Hydrogen production system based on photovoltaic photo-thermal integration

Abstract

The application relates to a hydrogen production system based on photovoltaic and photo-thermal integration, which comprises a photovoltaic and photo-thermal assembly, a heat storage device and a hydrogen production device, the output end of the photovoltaic and photo-thermal assembly is connected with the hydrogen production device, the heat storage device is arranged at a position close to the photovoltaic and photo-thermal assembly, and the heat storage device is connected with the hydrogen production device through a pipeline. The photovoltaic and photo-thermal assembly is used for providing electric energy for the hydrogen production device, the heat storage device is used for storing heat generated by the photovoltaic and photo-thermal assembly and providing heat energy for the hydrogen production device, and the hydrogen production device is used for producing hydrogen according to the electric energy and the heat energy. The photovoltaic and photo-thermal assembly can simultaneously convert solar energy into electric energy and heat energy, and the heat generated by the photovoltaic and photo-thermal assembly is stored in the heat storage device for use of the hydrogen production device, so that the situation that a large amount of waste heat is wasted in a traditional photovoltaic system is avoided, and the maximum utilization of energy is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the fields of new energy and hydrogen energy technology, and in particular to a hydrogen production system based on photovoltaic-thermal integration. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of new energy and hydrogen energy technologies, the system combining photovoltaic (PV) and proton exchange membrane (PEM) hydrogen production (referred to as "PV+PEM hydrogen production system") is one of the mainstream technological directions in the field of new energy hydrogen production.

[0003] However, the hydrogen production systems described in the relevant technologies suffer from resource waste during the hydrogen production process. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a hydrogen production system based on photovoltaic-thermal integration that can improve resource utilization in response to the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0005] In a first aspect, this application provides a hydrogen production system based on photovoltaic-thermal integration, the hydrogen production system comprising:

[0006] Photovoltaic thermal module, heat storage device and hydrogen production device; the output end of the photovoltaic thermal module is connected to the hydrogen production device, the heat storage device is located close to the photovoltaic thermal module, and the heat storage device is connected to the hydrogen production device through a pipeline.

[0007] Photovoltaic and solar thermal modules are used to provide electricity for hydrogen production units;

[0008] A thermal storage device is used to store the heat generated by photovoltaic thermal modules and provide thermal energy for hydrogen production units.

[0009] A hydrogen production unit used to produce hydrogen from electrical and thermal energy.

[0010] In some embodiments, the hydrogen production system further includes: valves and control equipment; a first end of the valve is connected to a heat storage device via a pipeline, a second end of the valve is connected to the hydrogen production device via a pipeline, and a control end of the valve is connected to the control equipment;

[0011] A control device is used to open the second terminal to provide heat energy to the hydrogen production unit when a heat demand is detected in the hydrogen production unit, and to close the second terminal when a heat demand is detected in the hydrogen production unit.

[0012] In some embodiments, the hydrogen production system further includes: a plant heating unit; the third end of the valve is also connected to the heating end of the plant heating unit via a pipeline;

[0013] The control device is specifically used to open the second terminal and close the third terminal when a heat demand is detected in the hydrogen production unit, and to open the third terminal and close the second terminal when no heat demand is detected in the hydrogen production unit.

[0014] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic thermal module includes a photovoltaic cell layer and a flat tube array, with the flat tube array disposed on one side of the photovoltaic cell layer;

[0015] Photovoltaic cell layer, used to provide power to hydrogen production units;

[0016] Flat tube arrays are used to absorb the heat generated by the photovoltaic cell layer and transfer the heat to the heat storage device.

[0017] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic cell layer includes a glass cover plate, photovoltaic cells, and an aluminum alloy backplate; the photovoltaic cells are disposed between the glass cover plate and the aluminum alloy backplate, and the flat tube array is attached to the aluminum alloy backplate.

[0018] Glass cover plate, used to reduce light reflection loss;

[0019] Aluminum alloy backplate is used to enhance the structural strength of the component.

[0020] In some embodiments, the hydrogen production system further includes a heat collection pipe; the heat collection pipe includes a flat water pipe and two universal pipes, the flat water pipe being disposed in the middle of the two universal pipes and connected to them; the flat water pipe is also disposed at one end of the flat pipe array;

[0021] Heat collection pipes are used to collect heat energy and transport it to heat storage devices.

[0022] In some embodiments, the flat tube array is made of copper or aluminum and filled with a phase change working fluid; the heat collection pipe is made of steel or aluminum.

[0023] In some embodiments, the hydrogen production device includes: a water treatment module and an electrolyzer; the water treatment module is connected to a heat storage device, and the electrolyzer is connected to the heat storage device, a photovoltaic thermal module, and a control device;

[0024] The water treatment module is used to treat raw water into pure water;

[0025] A heat storage device, specifically used to heat pure water to obtain heated pure water;

[0026] The control equipment is specifically used to determine whether the electrolyzer has a heat demand based on its working status, and to control the heated pure water to enter the electrolyzer when a heat demand is detected in the hydrogen production unit.

[0027] An electrolyzer is used to decompose heated pure water using electrical energy to produce hydrogen.

[0028] In some embodiments, the hydrogen production apparatus further includes: a hydrogen storage module; the hydrogen storage module is connected to an electrolyzer;

[0029] Hydrogen storage module, used to store hydrogen gas.

[0030] In some embodiments, the hydrogen production system further includes: a tracking unit and a transformer unit; a first end of the tracking unit is connected to a photovoltaic thermal module, a second end of the tracking unit is connected to a first end of the transformer unit, and a second end of the transformer unit is connected to the hydrogen production device;

[0031] The tracking unit is used to track the maximum power of electrical energy so that the power generation of the photovoltaic thermal module is at its optimal level.

[0032] The transformer unit is used to transform electrical energy to stabilize the input voltage of the hydrogen production unit.

