Compression head for a homogenization device

Abstract

A compression head (100) for a homogenization plant, the compression head (100) comprising: - at least two interconnected solid units (101, 102) defining at least one interface (103); - at least one gasket (3) arranged in a recess (104) provided at the interface (103) and delimited by surfaces (105, 106) of said solid units (101, 102), the gasket (3) comprising a biconical hollow body (4) having rotational symmetry, the hollow body (4) being fitted in the recess (104), the hollow body (4) being made of a metal, a metal alloy or a ceramic material, the hollow body (4) comprising a core (41) having a cylindrical shape, a first end (42) and a second end (43) respectively starting from opposite sides of the core (41), the first end (42) and the second end (43) each having a truncated conical shape.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a compression head for a homogenizing device. This compression head can also be used in a high-pressure pump.

[0002] The invention presented herein can be used in the manufacturing field, wherein homogenization under high pressure is a step in the production process in industries such as chemicals, pharmaceuticals, or cosmetics.

[0003] In this context, "high pressure" refers to a pressure equal to or higher than 600 bar. This invention was developed to address some key issues encountered primarily in homogenization under high pressure, but it will also be beneficial in applications at lower pressures.

[0004] This invention can also be used in the food industry involving homogenization, particularly in the dairy or food and beverage industries.

[0005] Another application of this invention is the production of carbon-based nanostructured materials, such as graphene and carbon nanotubes, or the decomposition of yeast, algae, or microorganisms to produce intracellular substances. Background Technology

[0006] As is well known, a homogenizing compressor head or block includes a high-pressure pump and a homogenizing valve assembly acting on a fluid product containing particles, so as to:

[0007] - In the case of emulsions, pulverizing the particles to make them uniform in size reduces the average particle size and variance of the distribution, thereby stabilizing the product and increasing its shelf life;

[0008] - In pharmaceutical applications, cell membranes are disrupted to facilitate the extraction of active ingredients;

[0009] - In the case of chemical applications and cellulose, the structure of the particles is altered.

[0010] According to a known scheme, a homogenizing valve is placed downstream of a piston pump and includes a first chamber that receives high-pressure fluid from the pump's output and a second chamber that supplies homogenizing fluid with a low-pressure output. Homogenization is achieved by forcing the fluid through a narrowed gap or notch provided between the first and second chambers.

[0011] In high-pressure homogenization equipment, preventing fluid leakage from the processing area is crucial, as fluid leakage can lead to fluid and / or environmental pollution, chemical or biological risks, electrical short circuits, high-pressure pump / homogenizer malfunctions or blockages, fire risks, and even explosion risks.

[0012] In currently available solutions, toroidal washers (often referred to as "O-rings") or spring washers are used to prevent leaks. Toroidal washers are mechanical washers that are shaped like toroids.

[0013] Both the O-ring and the spring washer are designed to be placed within the groove and compressed during assembly between two or more parts, thereby forming a seal at the interface.

[0014] Known washers are made of plastic materials, elastomer compounds, or a combination of plastic and elastomer materials to facilitate assembly into grooves.

[0015] Among plastic materials, the most commonly used are PEEK, PTFE, PVC, PVDF, polyethylene, polyamide, nylon, and polyurethane.

[0016] Among elastomer composites, the most commonly used are EPDM, FKM, FFKM, and NBR.

[0017] The main disadvantage of washers is that their service life is reduced due to one or more of the following conditions:

[0018] - Very high pressure, i.e., 2000 bar and higher;

[0019] - Pulse pressure;

[0020] - High temperature, such as a temperature above the melting point of the gasket material;

[0021] - Low temperature, such as below 0°C;

[0022] - Cavitation phenomenon;

[0023] - Exposure to fibrous fluids that are more abrasive to the surface;

[0024] - Corrosive chemical products.

[0025] Even if one or more of these conditions occur in the short term, deformation, melting, cracking, or even irreversible damage may occur.

[0026] Washers wear out faster and must be replaced more frequently, resulting in downtime for production equipment.

