Offshore ship for producing hydrogen from renewable resources and method of operation

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of hydrogen production using renewable resources offshore ship, and renewable energy is converted into liquid hydrogen storage by two hydrogen energy systems, when ship operation needs energy, the storage unit in small-scale hydrogen energy system is converted into hydrogen gas by liquid hydrogen, and hydrogen gas is sent to fuel cell unit and generates electric energy to supply ship use, large-scale hydrogen energy system is used to produce liquid hydrogen storage except the energy required by small-scale hydrogen energy system and ship, while realizing the output of liquid hydrogen to external output unit, two hydrogen energy systems are complementary, and can complete maintaining ship operation while filling liquid hydrogen to external.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of shipbuilding, and more particularly to a marine vessel that utilizes renewable resources to produce hydrogen. Background Technology

[0002] The transition of maritime operations to renewable energy presents significant challenges in terms of energy reliability and the development of green liquid hydrogen infrastructure. Existing technologies include ships that rely on intermittent renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power, but these require robust reserve and backup systems to ensure operational reliability.

[0003] Currently, fixed offshore hydrogen energy facilities are used to replenish ship energy. However, existing technologies can only utilize renewable energy sources to operate the ship or directly refuel the fixed offshore hydrogen energy facilities from the ship, and cannot achieve the simultaneous operation of multiple functions.

[0004] In view of this, the present invention proposes a marine vessel and operation method for producing hydrogen using renewable resources, which can maintain the operation of the vessel using renewable energy while also enabling the refueling of marine hydrogen energy facilities. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention proposes a marine vessel and its operation method for producing hydrogen using renewable resources.

[0006] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution: This invention proposes a marine vessel utilizing renewable resources to produce hydrogen, comprising at least two hydrogen energy systems, a central power coordination system, an external output unit, and a fuel cell unit, wherein: Two hydrogen energy systems operate simultaneously. Each hydrogen energy system includes a hydrogen production unit, a liquefaction unit, and a storage unit. One hydrogen energy system is connected to the external output unit, and the other hydrogen energy system is connected to the fuel cell unit. The storage units of the two hydrogen energy systems are interconnected. The central power coordination system is used to generate renewable energy and power the two hydrogen energy systems. The hydrogen production unit is used to produce hydrogen using energy, which is then passed through the liquefaction unit and stored in the storage unit. The storage unit provides liquid hydrogen to the external output unit, and the fuel cell unit provides liquid hydrogen and hydrogen gas to maintain ship operation or to refuel the external vessel with liquid hydrogen.

[0007] Furthermore, the storage unit has its corresponding liquid hydrogen storage tank, the liquid hydrogen storage tanks of the two hydrogen energy systems are interconnected, and an evaporation gas buffer tank is connected to the rear side of the liquid hydrogen storage tank. The evaporation gas buffer tank is used to store and supply evaporation hydrogen, and the liquid hydrogen storage tank is used to store and supply liquid hydrogen.

[0008] Furthermore, the hydrogen production unit includes a water purification device, an electrolyzer, and a first hydrogen purification device connected in sequence. The wastewater from the seawater or fuel cell unit enters the water purification device for purification to obtain raw water. The raw water is then decomposed into hydrogen and oxygen in the electrolyzer and finally purified by the first hydrogen purification device to obtain high-purity hydrogen.

[0009] Furthermore, the liquefaction unit includes a cold box, and an intermediate cooling multi-stage compression device is installed outside the cold box. The intermediate cooling multi-stage compression device is sequentially connected to the initial precooling heat exchanger, the main precooling heat exchanger, the anodized hydrogen conversion device, the expansion turbine, the throttle valve, and the gas-liquid separator inside the cold box. The gas-liquid separator is connected to the liquid hydrogen storage tank. After being compressed by the intermediate cooling multi-stage compression device, the hydrogen gas passes through the initial precooling heat exchanger and the main precooling heat exchanger for cooling, and then undergoes anodized hydrogen conversion through the anodized hydrogen conversion device, expansion through the expansion turbine, and throttling through the throttle valve. Finally, the gas-liquid separator separates the flash gas and liquid hydrogen.