[0033] The aforementioned photovoltaic-thermal integrated hydrogen production system includes photovoltaic (PV) thermal modules, a heat storage device, and a hydrogen production unit. The output of the PV thermal modules is connected to the hydrogen production unit, and the heat storage device is located close to the PV thermal modules. The heat storage device and the hydrogen production unit are connected via pipelines. The PV thermal modules provide electricity to the hydrogen production unit, the heat storage device stores the heat generated by the PV thermal modules and provides thermal energy to the hydrogen production unit, and the hydrogen production unit produces hydrogen based on the electricity and heat. The PV thermal modules can simultaneously convert solar energy into electricity and heat, and the heat generated by the PV thermal modules is stored in the heat storage device for use by the hydrogen production unit, avoiding the waste of large amounts of waste heat in traditional photovoltaic systems and maximizing energy utilization. Furthermore, by establishing a deep coupling mechanism between the PV thermal integration and the hydrogen production process, the heat generated by the photovoltaic system reduces the electricity consumption of the hydrogen production unit, further reducing the cost of hydrogen production. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of a hydrogen production system based on photovoltaic-thermal integration in some embodiments;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a second schematic diagram of a hydrogen production system based on photovoltaic-thermal integration in some embodiments;

[0036] Figure 3 This is the third schematic diagram of a hydrogen production system based on photovoltaic-thermal integration in some embodiments;

[0037] Figure 4 These are schematic diagrams of the photovoltaic thermal module in some embodiments;

[0038] Figure 5 These are schematic diagrams of the hydrogen production apparatus in some embodiments;

[0039] Figure 6 This is the fourth schematic diagram of a hydrogen production system based on photovoltaic-thermal integration in some embodiments;

[0040] Figure 7 This is the eighth schematic diagram of a hydrogen production system based on photovoltaic-thermal integration in some embodiments.

[0041] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0042] 10. Photovoltaic thermal modules; 20. Thermal storage device; 30. Hydrogen production device; 40. Valves; 50. Control equipment; 60. Plant heating device; 101. Photovoltaic cell layer; 102. Flat tube array; 1011. Glass cover plate; 1012. Photovoltaic cell; 1013. Aluminum alloy back plate; 70. Heat collection pipe; 701. Flat water pipe; 702. General-purpose pipe; 301. Water treatment module; 302. Electrolyzer; 303. Hydrogen storage module; 80. Tracking unit; 90. Transformer unit. Detailed Implementation

[0043] To facilitate understanding of this application, a more complete description will be provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate embodiments of the present application. However, the present application can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that the disclosure of this application will be thorough and complete.

[0044] It should be understood that although the terms “first,” “second,” etc., may be used herein to describe various elements, this does not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but is merely used to distinguish different components. These terms are used only to distinguish one element from another. For example, without departing from the scope of this application, a first element may be referred to as a second element, and similarly, a second element may be referred to as a first element. Words such as “comprising” or “including” mean that the element or object preceding the word covers the element or object listed following the word and its equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects.

[0045] In the embodiments of this application, the term "and / or" describes the relationship between associated objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent three cases: A alone, A and B simultaneously, and B alone. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following associated objects have an "or" relationship.

[0046] In the embodiments of this application, the term "multiple" refers to two or more, and other quantifiers are similar.

[0047] In the embodiments of this application, the term "at least one" means one or more. For example, at least one of A, B and C can represent six situations: A exists alone, B exists alone, C exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, A and C exist simultaneously, B and C exist simultaneously, and A, B and C exist simultaneously.

[0048] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application.

[0049] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0050] With the rapid development of new energy and hydrogen energy technologies, the combined photovoltaic (PV) and proton exchange membrane (PEM) hydrogen production system (referred to as "PV+PEM hydrogen production system") is one of the mainstream technologies in the field of new energy hydrogen production. In existing PV+PEM hydrogen production systems, the reaction temperature required for the PEM electrolysis process (usually 60-80℃) relies entirely on electrical heating or reaction heat, which easily leads to slow equipment start-up. Moreover, PV generates a large amount of heat during power generation due to the photothermal effect, which is mostly discharged into the environment through natural heat dissipation or forced air cooling (a few use water cooling). Therefore, traditional hydrogen production systems suffer from resource waste during the hydrogen production process. Specifically, existing PV+PEM hydrogen production systems have the following key drawbacks: First, the energy utilization method is singular. Photovoltaic modules only convert solar energy into electrical energy, and a large amount of waste heat generated during power generation is directly emitted, resulting in a serious waste of solar energy resources and a low overall energy utilization rate (usually less than 25%). Second, the efficiency of PEM hydrogen production is limited by the energy supply method. PEM electrolyzers need to consume additional electrical energy or rely on reaction heat to heat the reaction chamber to the optimal reaction temperature, resulting in high energy consumption in the hydrogen production process, slow cold start, increased electrical energy consumption per unit of hydrogen production, and increased hydrogen production costs. Third, the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic modules is easily affected by temperature. For every 1°C increase in the operating temperature of photovoltaic cells, the power generation efficiency usually decreases by 0.4%-0.5%. Existing heat dissipation methods can only maintain the module temperature in a relatively high range (reaching 50-60°C in summer), leading to a continuous decline in photovoltaic power generation efficiency. Fourth, the system function is singular, only realizing a one-way energy conversion of "power generation-hydrogen production," without integrating with the energy needs of surrounding scenarios (such as domestic water use in the plant area), and lacking the ability to provide energy collaboratively for multiple scenarios.

[0051] In view of this, this application proposes a hydrogen production system based on photovoltaic-thermal integration, which can realize the simultaneous and efficient "power generation" and "heat collection" of photovoltaic modules through a flat heat pipe array, breaking the limitation of traditional PV+PEM systems that only utilize electrical energy, and realizing the dual energy utilization of solar energy, namely "electricity and heat".

[0052] It should be noted that the beneficial effects or technical problems solved by the embodiments of this application are not limited to this one, but may also be other implicit or related problems. For details, please refer to the description of the embodiments below.

[0053] The technical solution of this application and how the technical solution of this application solves the above-mentioned technical problems are described in detail below with specific embodiments. These specific embodiments can be combined with each other, and the same or similar concepts or processes may not be described again in some embodiments. The embodiments of this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0054] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, a hydrogen production system based on photovoltaic-thermal integration is provided. The hydrogen production system includes: a photovoltaic-thermal module 10, a heat storage device 20, and a hydrogen production device 30.

[0055] The photovoltaic thermal module 10 is connected to the hydrogen production device 30 at its output end. A heat storage device 20 is positioned close to the photovoltaic thermal module 10 and is connected to the hydrogen production device 30 via a pipeline. The photovoltaic thermal module 10 provides electrical energy to the hydrogen production device 30; the heat storage device 20 stores the heat generated by the photovoltaic thermal module 10 and provides thermal energy to the hydrogen production device 30; the hydrogen production device 30 produces hydrogen based on the electrical and thermal energy.

[0056] The aforementioned photovoltaic (PV) thermal module 10, as the core energy conversion unit of the hydrogen production system, can convert solar energy into electrical energy, and generate heat during the conversion process. After converting solar energy into direct current (DC), the PV thermal module 10 can directly output it to the hydrogen production unit 30. This method is suitable when the hydrogen production unit 30 itself supports DC input, reducing energy loss during the energy conversion process. Optionally, after converting solar energy into DC, the PV thermal module 10 can be converted into alternating current (AC) by an inverter before being output to the hydrogen production unit 30. This method allows the hydrogen production system to be compatible with the power grid, facilitating the acquisition of additional power from the grid when necessary, or the feedback of excess power to the grid.

