A colloidal electrolyte taking a functionalized MXene material as a dispersant and preparation and application thereof
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SOUTH CHINA UNIV OF TECH
- Filing Date
- 2026-03-13
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-16
Smart Images
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of lithium batteries, specifically relating to a colloidal electrolyte using surface-functionalized two-dimensional MXene material as the dispersion medium, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology
[0002] With the accelerating pace of energy transition, energy storage systems that combine high energy density, long cycle life, and high safety have become a core development direction in the energy sector. Currently, mainstream lithium-ion batteries are limited by the theoretical capacity of graphite anodes (372 mAh g⁻¹). –1 The energy density of lithium metal anodes has reached a technological bottleneck, making it difficult to meet the urgent needs of future energy storage systems for lightweight and long-range applications. Lithium metal anodes, due to their lower mass and ultra-high theoretical specific capacity, have become a key material for realizing next-generation high-energy-density battery systems.
[0003] However, lithium metal batteries face several limitations in practical applications due to the following issues: 1) The high reactivity of lithium metal leads to continuous reactions with the electrolyte, consuming both active lithium and electrolyte, resulting in rapid battery life degradation; 2) Uneven deposition and uncontrolled growth of lithium during charging and discharging form dendritic lithium dendrites, which may puncture the separator, causing short circuits and thermal runaway. To address these issues, researchers have proposed various strategies, including separator modification, artificial SEI layer construction, localized high-concentration electrolytes, and electrolyte additives. However, these strategies largely focus on solving a single problem in lithium metal battery cycling and generally lack active regulation of lithium-ion transport and deposition behavior within the battery, failing to fundamentally address the uneven and slow transport of lithium ions.
[0004] Therefore, developing an electrolyte system that can continuously and stably guide the uniform and rapid conduction of lithium ions and their uniform deposition on the lithium metal side is of great research significance for achieving lithium metal batteries with long cycle life and high safety. Summary of the Invention
[0005] To overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies of existing technologies, the primary objective of this invention is to provide a colloidal electrolyte using surface-functionalized two-dimensional MXene materials as the dispersion phase and its preparation method. The colloidal electrolyte of this invention uses surface-sulfonic acid-functionalized MXene materials as the dispersion phase. The abundant polar functional groups on its surface effectively weaken the binding between lithium ions and solvent molecules, thereby lowering the energy barrier for desolvation at the interface and inducing the formation of a stable SEI interface rich in inorganic species. Furthermore, these functional groups can also serve as strong adsorption sites for lithium ions, constructing rapid lithium ion transport channels within the electrolyte phase and accelerating ion conduction rates. Moreover, the conductivity characteristics of the functionalized MXene materials can evenly regulate the local electric field of the electrolyte phase, providing favorable conditions for the uniform deposition of lithium ions on the electrode surface.
[0006] Another object of the present invention is to provide the application of the above-mentioned colloidal electrolyte with functionalized MXene material as dispersion in lithium batteries, including lithium metal batteries and lithium-ion batteries.
[0007] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following solution:
[0008] A colloidal electrolyte using functionalized MXene material as the dispersion medium includes functionalized MXene material and a base electrolyte.
[0009] The functionalized MXene material is a sulfonic acid-functionalized MXene material, which is prepared by the following method:
[0010] (1) The MAX phase material was placed in a mixed solution containing HCl and LiF and heated to obtain a multilayer mixed end-group MXene material; after heating, it was centrifuged and washed;
[0011] (2) The multilayer mixed-end Mxene material from step (1) is placed in water for intercalation treatment, and then ultrasonically exfoliated in an ice-water bath under inert gas protection, centrifuged, and the lower layer precipitate is removed to obtain the exfoliated mixed-end MXene material; The exfoliated mixed-end MXene material is a multilayer or single-layer mixed-end MXene material.
[0012] (3) The stripped mixed end-group Mxene material is mixed with diazonium salt solution and reacted. After the reaction is completed, it is centrifuged, washed, and dried to obtain sulfonic acid functionalized MXene material; the washing refers to washing with water and ethanol in sequence.
