A method for breeding black soldier fly larvae

Abstract

The application discloses a method for breeding black soldier fly larvae, and relates to the technical field of insect breeding and organic waste resource utilization. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining black soldier fly eggs or newly hatched larvae. The method is characterized in that: after the oil and water in the kitchen waste are removed, the fine materials are subjected to impurity removal and crushing treatment, and then a predetermined proportion of loose conditioning materials and microbial conditioning components are added for fermentation and maturation, so that breeding base suitable for the growth of black soldier fly larvae is constructed; meanwhile, layer laying, larva inoculation and age-based breeding management are combined, so that the stable conversion and utilization of kitchen waste by black soldier fly larvae are realized, and the problems of high compactness, high water content, poor air permeability and difficult spreading of the kitchen waste fine materials are effectively solved; the loose, air permeability and adaptability of the breeding base are enhanced; the risk of death of the larvae caused by oxygen deficiency, development obstruction and local excessive temperature rise is reduced; and the survival rate of the black soldier fly larvae and the stability of the breeding process are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of insect breeding and organic waste resource utilization technology, specifically a method for breeding black soldier fly larvae. Background Technology

[0002] In current black soldier fly larvae farming, organic materials such as kitchen waste, food scraps, feces, tofu residue, and distiller's grains are commonly used as the substrate. Before farming, the raw materials are usually sorted, impurities removed, crushed, and their moisture content adjusted and fermented. The processed materials are then fed to black soldier fly larvae at different instars. Egg hatching is typically carried out under constant temperature and humidity conditions. The hatched larvae are then raised in rearing ponds, racks, or plastic boxes. Larval rearing is generally managed based on larval age, feeding amount, substrate thickness, feeding frequency, and temperature and humidity conditions. Some farming methods also add wheat bran, rice bran, and distiller's grains to the substrate to adjust its condition, and incorporate processes such as turning, sieving, larval excrement separation, and larval collection to form a continuous farming process. Current technologies focus on raw material pretreatment, hatching management, larval rearing management, and the subsequent separation and utilization of larval bodies and excrement, forming a relatively common farming process framework.

[0003] Currently, in the black soldier fly farming process, the fine feed after removing oil and water from kitchen waste has problems such as excessive density, lack of looseness, and excessive moisture. This makes it difficult to spread the material evenly, and larvae can easily burrow into the material, resulting in stunted development, lack of oxygen, and death. At the same time, the poor air permeability of the material can also cause localized high temperatures in the material layer, anaerobic fermentation, and mold growth, which in turn causes a large number of insect deaths and has an adverse impact on the working environment of the farmers. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a method for raising black soldier fly larvae. The technical problem this invention aims to solve is: how to address the issue that the high density, non-loose texture, high humidity, and poor air permeability of kitchen waste after oil and water removal can easily lead to localized high temperatures, anaerobic fermentation, and mold growth, which in turn hinders the development of black soldier fly larvae and results in high mortality rates. This is achieved through a method based on the conditioning, fermentation, and age-differentiation management of kitchen waste larvae.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for raising black soldier fly larvae, comprising: S1. Obtain black soldier fly eggs or newly hatched larvae; when the obtained seed source is insect eggs, perform hatching treatment on the insect eggs to obtain newly hatched larvae; S2. Obtain the fine material from kitchen waste after degreasing and dewatering, and remove impurities and crush the fine material to 5mm-10mm; add a loosening conditioner to the fine material at 10%-15% of its mass and mix, the loosening conditioner consisting of wheat bran, distiller's grains, corn cob fragments, and sawdust, the mass ratio of wheat bran, distiller's grains, corn cob fragments, and sawdust being 1:2:2:1; add a microbial conditioning component to the mixed material, and adjust the moisture content of the material to 65%-75% before fermentation and composting to obtain aquaculture substrate; the microbial conditioning component includes compound probiotics and prebiotics, the compound probiotics including Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae; S3. The culture substrate is evenly spread in the culture container to form a culture substrate layer, and black soldier fly larvae are inoculated into the culture substrate layer; S4. The black soldier fly larvae in the culture medium are managed according to their age. During the 1st to 3rd instar stage, they are fed by spreading the feed thinly and adding it frequently. During the 4th to 6th instar stage, they are fed every 2 to 3 days. During the culture process, the feed temperature is controlled at 25℃-30℃. When the feed temperature is higher than 45℃, the feed is turned over to dissipate heat. The microbial conditioning components are added during the culture process to maintain the stability of the microbial community in the culture medium. S5. After the black soldier fly larvae reach the harvest stage, separate the black soldier fly larvae from their excrement and harvest them, and then perform composting treatment on the excrement.

