the first communication protocol format and return it to the BMC.

[0013] Thirdly, to achieve the above objectives, the present invention also proposes a server pass-through hard drive out-of-band monitoring device, the server pass-through hard drive out-of-band monitoring device comprising: a memory, a processor, and a server pass-through hard drive out-of-band monitoring program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, the server pass-through hard drive out-of-band monitoring program being configured to implement the steps of the server pass-through hard drive out-of-band monitoring method described above.

[0014] Fourthly, to achieve the above objectives, the present invention also proposes a storage medium storing a server pass-through hard disk out-of-band monitoring program, wherein when the server pass-through hard disk out-of-band monitoring program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the server pass-through hard disk out-of-band monitoring method described above.

[0015] The server pass-through hard drive out-of-band monitoring method proposed in this invention receives hard drive monitoring commands sent by the Baseboard Management Controller (BMC) via a first communication protocol format; converts the hard drive monitoring commands into a second communication protocol format and sends them to the hard drive to obtain response data returned by the hard drive after executing the hard drive monitoring commands; converts the response data into the first communication protocol format and returns it to the BMC. This method enables direct out-of-band monitoring of pass-through hard drives, allowing real-time acquisition of hard drive status information and health data without relying on additional intermediate control devices. This reduces hardware costs and system complexity, while ensuring that the management controller can accurately grasp the hard drive's operating status in various operating modes, thus improving the flexibility and reliability of server hardware management. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the device structure of the hardware operating environment involved in the embodiments of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the first embodiment of the server pass-through hard drive out-of-band monitoring method of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the second embodiment of the server pass-through hard drive out-of-band monitoring method of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating the third embodiment of the server pass-through hard drive out-of-band monitoring method of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating the fourth embodiment of the server pass-through hard drive out-of-band monitoring method of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a system structure block diagram corresponding to the server pass-through hard drive out-of-band monitoring method of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the out-of-band monitoring process in the server pass-through hard drive out-of-band monitoring method of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a functional block diagram of the first embodiment of the server-to-hard drive external monitoring device of the present invention.

[0017] The realization of the objective, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0018] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0019] The solution of this invention mainly involves: receiving a hard disk monitoring command sent by the Baseboard Management Controller (BMC) via a first communication protocol format; converting the hard disk monitoring command into a second communication protocol format and sending it to the hard disk to obtain response data returned by the hard disk after executing the hard disk monitoring command; and converting the response data back into the first communication protocol format and returning it to the BMC. This enables direct out-of-band monitoring of pass-through hard disks, allowing real-time acquisition of hard disk status information and health data without relying on additional intermediate control devices. This reduces hardware costs and system complexity, while ensuring that the management controller can accurately grasp the hard disk operating status in various operating modes. This improves the flexibility and reliability of server hardware management and solves the technical problem in the prior art where the baseboard management controller cannot directly monitor pass-through hard disks out of band, and must rely on a RAID card or SAS controller as an intermediary, leading to increased hardware costs and the inability to monitor hard disk status in real time.

[0020] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the device structure of the hardware operating environment involved in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0021] like Figure 1 As shown, the device may include: a processor 1001, such as a CPU; a communication bus 1002; a user interface 1003; a network interface 1004; and a memory 1005. The communication bus 1002 is used to enable communication between these components. The user interface 1003 may include a display screen or an input unit such as a keyboard; optionally, the user interface 1003 may also include a standard wired interface or a wireless interface. The network interface 1004 may optionally include a standard wired interface or a wireless interface (such as a Wi-Fi interface). The memory 1005 may be high-speed RAM or non-volatile memory, such as a disk drive. Optionally, the memory 1005 may also be a storage device independent of the aforementioned processor 1001.

[0022] Those skilled in the art will understand that Figure 1 The device structure shown does not constitute a limitation on the device and may include more or fewer components than shown, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements.

[0023] like Figure 1 As shown, the memory 1005, which serves as a storage medium, may include an operating device, a network communication module, a user interface module, and a server-to-hard disk out-of-band monitoring program.

[0024] The device of this invention calls the server pass-through hard disk out-of-band monitoring program stored in memory 1005 through processor 1001 and performs the following operations: Receive hard disk monitoring commands sent by the Baseboard Management Controller (BMC) via the first communication protocol format; The hard disk monitoring command is converted into a second communication protocol format and sent to the hard disk to obtain the response data returned by the hard disk after executing the hard disk monitoring command; The response data is converted into the first communication protocol format and returned to the BMC.

[0025] The device of this invention calls the server pass-through hard disk out-of-band monitoring program stored in memory 1005 through processor 1001, and also performs the following operations: The system receives data signals from the Baseboard Management Controller (BMC) through the communication interface corresponding to the first communication protocol. The data signals are encapsulated with hard disk monitoring commands according to the transmission format of the first communication protocol. The data signal is parsed to obtain a data frame. The data frame conforms to a preset frame structure, which includes a frame header, command number, hard disk number, command type, data length, data body, check bit, and frame tail. The hard disk monitoring command is extracted from the data body to complete the reception of the hard disk monitoring command.