[0010] Furthermore, a thermal radiation shielding heat exchanger is also installed inside the cold box. The thermal radiation shielding heat exchanger is used to exchange heat and cool the thermal radiation shielding layer of the cold box. One end of the thermal radiation shielding heat exchanger is connected to the gas outlet of the gas-liquid separator and the outlet of the evaporating gas buffer tank, respectively, and the other end is connected to the initial pre-cooling heat exchanger. The flash gas and the evaporated hydrogen gas enter the initial pre-cooling heat exchanger for heat exchange through the thermal radiation shielding heat exchanger.

[0011] Furthermore, the liquefaction unit also includes a second hydrogen purification device, a flash gas compressor, and an oil-free evaporative gas compressor. One outlet of the initial precooling heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the intermediate cooling multi-stage compression device via the flash gas compressor. The other outlet of the initial precooling heat exchanger is sequentially connected to the second hydrogen purification device, the oil-free evaporative gas compressor, and the inlet of the intermediate cooling multi-stage compression device. The flash gas at the outlet of the initial precooling heat exchanger is compressed and heated by the flash gas compressor. The evaporated hydrogen at the outlet of the initial precooling heat exchanger is purified by the second hydrogen purification system and compressed and heated by the oil-free evaporative compressor, and then mixed with the hydrogen in the intermediate cooling multi-stage compression device to form a mixture of evaporated hydrogen, flash gas, and hydrogen.

[0012] Furthermore, the hydrogen production unit also includes a first buffer tank, an oxygen storage tank, and an ozone generator. The electrolyzer connects the oxygen storage tank, the ozone generator, and the water purification device to form a circulation loop. The first buffer tank is connected to the inlet of the water purification device. The oxygen in the electrolyzer circulates sequentially through the oxygen storage tank, the ozone generator, and the water purification device. The fuel cell unit also includes a fuel cell wastewater tank, and the hydrogen production unit also includes a seawater tank. The seawater tank and the fuel cell wastewater tank are connected to each of the first buffer tanks.

[0013] Furthermore, the fuel cell unit includes a waste heat exchanger, a second buffer tank, a hydrogen compressor, a third hydrogen purification device, a third buffer tank, and a fuel cell connected in sequence. The outlet end of the fuel cell is connected to the fuel cell wastewater tank. The fuel cell generates waste heat and supplies heat to the waste heat exchanger.

[0014] Furthermore, it also includes a central power coordination system, which comprises an offshore wind turbine, a shipborne wind turbine, and a shipborne solar array. The central power coordination system sequentially transmits the electricity from the offshore wind turbine, the shipborne wind turbine, and the shipborne solar array to the two hydrogen energy systems.

[0015] Furthermore, a method for operating ships at sea that utilizes renewable resources to produce hydrogen includes: One of the hydrogen energy systems utilizes renewable energy generated by offshore wind turbines, shipborne wind turbines, and shipborne solar cell arrays to produce and store liquid hydrogen, and generates electricity through fuel cell units when renewable energy is insufficient. Renewable energy beyond the needs of the hydrogen energy system and ship operation are utilized through another hydrogen energy system, and liquid hydrogen is output to an external output unit.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are: (1) The present invention proposes a marine vessel that uses renewable resources to produce hydrogen. The renewable energy is converted into liquid hydrogen and stored in a storage unit through two hydrogen energy systems. When the vessel needs energy, the storage unit in the small-scale hydrogen energy system converts the liquid hydrogen into hydrogen gas and delivers it to the fuel cell unit to generate electricity for the vessel. The large-scale hydrogen energy system uses energy other than that required by the small-scale hydrogen energy system and the vessel to produce liquid hydrogen for storage, and at the same time outputs liquid hydrogen to an external output unit.

[0017] (2) The hydrogen production unit for marine vessels that utilizes renewable resources proposed in this invention electrolyzes raw water into hydrogen and oxygen through an electrolyzer. The hydrogen can be liquefied and used to provide energy for fuel cells. The oxygen can then be purified by an ozone generator to purify seawater and fuel wastewater, thereby maximizing resource utilization.