[0006] The present invention is further configured such that when the seed source is insect eggs, the insect eggs are placed in an incubation tray lined with wet filter paper for incubation in the dark, the incubation temperature is 30℃-32℃, the relative humidity is 70%-80%, and the incubation time is 48 hours-84 hours.

[0007] The invention is further configured such that the newly hatched larvae are immediately transferred to an initial feed for rearing, the initial feed comprising wheat bran, corn flour, and water; the rearing density of the newly hatched larvae is no higher than 50,000 larvae / m². 2 The breeding temperature is 26℃-28℃.

[0008] The present invention is further configured such that the impurity removal includes sorting and removing plastic, metal and glass foreign objects from the fine kitchen waste; the mixing is carried out by stirring to form a uniform mixture between the loose conditioning material and the fine material.

[0009] The present invention is further configured such that the fermentation and composting treatment time is 7-15 days.

[0010] The present invention is further configured such that the component ratio of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae is 2:2:5:1, and the total viable count of the compound probiotic is not less than 1×10⁻⁶. 8 The CFU / g concentration of the *Bacillus subtilis* and *Lactobacillus plantarum* is determined by activation treatment before addition to the material, and the pH value of the material is not lower than 4.0 when the compound probiotic is added. The activation conditions for *Bacillus subtilis* and *Bacillus amyloliquefaciens* are: using warm water at 30℃-35℃ with 1% brown sugar added, and activating for 2-4 hours; the activation conditions for *Lactobacillus plantarum* are: using chlorine-free water at 25℃-30℃ for 1-2 hours.

[0011] The present invention is further configured such that the compound probiotics added during the rearing of the black soldier fly larvae include Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, wherein the component ratio of Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae is 6:3:1, and the total viable count of the compound probiotics is not less than 5 × 10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g.

[0012] The present invention is further configured such that, during the preparation of the breeding substrate and the breeding of black soldier fly larvae, when the microbial conditioning component is added to the material, antibiotics and disinfectants are not added; the material is fresh material and does not include moldy material, toxic material, or high-salt material.

[0013] The present invention is further configured such that the rearing density of the black soldier fly larvae is no higher than 5 kg / m². 2 The separation process uses a 5mm mesh screen. The separated black soldier fly larvae are washed, drained, and then collected. The collected larvae are dried at 60℃ for 2 hours. The separated frass is then sieved and composted. The composted frass is used as organic fertilizer.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention removes impurities and crushes the fine material after degreasing and dewatering kitchen waste, and adds a predetermined proportion of loosening and conditioning materials and microbial conditioning components for fermentation and maturation, thus constructing a breeding substrate suitable for the growth of black soldier fly larvae. At the same time, combined with the layering of the substrate, larval inoculation, and age-segregated breeding management, it realizes the stable conversion and utilization of kitchen waste by black soldier fly larvae. It effectively improves the problems of high density, high water content, poor air permeability, and difficulty in spreading of fine kitchen waste, enhances the looseness, air permeability, and suitability of the breeding substrate, reduces the risk of larval mortality due to hypoxia, developmental stagnation, and excessive local temperature rise, and improves the survival rate of black soldier fly larvae and the stability of the breeding process.

[0015] This invention employs a synergistic conditioning technique combining compound probiotics and prebiotics to continuously optimize the microecological environment of the materials during the preparation of the breeding substrate and the larval rearing stage. This promotes beneficial fermentation processes, inhibits anaerobic putrefaction, and maintains the stability of the microbial community in the breeding substrate layer. This reduces the generation of harmful factors such as ammonia, carbon dioxide, and mycotoxins during the breeding process, improves the safety of the production environment, and enhances the conversion efficiency of kitchen waste and the growth effect of the insects. The insect excrement obtained from breeding can be used as organic fertilizer after composting, thus increasing the resource utilization value and ecological benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below.

[0017] Fig. 1 This is a flowchart of the overall process of the method of the present invention.

[0018] Fig. 2 This is a flowchart of the process for preparing the aquaculture substrate according to the present invention.