[0013] The MAX phase material mentioned in step (1) is one of Ti3AlC2, Ti3AlCN, and Nb4AlC3, preferably Ti3AlC2.
[0014] The molar ratio of the MAX phase material to LiF is 1:2~8;
[0015] The HCl concentration in the mixed solution containing HCl and LiF is 3~12 M, preferably 4~8 M;
[0016] The mass-to-volume ratio of the MAX phase material to the mixed solution is 1 g: (15~40) mL.
[0017] The heat treatment conditions are: stirring at 25~40 °C for 24~48 h. The washing is done with water.
[0018] In step (2), the mass-to-volume ratio of the multilayered mixed-terminal Mxene material to water is 0.1 g: (2~10) mL. The intercalation treatment refers to stirring under sealed conditions for 0.5~1.5 h. The ultrasonic exfoliation conditions are ultrasonic treatment at 100~500 W for 1~2 h.
[0019] After intercalation, inert gas is introduced for 10-20 minutes.
[0020] The centrifugation conditions described in step (2) are: centrifuge at 2000~3500 rpm for 0.5~1.5 h, take the supernatant and then centrifuge at 9500~10500 rpm for 0.5~1.5 h before taking the precipitate.
[0021] The diazonium salt solution mentioned in step (3) is a p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid diazonium hydrochloride solution; the concentration of the p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid diazonium hydrochloride solution is 0.1~0.3 M.
[0022] The p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid diazonium hydrochloride solution was prepared by the following method: Hydrochloric acid solution was added to an aqueous solution of p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid at 0–5 °C, and the mixture was stirred for 15–60 min; sodium nitrite solution was added while maintaining the temperature at 0–5 °C, and the mixture was stirred for 30–60 min to obtain the phenylsulfonic acid diazonium salt solution. The stirring speed was 500–1000 rpm.
[0023] The mass-to-volume ratio of p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid to water in an aqueous solution is (1.2~1.8) g: 10 mL.
[0024] The concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 1 M. The volume ratio of the hydrochloric acid solution to the water in the aqueous solution of p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid is 30~60:10.
[0025] The concentration of the sodium nitrite solution is 1~2M.
[0026] The molar ratio of p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid to sodium nitrite is 1:(0.9~1.1).
[0027] The mass molar ratio of the stripped mixed-terminal MXene material to the diazonium salt solution of p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid diazonium hydrochloride in step (3) is (70~100) mg: 0.01 mol.
[0028] The reaction conditions are stirring at 1000-2000 rpm for 2-5 h.
[0029] The centrifugation conditions described in step (3) are 1000~5000 rpm for 0.5~1.5 h.
[0030] The drying process involves freeze drying followed by vacuum drying.
[0031] The mass-to-volume ratio of the functionalized MXene material to the basic electrolyte is 0.05~1 g:1 L.
[0032] The basic electrolyte is a lithium battery electrolyte.
[0033] The basic electrolyte comprises a lithium salt and an organic solvent; the organic solvent is one of an ester-based organic solvent or an ether-based organic solvent. The concentration of the lithium salt is 1~1.5M.
[0034] The carbonate solvent is selected from at least one of the following: ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), and diethyl carbonate (DEC).
[0035] The ether electrolyte solvent is selected from at least one of the following: 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME), 1,2-dimethoxypropane (DMP), and 1,3-dioxolane (DOL).
[0036] The lithium salt is selected from at least one of the following: lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6), lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI), lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI), and lithium dioxaborate (LiBOB).
[0037] The preferred basic electrolyte is an EC:EMC solution of LiPF6; the mass ratio of EC:EMC is 3:7, and the concentration of LiPF6 is 1.2 M.
[0038] The method for preparing a colloidal electrolyte using functionalized MXene material as the dispersion medium includes the following steps: uniformly dispersing sulfonic acid functionalized MXene material into a base electrolyte to obtain a functionalized MXene colloidal electrolyte.