[0018] (3) The marine vessels that utilize renewable resources to produce hydrogen proposed in this invention can optimize the use of renewable energy through a central power coordination system, prioritize the supply of electricity to the vessel's operation and backup energy, and then convert the energy into liquid hydrogen and store it in liquid hydrogen storage tanks, enabling flexible operation and higher reliability. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the hydrogen production unit of a marine vessel utilizing renewable resources according to the present invention. Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the liquefaction unit of a marine vessel that utilizes renewable resources to produce hydrogen according to the present invention. Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the storage unit of a marine vessel that utilizes renewable resources to produce hydrogen according to the present invention. Figure 4 This is another part of the connection structure diagram of the hydrogen production unit of a marine vessel utilizing renewable resources according to the present invention. Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of an embodiment of the central power coordination system for marine vessels utilizing renewable resources for hydrogen production according to the present invention. Figure 6 This is a diagram showing the power distribution of a marine vessel utilizing renewable resources to produce hydrogen under different scenarios, as per the present invention. Figure 7 This is a structural diagram of a fuel cell unit for a marine vessel that utilizes renewable resources to produce hydrogen, according to the present invention. Figure 8 This is a flowchart illustrating the process of refueling a marine vessel using hydrogen produced from renewable resources, as described in this invention. In the diagram: Hydrogen energy system 1, water purification device 11, electrolyzer 12, first hydrogen purification device 13, cold box 14, intermediate cooling multi-stage compression device 15, initial precooling heat exchanger 16, main precooling heat exchanger 17, positive and negative hydrogen conversion device 18, expansion turbine 19, throttle valve 110, gas-liquid separator 111, thermal radiation shielding heat exchanger 112, second hydrogen purification device 113, oil-free evaporative gas compressor 114, flash gas compressor 115, liquid hydrogen storage tank 116, evaporative gas buffer. 117, oxygen storage tank 118, ozone generator 119, first buffer tank 120, seawater tank 121, fuel cell unit 2, waste heat exchanger 21, second buffer tank 22, hydrogen compressor 23, third hydrogen purification device 24, third buffer tank 25, fuel cell 26, fuel cell wastewater tank 27, external output unit 3, central power coordination system 4, offshore wind turbine 41, shipborne wind turbine 42, shipborne solar cell array 43, external output unit 5; The realization of the purpose, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To more clearly and completely illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0021] Please refer to Figures 1-8 This invention proposes a marine vessel that utilizes renewable resources to produce hydrogen, comprising at least two hydrogen energy systems 1, a central power coordination system 4, an external output unit 53, and a fuel cell unit 2, wherein: Two hydrogen energy systems 1 operate simultaneously. Each hydrogen energy system 1 includes a hydrogen production unit, a liquefaction unit, and a storage unit. One hydrogen energy system 1 is connected to an external output unit 53, and the other hydrogen energy system 1 is connected to a fuel cell unit 2. The storage units between the two hydrogen energy systems 1 are interconnected. A central power coordination system 4 is used to generate renewable energy and power the two hydrogen energy systems 1. The hydrogen production unit is used to produce hydrogen using energy, which is then liquefied and stored in the storage unit. The storage unit provides liquid hydrogen to the external output unit 53, and the fuel cell unit 2 provides liquid hydrogen and hydrogen gas to maintain ship operation or to refuel the external vessel with liquid hydrogen.

[0022] In a specific implementation, refer to Figure 1-3 The central power coordination system 4 provides renewable energy to the two hydrogen energy systems 1. One hydrogen energy system 1 is larger in scale, while the other hydrogen energy system 1 is smaller in scale. The two hydrogen energy systems 1 have the same composition structure. The smaller hydrogen energy system 1 is designed according to the ship's operation and backup power needs, while the larger hydrogen energy system 1 can be used for refueling operations with liquid hydrogen through external output unit 53. The hydrogen production units of the two hydrogen energy systems 1 produce hydrogen and liquefy it into liquid hydrogen through the liquefaction unit, which is then stored in the storage unit. When the ship needs energy for operation, the storage unit in the smaller hydrogen energy system 1 converts the liquid hydrogen into hydrogen gas and delivers it to the fuel cell unit 2 to generate electricity for the ship's use. The larger hydrogen energy system 1 uses energy other than that required by the smaller hydrogen energy system 1 and the ship to produce and store liquid hydrogen, and provides liquid hydrogen to the external output unit 53 (external output unit 53 refers to the refueling station or other ships) to maximize energy utilization.