[0027] To increase the lifespan of plastic / elastomer gaskets, another option is to attach them to a metal or plastic ring (i.e. made of stainless steel, PEEK, or PTFE, etc.) that acts as a protective and anti-extrusion barrier for the gasket.

[0028] Metal gaskets or seals of various shapes are used in oil and gas, chemical, automotive, industrial automation, shipbuilding and other industrial fields.

[0029] Known metal washers used in these applications include:

[0030] - Flat washers;

[0031] - A flat washer with a circular cross-section;

[0032] - R-ring joints;

[0033] - R-type, BX-type, and RX-type ring joint washers with elliptical or octagonal cross-sections;

[0034] - Lens-shaped gasket;

[0035] - Triangular washer;

[0036] - Welded ring gaskets;

[0037] - Welded membrane gasket.

[0038] These washers are typically made from one of the following materials: soft iron, low carbon steel, stainless steel, copper, aluminum, nickel, or nickel-based alloys such as Monel® or Inconel®.

[0039] However, commercially available metal gaskets are not suitable for use in homogenization equipment because they cannot withstand the aforementioned key factors, namely high pressure, pulse pressure, high / low temperature, cavitation, and exposure to fibrous fluids or corrosive chemicals.

[0040] Furthermore, known metal gaskets do not provide a reliable seal. In fact, some unacceptable leaks may occur in homogenization equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0041] In this context, the object of the present invention is to provide a compression head for a homogenizing device that overcomes the aforementioned problems of the prior art.

[0042] In particular, the object of the present invention is to provide a compression head for a homogenizing device, wherein maintenance operations are reduced, especially maintenance operations due to the replacement of worn washers, thereby also reducing equipment downtime.

[0043] Another object of the present invention is to provide a compression head for a homogenizing device, wherein the gasket / seal has an increased service life compared with the prior art.

[0044] Another object of the present invention is to provide a compression head for a homogenizing device that is better able to withstand critical factors such as high pressure, pulse pressure, high / low temperature, cavitation, exposure to fibrous fluids or corrosive chemicals, especially compared to known solutions.

[0045] Another object of the present invention is to provide a compression head for a homogenizing device, which has a gasket that is easier and faster to replace.

[0046] Another object of the present invention is to provide a compression head for a homogenizing device having a gasket system that provides a reliable sealing effect.

[0047] Another object of the present invention is to provide a compression head for a homogenizing device having gaskets that are universal across several interfaces in order to reduce assembly and storage operations.

[0048] The technical task and specified objectives are essentially achieved through a compression head for a homogenizing device, the compression head comprising:

[0049] - At least two interconnected solid units, the at least two interconnected solid units defining at least one interface;

[0050] - At least one washer, the at least one washer being arranged in a groove, the groove being provided at the interface and defined by the surface of the solid unit.

[0051] The washer comprises a double-conical hollow body with rotational symmetry, which is fitted into a groove.

[0052] The hollow body is made of metal, metal alloy, or ceramic material. The hollow body includes:

[0053] - Core, the core has a cylindrical shape;

[0054] - A first end and a second end, which originate from opposite sides of the core, and both the first end and the second end have a truncated conical shape.

[0055] Specifically, the groove includes: a central volume having a cylindrical shape configured to receive a core; a first volume having a truncated conical shape configured to receive a first end; and a second volume having a truncated conical shape configured to receive a second end.

[0056] Preferably, the first end and the second end are the same.

[0057] In one embodiment of the invention, both the first end and the second end have a surface with a taper value lower than the taper value of the surface defining the first volume and the second volume.

[0058] Preferably, both the first end and the second end have surfaces with a taper value between 10° and 80°, and the first volume and the second volume are defined by surfaces having a taper value between 10° and 80°.

[0059] In particular, the hollow body has a longitudinal through hole, which is centrally located within the hollow body.

[0060] In one embodiment of the invention, the hollow body is made from a single piece.