[0026] The device of this invention calls the server pass-through hard disk out-of-band monitoring program stored in memory 1005 through processor 1001, and also performs the following operations: The microcontroller unit (MCU) on the backplane of the hard drive converts the hard drive monitoring commands into command description blocks (CDB) or ATA command frames in the second communication protocol format according to the pre-stored protocol mapping rules. The communication status between the host operating system and the hard disk is detected. When the host operating system is accessing the hard disk, the system waits for the access to end or switches the communication link through a multiplexer to establish an exclusive communication channel between the backplane of the hard disk and the hard disk. The converted CDB or ATA command frame is sent to the hard disk through the communication interface corresponding to the second communication protocol. Receive response data in the format of the second communication protocol returned after the hard disk executes the CDB or ATA command frame.

[0027] The device of this invention calls the server pass-through hard disk out-of-band monitoring program stored in memory 1005 through processor 1001, and also performs the following operations: The microcontroller unit (MCU) on the hard disk backplane reads the pre-stored protocol mapping rules, parses the current data frame of the first communication protocol carrying the hard disk monitoring command, identifies the frame header of the current data frame and locates the current data body, and extracts the command information in the current data body. According to the mapping relationship defined by the pre-stored protocol mapping rules, the command information is converted into a command description block (CDB) or an ATA command frame in the format corresponding to the second communication protocol.

[0028] The device of this invention calls the server pass-through hard disk out-of-band monitoring program stored in memory 1005 through processor 1001, and also performs the following operations: The MCU on the hard drive backplane controls the communication interface corresponding to the second communication protocol to establish a data transmission link with the hard drive. The converted CDB or ATA command frame is loaded as valid data onto the data transmission link; The valid data is transmitted to the hard disk via the data transmission link.

[0029] The device of this invention calls the server pass-through hard disk out-of-band monitoring program stored in memory 1005 through processor 1001, and also performs the following operations: The MCU on the hard disk backplane controls the communication interface corresponding to the second communication protocol to enter the receiving state. The system monitors data signals from the hard disk. When it detects that the hard disk has completed the execution of the CDB or ATA command frame, it receives response data from the hard disk that conforms to the second communication protocol format.

[0030] The device of this invention calls the server pass-through hard disk out-of-band monitoring program stored in memory 1005 through processor 1001, and also performs the following operations: The MCU on the hard disk backplane fills the response data into the data body of the current preset frame structure corresponding to the first communication protocol; Generate the corresponding current check bit and current frame tail according to the definition of the current preset frame structure, and assemble them into a complete response data frame; The response data frame is sent to the BMC through the communication interface corresponding to the first communication protocol to complete the return of the response data. The response data is stored in the external storage device on the hard disk backplane for subsequent query by the BMC.

[0031] This embodiment, through the above-described scheme, receives hard disk monitoring commands sent by the Baseboard Management Controller (BMC) via a first communication protocol format; converts the hard disk monitoring commands into a second communication protocol format and sends them to the hard disk to obtain response data returned by the hard disk after executing the hard disk monitoring commands; converts the response data into the first communication protocol format and returns it to the BMC. This enables direct out-of-band monitoring of pass-through hard disks, allowing real-time acquisition of hard disk status information and health data without relying on additional intermediate control devices. This reduces hardware costs and system complexity, while ensuring that the management controller can accurately grasp the hard disk operating status in various operating modes, improving the flexibility and reliability of server hardware management.

[0032] Based on the above hardware structure, an embodiment of the server pass-through hard drive out-of-band monitoring method of the present invention is proposed.

[0033] Reference Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the first embodiment of the server pass-through hard drive out-of-band monitoring method of the present invention.

[0034] In the first embodiment, the server pass-through hard drive out-of-band monitoring method includes the following steps: Step S10: Receive the hard disk monitoring command sent by the Baseboard Management Controller (BMC) through the first communication protocol format.

[0035] It should be noted that the hard drive backplane, acting as a communication intermediary, obtains instructions from the BMC for querying or controlling the hard drive status through the first communication protocol link between itself and the Baseboard Management Controller (BMC). This ensures that the backplane can accurately identify the specific monitoring requirements that need to be converted into protocols.

[0036] Step S20: Convert the hard disk monitoring command into a second communication protocol format and send it to the hard disk to obtain the response data returned by the hard disk after executing the hard disk monitoring command.

[0037] It should be understood that the hard drive backplane, acting as a protocol conversion intermediary, converts the acquired monitoring commands into a communication protocol format recognizable by the hard drive and sends them out. At the same time, it listens for and receives feedback information after the hard drive executes the commands, eliminating the protocol barrier between the management controller and the pass-through hard drive, establishing a two-way communication link, ensuring that the monitoring commands can be correctly executed by the hard drive and that the execution results can be effectively transmitted back, thereby realizing the real-time acquisition of the hard drive status.

[0038] Step S30: Convert the response data into the first communication protocol format and return it to the BMC.

[0039] Understandably, the hard drive backplane reconverts the response data returned by the hard drive into a first communication protocol format recognizable by the Baseboard Management Controller (BMC), and transmits it back to the BMC via the communication link, completing a two-way interactive closed loop of monitoring data. This ensures that the BMC can directly parse and utilize the status information returned by the hard drive, thereby achieving effective out-of-band monitoring of the pass-through hard drive.