[0019] Fig. 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the management process for black soldier fly larvae rearing in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0021] Example 1 Please see Figs. 1-3 This invention relates to a method for raising black soldier fly larvae, comprising: S1. Obtain black soldier fly eggs or newly hatched larvae. When the source is eggs, incubate them to obtain newly hatched larvae. Place the eggs in a hatching tray lined with damp filter paper for incubation in the dark at 30℃ and 70% relative humidity for 48 hours. Immediately after hatching, transfer the newly hatched larvae to a starter feed consisting of wheat bran, cornmeal, and water. The stocking density of newly hatched larvae should not exceed 50,000 larvae / m². 2 The breeding temperature is 26℃.

[0022] S2. Obtain the fine material from the degreased and dehydrated kitchen waste, and remove impurities and crush the fine material to 5mm. Add a loosening and conditioning agent at 10% of the fine material's mass and mix. The loosening and conditioning agent consists of wheat bran, distiller's grains, corn cob fragments, and sawdust, with a mass ratio of 1:2:2:1. Add a microbial conditioning component to the mixed material, adjust the moisture content to 65%, and then ferment and mature it to obtain the aquaculture substrate. The microbial conditioning component includes compound probiotics and prebiotics. The compound probiotics include Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Removing impurities includes sorting and removing plastic, metal, and glass foreign objects from the kitchen waste fine material. Mixing is carried out by stirring to form a uniform mixture with the loosening and conditioning agent. The fermentation and maturation process takes 7 days. The ratio of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae is 2:2:5:1, and the total viable count of the compound probiotics is not less than 1×10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g, Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus plantarum were activated separately before being added to the material, and the pH value of the material was not lower than 4.0 when the compound probiotics were added. The activation conditions for Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens were: warm water at 30℃ with 1% brown sugar added, and activation for 2 hours. The activation conditions for Lactobacillus plantarum were: activation in chlorine-free water at 25℃ for 1 hour.

[0023] S3. Evenly spread the culture substrate in the culture container to form a culture substrate layer, and inoculate the culture substrate layer with black soldier fly larvae. The compound probiotics added during the black soldier fly larvae culture process include Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, with a component ratio of 6:3:1, and the total viable count of the compound probiotics is not less than 5 × 10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g.

[0024] S4. Black soldier fly larvae in the culture medium are managed according to their age. For the 1st to 3rd instar larvae, feed is provided in thin layers with frequent additions. For the 4th to 6th instar larvae, feed is added every 2 to 3 days. The culture medium temperature is controlled at 25℃, and the medium is turned over to dissipate heat when the temperature exceeds 45℃. Microbial conditioning components are added during the culture process to maintain the stability of the microbial community in the culture medium. No antibiotics or disinfectants are added to the culture medium or microbial conditioning components during the preparation of the culture medium and the culture of black soldier fly larvae. The culture medium must be fresh and free of moldy, toxic, or high-salt materials.

[0025] S5. Once the black soldier fly larvae reach the harvest stage, separate the larvae from their frass and harvest them. The frass should then be composted. The stocking density of black soldier fly larvae should not exceed 5 kg / m². 2The separation process used a 5mm mesh screen. After separation, the black soldier fly larvae were washed, drained, and collected. The collected larvae were then dried at 60℃ for 2 hours. The separated frass was then sieved and composted; the composted frass was used as organic fertilizer.

[0026] In this embodiment, the hatching temperature, humidity, and time of the insect eggs are relatively low, the particle size of the finely crushed kitchen waste is relatively small, and the proportion of loose conditioning material, moisture content, fermentation and decomposition time, and activation conditions are all at a low level. The material temperature is also controlled at a relatively low level during the breeding process. This indicates that the scheme in this embodiment focuses more on completing the preparation of breeding substrate with a shorter pretreatment cycle and lower conditioning intensity. By maintaining the spreadability and relative stability of the material through finer particle size and lower moisture content, the basic breeding process of black soldier fly larvae is established, demonstrating strong process simplification and basic feasibility.

[0027] Example 2 Please see Figs. 1-3 Based on Example 1, a method for raising black soldier fly larvae includes: S1. Obtain black soldier fly eggs or newly hatched larvae. When the source is eggs, incubate them to obtain newly hatched larvae. If the source is eggs, place them in a hatching tray lined with damp filter paper for incubation in the dark. The hatching temperature is 31℃, the relative humidity is 75%, and the incubation time is 66 hours. Immediately after hatching, the newly hatched larvae are fed an initial feed consisting of wheat bran, cornmeal, and water. The stocking density of newly hatched larvae should not exceed 50,000 larvae / m². 2 The breeding temperature is 27℃.