[0061] For example, the hollow body is made of one of the following materials: AISI 316, AISI 316L, AISI 304, AISI 630, SAF 2205, SAF 2507, tungsten carbide, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, bronze, Nitronic.

[0062] In another embodiment of the invention, the hollow body includes an inner portion and an outer portion arranged coaxially. In particular, the inner portion is made of a material that is harder than the outer portion.

[0063] For example, the internal parts are made of one of the following materials: tungsten carbide, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, zirconium oxide, and aluminum oxide.

[0064] The exterior is made of one of the following materials: AISI 304, AISI 316, AISI 316L, AISI 630, SAF2205, SAF 2507, Nitronic, bronze, or industrial diamond.

[0065] Specifically, the internal and external parts are pre-connected by heat-shrink fitting or tapered joint.

[0066] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the compression head further includes a secondary sealing system, which in turn includes:

[0067] - An exhaust channel that begins at a predetermined distance from the groove at the interface and is exposed to the external environment;

[0068] - Sealing ring, the sealing ring is arranged at the interface.

[0069] Specifically, the sealing ring is coaxial with respect to the groove and is located on the outside.

[0070] The sealing ring is positioned at a distance from the groove, which is longer than a predetermined distance.

[0071] According to one aspect of the invention, the compression head includes multiple interfaces and multiple grooves disposed at the interfaces.

[0072] Multiple washers are arranged in grooves. Each washer includes a double-conical hollow body with rotational symmetry, which is fitted into a corresponding groove in the plurality of grooves.

[0073] Each washer's hollow body is made of metal, metal alloy, or ceramic material. The hollow body includes:

[0074] - Core, the core has a cylindrical shape;

[0075] - A first end and a second end, which originate from opposite sides of the core, and both the first end and the second end have a truncated conical shape.

[0076] According to one embodiment of the invention, the compression head further includes a pump-valve assembly disposed in a recess. The pump-valve assembly includes a ball check valve or lift valve and a gasket, the gasket also acting as a valve seat.

[0077] Specifically, the first end of the gasket is configured to receive a ball check valve or a lift valve.

[0078] Preferably, the first end has an inner chamfered edge surrounding a longitudinal through-hole through the hollow body to allow the remainder of the ball check valve or lift valve to pass through.

[0079] The pump valve assembly further includes a spring, which is arranged on the opposite side of the gasket relative to the ball check valve or lift valve. Attached Figure Description

[0080] Further features and advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the following non-limiting description of preferred, but not exclusive, embodiments of a compression head for a homogenizing apparatus, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0081] - Figure 1 A compression head for a homogenizing device according to the present invention is illustrated in a perspective view;

[0082] - Figure 2 The cross-sectional diagram is shown as an example. Figure 1 The compression head;

[0083] - Figure 3 A three-dimensional illustration is provided. Figure 2 The gasket of the compression head;

[0084] - Figure 4 A cross-sectional view illustrates an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 The pump and valve assembly of the compression head;

[0085] - Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the pump and valve assembly;

[0086] - Figure 6 Examples Figure 2 A three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the washer of the compression head;

[0087] - Figure 7 Examples Figure 6 A cross-sectional view of the washer;

[0088] - Figure 8 An example is shown using a three-dimensional cross-sectional diagram. Figure 5 Another embodiment of the pump valve assembly. Detailed Implementation

[0089] Referring to the figures, the number 100 indicates the compression head or compression block used in the homogenization equipment.

[0090] The compression head 100 includes at least two interconnected solid units 101, 102, which define at least one interface 103.

[0091] In this context, interface 103 is defined by the contact surfaces of two solid units 101 and 102.

[0092] Preferably, the two solid units 101, 102 are fixedly connected, for example by screws or similar means.

[0093] A groove 104 is provided at interface 103, and the groove 104 is defined by surfaces 105 and 106 of solid units 101 and 102.

[0094] Groove 104 accommodates washer 3.

[0095] Washer 3 includes a hollow body 4 with rotational symmetry. The hollow body 4 is a double-conical hollow body and includes:

[0096] - Core 41, Core 41 has a cylindrical shape;

[0097] - First end 42 and second end 43, which originate from opposite sides of core 41, and both first end 42 and second end 43 have a truncated conical shape.