[0040] This embodiment, through the above-described scheme, receives hard disk monitoring commands sent by the Baseboard Management Controller (BMC) via a first communication protocol format; converts the hard disk monitoring commands into a second communication protocol format and sends them to the hard disk to obtain response data returned by the hard disk after executing the hard disk monitoring commands; converts the response data into the first communication protocol format and returns it to the BMC. This enables direct out-of-band monitoring of pass-through hard disks, allowing real-time acquisition of hard disk status information and health data without relying on additional intermediate control devices. This reduces hardware costs and system complexity, while ensuring that the management controller can accurately grasp the hard disk operating status in various operating modes, improving the flexibility and reliability of server hardware management.

[0041] Furthermore, Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the second embodiment of the server pass-through hard drive out-of-band monitoring method of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 3 As shown, based on the first embodiment, a second embodiment of the server pass-through hard drive out-of-band monitoring method of the present invention is proposed. In this embodiment, step S10 specifically includes the following steps: Step S11: Receive data signals from the Baseboard Management Controller (BMC) through the communication interface corresponding to the first communication protocol. The data signals are encapsulated with hard disk monitoring commands according to the transmission format of the first communication protocol.

[0042] It should be noted that the backplane listens to and captures data signals from the BMC through a communication interface adapted to the first communication protocol. These signals are encapsulated in strict accordance with the transmission format of the first communication protocol, and contain hard disk monitoring commands. This ensures that the two communicating parties interact with data under the same protocol standard, guarantees the standardization and recognizability of command transmission, and provides a data foundation that conforms to the protocol standard for subsequent processing.

[0043] Step S12: Parse the data signal to obtain a data frame. The data frame conforms to a preset frame structure, which includes a frame header, command number, hard disk number, command type, data length, data body, check bit, and frame tail.

[0044] Understandably, the effective data range is defined by the frame header and frame tail in the preset frame structure, the integrity of data transmission is verified by the check bit, and the specific content and target object of the monitoring command are identified based on fields such as command number, hard disk number, command type and data length. In this way, the effective hard disk monitoring command is accurately extracted from the data body, ensuring that the subsequent protocol conversion is based on standardized and reliable data.

[0045] Step S13: Extract the hard disk monitoring command from the data body to complete the reception of the hard disk monitoring command.

[0046] It should be understood that separating the core monitoring instruction content from the data body of the data frame signifies that the hard drive backplane has fully acquired the control intent issued by the baseboard management controller, completed the command reception process at the communication link level, and provided a clear operational object for subsequently converting the command into a protocol format recognizable by the hard drive.

[0047] This embodiment, through the above-described scheme, receives data signals from the Baseboard Management Controller (BMC) via the communication interface corresponding to the first communication protocol. The data signals encapsulate hard disk monitoring commands according to the transmission format of the first communication protocol. The data signals are parsed to obtain data frames, which conform to a preset frame structure. This preset frame structure includes a frame header, command number, hard disk number, command type, data length, data body, checksum, and frame tail. The hard disk monitoring commands are extracted from the data body to complete the reception of the hard disk monitoring commands. This ensures the integrity and accuracy of the monitoring instructions during transmission, effectively preventing monitoring failures caused by data errors or instruction confusion. It ensures that the backplane can reliably obtain control intentions, providing accurate operational basis for subsequent protocol conversion and hard disk interaction, thereby improving the stability and reliability of system communication.

[0048] Furthermore, Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating the third embodiment of the server pass-through hard drive out-of-band monitoring method of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 4 As shown, based on the first embodiment, a third embodiment of the server pass-through hard drive out-of-band monitoring method of the present invention is proposed. In this embodiment, step S20 specifically includes the following steps: Step S21: The microcontroller unit (MCU) on the backplane of the hard disk converts the hard disk monitoring commands into command description blocks (CDB) or ATA command frames in the second communication protocol format according to the pre-stored protocol mapping rules.

[0049] It should be noted that the Microcontroller Unit (MCU) on the hard drive backplane translates the received hard drive monitoring commands into a second communication protocol format that the hard drive can recognize, based on pre-stored protocol mapping rules. Specifically, it generates Command Descriptor Block (CDB) or Advanced Technology Attachment (ATA) command frames, realizing the standardized conversion of management-side commands to storage-side commands, eliminating the barrier of inconsistent communication protocols between the two sides, and ensuring that the hard drive can correctly parse and execute monitoring commands.

[0050] Furthermore, step S21 specifically includes the following steps: The microcontroller unit (MCU) on the hard disk backplane reads the pre-stored protocol mapping rules, parses the current data frame of the first communication protocol carrying the hard disk monitoring command, identifies the frame header of the current data frame and locates the current data body, and extracts the command information in the current data body. According to the mapping relationship defined by the pre-stored protocol mapping rules, the command information is converted into a command description block (CDB) or an ATA command frame in the format corresponding to the second communication protocol.

[0051] It should be understood that the MCU first calls the pre-stored mapping rules as the basis for conversion. By identifying the frame header and locating the data body of the first communication protocol data frame, it accurately extracts the core command information. Then, using the correspondence defined by the mapping rules, it repackages these command information into command description blocks (CDB) or ATA command frames of the second communication protocol standard. This achieves lossless mapping of instruction semantics between different protocols, ensuring that the hard drive can recognize the monitoring intent from the management controller.

[0052] Step S22: Detect the communication status between the host operating system and the hard disk. When the host operating system is accessing the hard disk, wait for the access to end or switch the communication link through a multiplexer to establish an exclusive communication channel between the backplane of the hard disk and the hard disk.