[0057] The photovoltaic thermal module 10 can adopt a multi-layer composite structure. The outermost layer can be a high-transmittance glass layer to protect the internal structure and allow sunlight to pass through as much as possible; the middle layer can be a photovoltaic cell layer 101, which can be made of high-efficiency photovoltaic materials such as monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, or perovskite to convert solar energy into electrical energy; the bottom layer can be a heat-absorbing layer, which uses a high-absorption metal material (such as copper, aluminum, etc.) or a special heat-absorbing coating to efficiently absorb the heat energy in solar energy. This composite layer structure can realize the "electricity-heat" synergistic conversion of solar energy and reduce waste heat. Optionally, the photovoltaic thermal module 10 can adopt a direct back-side cooling type. The back electrode of the photovoltaic cell 1012 is directly fabricated on the microchannel metal substrate, and the cooling fluid (such as deionized water) flows in the microchannel to directly cool the cell, resulting in extremely high heat exchange efficiency.

[0058] A microchannel structure can be incorporated within the photovoltaic thermal module 10, with coolant flowing within the microchannels. The coolant absorbs heat from the heat-absorbing layer and transfers it to the heat storage device 20. The microchannel design increases the contact area between the coolant and the heat-absorbing layer, improving heat exchange efficiency and also helping to reduce the temperature of the photovoltaic cells 1012, thus enhancing photovoltaic power generation efficiency. Optionally, the photovoltaic cells 1012 can be glued or laminated onto a flat heat-collecting plate, with multiple parallel metal flow tubes welded or embedded on the back of the heat-collecting plate. Cooling fluid flows within the flow tubes, exchanging heat with the heat-collecting plate through the tube walls. Alternatively, the cooling channels can be directly integrated into the frame or back cavity of the photovoltaic module, forming an integrated encapsulation. For example, a specially designed double-layer glass encapsulation can be used, with fluid channels etched or molded inside the back glass, serving both as a protective cover and a heat exchange surface.

[0059] The aforementioned heat storage device 20 consists of one or more insulated storage tanks filled with a heat storage medium. This medium can be water, heat transfer oil, liquid metal, or solid materials such as sand, gravel, or ceramics. The system transfers the heat generated by the photovoltaic thermal module 10 to the heat storage medium via a heat exchanger (such as a coil). When heat is needed to supply the hydrogen production unit 30, the heat is extracted through another heat exchange loop.

[0060] The heat storage device 20 can use sensible heat storage materials, such as water or sand, as sensible heat storage materials: water has a large specific heat capacity, can store a large amount of heat, and is low in cost; sand has good high-temperature resistance and is suitable for high-temperature heat storage scenarios. Optionally, the heat storage device 20 can also use phase change materials (such as paraffin wax, salts, etc.) as latent heat storage materials: phase change materials can absorb or release a large amount of heat during phase change, and the temperature change is small; this characteristic allows the heat storage device 20 to maintain a relatively stable temperature when storing and releasing heat, improving the operational stability of the hydrogen production device 30.

[0061] Optionally, the heat storage device 20 can be a tank-type heat storage device 20: specifically, it adopts a tank structure, in which the heat storage material is placed in a sealed tank, and the outside of the tank is wrapped with insulation material to reduce heat loss; the coolant flows from the photovoltaic thermal module 10 into the tank, exchanges heat with the heat storage material, and transfers heat to the heat storage material; this structure is simple and easy to manufacture and maintain. Optionally, the heat storage device 20 can also be a tubular heat storage device 20: specifically, it adopts a tubular structure, in which the heat storage material is filled inside the tube, and the coolant flows outside the tube; this structure can increase the contact area between the coolant and the heat storage material, and improve the heat exchange efficiency; at the same time, the tubular structure can be flexibly arranged according to actual needs and is suitable for different installation spaces.

[0062] The aforementioned hydrogen production device 30 employs proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis technology. PEM hydrogen production offers advantages such as fast response speed, high efficiency, and high hydrogen purity. In this embodiment, the heat generated by the photovoltaic thermal module 10 can be utilized to reduce the electrical energy consumption of PEM hydrogen production and improve hydrogen production efficiency. Specifically, the heat from the heat storage device 20 is transferred to the electrolyte in the PEM hydrogen production device 30 via a heat exchanger, increasing the electrolyte temperature and thereby reducing the voltage required for water electrolysis and decreasing electrical energy consumption.

[0063] The hydrogen production system in this embodiment operates in three stages: The first stage is the solar energy capture and conversion stage. When the photovoltaic thermal module 10 is exposed to sunlight, its internal photovoltaic cell layer 101 begins to work, converting solar energy into electrical energy. Simultaneously, the heat-absorbing layer of the photovoltaic thermal module 10 begins to absorb heat energy from the solar energy. Microchannels containing coolant begin to function, circulating the coolant and absorbing heat from the heat-absorbing layer. After absorbing heat, the coolant's temperature rises, carrying the heat energy out of the photovoltaic thermal module 10. The electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic thermal module 10 is output according to different conditions. If the hydrogen production device 30 supports direct current input, the direct current generated by the module is directly transmitted to the hydrogen production device 30; if the hydrogen production device 30 requires alternating current, the direct current is converted to alternating current by an inverter before being output to the hydrogen production device 30.

[0064] The second stage is the thermal energy storage stage. The high-temperature coolant flowing from the photovoltaic thermal module 10 is transported through pipelines to the heat storage device 20. If the heat storage device 20 adopts a tank structure, the coolant flows into the tank and exchanges heat with the heat storage material inside the tank (such as water). Heat is transferred from the coolant to the heat storage material, and after the coolant temperature decreases, it flows back to the photovoltaic thermal module 10, forming a cycle. This process continues, and the heat storage device 20 continuously stores the thermal energy from the photovoltaic thermal module 10.

[0065] The third stage is the energy acquisition stage of the hydrogen production unit 30. The hydrogen production unit 30 receives electrical energy from the photovoltaic thermal module 10, providing power support for hydrogen production via water electrolysis. Simultaneously, the heat storage device 20 can use an automatic pump or other control system to transfer the stored heat energy to the hydrogen production unit 30 through pipelines, raising the electrolyte temperature. Within the hydrogen production unit 30, electrical and thermal energy work together to produce hydrogen. Taking PEM hydrogen production as an example, under suitable temperature and electrical energy, water molecules are decomposed into hydrogen ions, electrons, and oxygen at the anode of the electrolyzer 302. Hydrogen ions pass through the proton exchange membrane to the cathode, where they gain electrons to generate hydrogen gas. The produced hydrogen gas is collected and can be used for subsequent energy applications or industrial production.