[0039] The uniform dispersion refers to dispersion by stirring and / or ultrasound, preferably by stirring the mixed solution for 1 to 4 hours and then ultrasound for 1 to 6 hours.
[0040] The dispersion was carried out in an inert gas atmosphere.
[0041] The stirring speed is 300~1000 rpm; the ultrasonic power is 100~500 W.
[0042] The resulting colloidal electrolyte was named Ti3C2(SO3H). x Colloidal electrolyte (MSCE for short).
[0043] The functionalized MXene material is used as a dispersant in colloidal electrolytes in lithium batteries, particularly in lithium metal batteries.
[0044] The colloidal electrolyte is a lithium metal battery electrolyte.
[0045] The negative electrode of a lithium metal battery is a lithium sheet (lithium metal), and the positive electrode material can be lithium iron phosphate (LFP) or nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary materials (LiNi). 0.6 Mn 0.2 Co 0.2 O2(NCM622), LiNi 0.8 Mn 0.1 Co 0.1 O2 (NCM811), etc.
[0046] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
[0047] 1) The method of the present invention is simple. It only requires dispersing sulfonated MXene material as an additive in a commercial electrolyte to form the target colloidal electrolyte. The process is simple, low-cost, and has good compatibility with existing battery production processes. It is easy to prepare on a large scale and promote industrialization.
[0048] 2) This invention uses sulfonated two-dimensional MXene material as the dispersion medium of colloidal electrolyte. It has abundant surface sulfonic acid functional groups and good conductivity, which can achieve high-efficiency functionalization with extremely low addition amount, reducing the amount of functional additives required.
[0049] 3) The sulfonic acid-functionalized MXene-Ti3C2(SO3H) of the present invention x The selective synthesis of MXenes with end groups other than –F and –O was achieved. The functionalized MXene materials of this invention can reduce the lithium-ion diffusion barrier and effectively guide the uniform deposition of lithium ions.
[0050] 4) The sulfonated MXene colloidal electrolyte of the present invention can homogenize the electric field distribution in the bulk phase through the conductive network of functionalized MXene material, and at the same time utilize its surface functional groups to preferentially adsorb lithium ions and reconstruct its solvation structure. The dual effect promotes the rapid and uniform conduction of lithium ions and synergistically inhibits the formation of lithium dendrites, thereby improving the safety of the battery from the root.
[0051] 5) The colloidal electrolyte of the present invention can be directly used as an electrolyte for lithium metal batteries based on various cathode materials. It can maintain the cycle stability of lithium metal batteries for a long time and effectively during the cycle process. In addition, the electrolyte has the characteristics of rapid preparation and low cost, and has a very good prospect for large-scale production. Attached Figure Description
[0052] Figure 1 The multilayer Ti3C2T in Example 1 x Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image;
[0053] Figure 2 The monolayer sulfonated Ti3C2(SO3H) obtained in Example 1. x Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image;
[0054] Figure 3 A diagram of the colloidal electrolyte prepared in Example 1;
[0055] Figure 4 Cyclic test results of a lithium metal battery assembled with the colloidal electrolyte prepared in Example 1; MSCE: colloidal electrolyte prepared in Example 1;
[0056] Figure 5 Cyclic test results of a lithium metal battery assembled with the colloidal electrolyte prepared in Example 2; MSCE: colloidal electrolyte prepared in Example 2;
[0057] Figure 6 Cyclic test results of a lithium metal battery assembled with the colloidal electrolyte prepared in Example 3; MSCE: colloidal electrolyte prepared in Example 3. Detailed Implementation
[0058] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments and accompanying drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto. Unless otherwise specified in the embodiments, conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer shall apply. Reagents or instruments used, unless otherwise specified, are all commercially available conventional products.
[0059] Example 1
[0060] (1) Hybrid end-group MXene-Ti3C2T x Preparation: 2 g Ti3AlC2 powder was slowly added to 40 mL of aqueous solution containing 6 M HCl and 2 g LiF; after stirring at 35 °C for 24 h, the product was centrifuged at 3000 rpm and washed 5 times with deionized water.