[0028] S2. Obtain the fine material from the degreased and dehydrated kitchen waste, and remove impurities and crush it to 7.5mm. Add a loosening agent (composed of wheat bran, distiller's grains, corn cob fragments, and sawdust) at 12.5% ​​of the fine material's mass and mix. The loosening agent is in a mass ratio of 1:2:2:1. Add a microbial conditioning component to the mixed material and adjust the moisture content to 70% before fermentation to obtain the aquaculture substrate. The microbial conditioning component includes a compound probiotic and prebiotics. The compound probiotics include Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Removing impurities includes sorting to remove plastic, metal, and glass foreign objects from the kitchen waste fine material. Mixing is carried out by stirring to form a homogeneous mixture with the loosening agent. The fermentation and composting process takes 11 days. The ratio of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae is 2:2:5:1, and the total viable count of the compound probiotics is not less than 1×10⁻⁶. 8CFU / g, Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus plantarum were activated separately before being added to the material, and the pH value of the material was not lower than 4.0 when the compound probiotics were added. The activation conditions for Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens were: warm water at 32.5℃ with 1% brown sugar added, and activation for 3 hours. The activation conditions for Lactobacillus plantarum were: chlorine-free water at 27.5℃ for 1.5 hours.

[0029] S3. Evenly spread the culture substrate in the culture container to form a culture substrate layer, and inoculate the culture substrate layer with black soldier fly larvae. The compound probiotics added during the black soldier fly larvae culture process include Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, with a component ratio of 6:3:1, and the total viable count of the compound probiotics is not less than 5 × 10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g.

[0030] S4. Black soldier fly larvae in the culture medium are managed according to their age. For the 1st to 3rd instar larvae, feed is provided in thin layers with frequent additions. For the 4th to 6th instar larvae, supplementary feeding is given every 2 to 3 days. The culture medium temperature is controlled at 27.5℃, and the medium is turned over to dissipate heat when the temperature exceeds 45℃. Microbial conditioning components are added during the culture process to maintain the stability of the microbial community in the culture medium. No antibiotics or disinfectants are added to the culture medium or microbial conditioning components during the preparation of the culture medium and the rearing of black soldier fly larvae. The culture medium must be fresh and free of moldy, toxic, or high-salt materials.

[0031] S5. Once the black soldier fly larvae reach the harvest stage, separate the larvae from their frass and harvest them. The frass should then be composted. The stocking density of black soldier fly larvae should not exceed 5 kg / m². 2 The separation process used a 5mm mesh screen. After separation, the black soldier fly larvae were washed, drained, and collected. The collected larvae were then dried at 60℃ for 2 hours. The separated frass was then sieved and composted; the composted frass was used as organic fertilizer.

[0032] In this embodiment, all parameters are at the middle level of the range. The hatching conditions of insect eggs, the moisture content of materials, and the fermentation and decomposition time have been improved, but the maximum conditioning intensity has not been reached. This indicates that the scheme of this embodiment emphasizes the balance between the efficiency of aquaculture substrate preparation and the stability of the aquaculture environment. A relatively coordinated matching relationship has been formed between loose conditioning, microbial conditioning, fermentation and decomposition, and aquaculture temperature control. This reflects the technical idea of ​​this invention to take into account the sufficiency of substrate conditioning, the controllability of the aquaculture process, and the overall process adaptability under conventional implementation conditions.

[0033] Example 3 Please see Figs. 1-3Based on Examples 1 and 2, a method for raising black soldier fly larvae includes: S1. Obtain black soldier fly eggs or newly hatched larvae. When the source is eggs, incubate them to obtain newly hatched larvae. Place the eggs in a hatching tray lined with damp filter paper for incubation in the dark at 32℃ and 80% relative humidity for 84 hours. Immediately after hatching, transfer the newly hatched larvae to a starter feed consisting of wheat bran, cornmeal, and water. The stocking density of newly hatched larvae should not exceed 50,000 larvae / m². 2 The breeding temperature is 28℃.