[0066] The photovoltaic-thermal integrated hydrogen production system provided in this application embodiment can simultaneously convert solar energy into electrical energy and thermal energy through the photovoltaic-thermal module 10. The heat generated by the photovoltaic-thermal module 10 is stored in the heat storage device 20 for use by the hydrogen production device 30, avoiding the waste of large amounts of waste heat in traditional photovoltaic systems and maximizing energy utilization. Furthermore, by establishing a deep coupling mechanism between the photovoltaic-thermal integration and the hydrogen production process of the hydrogen production device 30, the heat generated by the photovoltaic system reduces the electrical energy consumption of the hydrogen production device 30, further reducing the cost of hydrogen production.

[0067] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown, the hydrogen production system also includes: valve 40 and control equipment 50;

[0068] The first end of valve 40 is connected to the heat storage device 20 via a pipe, the second end of valve 40 is connected to the hydrogen production device 30 via a pipe, and the control end of valve 40 is connected to the control device 50. The control device 50 is used to open the second end to provide heat energy to the hydrogen production device 30 when a heat demand is detected in the hydrogen production device 30, and to close the second end when a heat demand is detected in the hydrogen production device 30.

[0069] The valve 40 mentioned above is a three-way valve 40. The valve 40 type can be an electric regulating valve, a solenoid valve, or a pneumatic regulating valve.

[0070] The aforementioned control device 50 can be a microcontroller, a programmable logic controller (PLC), or an industrial computer.

[0071] In this embodiment, a temperature sensor can be installed in the hydrogen production device 30. The control device 50 monitors the current temperature of the hydrogen production device 30 in real time through the temperature sensor and determines whether the hydrogen production device 30 has a heat requirement based on the current temperature. Specifically, the current temperature of the hydrogen production device 30 can be compared with a preset temperature threshold (which can be determined according to the actual hydrogen production demand). If the current temperature of the hydrogen production device 30 is lower than the preset temperature threshold, it is determined that the hydrogen production device 30 has a heat requirement. If the current temperature of the hydrogen production device 30 is not lower than the preset temperature threshold, it is determined that the hydrogen production device 30 has a heat requirement.

[0072] Optionally, a power meter can be installed in the hydrogen production unit 30. The control device 50 monitors the current power of the hydrogen production unit 30 in real time through the power meter and determines whether the hydrogen production unit 30 has a heat demand based on the current power. Specifically, it can be determined whether the current power of the hydrogen production unit 30 is within a preset power threshold range (i.e., the power range when the hydrogen production unit 30 is in a stable operating state). If the current power of the hydrogen production unit 30 is not within the preset power threshold range, it is determined that the hydrogen production unit 30 has a heat demand; if the current power of the hydrogen production unit 30 is within the preset power threshold range, it is determined that the hydrogen production unit 30 has a heat demand.

[0073] Optionally, the control device 50 can determine whether the hydrogen production device 30 has a heat demand based on the current temperature and current power of the hydrogen production device 30. If the current temperature of the hydrogen production device 30 is less than a preset temperature threshold or the current power is not within the preset power threshold range, then it is determined that the hydrogen production device 30 has a heat demand. If the current temperature of the hydrogen production device 30 is not less than the preset temperature threshold and the current power is within the preset power threshold range, then it is determined that the hydrogen production device 30 has a heat demand.

[0074] In this embodiment, the hydrogen production system operates as follows: Control device 50 continuously monitors the heat demand of hydrogen production unit 30. When control device 50 detects a heat demand in hydrogen production unit 30, it sends an opening signal to the control terminal of valve 40. Upon receiving the signal, valve 40 opens its second terminal, allowing the heat energy stored in heat storage device 20 to be transported to hydrogen production unit 30 through a pipeline. This heat energy can be used to increase the temperature of the electrolyte in hydrogen production unit 30, optimize the conditions for the hydrogen production reaction, and improve hydrogen production efficiency. If control device 50 detects no heat demand in hydrogen production unit 30, it sends a closing signal to the control terminal of valve 40. Valve 40 closes its second terminal, preventing heat energy from continuing to flow to hydrogen production unit 30 and avoiding waste. After obtaining electrical energy and the necessary heat energy, hydrogen production unit 30 can then perform the water electrolysis hydrogen production reaction.

[0075] The hydrogen production system described in this application embodiment achieves precise heat energy supply through the precise control of valve 40 by control device 50. Valve 40 is only opened to deliver heat energy when the hydrogen production unit 30 truly needs it, avoiding oversupply and waste, and improving the overall energy efficiency of the system. Combined with the electrical and thermal energy generated by photovoltaic modules 10, comprehensive utilization of solar energy is achieved. Electrical energy is used to drive the water electrolysis reaction, and thermal energy is used to optimize the hydrogen production reaction conditions, fully utilizing the multiple forms of solar energy and improving the conversion and utilization efficiency of solar energy.

[0076] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 As shown, the above-mentioned hydrogen production system also includes: a plant heating unit 60.

[0077] The third end of valve 40 is also connected to the heating end of the plant heating device 60 via a pipeline; the control device 50 is specifically used to open the second end and close the third end when the hydrogen production device 30 is detected to have a heat demand, and to open the third end and close the second end when the hydrogen production device 30 is detected to have no heat demand.

[0078] In this embodiment, when the control device 50 detects a heat demand in the hydrogen production unit 30, it immediately sends a control signal to the valve 40. Upon receiving the signal, the valve 40 opens its second end connected to the hydrogen production unit 30 and simultaneously closes its third end connected to the plant heating device 60. This allows the heat energy stored in the heat storage device 20 to be transported to the hydrogen production unit 30 through pipelines. This heat energy can be used to raise the temperature of the electrolyte within the hydrogen production unit 30, optimizing the conditions for the water electrolysis hydrogen production reaction and thus improving hydrogen production efficiency. When the control device 50 detects no heat demand in the hydrogen production unit 30, it sends a reverse control signal to the valve 40. The valve 40 opens its third end and closes its second end, allowing the heat energy in the heat storage device 20 to flow through pipelines to the plant heating device 60. The plant heating device 60 can then use this heat energy to meet the plant's heating and hot water supply needs. The control device 50 continuously monitors changes in the heat demand of the hydrogen production unit 30. Once the heat demand changes, the control device 50 will promptly adjust the opening and closing status of the valve 40 to ensure a reasonable distribution of heat energy between the hydrogen production unit 30 and the plant heating unit 60. Optionally, when the PEM electrolyzer 302 of the hydrogen production unit 30 does not require preheating, the heat storage device 20 can be connected to the hot water heat exchanger in the plant heating unit 60 (using a plate heat exchanger, with the heat source side being the heat storage device 20 and the cold source side being the plant's tap water). After the tap water is heated to ~40℃ by the heat exchanger, it is transported to water points such as the plant's office building and workshop rest room through the hot water supply network; the heat is used for hot water supply.