[0023] Furthermore, the storage unit has its corresponding liquid hydrogen storage tank 116, and the liquid hydrogen storage tanks 116 between the two hydrogen energy systems 1 are interconnected. An evaporation gas buffer tank 117 is connected to the rear side of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 116. The evaporation gas buffer tank 117 is used to store and supply evaporation hydrogen, and the liquid hydrogen storage tank 116 is used to store and supply liquid hydrogen.

[0024] In a specific implementation, refer to Figure 3Each of the two hydrogen energy systems 1 is equipped with a liquid hydrogen storage tank 116. When the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 116 of one of the hydrogen energy systems 1 is insufficient, the liquid hydrogen in the other liquid hydrogen storage tank 116 can be transferred to it. The two liquid hydrogen storage tanks 116 are physically connected to achieve energy transfer between them. The hydrogen vaporization gas provided by the vaporization gas buffer tank 117 supplies energy to the fuel cell 26 or to the liquid hydrogen transport ship to cool the liquid hydrogen storage tank.

[0025] Furthermore, the hydrogen production unit includes a water purification device 11, an electrolyzer 12, and a first hydrogen purification device 13 connected in sequence. The wastewater from the seawater or fuel cell unit 2 enters the water purification device 11 for purification to obtain raw water. The raw water is then decomposed into hydrogen and oxygen by the electrolyzer 12, and finally purified by the first hydrogen purification device 13 to obtain high-purity hydrogen.

[0026] In a specific implementation, refer to Figure 1 The water purification device 11 integrates multiple purification technologies such as ultraviolet disinfection, sand filtration, precision filtration, reverse osmosis, and electro-deionization. The water purification device 11 removes salt and pollutants from the water to obtain raw water for electrolysis. The raw water is decomposed into hydrogen and oxygen in the electrolysis cell 12 at a temperature of 300K and a pressure of 20-30 bar. Then, the water and impurities are removed by the first hydrogen purification device 13 to produce high-purity hydrogen.

[0027] Furthermore, the liquefaction unit includes a cold box 14, and an intermediate cooling multi-stage compression device 15 is installed outside the cold box 14. The intermediate cooling multi-stage compression device 15 is sequentially connected to the initial precooling heat exchanger 16, the main precooling heat exchanger 17, the ortho-parahydrogen conversion device 18, the expansion turbine 19, the throttle valve 110, and the gas-liquid separator 111 inside the cold box 14. The gas-liquid separator 111 is connected to the liquid hydrogen storage tank 116. After being compressed by the intermediate cooling multi-stage compression device 15, the hydrogen gas passes through the initial precooling heat exchanger 16 and the main precooling heat exchanger 17 for cooling in sequence. It then undergoes ortho-parahydrogen conversion through the ortho-parahydrogen conversion device 18, expansion through the expansion turbine 19, and throttling through the throttle valve 110. Finally, the gas-liquid separator 111 separates the flash gas and liquid hydrogen.

[0028] In a specific implementation, refer to Figure 2The intermediate-cooled multi-stage compressor 15 is a multi-stage compressor with intermediate cooling. The intermediate-cooled multi-stage compressor 15 pressurizes hydrogen to 80-100 bar and maintains the temperature at 300 K. After entering the initial pre-cooling heat exchanger 16, the temperature is reduced to 150 K. Then, it is cooled to 80 K by the main pre-cooling heat exchanger 17 and further cooled to 45 K by the positive and negative hydrogen conversion device 18. Then, it is cooled to 30 K and depressurized to 20-30 bar by the expansion turbine 19. Finally, it is cooled to 20 K and the pressure is reduced to 1-2 bar by the throttle valve 110. The flash vapor and liquid hydrogen are separated by the gas-liquid separator 111. The flash vapor is the unconverted residual hydrogen, and the liquid hydrogen enters the liquid hydrogen storage tank 116 for storage.