[0061] (2) Preparation of monolayer mixed end-group MXene: Take 0.5 g of the multilayer Ti3C2T from step (1) xPlace the mixture in 50 mL of deionized water and stir for 1 h under sealed conditions. Then, treat the solution with an inert gas (e.g., argon) for 10 min and then sonicate it in an ice-water bath for 1 h (ultrasonic power of 300 W). Centrifuge the resulting reaction product at 3000 rpm for 1 h, take the supernatant and centrifuge it at 10000 rpm for 1 h, and then take the precipitate to obtain the stripped mixed-terminal MXene.
[0062] (3) Sulfonic acid functionalized MXene-Ti3C2(SO3H) x Preparation: 1.8 g of p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid was dissolved in 10 mL of deionized water, and the temperature was maintained at 5 °C. 30 mL of pre-cooled (0–5 °C) 1 M hydrochloric acid solution was slowly added to the p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid solution, and the mixture was stirred at 500 rpm for 30 min. Subsequently, 6 mL of sodium nitrite solution (1.73 M) was slowly added to the solution, and the mixture was stirred at 500 rpm for 30 min until the solution turned pale yellow. Then, 90 mg of monolayer MXene was added to the diazonium salt solution, and the mixture was stirred at 1500 rpm for 2 h. After the reaction was complete, the mixture was centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 1 h, and the lower precipitate was collected. The precipitate was washed successively with deionized water and ethanol to remove any remaining diazonium salt. Finally, the resulting reaction product was frozen in a -60 °C cryogenic trap for 3 h and then vacuum dried for 12 h.
[0063] (4) Preparation of functionalized MXene colloidal electrolyte: The prepared functionalized MXene powder was transferred to a glove box under an argon atmosphere. The concentration of MXene dispersed in the ester electrolyte (1.2 M LiPF6, solvent: EC:EMC (w / w 3:7)) was 0.05 g / L. After dispersion, the colloidal electrolyte was stirred for 1 h (stirring speed was 600 rpm) and sonicated for 1 h (ultrasonic power was 300 W). The resulting electrolyte was Ti3C2(SO3H). x Colloidal electrolyte, denoted as MSCE.
[0064] Using colloidal electrolyte as the electrolyte, lithium metal batteries are assembled.
[0065] Figure 1 This embodiment uses a multilayer Ti3C2T x Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image, Figure 2 The monolayer Ti3C2(SO3H) obtained in this embodiment. x Transmission electron microscope (TEM) image. Figure 3 The figure shows the electrolyte obtained in this embodiment. It can be seen from the figure that the electrolyte exhibits a significant Tyndall effect, classifying it as a colloidal electrolyte. Figure 1As can be seen from 2 and 3, the functionalized MXene colloidal electrolyte was prepared using the method of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a test cycle diagram of a lithium metal battery with lithium iron phosphate as the positive electrode, assembled using the colloidal electrolyte prepared in this example. From... Figure 4 As can be seen, lithium metal batteries using sulfonic acid functionalized MXene colloidal electrolyte can maintain good cycle stability at a current density of 2C, with a capacity retention of 95.6% after 500 cycles. Figure 4 The MCE in the sample is a non-sulfonic acid functionalized MXene colloidal electrolyte (a colloidal electrolyte prepared using stripped mixed-terminal Mxene), which retains 66.9% of its capacity after 500 cycles. Figure 4 BE in this context means without Ti3C2(SO3H). x Commercially available ester electrolytes exhibited a capacity retention of only 56.1% after 500 cycles. Compared to unmodified commercial ester electrolytes (1.2 MLiPF6, EC:EMC (w / w 3:7)) and non-sulfonic acid functionalized colloidal electrolytes, the colloidal electrolyte prepared in this example demonstrated superior cycling stability, indicating the superior performance of Ti3C2(SO3H). x Colloidal electrolytes play a significant role in promoting rapid and uniform lithium-ion conduction, inhibiting lithium dendrite formation, and achieving uniformly deposited lithium metal anodes.