[0053] Understandably, before performing monitoring, the hard drive backplane actively detects the host operating system's hard drive usage status. If a conflict is detected, it ensures that an uninterrupted exclusive communication channel is established between the backplane and the hard drive by waiting for the access to end or by using a multiplexer to switch the physical link. This prevents monitoring commands from colliding with host business data and ensures the stability and integrity of hard drive access.

[0054] Step S23: Send the converted CDB or ATA command frame to the hard disk through the communication interface corresponding to the second communication protocol.

[0055] It should be understood that the hard drive backplane uses the communication interface corresponding to the second communication protocol directly connected to the hard drive to transmit the command description block (CDB) or ATA command frame, which has undergone protocol conversion, as a valid data signal to the hard drive. This ensures that the monitoring commands can truly reach the execution end in a standard format that the hard drive can recognize, providing the necessary command input for the hard drive to perform specific monitoring operations.

[0056] Furthermore, step S23 specifically includes the following steps: The MCU on the hard drive backplane controls the communication interface corresponding to the second communication protocol to establish a data transmission link with the hard drive. The converted CDB or ATA command frame is loaded as valid data onto the data transmission link; The valid data is transmitted to the hard disk via the data transmission link.

[0057] It should be noted that the microcontroller unit (MCU) actively controls the communication interface to establish a data transmission link with the hard disk, and loads the converted command description block (CDB) or ATA command frame as valid data onto this link for transmission. This ensures that the command signal can be stably and reliably transmitted to the hard disk through the physical link, eliminating uncertainties in the signal transmission process and providing physical layer protection for the hard disk to correctly parse and execute monitoring commands.

[0058] Step S24: Receive response data in the format of the second communication protocol returned by the hard disk after executing the CDB or ATA command frame.

[0059] Understandably, after the hard drive completes the execution of the previously issued command description block (CDB) or ATA command frame, the hard drive backplane receives the response data returned by the hard drive in accordance with the second communication protocol format through the second communication protocol interface. This ensures that the execution result of the monitoring command can be accurately captured by the backplane, providing the original data basis for subsequently converting the response data back to the first communication protocol format and feeding it back to the BMC.

[0060] Furthermore, step S24 specifically includes the following steps: The MCU on the hard disk backplane controls the communication interface corresponding to the second communication protocol to enter the receiving state. The system monitors data signals from the hard disk. When it detects that the hard disk has completed the execution of the CDB or ATA command frame, it receives response data from the hard disk that conforms to the second communication protocol format.

[0061] It should be understood that the MCU controls the communication interface to enter the receiving state and listens to the hard disk signal. After detecting that the hard disk has completed the command execution, it receives the response data returned by the hard disk in accordance with the second communication protocol format, realizing the reliable transmission of the command execution result. This provides the necessary raw data foundation for the subsequent conversion of the response data and feedback to the BMC, ensuring the integrity of the monitoring interaction closed loop.

[0062] This embodiment, through the above-described scheme, uses the microcontroller unit (MCU) on the backplane of the hard drive to convert the hard drive monitoring commands into command description blocks (CDB) or ATA command frames in the second communication protocol format according to pre-stored protocol mapping rules; it detects the communication status between the host operating system and the hard drive; when the host operating system is accessing the hard drive, it waits for the access to end or switches the communication link through a multiplexer to establish an exclusive communication channel between the backplane of the hard drive and the hard drive; it sends the converted CDB or ATA command frames to the hard drive through the communication interface corresponding to the second communication protocol; and it receives the response data in the second communication protocol format returned by the hard drive after executing the CDB or ATA command frames. This eliminates the protocol communication barrier between the management controller and the pass-through hard drive, ensuring that monitoring commands are accurately identified and executed by the hard drive. It also effectively avoids communication conflicts between out-of-band monitoring and host in-band services, ensuring the exclusivity and stability of the data transmission link, and achieving real-time and reliable acquisition of hard drive status information. Thus, it completes direct out-of-band monitoring of the hard drive without relying on intermediate control devices, improving the flexibility and security of server hardware management.

[0063] Furthermore, Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating the fourth embodiment of the server pass-through hard drive out-of-band monitoring method of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 5 As shown, based on the first embodiment, a fourth embodiment of the server pass-through hard drive out-of-band monitoring method of the present invention is proposed. In this embodiment, step S30 specifically includes the following steps: Step S31: The response data is filled into the data body of the current preset frame structure corresponding to the first communication protocol through the MCU on the hard disk backplane.

[0064] It should be noted that the microcontroller unit (MCU) on the hard drive backplane fills the raw response data returned by the hard drive into the data body field according to the current preset frame structure requirements of the first communication protocol. This ensures that the response data conforms to the communication format specifications that the BMC can recognize, laying the data foundation for subsequent generation of check bits, assembly of complete data frames, and reliable transmission to the BMC.

[0065] Step S32: Generate the corresponding current check bit and current frame tail according to the definition of the current preset frame structure, and assemble them into a complete response data frame.

[0066] Understandably, the microcontroller calculates and generates the current check bit for verifying data integrity and the current frame tail to mark the end of the frame, based on the specification definition of the current preset frame structure. It then combines these two with the data body to form a complete response data frame, ensuring that the data frame returned to the BMC conforms to the communication protocol standard and has error detection capabilities.