[0034] S2. Obtain the fine material from the degreased and dehydrated kitchen waste, and remove impurities and crush the fine material to 10mm. Add a loosening and conditioning agent at 15% of the fine material's mass and mix. The loosening and conditioning agent consists of wheat bran, distiller's grains, corn cob fragments, and sawdust, with a mass ratio of 1:2:2:1. Add a microbial conditioning component to the mixed material, adjust the moisture content to 75%, and then ferment and mature it to obtain the aquaculture substrate. The microbial conditioning component includes compound probiotics and prebiotics. The compound probiotics include Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Removing impurities includes sorting and removing plastic, metal, and glass foreign objects from the kitchen waste fine material. Mixing is carried out by stirring to form a uniform mixture with the loosening and conditioning agent. The fermentation and maturation process takes 15 days. The ratio of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae is 2:2:5:1, and the total viable count of the compound probiotics is not less than 1×10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g, Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus plantarum were activated separately before being added to the material, and the pH value of the material was not lower than 4.0 when the compound probiotics were added. The activation conditions for Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens were: warm water at 35℃ with 1% brown sugar added, and activation for 4 hours. The activation conditions for Lactobacillus plantarum were: activation in chlorine-free water at 30℃ for 2 hours.

[0035] S3. Evenly spread the culture substrate in the culture container to form a culture substrate layer, and inoculate the culture substrate layer with black soldier fly larvae. The compound probiotics added during the black soldier fly larvae culture process include Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, with a component ratio of 6:3:1, and the total viable count of the compound probiotics is not less than 5 × 10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g.

[0036] S4. Black soldier fly larvae in the culture medium are managed according to their age. For the 1st to 3rd instar larvae, feed is provided in thin layers with frequent additions. For the 4th to 6th instar larvae, feed is added every 2 to 3 days. The culture medium temperature is controlled at 30℃, and the medium is turned over to dissipate heat when the temperature exceeds 45℃. Microbial conditioning components are added during the culture process to maintain the stability of the microbial community in the culture medium. No antibiotics or disinfectants are added to the culture medium or microbial conditioning components during the preparation of the culture medium and the rearing of black soldier fly larvae. The culture medium must be fresh and free of moldy, toxic, or high-salt materials.

[0037] S5. Once the black soldier fly larvae reach the harvest stage, separate the larvae from their frass and harvest them. The frass should then be composted. The stocking density of black soldier fly larvae should not exceed 5 kg / m². 2 The separation process used a 5mm mesh screen. After separation, the black soldier fly larvae were washed, drained, and collected. The collected larvae were then dried at 60℃ for 2 hours. The separated frass was then sieved and composted; the composted frass was used as organic fertilizer.

[0038] In this embodiment, the hatching temperature, humidity, and time of the insect eggs are relatively high, the particle size of the fine kitchen waste is increased, and the proportion of loose conditioning material, moisture content, fermentation and decomposition time, and microbial activation conditions are all increased to near the upper limit. The temperature of the material during the breeding process is also controlled accordingly. This indicates that the scheme of this embodiment focuses more on enhancing the depth of material conditioning and the fullness of fermentation and decomposition to improve the structural adaptability and microbial transformation conditions of the high-moisture kitchen waste substrate. This forms a more complete pre-breeding treatment and breeding environment construction process, demonstrating the technical feasibility of the present invention in completing the breeding of black soldier fly larvae and the resource utilization of insect excrement under high conditioning intensity conditions.

[0039] Example 4 This study verifies the applicability of different parameter combinations to the black soldier fly larvae rearing process under a unified process flow and consistent experimental conditions, and provides a basis for determining the parameter range.

[0040] A black soldier fly larvae rearing experiment was conducted in a food waste resource recovery workshop. 2.0g of black soldier fly eggs from the same batch were selected as the seed source, and 120kg of finely processed food waste collected on the same day and subjected to oil and water removal treatment was selected as the main feed. The 2.0g of black soldier fly eggs were evenly distributed among groups A, B, and C, with approximately 0.67g in each group. The 120kg of finely processed food waste was evenly distributed among groups A, B, and C, with 40kg in each group.

[0041] The experimental site included larval rearing rooms, a storage area, and a separation operation area. The ground was hardened and impermeable, and rainwater and sewage separation facilities were installed. The equipment used in the experiment included a constant temperature and humidity incubation device, a crusher, a mixer, a material spreading tool, a material turning tool, a 5mm separation sieve, and a thermometer and hygrometer.

[0042] Kitchen waste is manually sorted to remove plastic, metal, and glass foreign objects before being put into use. Before the experiment, the breeding containers, separating screens, and operating tools are cleaned, and the breeding site and the outer surfaces of the equipment are routinely disinfected. No disinfectant is added to the materials during the breeding process.

[0043] 1. Egg hatching stage To ensure that the subsequent steps of the three groups can be compared accordingly, the incubation of groups A, B and C was started at staggered times according to their respective incubation durations, and the eggs of the three groups were placed in three incubation trays lined with wet filter paper.