[0029] Furthermore, a thermal radiation shielding heat exchanger 112 is also installed inside the cold box 14. The thermal radiation shielding heat exchanger 112 is used to exchange heat and cool the thermal radiation shielding layer of the cold box 14. One end of the thermal radiation shielding heat exchanger 112 is connected to the gas outlet of the gas-liquid separator 111 and the outlet of the evaporating gas buffer tank 117, respectively, and the other end is connected to the initial pre-cooling heat exchanger 16. The flash gas and the evaporated hydrogen enter the initial pre-cooling heat exchanger 16 for heat exchange through the thermal radiation shielding heat exchanger 112.

[0030] In a specific implementation, refer to Figure 1-2 The cold box 14 has a thermal radiation shielding layer, which is used to isolate the cold box 14 from the outside. Part of the evaporated gas in the evaporated gas buffer tank 117 and the flash gas that is not completely liquefied in the gas-liquid separator 111 enter the thermal radiation shielding heat exchanger 112 to cool the thermal radiation shielding layer of the cold box 14, cooling the thermal radiation shielding layer to 30-80K. Then the flash gas and evaporated gas enter the initial pre-cooling heat exchanger 16 to pre-cool the hydrogen.

[0031] Furthermore, the liquefaction unit also includes a second hydrogen purification device 113, a flash gas compressor 115, and an oil-free evaporative gas compressor 114. One outlet of the initial precooling heat exchanger 16 is connected to the inlet of the intermediate cooling multi-stage compression device 15 via the flash gas compressor 115, and the other outlet of the initial precooling heat exchanger 16 is sequentially connected to the second hydrogen purification device 113, the oil-free evaporative gas compressor 114, and the inlet of the intermediate cooling multi-stage compression device 15. The flash gas at the outlet of the initial precooling heat exchanger 16 is compressed and heated by the flash gas compressor 115, and the evaporated hydrogen at the outlet of the initial precooling heat exchanger 16 is purified by the second hydrogen purification system and compressed and heated by the oil-free evaporative compressor, and then mixed with the hydrogen in the intermediate cooling multi-stage compression device 15 to form a mixed gas of evaporated hydrogen, flash gas, and hydrogen.

[0032] In a specific implementation, refer to Figure 1-2The flash gas in the initial precooling heat exchanger 16 is compressed by the flash gas compressor 115, while the evaporated gas in the initial precooling heat exchanger 16 is purified by the second hydrogen purification system and compressed and heated by the oil-free evaporated gas compressor 114. Finally, the flash gas, the evaporated gas and the hydrogen purified by the first hydrogen purification device 13 are mixed together and enter the intermediate cooling multi-stage compression device 15 for cooling.

[0033] Furthermore, the hydrogen production unit also includes a first buffer tank 120, an oxygen storage tank, and an ozone generator 119. The electrolyzer 12 is connected to the oxygen storage tank 118, the ozone generator 119, and the water purification device 11 to form a circulation loop. The first buffer tank 120 is connected to the inlet of the water purification device 11. The oxygen in the electrolyzer 12 circulates sequentially through the oxygen storage tank 118, the ozone generator 119, and the water purification device 11. The fuel cell unit 2 also includes a fuel cell wastewater tank 27. The hydrogen production unit also includes a seawater tank 121. The seawater tank 121 and the fuel cell wastewater tank 27 are connected to each first buffer tank 120.

[0034] In a specific implementation, refer to Figure 4 Seawater enters the seawater tank 121, and wastewater from the fuel cell 26 enters the fuel cell wastewater tank 27. During hydrogen production, seawater and wastewater enter the first buffer tank 120 and then the first water purification system for purification. Subsequently, they are electrolyzed into hydrogen and oxygen by the electrolyzer 12. The oxygen is stored in the oxygen storage tank 118, which provides a stable and continuous supply of oxygen. Ozone can be generated by the ozone generator 119. Ozone can perform preliminary disinfection of seawater and wastewater. This invention utilizes the electrolyzer 12 to electrolyze seawater and wastewater into oxygen and hydrogen, while also using ozone to purify seawater and wastewater, thus maximizing resource utilization.