[0067] Step S33: Send the response data frame to the BMC through the communication interface corresponding to the first communication protocol to complete the return of the response data, and store the response data in the storage device attached to the hard disk backplane for subsequent query by the BMC.

[0068] It should be understood that by sending the response data frame back to the baseboard management controller (BMC) through the communication interface corresponding to the first communication protocol to complete the real-time monitoring feedback, and at the same time saving the response data to the storage device attached to the hard disk backplane, the real-time back transmission of monitoring data and persistent caching are combined.

[0069] In the specific implementation, see Figure 6 , Figure 6 This is a system structure block diagram corresponding to the server pass-through hard drive out-of-band monitoring method of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 6As shown, the CPU connects to the SlimSAS1, SlimSAS2 to SlimSASN interfaces on the hard drive backplane via a Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) and a Platform Controller Hub (PCH). Ports 1, 2, and 2 drive Disk1 (SAS), Disk2 (SATA), and DiskN respectively. The CPU connects to the RAID via Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCIe) and to the PCH via a Direct Media Interface (DMI), supporting connection methods such as SlimSAS1 (1-4 hard drives) and SlimSAS2 (5-8 hard drives). The BMC connects to the MCU (Main Control Unit) on the hard drive backplane via an Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C) bus. The BMC's MCU integrates a Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) / Advanced Technology Attachment (ATA) protocol conversion module and a cache unit for Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (SDRAM). The system utilizes the libsgutils2 and libsmartctl utility libraries, working collaboratively through the SMBusSlave and DMI interfaces, to replace the traditional RAID controller solution. This enables the BMC to directly monitor Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) and Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA) hard drives from outside the band. The controller is responsible for signal scheduling, the PCIe link ensures data transmission, another controller assists in management, and I2C communication completes status acquisition. The SlimSAS interface connects SAS and SATA hard drives, ensuring compatibility between the SAS and SATA protocols.

[0070] In the specific implementation, see Figure 7 , Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the out-of-band monitoring process in the server pass-through hard drive out-of-band monitoring method of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 7As shown, the libsgutils2 / libsmartctl library is first loaded through the startup module, and the command number counter is initialized (starting from 0). After confirming successful initialization, SOCKET communication is established to await commands from the upper layer. Then, libsgutils2 / libsmartctl is used to generate a send command and encapsulate a request command frame, which is sent to the Complex Programmable Logic Device (CPLD) via I2C. If the transmission is successful, the CPLD response is received, and the start of frame (SOF), end of frame (EOF), and cyclic redundancy check (CRC) validity are verified. After the verification is successful, the response command is parsed, and libsgutils2 / libsmartctl is used to generate a return result. Finally, the parsed result is returned to the upper layer, and the process ends. If the initialization, transmission, or verification fails, an error is reported and an error log is recorded.

[0071] In this specific implementation, the hard disk backplane is used as a protocol conversion intermediary to enable out-of-band communication between the BMC and the pass-through SAS / SATA hard disks (without relying on the SAS / SATA controller), and to realize functions such as hard disk information query and status monitoring.

[0072] The specific technical solution is as follows: Architecture link: BMC (I2C) ←→ hard disk backplane (protocol conversion module) ←→ SAS / SATA hard disk (SCSI / ATA protocol).

[0073] BMC: 1) Define the mapping rules between I2C and SCSI / ATA, including command encapsulation format, data frame structure, and error handling mechanism.

[0074] 2) Initiate a monitoring command, encapsulate the command into an I2C command through the SCSI / ATA protocol conversion module, send it to the MCU to read the MCU information and return it, and parse it to obtain the monitoring information.

[0075] Hard drive backplate: 1) Implement bidirectional conversion between SCSI / ATA and I2C protocols via MCU, and forward commands and responses.

[0076] 2) MUX enables time-sharing access to the hard disk by the BMC and OS, with the MCU coordinating the switching and protocol conversion.

[0077] 3) The MCU can expand its storage capacity by connecting external storage devices (such as SRAM, EEPROM, Flash, etc.) through external interfaces to store SCSI / ATA commands, interactive data or other information.

[0078] Hard drive: Receives SCSI (SAS disk) or ATA (SATA disk) commands via SAS / SATA interface and returns status / data.

[0079] It should be noted that this embodiment uses the hard drive backplane as a protocol conversion intermediary to achieve out-of-band communication between the BMC and pass-through SAS / SATA hard drives (without relying on the SAS / SATA controller). This enables functions such as hard drive information query and status monitoring, filling the functional gap of not being able to perform out-of-band monitoring and hard drive information updates through the BMC after the pass-through hard drive is plugged in or removed. It has the following beneficial effects: 1. Construct a SCSI / ATA over I2C communication protocol.

[0080] 2. Implemented out-of-band monitoring and management of pass-through hard drives by BMC.

[0081] In terms of hard drive information monitoring, compared with the commonly used RAID card method for managing hard drives, it reduces the investment in RAID card hardware costs, has simple implementation logic, can bypass the limitations of SAS controllers, and flexibly realizes hard drive communication.

[0082] In practical implementation, the mapping rules between I2C and SCSI / ATA are as follows: 1) The interaction between the BMC and the backplane MCU adopts a "request-response" mode with a unified frame format.