[0066] Example 2
[0067] (1) Hybrid end-group MXene-Ti3C2T x Preparation: 4 g of Ti3AlC2 powder was slowly added to 160 mL of an aqueous solution containing 3 M HCl and 4 g LiF. The mixture was stirred at 40 °C for 36 h, and the product was centrifuged at 3000 rpm and washed 5 times with deionized water.
[0068] (2) Preparation of monolayer hybrid end-group MXene: Take 2 g of multilayer Ti3C2T x The solution was placed in 50 mL of deionized water and stirred for 1 h under sealed conditions. Then, the solution was treated with inert gas for 15 min and then sonicated for 2 h under ice-water bath conditions. The resulting reaction product was centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 1 h, and the supernatant was centrifuged at 10000 rpm for 1 h before the precipitate was collected to obtain the stripped mixed-terminal MXene.
[0069] (3) Sulfonic acid functionalized MXene-Ti3C2(SO3H) xPreparation: 5.4 g of p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid was dissolved in 30 mL of deionized water, and the temperature was maintained at 0 °C. 90 mL of pre-cooled 1 M hydrochloric acid solution was slowly added to the p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid solution, and the mixture was stirred for 30 min. Subsequently, 18 mL of sodium nitrite was slowly added to the solution, and the mixture was stirred for 60 min until the solution turned pale yellow. Then, 270 mg of monolayer MXene was added to the diazonium salt solution, and the mixture was stirred at 1500 rpm for 2 h. After the reaction was complete, the mixture was centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 1 h, and the lower layer was collected and washed successively with deionized water and ethanol to remove diazonium salt residue. Finally, the obtained reaction product was placed in a -60 °C cryogenic trap and frozen for 3 h, then vacuum dried for 18 h.
[0070] (4) Preparation of functionalized MXene colloidal electrolyte: The prepared MXene powder was transferred to a glove box under an argon atmosphere. The concentration of MXene dispersed in the ether electrolyte (1.0 M LiTFSI, organic solvent: DOL:DME (w / w 1:1)) was 0.05 g / L. After dispersion, the colloidal electrolyte was stirred for 1 h and sonicated for 2 h. The resulting electrolyte was Ti3C2(SO3H). x Colloidal electrolyte.
[0071] Using colloidal electrolyte as the electrolyte, lithium metal batteries are assembled.
[0072] Figure 5 This is a cycle test diagram of a lithium metal battery with lithium iron phosphate as the positive electrode, assembled using the colloidal electrolyte prepared in this example. From... Figure 5 As can be seen, compared to unmodified commercial ether electrolytes (1.0 M LiTFSI, DOL:DME (w / w 1:1)), lithium metal batteries using gel electrolytes maintain good cycle stability at a current density of 1C, with a volume retention of 87.0% after 400 cycles, which is superior to [previous method / technology]. Figure 5 Commercial ether electrolytes.
[0073] Example 3
[0074] (1) Hybrid end-group MXene-Ti3CNT x Preparation: 2 g Ti3AlCN powder was slowly added to 80 mL of aqueous solution containing 12 M HCl and 2 g LiF; after stirring at 40 °C for 24 h (stirring speed of 500~1000 rpm), the product was centrifuged at 2000 rpm and washed 5 times with deionized water.
[0075] (2) Preparation of monolayer hybrid end-group MXene: Take 0.5 g of multilayer Ti3CNT xThe solution was placed in 50 mL of deionized water and stirred for 1 h under sealed conditions (stirring speed of 800 rpm). Then, the solution was treated with inert gas for 20 min and then sonicated for 2 h under ice-water bath conditions. The resulting reaction product was centrifuged at 2000 rpm for 1 h, and the supernatant was centrifuged at 10000 rpm for 1 h before the precipitate was collected to obtain the exfoliated monolayer mixed end-group MXene.