[0035] Furthermore, the fuel cell unit 2 includes a waste heat exchanger 21, a second buffer tank 22, a hydrogen compressor 23, a third hydrogen purification device 24, a third buffer tank 25, and a fuel cell 26 connected in sequence. The outlet end of the fuel cell 26 is connected to the fuel cell wastewater tank 27. The fuel cell 26 generates waste heat and supplies heat to the waste heat exchanger 21.

[0036] In a specific implementation, refer to Figure 7Excess evaporated hydrogen and liquid hydrogen enter the waste heat exchanger 21 and exchange heat with the waste heat of the fuel cell 26 on the other side of the waste heat exchanger 21. Then, the temperature is raised to 300K and enters the hydrogen buffer tank. After passing through the hydrogen compressor 23, the pressure is further increased from 1-2 bar to 4-10 bar. Then, it is further purified to 99.99% purity through the third hydrogen purification device 24. At this time, the hydrogen temperature is 300K and the pressure is 3-5 bar. Finally, it enters the fuel cell 26 through the third buffer tank 25 and generates DC power. The DC power is transmitted to various parts through the central power coordination system 4.

[0037] Furthermore, it also includes a central power coordination system 4, which includes an offshore wind turbine 41, a shipborne wind turbine 42, and a shipborne solar cell array 43. The central power coordination system 4 transmits the electricity from the offshore wind turbine 41, the shipborne wind turbine 42, and the shipborne solar cell array 43 to the two hydrogen energy systems 1 in sequence.

[0038] In a specific implementation, refer to Figure 5-6 When the ship is navigating between shore-based and offshore wind farms and can dock at the shore-based site, the shipborne solar panel array 43 and the shipborne wind turbine 42 operate, and the electricity is preferentially distributed through the central power coordination system 4 to the ship's operational needs and commuting backup power, and then distributed to the two hydrogen energy systems 1. At the same time, the electro-hydraulic fuel cell unit 2 can also be distributed through the central power coordination system 4. When the ship is docked at the offshore wind farm, the shipborne solar panel array 43, the offshore wind turbine 41, and the shipborne wind turbine 42 operate simultaneously, generating electricity, which is preferentially distributed through the central power coordination system 4 to the ship's operational needs and commuting to and from the shore and to the backup power for transporting liquid hydrogen, and then distributed to the two hydrogen energy systems 1. The offshore wind turbine 41, the shipborne wind turbine 42, and the shipborne solar panel array 43 can be expanded according to actual conditions.

[0039] In one embodiment, reference Figure 5The Central Power Coordination System 4 also includes: a battery bank for storing renewable energy during periods of overcapacity or low load and charging / discharging it according to system demand; a power collector for integrating offshore and shipboard wind power output; a synchronization module to ensure synchronized operation of all power sources and prevent system instability during power switching or power fluctuations; a hybrid automatic transfer switch for seamless switching between different renewable energy sources; an AC distribution panel for managing AC power from inverters and the hybrid automatic transfer switch to supply AC loads on board; AC loads: equipment systems directly powered by the AC distribution panel; a DC distribution panel for distributing DC power from renewable energy sources and the battery bank; DC loads: equipment systems directly powered by the DC distribution panel; a DC-to-AC inverter for converting DC power to AC power to meet the needs of AC loads; an AC-to-DC rectifier for converting AC power to DC power to meet the needs of DC loads; and shipboard solar power. The pool array 43 connects to the solar combiner box and monitoring equipment; the system monitoring interface monitors the system's operating status in real time and processes data from each component through the signal conversion unit; the signal conversion unit processes signals from sensors and communication equipment, providing accurate data to the central processing controller; the central processing controller coordinates and optimizes the power distribution of the entire system based on real-time data; the dynamic power distributor dynamically optimizes the power flow according to power generation, energy storage level, and power demand to ensure efficient system operation; the number of components such as DC-to-AC inverters and battery packs in the central power control system can be selected according to actual conditions; the central power control system prioritizes power allocation to the ship to power the ship's operating equipment and maintain normal ship operation, and then stores the power in the backup energy. When there is a power surplus, the power is allocated to the two hydrogen energy systems 1 to be converted into liquid hydrogen, and when the power is insufficient, the stored liquid hydrogen is used to generate electricity.