[0083] 2) For SAS hard drives (following the SCSI protocol), the core is to encapsulate the SCSICDB (command description block) into an SMBus frame.

[0084] Packaging process example: 1) BMC generates SCSI CDB (e.g., the CDB of INQUIRY hard drive information is 0x120x000x000x000x200x00).

[0085] 2) Encapsulated according to the general frame structure: SOF (0xAA) + command number (0x00) + hard disk number (0x01) + command type (0x01) + data length (0x000x06) + CDB (6 bytes) + CRC + EOF.

[0086] 3) The data is sent to the backplane via I2C. After the backplane parses the data, it extracts the CDB and sends it to the hard drive via the SAS interface.

[0087] Response handling example: 1) The hard drive returns SCSI response data (such as manufacturer information and model returned by INQUIRY), which is packaged on the backplane with the same frame structure (the command type field is set to 0x81, indicating a SCSI response), and sent back to the BMC via I2C. The BMC parses the data body to obtain information.

[0088] The command request format is shown in Table 1 below: Table 1. Example Table of Command Request Format

[0089] The command response format is shown in Table 2 below: Table 2. Example of Command Response Format

[0090] SCSI / ATA Protocol Conversion Module Design Data structure definition: 1) Define the frame format structure, including the command request format and the command response format.

[0091] 2) Define command type constants to distinguish between SCSI commands (0x01), ATA commands (0x02), and their responses (0x81, 0x82).

[0092] 3) Define status codes to indicate the result of command execution.

[0093] Core functionality implementation: 1) Frame packing and unpacking: Handling SOF / EOF identifiers and CRC8 checksums.

[0094] 2) Command frame generation: Generate frames that conform to the specified format for SCSI and ATA commands respectively.

[0095] 3) Response parsing: Use libsgutils2 to parse SCSI responses and libsmartctl to parse ATA responses.

[0096] Open source library integration: 1) Integrate libsgutils2 to handle the generation and parsing of SCSI commands.

[0097] 2) Integrate libsmartctl to handle ATA commands and SMART information parsing.

[0098] 3) Adapting I2C communication between the BMC and CPLD through the device abstraction layer. In this embodiment, the response data is filled into the data body of the current preset frame structure corresponding to the first communication protocol via the MCU on the hard disk backplane. A corresponding current checksum and current frame tail are generated according to the definition of the current preset frame structure, and assembled into a complete response data frame. The response data frame is sent to the BMC through the communication interface corresponding to the first communication protocol to complete the return of the response data. The response data is stored in the external storage device on the hard disk backplane for subsequent querying by the BMC. This ensures that the response data conforms to the communication protocol standard and has integrity verification capabilities, enabling reliable real-time feedback of monitoring information to the management controller. It also provides persistent data caching capabilities, supporting subsequent queries to avoid repeated hard disk access, thereby improving the flexibility of data management, the reliability of communication, and the system operating efficiency.

[0099] Accordingly, the present invention further provides a server pass-through hard drive out-of-band monitoring device.

[0100] Reference Figure 8 , Figure 8 This is a functional block diagram of the first embodiment of the server-to-hard drive external monitoring device of the present invention.

[0101] In a first embodiment of the server pass-through hard drive out-of-band monitoring device of the present invention, the server pass-through hard drive out-of-band monitoring device includes: Command receiving module 10 is used to receive hard disk monitoring commands sent by the baseboard management controller (BMC) through a first communication protocol format.

[0102] The protocol conversion and interaction module 20 is used to convert the hard disk monitoring command into a second communication protocol format and send it to the hard disk to obtain the response data returned by the hard disk after executing the hard disk monitoring command.

[0103] The response return module 30 is used to convert the response data into the first communication protocol format and return it to the BMC.

[0104] The command receiving module 10 is further configured to receive data signals from the baseboard management controller (BMC) through a communication interface corresponding to the first communication protocol. The data signals encapsulate hard disk monitoring commands according to the transmission format of the first communication protocol. The module 10 parses the data signals to obtain data frames. The data frames conform to a preset frame structure, which includes a frame header, command number, hard disk number, command type, data length, data body, check bit, and frame tail. The module 10 extracts the hard disk monitoring commands from the data body to complete the reception of the hard disk monitoring commands.

[0105] The protocol conversion and interaction module 20 is further configured to convert the hard disk monitoring commands into command description blocks (CDB) or ATA command frames in the second communication protocol format via the microcontroller unit (MCU) on the backplane of the hard disk according to pre-stored protocol mapping rules; detect the communication status between the host operating system and the hard disk; when the host operating system is accessing the hard disk, wait for the access to end or switch the communication link through a multiplexer to establish an exclusive communication channel between the backplane of the hard disk and the hard disk; send the converted CDB or ATA command frames to the hard disk through the communication interface corresponding to the second communication protocol; and receive response data in the second communication protocol format returned by the hard disk after executing the CDB or ATA command frames.

[0106] The protocol conversion and interaction module 20 is further configured to read the pre-stored protocol mapping rules through the microcontroller unit (MCU) on the hard disk backplane, parse the current data frame of the first communication protocol carrying the hard disk monitoring command, identify the frame header of the current data frame and locate the current data body, extract the command information in the current data body, and convert the command information into a command description block (CDB) or ATA command frame in the format corresponding to the second communication protocol according to the mapping relationship defined by the pre-stored protocol mapping rules.