[0079] The hydrogen production system described in this application embodiment achieves dynamic distribution of heat energy between the hydrogen production unit 30 and the plant heating unit 60 through precise control of valve 40 by control device 50. Heat energy can be precisely delivered according to actual needs, avoiding waste and improving the overall energy efficiency of the system. This system simultaneously applies heat energy converted from renewable energy sources such as solar energy to hydrogen production and plant heating, achieving comprehensive energy utilization. Heat energy that might otherwise be wasted is effectively utilized, further improving overall energy efficiency.

[0080] In some embodiments, such as Figure 4 As shown, the photovoltaic thermal module 10 includes a photovoltaic cell layer 101 and a flat tube array 102.

[0081] The flat tube array 102 is disposed on one side of the photovoltaic cell layer 101. The photovoltaic cell layer 101 provides electrical energy to the hydrogen production device 30; the flat tube array 102 absorbs the heat generated by the photovoltaic cell layer 101 and transfers the heat to the heat storage device 20. The flat tube array 102 is made of copper or aluminum, filled with a phase change working fluid, with a heat pipe thickness of 5-8 mm, a width of 30-50 mm, and a spacing of 10-15 mm between adjacent heat pipes to ensure full contact with the photovoltaic cell layer 101.

[0082] Furthermore, the photovoltaic cell layer 101 includes a glass cover plate 1011, a photovoltaic cell 1012, and an aluminum alloy backplate 1013.

[0083] The photovoltaic cell 1012 is disposed between the glass cover plate 1011 and the aluminum alloy back plate 1013, and the flat tube array 102 is attached to the aluminum alloy back plate 1013. The glass cover plate 1011 is used to reduce light reflection loss; the aluminum alloy back plate 1013 is used to enhance the structural strength of the module.

[0084] The aforementioned glass cover 1011 can be a low-iron tempered glass cover 1011 (light transmittance ≥92%, used to reduce light reflection loss), or it can be coated glass, used to reduce light reflection loss.

[0085] The photovoltaic cell 1012 mentioned above can be a monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic cell 1012, a polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic cell 1012, or a thin-film photovoltaic cell 1012. Multiple photovoltaic cells 1012 can be arranged in series to form a cell string, in parallel, or in a mixed arrangement.

[0086] Furthermore, the hydrogen production system also includes a heat collection pipe 70.

[0087] The heat collection pipe 70 includes a flat water pipe 701 and two general-purpose pipes 702. The flat water pipe 701 is located in the middle of the two general-purpose pipes 702 and is connected to them. The flat water pipe 701 is also located at one end of the flat pipe array 102. The heat collection pipe 70 is used to collect heat energy and transport it to the heat storage device 20.

[0088] The aforementioned heat collection pipe 70 can be fitted into the aluminum alloy back plate 1013 (e.g.) Figure 4 (Illustrative image) It can also be installed without being attached to the aluminum alloy back plate 1013. Optionally, the heat collection pipe 70 can be made of steel or aluminum.

[0089] Optionally, the photovoltaic thermal module 10 is the core energy conversion unit of the system. It adopts a stacked structure, consisting of, from top to bottom, a low-iron tempered glass cover plate 1011 (with a light transmittance of ≥92% to reduce light reflection loss), photovoltaic cells 1012 (using monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic cells 1012, connected in series to form a cell string), an aluminum alloy backplate 1013 (to enhance the structural strength of the module), a flat heat pipe array (as the heat transfer core, made of copper, filled with a phase change working fluid, with a heat pipe thickness of 5-8mm, a width of 30-50mm, and a spacing of 10-15mm between adjacent heat pipes to ensure full contact with the photovoltaic cell layer 101), and a flat water pipe 701 in the heat collection pipe 70 at the condensation end of the flat heat pipe. The flat water pipe 701 is used to collect heat, and then the heat energy is transferred to the heat storage device 20 through two general-purpose pipes 702.

[0090] In this embodiment, the hydrogen production system operates as follows: Sunlight shines through the glass cover 1011 onto the photovoltaic cell 1012. The special design of the glass cover 1011 reduces light reflection loss, allowing more solar energy to be absorbed by the photovoltaic cell 1012. The photovoltaic cell 1012 uses the photoelectric effect to convert solar energy into electrical energy. This electrical energy is transmitted to the hydrogen production device 30, providing the necessary power for the hydrogen production process and driving the device to perform hydrogen production reactions such as water electrolysis. The aluminum alloy backplate 1013 is located on the other side of the photovoltaic cell 1012. It enhances the structural strength of the entire photovoltaic cell layer 101, protects the photovoltaic cell 1012 from external mechanical damage, and ensures stable operation of the photovoltaic cell 1012. During the process of the photovoltaic cell 1012 converting solar energy into electrical energy, a certain amount of heat is generated. Since the flat tube array 102 is attached to the aluminum alloy backplate 1013, the heat is conducted to the flat tube array 102 through the aluminum alloy backplate 1013. The flat tube array 102 is made of copper or aluminum, both of which have good thermal conductivity and can quickly absorb heat transferred from the aluminum alloy back plate 1013. The flat tubes are filled with a phase change working fluid. When heat is absorbed, the phase change working fluid undergoes a phase change (such as changing from solid to liquid). During the phase change process, it absorbs and stores a large amount of heat energy, playing a role in buffering and storing heat, and maintaining the relative stability of the temperature inside the flat tubes.

[0091] The flat water pipe 701 of the heat collection pipe 70 is located at one end of the flat tube array 102, and it can collect the heat energy stored in the flat tube array 102. Since the flat water pipe 701 is connected to two general-purpose pipes 702, the collected heat energy is transferred to the general-purpose pipes 702 through the flat water pipe 701. The heat collection pipe 70 is made of steel or aluminum, which has good thermal conductivity and a certain strength, and can withstand the pressure and temperature changes during the heat energy transfer process. The heat energy is transported to the heat storage device 20 through the heat collection pipe 70. The heat storage device 20 can release the stored heat energy when needed for use in the hydrogen production unit 30 or the plant heating unit 60, realizing the effective utilization of heat energy.