[0098] Figure 3 Washer 3 is shown in the image.

[0099] Specifically, the hollow main body 4 is assembled in the groove 104.

[0100] The groove 104 is formed to receive the hollow main body 4.

[0101] Specifically, the groove 104 includes: a central volume having a cylindrical shape configured to receive the core 41; a first volume having a truncated conical shape configured to receive the first end 42; and a second volume having a truncated conical shape configured to receive the second end 43.

[0102] The cylindrical core 41 allows for the sealing of the first end 42 and the second end 43. Furthermore, the cylindrical core 41 serves to center the hollow body 4 within the groove 104.

[0103] The cylindrical core 41 also helps to prevent deformation or extrusion after the two ends 42, 43 are fixedly connected, for example by screws, to the two solid units 101, 102.

[0104] In fact, in the absence of the cylindrical core 41, an empty space will be generated between the common base of the two ends 42 and 43 and the central volume of the groove 104.

[0105] According to embodiments of the present invention, such as Figures 4 to 7 As illustrated, the hollow body 4 is made from a single piece. Thus, the core 41, the first end portion 42, and the second end portion 43 belong to the same single piece.

[0106] Advantageously, the hollow body 4 is made of metal, metal alloy or ceramic material.

[0107] For example, the hollow body 4 is made of AISI 316L.

[0108] Advantageously, the hollow body 4 is made of one of the following materials: AISI 316, AISI 304, AISI 630, SAF2205, SAF 2507, tungsten carbide, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, bronze, Nitronic series stainless steel alloys, or industrial diamond.

[0109] Solid units 101 and 102 may be made of one of the following materials: SAF 2507, SAF 2205, AISI 316, AISI316.

[0110] The hollow body 4 has a longitudinal through hole 44, which extends from the first end 42 to the core 41 and then to the second end 43 through the entire body.

[0111] Specifically, the longitudinal through hole 44 is centrally located within the hollow body 4. The axis of symmetry AA of the hollow body 4 coincides with the axis of the longitudinal through hole 44.

[0112] Preferably, the longitudinal through-hole 44 passing through the hollow body 4 has a constant diameter, which can be increased at both ends.

[0113] Preferably, the first end 42 and the second end 43 are identical. In particular, the first end 42 and the second end 43 have the same shape and size.

[0114] Accordingly, the first and second volumes of the groove 104 are the same.

[0115] Having identical ends 42 and 43 allows for the installation of a reversible washer 3. This allows for the avoidance of errors during the assembly process, regardless of the assembly orientation.

[0116] According to one aspect of the invention, both the first end 42 and the second end 43 have a surface with a taper value lower than the taper value of the surfaces 105, 106 that define the first volume and the second volume.

[0117] Specifically, both the first end 42 and the second end 43 have surfaces with a taper value between 10° and 80°.

[0118] The surfaces 105 and 106 that define the first and second volumes of the groove 104 have a taper value between 10° and 80°.

[0119] Due to this selection of the taper range, and because the two ends 42, 43 have taper values ​​lower than the surfaces 105, 106, the hollow body 4 is forced into the groove 104 to provide a sealing effect when connecting and tightening the solid units 101, 102.

[0120] The forcing effect established between the hollow body 4 and surfaces 104 and 105 allows the treated fluid to be retained under pulsating Δ conditions, which typically occurs in positive displacement pumps or homogenizers.

[0121] According to other embodiments of the invention, the washer 3 is made of more parts. In particular, the hollow body 4 is made of two parts 4a and 4b.

[0122] Specifically, the hollow body 4 includes an inner portion 4a and an outer portion 4b arranged coaxially.

[0123] Preferably, the inner portion 4a is made of a material that is harder than the outer portion 4b.

[0124] In particular, the inner part 4a is made of a material with higher surface hardness properties than the material used for the outer part 4b, such as advanced ceramics or sintered hard metals.