[0044] Group A: Incubation temperature controlled at 30℃, relative humidity controlled at 70%, incubation time 48 hours. Group B: Incubation temperature controlled at 31℃, relative humidity controlled at 75%, incubation time 66 hours. Group C: Incubation temperature controlled at 32℃, relative humidity controlled at 80%, incubation time 84 hours.

[0045] After hatching, all three groups of larvae were immediately transferred to a short-term starter feed. The starter feed was a wet-mixed fine feed, and the larvae were introduced immediately after hatching. The starter feed lasted for 24 hours to prevent newly hatched larvae from losing water and affecting their survival. The starter feed consisted of wheat bran, cornmeal, and water. The rearing temperature for newly hatched larvae in group A was controlled at 26℃, for group B at 27℃, and for group C at 28℃. The rearing density for all three groups did not exceed 50,000 larvae / m². 2 .

[0046] Group A has relatively low incubation conditions, reflecting the characteristics of a shorter incubation cycle and lower environmental load. Group B has moderate incubation conditions, emphasizing the coordination and matching between temperature, humidity and incubation time. Group C has relatively high incubation conditions, reflecting the technical orientation of strengthening the incubation environment by increasing temperature and humidity and extending incubation time.

[0047] 2. Pre-treatment stage of kitchen waste While the insect eggs are hatching, the kitchen waste from the same source is pre-treated by removing oil and water. All raw materials are first sorted and impurities are removed. In this embodiment, the kitchen waste is used as the main material, without the addition of tofu residue or rice bran. Plastic, metal and glass foreign objects are removed, and then they are crushed into different particle sizes.

[0048] Group A crushes the fine material to 5mm to make the material particles finer, which facilitates the formation of a more uniform base material state during subsequent mixing. Group B crushes the fine material to 7.5mm to achieve a medium level of material fineness and particle support. Group C crushes the fine material to 10mm to retain a relatively large particle structure in order to maintain a more obvious material skeleton feature.

[0049] Group A improves the uniformity of fine particles by using smaller particle sizes, Group B strikes a balance between the degree of refinement and the preservation of structure, while Group C focuses more on retaining the supporting role of material particles.

[0050] 3. Loosening and Conditioning Stage All three groups of experiments used the same loose conditioning material, which consisted of wheat bran, distiller's grains, corn cob fragments, and sawdust, with a mass ratio of 1:2:2:1.

[0051] Group A adds a loosening and conditioning agent at 10% of the weight of fine kitchen waste to loosen and condition the raw materials to a basic level. Group B increases the addition ratio to 12.5% ​​to further enhance the conditioning effect. Group C increases the addition ratio to 15% to achieve a higher level of loosening and conditioning effect within the scope of this invention.

[0052] Based on 40kg of finely ground kitchen waste per group, add 4.0kg of loosening and conditioning agent to Group A, 5.0kg to Group B, and 6.0kg to Group C. After adding the agent to each group, mix them thoroughly to ensure the agent is fully in contact with the finely ground kitchen waste.

[0053] Group A has a relatively low conditioning intensity, which is more suitable for reflecting material modification under basic conditioning conditions. Group B has a moderate conditioning intensity, which reflects the balance between improving material structure and utilizing raw materials. Group C has a high conditioning intensity, which reflects the direction of strengthening material structure adjustment by increasing the proportion of loose components.

[0054] 4. Microbial conditioning and fermentation stage After the loosening and conditioning process was completed, the three groups entered the microbial conditioning and fermentation stages separately and at staggered times. The types of microbial conditioning components used in all three groups were consistent, including compound probiotics and prebiotics. The compound probiotics were composed of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, with a component ratio of 2:2:5:1, and a total viable count of no less than 1×10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g, and the pH value of the material should not be lower than 4.0 when added.

[0055] The main differences among the three groups lie in the activation conditions of the microorganisms, the moisture content of the materials, and the fermentation time. Group A used a lower activation intensity, activating Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in warm water containing 1% brown sugar at 30℃ for 2 hours, and Lactobacillus plantarum in chlorine-free water at 25℃ for 1 hour, while controlling the moisture content of the materials at 65%, and fermenting for 7 days. Group B increased the activation conditions to 32.5℃ for 3 hours and 27.5℃ for 1.5 hours, increasing the moisture content to 70% and extending the fermentation time to 11 days. Group C further increased the activation conditions to 35℃ for 4 hours and 30℃ for 2 hours, increasing the moisture content of the materials to 75% and extending the fermentation time to 15 days. After fermentation for the corresponding time, the criteria for reaching the end of fermentation were the absence of obvious rancid odor, the absence of large clumps, and the material being able to be formed into a ball by hand but crumbling upon impact.