[0076] (3) Sulfonic acid functionalized MXene-Ti3CN(SO3H) x Preparation: 2.7 g of p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid was dissolved in 20 mL of deionized water, and the temperature was maintained at 5 °C. 60 mL of pre-cooled 1 M hydrochloric acid solution was slowly added to the p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid solution, and the mixture was stirred for 30 min (600 rpm). Subsequently, 9 mL of sodium nitrite was slowly added to the solution, and the mixture was stirred for 30 min until the solution turned pale yellow. Then, 120 mg of monolayer MXene was added to the diazonium salt solution, and the mixture was stirred at 1500 rpm for 3 h. After the reaction was complete, the mixture was centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 1 h, and the lower layer was collected and washed successively with deionized water and ethanol to remove diazonium salt residue. Finally, the obtained reaction product was placed in a -60 °C cryogenic trap and frozen for 3 h, then vacuum dried for 18 h.
[0077] (4) Preparation of functionalized MXene colloidal electrolyte: The prepared MXene powder was transferred to a glove box under an argon atmosphere. The concentration of MXene dispersed in the ester electrolyte (1.2 M LiPF6, EC:EMC (w / w 3:7)) was 0.1 g / L. After dispersion, the colloidal electrolyte was stirred for 1 h and sonicated for 2 h. The resulting electrolyte was Ti3CN(SO3H). x Colloidal electrolyte.
[0078] Using colloidal electrolyte as the electrolyte, lithium metal batteries are assembled.
[0079] Figure 6 This is a cycle test diagram of a lithium metal battery assembled with the colloidal electrolyte prepared in this example, using lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (NCM622) as the positive electrode. From... Figure 6 As can be seen, lithium metal batteries using gel electrolytes maintain good cycle stability at a current density of 1C, with a volume retention of 80.0% after 300 cycles, significantly better than... Figure 6 Commercial ester electrolytes. Figure 6 BE in this context means without Ti3C2(SO3H). x The commercially available ester electrolyte showed a capacity retention of only 77.8% after 220 cycles.
[0080] The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. Any changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, or simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be considered equivalent substitutions and shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A colloidal electrolyte using functionalized MXene material as the dispersion medium, characterized in that: It includes functionalized MXene material and a basic electrolyte; the mass-to-volume ratio of the functionalized MXene material to the basic electrolyte is 0.05~1 g:1 L; the basic electrolyte is a lithium battery electrolyte; The functionalized MXene material is a sulfonic acid-functionalized MXene material, which is prepared by the following method: (1) The MAX phase material was placed in a mixed solution containing HCl and LiF and heated to obtain a multilayer mixed end-group MXene material; (2) The multilayer mixed end-group MXene material from step (1) was placed in water for intercalation treatment, and then ultrasonically exfoliated in an ice-water bath under inert gas protection, centrifuged, and the lower layer precipitate was removed to obtain the exfoliated mixed end-group MXene material. (3) Mix the stripped mixed end-group MXene material with diazonium salt solution, react, centrifuge, wash and dry after the reaction to obtain sulfonic acid functionalized MXene material; The molar ratio of the MAX phase material to LiF mentioned in step (1) is 1:2~8; The HCl concentration in the mixed solution containing HCl and LiF is 3~12 M; The mass-to-volume ratio of the MAX phase material to the mixed solution is 1 g : (15~40) mL; The diazonium salt solution mentioned in step (3) is a p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid diazonium hydrochloride solution; the concentration of the p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid diazonium hydrochloride solution is 0.1~0.3 M; The mass molar ratio of the stripped mixed-end MXene material to the diazonium salt solution of p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid diazonium hydrochloride in step (3) is (70~100) mg: 0.01 mol; The reaction conditions are stirring at 1000-2000 rpm for 2-5 h.