[0092] The hydrogen production system described in this application replaces traditional photovoltaic modules with photovoltaic-thermal integrated (PVT) modules, constructing an integrated energy system of "cogeneration-hydrogen production-waste heat utilization." This achieves comprehensive utilization of both photovoltaic and solar thermal forms of solar energy. The photovoltaic cell layer 101 converts solar energy into electrical energy for hydrogen production, while the flat tube array 102 and heat collection pipe 70 collect and store the waste heat generated by the photovoltaic cells 1012, improving the overall utilization efficiency of solar energy and reducing energy waste. Compared to traditional single photovoltaic or solar thermal systems, this system achieves more efficient energy utilization.

[0093] In some embodiments, such as Figure 5 As shown, the hydrogen production device 30 includes a water treatment module 301 and an electrolyzer 302.

[0094] The water treatment module 301 is connected to the heat storage device 20, and the electrolyzer 302 is connected to the heat storage device 20, the photovoltaic thermal module 10, and the control device 50. The water treatment module 301 is used to treat raw water into pure water; the heat storage device 20 is specifically used to heat the pure water to obtain heated pure water; the control device 50 is specifically used to determine whether the electrolyzer 302 has a heat requirement based on its operating status, and when a heat requirement is detected in the hydrogen production device 302, it controls the heated pure water to enter the electrolyzer 302.

[0095] Furthermore, the hydrogen production device 30 also includes a hydrogen storage module 303.

[0096] The hydrogen storage module 303 is connected to the electrolyzer 302; the hydrogen storage module 303 is used to store hydrogen.

[0097] The aforementioned water treatment module 301 is used for raw water filtration and desalination, producing pure water with a resistivity ≥10MΩ・cm. Filter media such as quartz sand can be used to remove larger suspended solids, silt, and other impurities from the raw water through physical interception. Ultrafiltration membrane technology can also be used to remove colloids, bacteria, viruses, and other tiny particles from the raw water.

[0098] The aforementioned hydrogen storage module 303 is a hydrogen purification and storage tank, which contains a dryer and a PSA pressure swing adsorption purification device. After purification, the hydrogen purity is ≥99.999%, and it is stored in a 35MPa high-pressure hydrogen storage tank.

[0099] The hydrogen production system in this embodiment operates as follows: Raw water first flows into the water treatment module 301, which performs a series of treatments on the raw water to remove impurities, ions, microorganisms, and other harmful substances, converting the raw water into pure water that meets the requirements for electrolysis. Treatment methods may include common water treatment processes such as filtration, reverse osmosis, and ion exchange. The treated pure water flows out of the water treatment module 301 and is transported to the heat storage device 20. The photovoltaic cell layer 101 in the photovoltaic thermal module 10 absorbs solar energy and converts it into electrical energy, while simultaneously generating heat. The flat tube array 102 is attached to the aluminum alloy backplate 1013 of the photovoltaic cell layer 101, absorbing the heat generated by the cell layer; the phase change working fluid inside stores this heat. The heat collection pipe 70 collects the heat from the flat tube array 102 and transports it to the heat storage device 20. The heat storage device 20 uses the collected heat to heat the pure water from the water treatment module 301 to a certain temperature, obtaining heated pure water. The control device 50 monitors the working status of the electrolyzer 302 in real time. By detecting parameters such as temperature, current, and voltage, it determines whether the electrolyzer 302 has a heat demand. When the control device 50 detects a heat demand in the electrolyzer 302, it controls the heat storage device 20 to deliver heated pure water to the electrolyzer 302. Simultaneously, the electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic thermal module 10 is also delivered to the electrolyzer 302. Inside the electrolyzer 302, under the influence of electricity, the heated pure water undergoes an electrolytic reaction, decomposing into hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrogen produced by the electrolyzer 302 is transported through pipelines to the hydrogen storage module 303, which stores the hydrogen for later use. The hydrogen storage module 303 can employ different storage methods, such as high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage, low-temperature liquid hydrogen storage, or solid-state hydrogen storage.

[0100] The hydrogen production system described in this application embodiment purifies raw water into pure water through a processing module, removing impurities and ions to prevent these impurities from depositing on the electrodes during electrolysis, thus affecting electrolysis efficiency and electrode lifespan. This further improves system stability and hydrogen production quality. The hydrogen storage module 303 can select appropriate hydrogen storage methods based on different needs and application scenarios. For example, high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage is suitable for short-term, small-capacity storage; cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage is suitable for large-scale, long-distance transportation and storage; and solid-state hydrogen storage offers advantages such as high safety and high storage density. This flexibility allows the system to better adapt to different market demands.

[0101] In some embodiments, such as Figure 6 As shown, the hydrogen production system also includes a tracking unit 80 and a transformer unit 90.

[0102] The tracking unit 80 is connected to the first end of the photovoltaic thermal module 10, and the second end of the tracking unit 80 is connected to the first end of the transformer unit 90. The second end of the transformer unit 90 is connected to the hydrogen production device 30. The tracking unit 80 is used to track the maximum power of the electrical energy so that the power generation of the photovoltaic thermal module 10 is in the optimal state. The transformer unit 90 is used to transform the electrical energy to stabilize the input voltage of the hydrogen production device 30.

[0103] The aforementioned tracking unit 80 can employ analog electronic components, such as operational amplifiers and comparators, to build an MPPT circuit. Through analog signal processing and computation, it achieves tracking of the maximum power point. The transformer unit 90 can be a DC / DC converter.

[0104] The aforementioned tracking unit 80 and transformer unit 90 can be integrated into a single module, reducing the system's footprint and wiring complexity. Through internal communication interfaces and control circuits, information exchange and collaborative operation between the two units are achieved, improving the overall system performance and reliability. The tracking unit 80 and transformer unit 90 can also be set up independently, connected and transmitting data via a communication network. This distributed design allows for flexible adjustment of the position and number of the two units according to actual needs, facilitating system expansion and maintenance. Simultaneously, it enhances the system's fault tolerance; a failure in one unit will not affect the normal operation of the other.

[0105] In this embodiment, the photovoltaic (PV) portion of the photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) module 10 absorbs sunlight and converts light energy into electrical energy. Simultaneously, the thermal portion collects solar radiation heat, which can be used to heat water required for subsequent electrolysis (combined with the function of the heat storage device 20 in the hydrogen production system mentioned earlier, which heats pure water). The tracking unit 80 is connected to the PVT module 10 and monitors parameters such as voltage and current output by the PVT module 10 in real time. A specific maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm, such as the perturbation observation method or the incremental conductance method, is used to continuously adjust the operating point of the PVT module 10. By changing the resistance of the connected circuit, the PVT module 10 is kept operating near its maximum power point, thus maximizing its power generation and outputting as much electrical energy as possible. The electrical energy processed by the tracking unit 80 is transmitted to the transformer unit 90, which performs voltage transformation according to the input voltage requirements of the hydrogen production device 30. If the voltage required by the hydrogen production device 30 is higher than the voltage output by the PVT module 10, the transformer unit 90 performs a voltage boosting operation; otherwise, it performs a voltage bucking operation. Through precise voltage transformation control, the voltage output to the hydrogen production unit 30 is ensured to remain stable within a suitable range. The stable voltage electrical energy is delivered to the hydrogen production unit 30, which uses this energy to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen. As described above, the water treatment module 301 in the hydrogen production unit 30 first purifies the raw water into pure water, the heat storage device 20 heats the pure water, and then, in the electrolysis cell 302, the electrically heated pure water decomposes to produce hydrogen and oxygen. The generated hydrogen is stored by the hydrogen storage module 303.