[0107] The protocol conversion and interaction module 20 is further configured to control the communication interface corresponding to the second communication protocol through the MCU on the hard disk backplane, establish a data transmission link with the hard disk; load the converted CDB or ATA command frame as valid data onto the data transmission link; and transmit the valid data to the hard disk through the data transmission link.

[0108] The protocol conversion and interaction module 20 is also used to control the communication interface corresponding to the second communication protocol to enter the receiving state through the MCU on the hard disk backplane; to listen to the data signal from the hard disk; and to receive the response data returned by the hard disk in the format of the second communication protocol after the hard disk has completed the execution of the CDB or ATA command frame.

[0109] The response return module 30 is further configured to: fill the response data into the data body of the current preset frame structure corresponding to the first communication protocol through the MCU on the hard disk backplane; generate the corresponding current check bit and current frame tail according to the definition of the current preset frame structure, assemble them into a complete response data frame; send the response data frame to the BMC through the communication interface corresponding to the first communication protocol to complete the return of the response data; and store the response data in the storage device attached to the hard disk backplane for subsequent query by the BMC.

[0110] The steps for implementing each functional module of the server pass-through hard drive out-of-band monitoring device can be referred to in the various embodiments of the server pass-through hard drive out-of-band monitoring method of the present invention, and will not be repeated here.

[0111] Furthermore, this embodiment of the invention also proposes a storage medium storing a server pass-through hard drive out-of-band monitoring program. When the server pass-through hard drive out-of-band monitoring program is executed by a processor, it performs the following operations: Receive hard disk monitoring commands sent by the Baseboard Management Controller (BMC) via the first communication protocol format; The hard disk monitoring command is converted into a second communication protocol format and sent to the hard disk to obtain the response data returned by the hard disk after executing the hard disk monitoring command; The response data is converted into the first communication protocol format and returned to the BMC.

[0112] Furthermore, when the server pass-through hard drive out-of-band monitoring program is executed by the processor, it also performs the following operations: The system receives data signals from the Baseboard Management Controller (BMC) through the communication interface corresponding to the first communication protocol. The data signals are encapsulated with hard disk monitoring commands according to the transmission format of the first communication protocol. The data signal is parsed to obtain a data frame. The data frame conforms to a preset frame structure, which includes a frame header, command number, hard disk number, command type, data length, data body, check bit, and frame tail. The hard disk monitoring command is extracted from the data body to complete the reception of the hard disk monitoring command.

[0113] Furthermore, when the server pass-through hard drive out-of-band monitoring program is executed by the processor, it also performs the following operations: The microcontroller unit (MCU) on the backplane of the hard drive converts the hard drive monitoring commands into command description blocks (CDB) or ATA command frames in the second communication protocol format according to the pre-stored protocol mapping rules. The communication status between the host operating system and the hard disk is detected. When the host operating system is accessing the hard disk, the system waits for the access to end or switches the communication link through a multiplexer to establish an exclusive communication channel between the backplane of the hard disk and the hard disk. The converted CDB or ATA command frame is sent to the hard disk through the communication interface corresponding to the second communication protocol. Receive response data in the format of the second communication protocol returned after the hard disk executes the CDB or ATA command frame.

[0114] Furthermore, when the server pass-through hard drive out-of-band monitoring program is executed by the processor, it also performs the following operations: The microcontroller unit (MCU) on the hard disk backplane reads the pre-stored protocol mapping rules, parses the current data frame of the first communication protocol carrying the hard disk monitoring command, identifies the frame header of the current data frame and locates the current data body, and extracts the command information in the current data body. According to the mapping relationship defined by the pre-stored protocol mapping rules, the command information is converted into a command description block (CDB) or an ATA command frame in the format corresponding to the second communication protocol.

[0115] Furthermore, when the server pass-through hard drive out-of-band monitoring program is executed by the processor, it also performs the following operations: The MCU on the hard drive backplane controls the communication interface corresponding to the second communication protocol to establish a data transmission link with the hard drive. The converted CDB or ATA command frame is loaded as valid data onto the data transmission link; The valid data is transmitted to the hard disk via the data transmission link.

[0116] Furthermore, when the server pass-through hard drive out-of-band monitoring program is executed by the processor, it also performs the following operations: The MCU on the hard disk backplane controls the communication interface corresponding to the second communication protocol to enter the receiving state. The system monitors data signals from the hard disk. When it detects that the hard disk has completed the execution of the CDB or ATA command frame, it receives response data from the hard disk that conforms to the second communication protocol format.

[0117] Furthermore, when the server pass-through hard drive out-of-band monitoring program is executed by the processor, it also performs the following operations: The MCU on the hard disk backplane fills the response data into the data body of the current preset frame structure corresponding to the first communication protocol; Generate the corresponding current check bit and current frame tail according to the definition of the current preset frame structure, and assemble them into a complete response data frame; The response data frame is sent to the BMC through the communication interface corresponding to the first communication protocol to complete the return of the response data. The response data is stored in the external storage device on the hard disk backplane for subsequent query by the BMC.

[0118] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps in the methods described above can be implemented by a program instructing related hardware. The program is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a device (which may be a microcontroller, chip, etc.) or processor to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium is a computer-readable storage medium, including: USB flash drive, mobile hard drive, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disk or optical disk, and other media that can store program code.