[0125] For example, the internal part 4a is made of one of the following materials: tungsten carbide, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, or industrial diamond.

[0126] The outer part 4b is made of more ductile materials, such as AISI 304, AISI 316, AISI 316L, AISI 630, SAF 2205, SAF 2507, Nitronic series stainless steel alloys, and bronze.

[0127] Preferably, the inner portion 4a and the outer portion 4b of the hollow body 4 are pre-connected by heat shrink fitting, conical joint or other convenient methods.

[0128] In a preferred embodiment, the gasket 3 is further provided with a secondary sealing system, which includes a discharge channel 108 originating at the interface 103. Specifically, the discharge channel 108 originates at a predetermined distance from the groove 104 that receives the gasket 3.

[0129] The purpose of the discharge channel 108 is to collect residual leakage of the product. To ensure that the leakage does not affect the entire interface 103, the secondary sealing system further includes a sealing device 109, which is arranged at the interface 103 at a distance from the groove 104, a distance that is longer than a predetermined distance.

[0130] Specifically, the sealing device 109 includes a sealing ring arranged at the interface 103 in a manner coaxial with respect to the groove 104 and external to the groove 104.

[0131] The sealing ring 109 is arranged at a certain distance from the groove 104, which is longer than the predetermined distance.

[0132] Specifically, the starting point of the discharge channel 108 is inserted between the groove 104 and the sealing ring 109.

[0133] For example, sealing ring 109 is a planar seal.

[0134] Preferably, the sealing ring 109 is made of a plastic material (such as polytetrafluoroethylene).

[0135] Because of the sealing ring 109, product leakage between the groove 104 and the gasket 103 is confined to the portion of the interface 103 located within the sealing ring 109. This forces the product leakage into the discharge channel 108.

[0136] Preferably, the discharge channel 108 is in fluid communication with the external environment under low pressure, so that the sealing ring 109 is not affected by high stress. In particular, the discharge channel 108 is in fluid communication with the atmosphere.

[0137] In practice, in the event of leakage of product in groove 104 due to, for example, a slight gap between groove 104 and gasket 103, groove 104 is in fluid communication with discharge channel 108 by means of interface 103.

[0138] The secondary sealing system allows for improved sealing reliability. Furthermore, the product collected through discharge channel 108 can be recovered during the process.

[0139] It is beneficial because it avoids interrupting the process and allows for the recycling of a portion of the product.

[0140] Figure 4 and Figure 5 A gasket 3 is shown within the pump valve assembly 1, which is partially accommodated in a groove 104.

[0141] Specifically, the pump valve assembly 1 can be a discharge valve or a suction valve.

[0142] The groove 104 communicates with an elongated orifice, which also accommodates a portion of the pump-valve assembly 1. Figures 4 to 5In one embodiment, the elongated aperture is provided within one of the solid units, particularly within the solid unit numbered 101.

[0143] The pump valve assembly 1 includes a ball check valve or lift valve 2 and a gasket 3.

[0144] Advantageously, in the pump valve assembly 1, the gasket 3 serves as both a gasket and a valve seat.

[0145] In fact, gasket 3 is configured to receive ball check valve 2.

[0146] The ball check valve 2 is arranged on the gasket 3, and most of it protrudes in the longitudinal orifice.

[0147] Specifically, the first end 42 of the hollow body 4 is configured to receive the ball check valve 2.

[0148] Preferably, the first end 42 has an inner chamfered edge 420 surrounding a longitudinal through-hole 44 through the hollow body 4, so as to allow the remainder of the ball check valve 2 to pass through. This is in Figures 3 to 5 As can be seen in the text.

[0149] In order to have a fully reversible gasket, the second end 43 also has an inner chamfered edge that surrounds the longitudinal through-hole 44 through the hollow body 4 so as to allow the rest of the ball check valve 2 to pass through.

[0150] The pump valve assembly 1 further includes a spring 5, which is arranged in a longitudinal orifice on the opposite side of the ball check valve 2 on the gasket 3.