[0106] The hydrogen production system described in this application embodiment uses a tracking unit 80 to ensure that the photovoltaic thermal module 10 always operates at its maximum power point, fully utilizing solar energy resources and converting more light energy into electrical energy. This avoids energy loss caused by the operating point deviating from the maximum power point, thus improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar energy. The transformer unit 90 provides a stable input voltage to the hydrogen production device 30, preventing damage caused by voltage fluctuations. A stable voltage helps maintain the stability of the electrolysis reaction within the electrolyzer 302, improving the efficiency and quality of hydrogen production and reducing the decrease in electrolysis efficiency and equipment failure caused by voltage instability.

[0107] In summary, based on all the above embodiments, a hydrogen production system based on photovoltaic-thermal integration is also provided, such as... Figure 7 As shown, the core of this hydrogen production system is to replace traditional photovoltaic modules with "photovoltaic-thermal integrated (PVT) modules (i.e., photovoltaic-thermal module 10)" to construct an integrated energy system of "cogeneration-hydrogen production-waste heat utilization". The specific technical solution is as follows:

[0108] The novel PVT module (i.e., photovoltaic thermal module 10) based on flat heat pipes is designed as follows: This module is the core energy conversion unit of the system and adopts a stacked structure. From top to bottom, it consists of a low-iron tempered glass cover plate (i.e., glass cover plate 1011) (with a light transmittance of ≥92% to reduce light reflection loss), photovoltaic cells 1012 (using monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic cells connected in series to form a cell string), an aluminum alloy backplate 1013 (to enhance the structural strength of the module), a flat tube array 102 (as the heat transfer core, made of copper, filled with phase change working fluid, with a heat pipe thickness of 5-8mm, a width of 30-50mm, and a spacing of 10-15mm between adjacent heat pipes to ensure full fit with the photovoltaic cell layer 101), and a general-purpose pipe 702 at the condensing end of the flat water pipe 701 in the heat collection pipe 70 for collecting heat. The heated deionized water is transported to the hydrogen production unit 30 or used as a low-temperature heat source for the plant heating unit 60 through a circulating water pump to achieve directional heat delivery. The heat storage device 20 adopts an open water tank, with the heat source side connected to the PVT and the heat supply side connected to the PEM electrolytic cell or heat pump. The heat collected by the flat tube array 102 is transported to the heat storage device 20 to heat the pretreated pure water from room temperature (10-15℃) to ~40℃, and then transported to the electrolytic cell for electrolysis reaction.

[0109] The output of the PVT component is connected to the power supply terminal of the PEM electrolyzer via the MPPT (i.e., tracking unit 80) and the DC / DC converter (i.e., transformer unit 90), and the generated DC power directly provides electrolysis energy to the electrolyzer. The PEM hydrogen production unit includes a water treatment module 301 (raw water filtration and desalination, producing pure water with a resistivity ≥10MΩ・cm), a PEM electrolyzer 302 (using graphite bipolar plates, a perfluorosulfonic acid resin membrane for the proton exchange membrane, a platinum-ruthenium alloy for the cathode catalyst, and a platinum-based catalyst for the anode catalyst), and a hydrogen purification and storage module (including a dryer and a PSA pressure swing adsorption purification device, the purified hydrogen has a purity ≥99.999%, and is stored in a 35MPa high-pressure hydrogen storage tank).

[0110] Synergistic Utilization of PVT Waste Heat and Plant Hot Water Supply: When the PEM electrolyzer does not require preheating, the heat storage module can be connected to the evaporator side of the plant's hot water supply system to construct a dual-source heat pump hot water system. This heat pump has flexible low-temperature heat source adaptation capabilities. When the waste heat generated by the PVT system meets the heat exchange requirements, the heat pump prioritizes connecting to the heat storage module to obtain PVT waste heat as the evaporator side heat source, efficiently improving the heat quality through heat pump circulation. If the PVT waste heat supply is insufficient or unavailable, the system automatically switches to the air heat exchanger, using outdoor air as a substitute low-temperature heat source for continuous operation. The heat pump condenser side is directly connected to the plant's domestic hot water terminal network, stably transferring the enhanced heat to the hot water system, maximizing the recovery and utilization of PVT waste heat and ensuring a stable supply of domestic hot water to the plant.

[0111] System control and monitoring: Configure control equipment 50, which is electrically connected to the temperature sensors of the PVT components (temperature / pressure / flow sensors of the PEM electrolyzer, temperature sensors of the hot water supply module, and valves of each pipeline (i.e., valve 40) to collect system operating parameters in real time. When the hydrogen production unit is detected to have a heat demand, it provides heat energy to the hydrogen production unit. When the hydrogen production unit is detected to have no heat demand, it provides heat energy to the plant heating unit.

[0112] The hydrogen production system described in this application firstly innovates a deep coupling structure between PVT modules based on flat heat pipes and PEM hydrogen production. Through a flat heat pipe array, it achieves simultaneous and efficient "power generation" and "heat collection" by the photovoltaic modules, breaking the limitation of traditional PV+PEM systems that only utilize electrical energy and realizing the dual energy utilization of solar energy ("electricity-heat"). Secondly, it establishes a direct energy supply mechanism of "PVT heat collection - PEM preheating," directly using the heat collected by the PVT modules for preheating the feed water in PEM hydrogen production, replacing traditional reaction heating or electric heating methods. This forms a synergistic mode of "electric energy driving electrolysis, and thermal energy reducing energy consumption," improving the start-up speed of hydrogen production and solving the problem of high energy consumption in PEM hydrogen production. Finally, it designs a tiered energy utilization path of "PEM preheating priority, waste heat for hot water supply," using temperature control valves to achieve dynamic heat distribution. This ensures the efficient operation of the hydrogen production system and expands the system's energy supply function for hot water in the plant area, improving the system's adaptability to multiple scenarios and overall energy utilization rate.