2. The colloidal electrolyte using functionalized MXene material as the dispersion medium according to claim 1, characterized in that: The MAX phase material mentioned in step (1) is one of Ti3AlC2, Ti3AlCN, and Nb4AlC3; The mass-to-volume ratio of the multilayer mixed end-group MXene material to water in step (2) is 0.1 g: (2~10) mL; the intercalation treatment refers to stirring under closed conditions for 0.5~1.5 h; the ultrasonic exfoliation conditions are ultrasonic treatment at 100~500 W for 1~2 h; The centrifugation conditions described in step (2) are: centrifuge at 2000~3500 rpm for 0.5~1.5 h, take the supernatant and then centrifuge at 9500~11000 rpm for 0.5~1.5 h before taking the precipitate.
3. The colloidal electrolyte using functionalized MXene material as the dispersion medium according to claim 1, characterized in that: The basic electrolyte comprises lithium salt and organic solvent; the organic solvent is one of ester organic solvent and ether organic solvent; The carbonate solvent is selected from at least one of the following: ethylene carbonate EC, dimethyl carbonate DMC, ethyl methyl carbonate EMC, and diethyl carbonate DEC. The ether electrolyte solvent is selected from at least one of the following: 1,2-dimethoxyethane DME, 1,2-dimethoxypropane DMP, and 1,3-dioxolane DOL. The lithium salt is selected from at least one of the following: lithium hexafluorophosphate LiPF6, lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide LiFSI, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide LiTFSI, and lithium dioxalatoborate LiBOB. The conditions for the heat treatment in step (1) are: stirring at 25~40 ℃ for 24~48 h; stirring speed of 500~1000 rpm; and washing with water. In step (1), the product is heated, centrifuged, and washed; in step (3), the washing refers to washing with water and ethanol in sequence. The centrifugation conditions described in step (3) are 1000~5000 rpm for 0.5~1.5 h.
4. The colloidal electrolyte using functionalized MXene material as the dispersion medium according to claim 3, characterized in that: The lithium salt in the basic electrolyte is LiPF6, and the organic solvent is a mixture of ethylene carbonate (EC) and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC); the concentration of lithium salt in the basic electrolyte is 1~1.5M.
5. The colloidal electrolyte using functionalized MXene material as the dispersion medium according to claim 4, characterized in that: The mass ratio of EC to EMC is 3:7, and the concentration of LiPF6 in the base electrolyte is 1.2 M.
6. The colloidal electrolyte using functionalized MXene material as the dispersion medium according to claim 1, characterized in that: The p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid diazonium hydrochloride solution in step (3) is prepared by the following method: at 0~5 ℃, hydrochloric acid solution is added to the aqueous solution of p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid and stirred for 15~60 min; while maintaining the temperature at 0~5 ℃, sodium nitrite solution is added and stirred for 30~60 min to obtain the phenylsulfonate diazonium salt solution. The mass-to-volume ratio of p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid to water in an aqueous solution is (1.2~1.8) g: 10 mL; The concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 1 M; the volume ratio of the hydrochloric acid solution to the water in the aqueous solution of p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid is 30~60:10; The concentration of the sodium nitrite solution is 1~2M; The molar ratio of p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid to sodium nitrite is 1:(0.9~1.1).
7. The method for preparing a colloidal electrolyte using functionalized MXene material as the dispersion phase according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: The sulfonic acid-functionalized MXene material is uniformly dispersed into the base electrolyte to obtain the functionalized MXene colloidal electrolyte.
8. The method for preparing a colloidal electrolyte using functionalized MXene material as the dispersion phase according to claim 7, characterized in that: The uniform dispersion mentioned above refers to dispersion by stirring and / or ultrasound; The dispersion was carried out in an inert gas atmosphere; The stirring speed is 300~1000 rpm; the ultrasonic power is 100~500 W.
9. The application of the colloidal electrolyte with functionalized MXene material as the dispersion medium according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in lithium batteries, particularly in lithium metal batteries.
10. The application according to claim 9, characterized in that: The application of colloidal electrolytes using functionalized MXene materials as dispersions in lithium metal batteries.