[0151] Specifically, the ball check valve 2 is inserted between the washer 3 and the spring 5.

[0152] As is typically the case, spring 5 is configured to facilitate the rapid closing of ball check valve 2, which means that ball check valve 2 is forced against gasket 3, thereby preventing or reducing leakage.

[0153] Spring 5 is inserted between ball check valve 2 and valve cover 6, which is arranged in the longitudinal orifice and acts as a limiting element.

[0154] exist Figure 8 The pump valve assembly 1 is illustrated in the example, wherein the gasket 3 is composed of a hollow body 4, which is made of two parts 4a and 4b.

[0155] It can be seen that the inner part 4a and the outer part 4b are arranged coaxially.

[0156] For example, the internal part 4a is made of one of the following materials: tungsten carbide, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, zirconium oxide, or aluminum oxide.

[0157] The outer part 4b is made of more ductile materials, such as AISI 304, AISI 316, AISI 316L, AISI 630, SAF 2205, SAF 2507, Nitronic series stainless steel alloys, and bronze.

[0158] Preferably, the inner portion 4a and the outer portion 4b of the hollow body 4 are pre-connected by heat shrink fitting, conical joint or other convenient methods.

[0159] Washer 3 is used in various applications in compression head 100, such as Figure 2 exemplified.

[0160] Specifically, gasket 3 can be used independently within groove 104, meaning gasket 3 is not within the pump valve assembly.

[0161] Figure 6 and Figure 7 The washer 3 is shown as a separate element in the groove 104 of the compression head 100.

[0162] The groove 104 communicates with an elongated orifice 107 provided in one of the solid units (specifically the solid unit numbered 101).

[0163] The characteristics and advantages of the compression head for homogenizing equipment according to the present invention are clear.

[0164] As already explained, the specific design of the double-cone shape of the washer simplifies and speeds up assembly.

[0165] In fact, the cylindrical core of the gasket allows for the separation of the sealing effect between the first and second ends. Furthermore, the cylindrical core serves to center the gasket within the groove.

[0166] The cylindrical core also helps to prevent deformation or extrusion at both ends after the solid units of the compression head are fixedly connected.

[0167] The proposed gasket is made of metal, metal alloy, or ceramic material. This allows for the avoidance of using plastic or elastomer gaskets, thereby overcoming the problems of existing technologies.

[0168] In particular, the proposed gasket has an increased service life compared to existing technical solutions.

[0169] In addition, the materials used in the gaskets allow them to better withstand high pressure, pulse pressure, high / low temperature, cavitation, and exposure to fibrous fluids or corrosive chemicals.

[0170] In particular, when the gasket is made of a material with good elastic properties (such as AISI 316L), it can be quickly and easily removed from the groove without any deformation problems.

[0171] Furthermore, the reliability of the gasket is improved by a secondary sealing system that allows for the collection of product leaks and the reuse of the collected product in the same process.

[0172] The proposed gasket can be used at several locations on the compression head to reduce assembly and storage operations.

[0173] For example, the proposed gasket can be used within a pump valve assembly. In this case, the gasket can also function as a valve seat. This reduces the number of parts in the pump valve assembly, offering benefits in terms of reduced maintenance and replacement operations.

[0174] In fact, for valve seats, there is no longer a need for a housing with associated O-rings and anti-extrusion rings.

Claims

1. A compression head (100) for a homogenizing device, the compression head (100) comprising: - At least two interconnected solid units (101, 102), the at least two interconnected solid units (101, 102) defining at least one interface (103). - At least one washer (3) is arranged in a groove (104), the groove (104) being provided at the interface (103) and defined by the surfaces (105, 106) of the solid units (101, 102). Characterized by the fact that the at least one washer (3) comprises a double-conical hollow body (4) with rotational symmetry, the hollow body (4) being fitted into the groove (104), the hollow body (4) being made of metal, metal alloy or ceramic material, the hollow body (4) comprising: - Core (41), the core (41) having a cylindrical shape; - A first end (42) and a second end (43), the first end (42) and the second end (43) originating from opposite sides of the core (41), both the first end (42) and the second end (43) having a truncated conical shape.