[0113] By optimizing the structural design of photovoltaic modules, the "electricity-heat" synergistic conversion of solar energy is achieved, avoiding waste heat and improving photovoltaic power generation efficiency; a deep coupling mechanism between photovoltaic-thermal integration and PEM hydrogen production process is established, utilizing the heat generated by photovoltaics to reduce the power consumption of PEM hydrogen production and improve hydrogen production efficiency; the system functions are expanded to combine surplus photovoltaic energy with the plant's hot water supply needs, realizing multi-scenario energy cascade utilization and enhancing the overall value of the system.

[0114] Significantly improves overall system energy efficiency by utilizing PVT modules to achieve synergistic utilization of solar energy for both electricity and heat, increasing energy utilization by 3-4 times compared to traditional single photovoltaic systems and drastically reducing energy waste. Effectively reduces energy consumption in the PEM hydrogen production process by using heat collected by PVT to preheat the incoming water, reducing additional heating energy consumption in the electrolyzer and lowering unit hydrogen production electricity consumption by 10%-12%. Improves the stability and efficiency of photovoltaic power generation; the efficient heat dissipation of flat heat pipes reduces the operating temperature of photovoltaic cells by 10-15℃, increasing power generation efficiency by 2%-5%, while reducing the impact of temperature fluctuations on power generation performance. Reduces overall plant energy costs by reducing electricity consumption in the hydrogen production process and replacing traditional hot water heating methods, thus doubly reducing plant energy expenditures. Enhances the system's energy cascade utilization capability, forming a multi-level utilization mode of "high-grade electricity for hydrogen production, medium-grade heat for preheating, and low-grade waste heat for hot water supply," improving the economic efficiency of energy utilization. Improving the start-up speed of the PEM hydrogen production system, the preheated inlet water temperature is closer to the optimal reaction conditions, shortening the time from system start-up to stable operation and increasing equipment operational flexibility. Extending the lifespan of photovoltaic modules, the uniform heat dissipation of flat heat pipes reduces thermal stress caused by localized overheating of photovoltaic cells, slowing down module aging and extending equipment replacement cycles. Optimizing the plant's energy supply structure, achieving multi-energy complementarity of solar, hydrogen, and thermal energy, reducing dependence on traditional power grids and fossil fuels, and improving energy self-sufficiency. Enhancing the system's environmental adaptability, by adjusting the size of PVT modules and heat distribution strategies to adapt to different regional sunlight conditions and seasonal changes, maintaining stable operating efficiency. Simplifying the complexity of energy system integration, integrating hydrogen production, power generation, and hot water supply functions into a single system, reducing inter-equipment connections and lowering system maintenance costs.

[0115] The hydrogen production system described in each of the above steps has been described in the foregoing embodiments. For details, please refer to the foregoing descriptions. It will not be repeated here.

[0116] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0117] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of this patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A hydrogen production system based on photovoltaic-thermal integration, characterized in that, The hydrogen production system includes: a photovoltaic thermal module, a heat storage device, and a hydrogen production device; the output end of the photovoltaic thermal module is connected to the hydrogen production device, the heat storage device is located close to the photovoltaic thermal module, and the heat storage device is connected to the hydrogen production device through a pipeline. The photovoltaic and photothermal components are used to provide electrical energy to the hydrogen production device; The heat storage device is used to store the heat generated by the photovoltaic thermal module and to provide thermal energy for the hydrogen production device; The hydrogen production device is used to produce hydrogen based on the electrical energy and the thermal energy.

2. The hydrogen production system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydrogen production system further includes: valves and control equipment; the first end of the valve is connected to the heat storage device via a pipeline, the second end of the valve is connected to the hydrogen production device via a pipeline, and the control end of the valve is connected to the control equipment; The control device is configured to open the second terminal to provide heat energy to the hydrogen production device when a heat demand is detected in the hydrogen production device, and to close the second terminal when a heat demand is detected in the hydrogen production device.

3. The hydrogen production system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The hydrogen production system also includes: a plant heating device; the third end of the valve is also connected to the heating end of the plant heating device via a pipeline; The control device is specifically used to open the second terminal and close the third terminal when it is detected that the hydrogen production device has a heat demand, and to open the third terminal and close the second terminal when it is detected that the hydrogen production device has no heat demand.

4. The hydrogen production system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photovoltaic thermal module includes a photovoltaic cell layer and a flat tube array, wherein the flat tube array is disposed on one side of the photovoltaic cell layer; The photovoltaic cell layer is used to provide electrical energy to the hydrogen production device; The flat tube array is used to absorb the heat generated by the photovoltaic cell layer and transport the heat to the heat storage device.

5. The hydrogen production system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The photovoltaic cell layer includes a glass cover plate, photovoltaic cells, and an aluminum alloy back plate; the photovoltaic cells are disposed between the glass cover plate and the aluminum alloy back plate, and the flat tube array is attached to the aluminum alloy back plate; The glass cover is used to reduce light reflection loss; The aluminum alloy backplate is used to enhance the structural strength of the component.

6. The hydrogen production system according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that, The hydrogen production system also includes a heat collection pipe; the heat collection pipe includes a flat water pipe and two universal pipes, the flat water pipe is located in the middle of the two universal pipes and is connected to them; the flat water pipe is also located at one end of the flat pipe array; The heat collection pipe is used to collect the heat energy and transport the heat energy to the heat storage device.

7. The hydrogen production system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The flat tube array is made of copper or aluminum and filled with a phase change working fluid; the heat collection pipe is made of steel or aluminum.

8. The hydrogen production system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The hydrogen production device includes: a water treatment module and an electrolyzer; the water treatment module is connected to the heat storage device, and the electrolyzer is connected to the heat storage device, the photovoltaic thermal module, and the control equipment; The water treatment module is used to treat raw water into pure water; The heat storage device is specifically used to heat the pure water to obtain heated pure water; The control device is specifically used to determine whether the electrolyzer has the heat demand based on the working status of the electrolyzer, and when the heat demand of the hydrogen production device is detected, to control the heated pure water to enter the electrolyzer. The electrolytic cell is used to decompose the heated pure water according to the electrical energy to produce hydrogen.

9. The hydrogen production system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The hydrogen production device further includes: a hydrogen storage module; the hydrogen storage module is connected to the electrolyzer. The hydrogen storage module is used to store the hydrogen gas.

10. The hydrogen production system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydrogen production system further includes: a tracking unit and a transformer unit; the first end of the tracking unit is connected to the photovoltaic thermal module, the second end of the tracking unit is connected to the first end of the transformer unit, and the second end of the transformer unit is connected to the hydrogen production device; The tracking unit is used to track the maximum power of the electrical energy so that the power generation of the photovoltaic thermal module is in the optimal state. The transformer unit is used to transform the electrical energy to stabilize the input voltage of the hydrogen production device.

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