[0056] The moisture content of each group was adjusted by adding water and stirring thoroughly, with the criterion of being able to form a ball by hand but crumble upon impact being used as a secondary criterion. Group A exhibited a basic microbial conditioning mode with lower moisture content, shorter composting period, and lower activation intensity. Group B was at an intermediate level in terms of activation conditions, moisture content, and composting time, reflecting a relatively balanced fermentation construction approach. Group C, on the other hand, achieved stronger microbial conditioning and composting conditions by increasing activation temperature, extending activation time, increasing material moisture content, and extending the composting period.

[0057] 5. Larval inoculation stage After the loosening and conditioning were completed, groups A, B and C entered the microbial conditioning and fermentation and maturation stages respectively, and started in staggered shifts according to the corresponding fermentation and maturation time to ensure the subsequent larval inoculation steps.

[0058] Each group of culture substrate was laid in its corresponding culture container to form a culture substrate layer. The substrate layer was laid thinly and the thickness was controlled to be uniform. Newly hatched larvae, after initial rearing, were then introduced into their respective substrate layers. The inoculation method was consistent across all three groups, using a uniform distribution method to ensure the larvae were distributed on the surface of the substrate and began feeding.

[0059] Groups A, B, and C were inoculated into aquaculture substrates prepared under corresponding parameter conditions. Group A was inoculated into aquaculture substrate prepared with lower intensity pretreatment, Group B was inoculated into aquaculture substrate prepared with intermediate intensity conditioning, and Group C was inoculated into aquaculture substrate prepared with higher intensity conditioning.

[0060] 6. Age-Separated Breeding Management Stage All three groups were managed using the same breeding process after inoculation. During the breeding process, the temperature of the feed layer and the humidity of the material were monitored. The humidity of the material was controlled within the range of 65%-75%, and adjusted with about 70% as the control center.

[0061] The three groups maintained the same breeding system, all employing age-based management. For the 1-3 year old stage, feeding was done using a thin, frequent feeding method; for the 4-6 year old stage, supplementary feeding was given every 2-3 days. During the breeding process, a compound probiotic supplement was added, consisting of Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in a ratio of 6:3:1, with a total live bacteria count of no less than 5 × 10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g. All three groups were vaccinated at a dose not exceeding 50,000 birds / m². 2 The density is controlled, and during the fattening stage, the density is managed at no more than 5 kg of larvae per square meter.

[0062] All three groups used no antibiotics or disinfectants, and all materials used were fresh. Moldy, toxic, and high-salt materials were not used.

[0063] The differences among the three groups lie primarily in the controlled feed temperature. Group A controlled the feed temperature at 25℃, reflecting aquaculture management under relatively low feed temperature conditions; Group B controlled the feed temperature at 27.5℃, reflecting stable aquaculture under intermediate feed temperature conditions; and Group C controlled the feed temperature at 30℃, reflecting aquaculture management under relatively high feed temperature conditions. All three groups used 45℃ as the control point for turning the feed to dissipate heat. The feed temperature was monitored regularly using a thermometer and hygrometer, with no less than two measurements per day. When the feed temperature exceeded 45℃, the feed was turned to dissipate heat.

[0064] Group A favors lower feed temperature control, Group B reflects balanced management under medium feed temperature, and Group C adopts a higher feed temperature control level.

[0065] 7. Harvesting and Post-processing Stage After the three groups of black soldier fly larvae reached the harvest stage, the larvae were separated from their excrement using the same method.

[0066] In this embodiment, the separated black soldier fly larvae were dried instead of being fed fresh. All three groups were sieved using a 5mm mesh screen. The separated black soldier fly larvae were washed, drained, and collected, then dried at 60℃ for 2 hours. The separated frass was first sieved and then composted, and used as organic fertilizer.

[0067] Comparing groups A, B, and C reveals that as the conditions for egg hatching, particle size of fine feed, proportion of loose conditioning feed, moisture content of materials, conditions for microbial activation, and fermentation time gradually increase from low to high values, the pretreatment and substrate construction process for black soldier fly larvae rearing exhibits a gradual change from low-intensity to high-intensity conditioning. Specifically, group A corresponds to the low-value parameter combination, group B to the intermediate-value combination, and group C to the high-value parameter combination, demonstrating a clear parameter gradient difference among the three groups.