2. The compression head (100) according to claim 1, wherein, The groove (104) includes: a central volume having a cylindrical shape configured to receive the core (41); a first volume having a truncated conical shape configured to receive the first end (42); and a second volume having a truncated conical shape configured to receive the second end (43).

3. The compression head (100) according to claim 2, wherein, The first end (42) and the second end (43) are the same.

4. The compression head (100) according to claim 3, wherein, Both the first end (42) and the second end (43) have surfaces with taper values ​​lower than the taper values ​​of the surfaces (105, 106) that define the first volume and the second volume.

5. The compression head (100) according to claim 4, wherein, Both the first end (42) and the second end (43) have surfaces with taper values ​​between 10° and 80°, and the first volume and the second volume are defined by surfaces (105, 106) with taper values ​​between 10° and 80°.

6. The compression head (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The hollow body (4) has a longitudinal through hole (44) which is centrally located in the hollow body (4).

7. The compression head (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The hollow body (4) is made from a single piece.

8. The compression head (100) according to claim 7, wherein, The hollow body (4) is made of one of the following materials: AISI 316, AISI 316L, AISI 304, AISI 630, SAF 2205, SAF 2507, tungsten carbide, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, bronze, Nitronic.

9. The compression head (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein, The hollow body (4) includes an inner part (4a) and an outer part (4b) arranged coaxially, wherein the inner part (4a) is made of a material that is harder than the outer part (4b).

10. The compression head (100) according to claim 9, wherein, The inner part (4a) is made of one of the following materials: tungsten carbide, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, and the outer part (4b) is made of one of the following materials: AISI 304, AISI 316, AISI 316L, AISI 630, SAF 2205, SAF 2507, Nitronic, bronze, industrial diamond.

11. The compression head (100) according to claim 9 or 10, wherein, The inner portion (4a) and the outer portion (4b) are pre-connected by heat shrink fitting or conical joint.

12. The compression head (100) according to any one of the preceding claims further includes a secondary sealing system, said secondary sealing system comprising: - An exhaust channel (108) that begins at the at least one interface (103) at a predetermined distance from the groove (104) and is exposed to the external environment; - A sealing ring (109) is arranged at the interface (103), the sealing ring (109) is coaxial with respect to the groove (104) and is external to the groove (104), the sealing ring (109) is arranged at a certain distance from the groove (104), the distance being longer than the predetermined distance.

13. A compression head (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a plurality of interfaces (103) and a plurality of grooves (104) disposed at the interfaces (103), the compression head (100) further comprising a plurality of washers (3) disposed in the grooves (104), each of the washers (3) comprising a double-conical hollow body (4) having rotational symmetry, the hollow body (4) being fitted into a corresponding groove in the plurality of grooves (104), the hollow body (4) of each of the washers (3) being made of metal, metal alloy or ceramic material, the hollow body (4) comprising: - Core (41), the core (41) having a cylindrical shape; - A first end (42) and a second end (43), the first end (42) and the second end (43) originating from opposite sides of the core (41), both the first end (42) and the second end (43) having a truncated conical shape.

14. The compression head (100) according to any one of the preceding claims further includes a pump valve assembly (1) arranged in the recess (104), the pump valve assembly (1) including a ball check valve or lift valve (2) and the gasket (3), the gasket (3) also serving as a valve seat, the first end (42) of the gasket (3) being configured to receive the ball check valve (2) or lift valve.

15. The compression head (100) according to claim 14, wherein, The first end (42) has an inner chamfered edge (420) surrounding a longitudinal through-hole (44) through the hollow body (4) to allow the rest of the ball check valve or lift valve (2) to pass through.

16. The compression head (100) according to claim 14 or 15, wherein, The pump valve assembly (1) further includes a spring (5) which is arranged on the opposite side of the gasket (3) relative to the ball check valve or lift valve (2).

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