[0119] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Unless otherwise specified, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element.

[0120] The sequence numbers of the above embodiments of the present invention are for descriptive purposes only and do not represent the superiority or inferiority of the embodiments.

[0121] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the scope of the patent. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the description and drawings of the present invention, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the scope of patent protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring out-of-band hard drives directly from a server, characterized in that, The server pass-through hard drive out-of-band monitoring method includes: Receive hard disk monitoring commands sent by the Baseboard Management Controller (BMC) via the first communication protocol format; The hard disk monitoring command is converted into a second communication protocol format and sent to the hard disk to obtain the response data returned by the hard disk after executing the hard disk monitoring command; The response data is converted into the first communication protocol format and returned to the BMC.

2. The server pass-through hard drive out-of-band monitoring method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The hard disk monitoring commands sent by the receiving substrate management controller (BMC) via a first communication protocol format include: The system receives data signals from the Baseboard Management Controller (BMC) through the communication interface corresponding to the first communication protocol. The data signals are encapsulated with hard disk monitoring commands according to the transmission format of the first communication protocol. The data signal is parsed to obtain a data frame. The data frame conforms to a preset frame structure, which includes a frame header, command number, hard disk number, command type, data length, data body, check bit, and frame tail. The hard disk monitoring command is extracted from the data body to complete the reception of the hard disk monitoring command.

3. The server pass-through hard drive out-of-band monitoring method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The step of converting the hard disk monitoring command into a second communication protocol format and sending it to the hard disk to obtain the response data returned by the hard disk after executing the hard disk monitoring command includes: The microcontroller unit (MCU) on the backplane of the hard drive converts the hard drive monitoring commands into command description blocks (CDBs) or ATA command frames in the second communication protocol format according to the pre-stored protocol mapping rules. The communication status between the host operating system and the hard disk is detected. When the host operating system is accessing the hard disk, the system waits for the access to end or switches the communication link through a multiplexer to establish an exclusive communication channel between the backplane of the hard disk and the hard disk. The converted CDB or ATA command frame is sent to the hard disk through the communication interface corresponding to the second communication protocol. Receive response data in the format of the second communication protocol returned after the hard disk executes the CDB or ATA command frame.

4. The server pass-through hard drive out-of-band monitoring method as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The process of converting hard drive monitoring commands into command description blocks (CDBs) or ATA command frames in a second communication protocol format via the microcontroller unit (MCU) on the backplane of the hard drive according to pre-stored protocol mapping rules includes: The microcontroller unit (MCU) on the hard disk backplane reads the pre-stored protocol mapping rules, parses the current data frame of the first communication protocol carrying the hard disk monitoring command, identifies the frame header of the current data frame and locates the current data body, and extracts the command information in the current data body. According to the mapping relationship defined by the pre-stored protocol mapping rules, the command information is converted into a command description block (CDB) or an ATA command frame in the format corresponding to the second communication protocol.

5. The server pass-through hard drive out-of-band monitoring method as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The step of sending the converted CDB or ATA command frame to the hard disk through the communication interface corresponding to the second communication protocol includes: The MCU on the hard drive backplane controls the communication interface corresponding to the second communication protocol to establish a data transmission link with the hard drive. The converted CDB or ATA command frame is loaded as valid data onto the data transmission link; The valid data is transmitted to the hard disk via the data transmission link.

6. The server pass-through hard drive out-of-band monitoring method as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The response data in the format of the second communication protocol returned after the hard disk executes the CDB or the ATA command frame includes: The MCU on the hard disk backplane controls the communication interface corresponding to the second communication protocol to enter the receiving state. The system monitors data signals from the hard disk. When it detects that the hard disk has completed the execution of the CDB or ATA command frame, it receives response data from the hard disk that conforms to the second communication protocol format.

7. The server pass-through hard drive out-of-band monitoring method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The step of converting the response data into the first communication protocol format and returning it to the BMC includes: The MCU on the hard disk backplane fills the response data into the data body of the current preset frame structure corresponding to the first communication protocol; Generate the corresponding current check bit and current frame tail according to the definition of the current preset frame structure, and assemble them into a complete response data frame; The response data frame is sent to the BMC through the communication interface corresponding to the first communication protocol to complete the return of the response data. The response data is stored in the external storage device on the hard disk backplane for subsequent query by the BMC.

8. A server with direct hard drive access and external monitoring device, characterized in that, The server pass-through hard drive external monitoring device includes: The command receiving module is used to receive hard disk monitoring commands sent by the Baseboard Management Controller (BMC) through a first communication protocol format. The protocol conversion and interaction module is used to convert the hard disk monitoring command into a second communication protocol format and send it to the hard disk to obtain the response data returned by the hard disk after executing the hard disk monitoring command; The response return module is used to convert the response data into the first communication protocol format and return it to the BMC.

9. A server-to-hard drive with external monitoring equipment, characterized in that, The server pass-through hard drive out-of-band monitoring device includes: a memory, a processor, and a server pass-through hard drive out-of-band monitoring program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the server pass-through hard drive out-of-band monitoring program is configured to implement the steps of the server pass-through hard drive out-of-band monitoring method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A storage medium, characterized in that, The storage medium stores a server pass-through hard drive out-of-band monitoring program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the server pass-through hard drive out-of-band monitoring method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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