[0040] Furthermore, a method for operating ships at sea that utilizes renewable resources to produce hydrogen includes: A hydrogen energy system 1 uses renewable energy generated by an offshore wind turbine 41, a shipborne wind turbine 42, and a shipborne solar cell array 43 to produce and store liquid hydrogen, and generates electricity through a fuel cell unit 2 when renewable energy is insufficient. Renewable energy beyond the needs of the hydrogen energy system 1 and ship operation are utilized through another hydrogen energy system 1, and liquid hydrogen is output to an external output unit 53.

[0041] In a specific implementation, the offshore wind turbine 41, the shipborne wind turbine 42, and the shipborne solar cell array 43 generate renewable electrical energy. The electrical energy first meets the needs of ship operation and emergency backup power. Excess electrical energy is transmitted through the central power coordination system 4 to a small hydrogen energy system 1 to produce liquid hydrogen, which is then stored in the first storage tank of the two hydrogen energy systems 1. When the offshore wind turbine 41, the shipborne wind turbine 42, and the shipborne solar cell array 43 cannot generate excess power, the liquid hydrogen can be vaporized and used to generate electricity in the fuel cell unit 2 to power the ship's operation. When the ship is moored at an offshore energy facility and there is surplus power available, the other hydrogen energy system 1 is started to produce liquid hydrogen, which is then refueled and output through the external output unit 53.

[0042] Of course, the present invention may have many other embodiments. Based on this embodiment, other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without any creative effort are all within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A marine vessel that utilizes renewable resources to produce hydrogen, characterized in that, It includes at least two hydrogen energy systems, an external output unit, and a fuel cell unit, wherein: Two hydrogen energy systems operate simultaneously. Each hydrogen energy system includes a hydrogen production unit, a liquefaction unit, and a storage unit. One hydrogen energy system is connected to the external output unit, and the other hydrogen energy system is connected to the fuel cell unit. The storage units of the two hydrogen energy systems are interconnected. The central power coordination system is used to generate renewable energy and power the two hydrogen energy systems. The hydrogen production unit is used to produce hydrogen using energy, which is then passed through the liquefaction unit and stored in the storage unit. The storage unit provides liquid hydrogen to the external output unit, and the fuel cell unit provides liquid hydrogen and hydrogen gas to maintain ship operation or to refuel the external vessel with liquid hydrogen.

2. The marine vessel utilizing renewable resources to produce hydrogen according to claim 1, characterized in that, The storage unit has its corresponding liquid hydrogen storage tank, and the liquid hydrogen storage tanks of the two hydrogen energy systems are interconnected. An evaporation gas buffer tank is connected to the rear side of the liquid hydrogen storage tank. The evaporation gas buffer tank is used to store and supply evaporation hydrogen, and the liquid hydrogen storage tank is used to store and supply liquid hydrogen.

3. The marine vessel utilizing renewable resources to produce hydrogen according to claim 2, characterized in that, The hydrogen production unit includes a water purification device, an electrolyzer, and a first hydrogen purification device connected in sequence. Wastewater from seawater or the fuel cell unit enters the water purification device for purification to obtain raw water. The raw water is then decomposed into hydrogen and oxygen in the electrolyzer and finally purified by the first hydrogen purification device to obtain high-purity hydrogen.