[0068] The foregoing has only described certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention by way of illustration. Undoubtedly, those skilled in the art can modify the described embodiments in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the foregoing drawings and descriptions are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for raising black soldier fly larvae, characterized in that, include: S1. Obtain black soldier fly eggs or newly hatched larvae; when the obtained seed source is insect eggs, perform hatching treatment on the insect eggs to obtain newly hatched larvae; S2. Obtain the fine material from kitchen waste after degreasing and dewatering, and remove impurities and crush the fine material to 5mm-10mm; add a loosening conditioner to the fine material at 10%-15% of its mass and mix, the loosening conditioner consisting of wheat bran, distiller's grains, corn cob fragments, and sawdust, the mass ratio of wheat bran, distiller's grains, corn cob fragments, and sawdust being 1:2:2:1; add a microbial conditioning component to the mixed material, and adjust the moisture content of the material to 65%-75% before fermentation and composting to obtain aquaculture substrate; the microbial conditioning component includes compound probiotics and prebiotics, the compound probiotics including Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae; S3. The culture substrate is evenly spread in the culture container to form a culture substrate layer, and black soldier fly larvae are inoculated into the culture substrate layer; S4. The black soldier fly larvae in the breeding material layer are managed by age. During the 1st to 3rd instar breeding stage, they are fed by spreading the feed thinly and adding it frequently. During the 4th to 6th instar breeding stage, they are fed every 2 to 3 days. During the breeding process, the feed temperature is controlled at 25℃-30℃. When the feed temperature is higher than 45℃, the feed is turned over to dissipate heat. The microbial conditioning components are added during the breeding process. S5. After the black soldier fly larvae reach the harvest stage, separate the black soldier fly larvae from their excrement and harvest them, and then perform composting treatment on the excrement.

2. The method for raising black soldier fly larvae according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the seed source is insect eggs, the insect eggs are placed in an incubation tray lined with wet filter paper for incubation in the dark. The incubation temperature is 30℃-32℃, the relative humidity is 70%-80%, and the incubation time is 48-84 hours.

3. The method for raising black soldier fly larvae according to claim 1, characterized in that: The newly hatched larvae are immediately transferred to an initial feed, which includes wheat bran, cornmeal, and water; the rearing density of the newly hatched larvae is no more than 50,000 larvae / m². 2 The breeding temperature is 26℃-28℃.

4. The method for raising black soldier fly larvae according to claim 1, characterized in that: The impurity removal includes sorting and removing plastic, metal, and glass foreign objects from the fine particles of kitchen waste; the mixing is carried out by stirring.

5. The method for raising black soldier fly larvae according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fermentation and composting process takes 7-15 days.

6. The method for raising black soldier fly larvae according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ratio of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae is 2:2:5:1, and the total viable count of the compound probiotics is not less than 1×10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g, the Bacillus subtilis and the Lactobacillus plantarum are activated separately before being added to the material, and the pH value of the material is not lower than 4.0 when the compound probiotic is added to the material. The activation conditions for the Bacillus subtilis and the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens are: using warm water at a temperature of 30℃-35℃ and adding 1% brown sugar by mass, and activating for 2-4 hours; the activation conditions for the Lactobacillus plantarum are: using chlorine-free water at a temperature of 25℃-30℃ and activating for 1-2 hours.

7. A method for raising black soldier fly larvae according to claim 1, characterized in that: The compound probiotics added during the breeding process of the black soldier fly larvae include Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The component ratio of Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae is 6:3:1, and the total viable count of the compound probiotics is not less than 5 × 10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g.

8. The method for raising black soldier fly larvae according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the preparation of the breeding substrate and the breeding of black soldier fly larvae, when adding the microbial conditioning components to the materials, no antibiotics or disinfectants are added; the materials are fresh and do not include moldy materials, toxic materials, or high-salt materials.

9. A method for raising black soldier fly larvae according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stocking density of the black soldier fly larvae shall not exceed 5 kg / m³. 2 The separation process uses a 5mm mesh screen. After separation, the black soldier fly larvae are washed, drained, and collected. The collected black soldier fly larvae are then dried at 60℃ for 2 hours. After separation, the insect excrement is sieved and composted, and the composted insect excrement is used as organic fertilizer.

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