4. The marine vessel utilizing renewable resources to produce hydrogen according to claim 3, characterized in that, The liquefaction unit includes a cold box, and an intermediate cooling multi-stage compression device is installed outside the cold box. The intermediate cooling multi-stage compression device is sequentially connected to the initial precooling heat exchanger, the main precooling heat exchanger, the anodized hydrogen conversion device, the expansion turbine, the throttle valve, and the gas-liquid separator inside the cold box. The gas-liquid separator is connected to the liquid hydrogen storage tank. After being compressed by the intermediate cooling multi-stage compression device, the hydrogen gas passes through the initial precooling heat exchanger and the main precooling heat exchanger for cooling. It then undergoes anodized hydrogen conversion through the anodized hydrogen conversion device, expansion through the expansion turbine, and throttling through the throttle valve. Finally, the gas-liquid separator separates the flash gas and liquid hydrogen.

5. The marine vessel utilizing renewable resources to produce hydrogen according to claim 4, characterized in that, The cold box is also equipped with a thermal radiation shielding heat exchanger, which is used to exchange heat and cool the thermal radiation shielding layer of the cold box. One end of the thermal radiation shielding heat exchanger is connected to the gas outlet of the gas-liquid separator and the outlet of the evaporating gas buffer tank, respectively, and the other end is connected to the initial pre-cooling heat exchanger. Flash gas and evaporated hydrogen enter the initial pre-cooling heat exchanger for heat exchange through the thermal radiation shielding heat exchanger.

6. The marine vessel utilizing renewable resources to produce hydrogen according to claim 5, characterized in that, The liquefaction unit further includes a second hydrogen purification device, a flash gas compressor, and an oil-free evaporative gas compressor. One outlet of the initial precooling heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the intermediate cooling multi-stage compression device via the flash gas compressor. The other outlet of the initial precooling heat exchanger is sequentially connected to the second hydrogen purification device, the oil-free evaporative gas compressor, and the inlet of the intermediate cooling multi-stage compression device. The flash gas at the outlet of the initial precooling heat exchanger is compressed and heated by the flash gas compressor. The evaporated hydrogen at the outlet of the initial precooling heat exchanger is purified by the second hydrogen purification system and compressed and heated by the oil-free evaporative compressor, and then mixed with the hydrogen in the intermediate cooling multi-stage compression device to form a mixed gas of evaporated hydrogen, flash gas, and hydrogen.

7. The marine vessel for producing hydrogen using renewable resources according to claim 6, characterized in that, The hydrogen production unit further includes a first buffer tank, an oxygen storage tank, and an ozone generator. The electrolyzer connects the oxygen storage tank, the ozone generator, and the water purification device to form a circulation loop. The first buffer tank is connected to the inlet of the water purification device. The oxygen in the electrolyzer circulates sequentially through the oxygen storage tank, the ozone generator, and the water purification device. The fuel cell unit further includes a fuel cell wastewater tank, and the hydrogen production unit further includes a seawater tank. The seawater tank and the fuel cell wastewater tank are connected to each of the first buffer tanks.

8. The marine vessel for producing hydrogen using renewable resources according to claim 7, characterized in that, The fuel cell unit includes a waste heat exchanger, a second buffer tank, a hydrogen compressor, a third hydrogen purification device, a third buffer tank, and a fuel cell connected in sequence. The outlet end of the fuel cell is connected to the fuel cell wastewater tank. The fuel cell generates waste heat and supplies heat to the waste heat exchanger.

9. The marine vessel for producing hydrogen using renewable resources according to claim 8, characterized in that, It also includes a central power coordination system, which comprises an offshore wind turbine, a shipborne wind turbine, and a shipborne solar array. The central power coordination system sequentially transmits the electricity from the offshore wind turbine, the shipborne wind turbine, and the shipborne solar array to the two hydrogen energy systems.

10. A method for operating a marine vessel using hydrogen production from renewable resources, referring to the marine vessel using hydrogen production from renewable resources as described in claim 9, characterized in that... The method includes: One of the hydrogen energy systems utilizes renewable energy generated by offshore wind turbines, shipborne wind turbines, and shipborne solar cell arrays to produce and store liquid hydrogen, and generates electricity through fuel cell units when renewable energy is insufficient. Renewable energy beyond the needs of the hydrogen energy system and ship operation are utilized through another hydrogen energy system, and liquid hydrogen is output to an external output unit.

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