Polypropylenimine derivatives, methods for their preparation and use

Abstract

The application belongs to the field of polymer synthesis, and discloses a polypropylene imine derivative, a preparation method and application thereof. First, an oxazine derivative monomer is polymerized by an initiator, then a side chain of the polymer is removed to obtain a polypropylene imine, the polypropylene imine is selected for further reaction to obtain a zwitterion precursor polymer, and finally the precursor polymer is hydrolyzed to obtain a polypropylene imine zwitterion derivative. The polypropylene imine zwitterion derivative prepared in the application contains a zwitterion group in each or part of the repeating units. The zwitterion group endows the polymer with good hydrophilicity and the property of resisting non-specific adsorption of proteins. The polymer has no immunogenicity and cannot be recognized by the immune system and captured by immune cells, and can be used as a drug carrier and a gene carrier, and has good blood circulation stability. Or as a biomaterial, a medical device, an implantable material and a cell delivery material, the polypropylene imine zwitterion derivative has good anticoagulation, anti-rejection and biological film performance.

Description

A polypropyleneimine derivative, its preparation method and application Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of polymer synthesis, and in particular to a polypropylene imine derivative, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Polyethylene glycol (PEG) has a wide range of applications in nanomedicine. In drug delivery systems, PEGylation of nanoparticles is expected to improve drug solubility, stability, and circulation time; PEGylated liposomes can deliver drugs to tumor sites, reducing systemic toxicity and improving therapeutic efficacy; for protein therapy, PEGylation prolongs the stability and plasma half-life of therapeutic proteins or enzymes; in gene delivery, PEG is a commonly used non-viral carrier that can enhance transfection efficiency and protect genetic material; in imaging and diagnostics, PEGylated contrast agents and diagnostic nanoparticles can prolong circulation time and enhance molecular-level disease detection; in addition, PEG can also be used to synthesize hydrogels for tissue engineering to enhance the delivery and retention of stem cells and promote tissue regeneration and repair.

[0003] However, the application of polyethylene glycol (PEG) in nanomedicine faces several challenges. First, PEG is immunogenic; repeated administration can lead to the production of anti-PEG antibodies, reducing therapeutic efficacy and potentially causing adverse reactions. Immunogenicity limits PEG's application as a coating and affects the safety and efficacy of PEGylation therapy. Second, PEGylated nanoparticles can trigger blood clearance upon repeated administration, reducing drug circulation time and treatment efficiency, thus impacting therapeutic effects. Third, the high density of PEG on the nanoparticle surface hinders its ability to penetrate deep into tumors, limiting its therapeutic effect on surrounding tumor cells. Insufficient drug distribution within the tumor can lead to suboptimal therapeutic effects and potentially induce drug resistance. Fourth, PEGylation results in variable biological responses based on factors such as PEG molecular weight, density, and conformation. Predicting and optimizing the performance of PEGylated nanomedicines presents challenges. Until these challenges are addressed, the field of nanomedicine cannot advance the development of more effective and safer treatments.

[0004] Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a widely used material in pharmaceutical formulations, drug carriers, and biomaterials. However, Ladd's research in Biomacromolecules, 2008, 9:1357-1361, showed that the adsorption capacity of 100% human plasma on the PEG surface was 7 ng / cm³. 2 However, the adsorption capacity on the surface of zwitterionic polymethacrylate carboxylate betaine was below the detection limit of 0.3 ng / cm³. 2Furthermore, research in the Journal of Controlled Release, 2007, 119:236–244 indicates that PEG materials have mild immunogenicity, and long-term use may induce an immune response in the human body, limiting their long-term application in humans.

[0005] Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the problems existing in the application of polyethylene glycol in the field of nanomedicine, such as the immunogenicity of polyethylene glycol and its ability to hinder penetration, this invention provides a polypropylene imine derivative, its preparation method, and its application.

[0007] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0008] The present invention first provides a polypropyleneimine derivative, which is derived from a poly(2-oxazine) derivative and contains one or more zwitterionic groups, one or more zwitterionic precursor groups, or both zwitterionic groups and zwitterionic precursor groups.

[0009] In one embodiment of the present invention, the zwitterionic precursor group can be converted into a zwitterionic group by hydrolysis, chemical reaction, heat, radiation, electricity, oxidation, reduction, acid or alkali treatment.

[0010] Preferably, the zwitterionic precursor group can be converted into a zwitterionic group through hydrolysis.

[0011] In one embodiment of the present invention, the zwitterionic group is selected from carboxybetaine, sulfonate betaine, or phosphate betaine. Carboxybetaine refers to a molecular structure containing a carboxylic acid anion and an amino (or ammonium) cation. Sulfonate betaine refers to a molecular structure containing a sulfonate anion and an amino (or ammonium) cation. Phosphate betaine refers to a molecular structure containing a phosphate anion and an amino (or ammonium) cation. The distance between the anions and cations of carboxybetaine, sulfonate betaine, or phosphate betaine is not limited in terms of distance and molecular structure.

[0012] In one embodiment of the present invention, the molecular structure of the polypropyleneimine derivative is shown in the following formula:

[0013] R1 is selected from -(CH2). n O(CH2) o -、-(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) p -, -CH2CH2(OCH2CH2) v- One or more of alkyl, olefinic, alkyneic, aromatic, fluorinated alkyl, fluorinated olefinic, fluorinated alkyneic, and fluorinated aromatic groups, wherein the alkyl group is selected from -CH2-, -CH2CH2-, and -(CH2). m -wait;

[0014] R2 is selected from -OH, -OCH3, -OC(CH3)3, and -O(CH2). m CH3, -O(CH2) n O(CH2) o CH3、-O(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) p CH3、-OCH2CH2(OCH2CH2) v OCH3 or other groups, wherein the other groups refer to molecules that are linked to polypropyleneimine derivatives via ester bonds, amide bonds or acid anhydride bonds, including but not limited to one or more of polyethylene glycol, tert-butanol, methanol, ethanol, cell adhesion molecules, RGD peptides, folic acid, galactose, galactose derivatives or cholesterol.

[0015] Where m, n, o, p, v, and x are independent integers selected from 1 to 1000.

[0016] More preferably, the molecular structure of the polypropyleneimine derivative is shown in the following formula:

[0017] R2 is selected from -O-, -NH-, or -S-;

[0018] R3 is selected from –H, –CH2CH2OH, –CH2CH2CH2OH, and –(CH2CH2O). n CH3、–(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3、–(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH, –((CH2) n O) m ((CH2) p O) q (CH2) r OH, –(CH2CH2O) n H、–(CH2) n OH, –(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH, –(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) n OH, –(CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH、-((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n(CH2) m OH, –((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH, –((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) m OH、–(CH2C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH2) p OH、–(CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH(CH3)) p OH, –((CH2) n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n NHC(O)(CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n C(O)NH(CH2) m OH, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 Aryl, acyl, alkyl, olefinic, alkyneic, aromatic, fluorinated alkyl, fluorinated olefinic, fluorinated alkyneic, fluorinated aromatic, polypeptide, protein, monosaccharide, disaccharide, oligo / polysaccharide, folic acid, cholesterol, lipid, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 One or more of the following: aryl, pentafluorophenyl, succinimide, lipids, targeting ligands, peptides, proteins, polymers, and targeting ligands;

[0019] m, n, o, p, s, v, x are independent integers selected from 1 to 1000.

[0020] More preferably, the molecular structure of the polypropyleneimine derivative is shown in the following formula:

[0021] R2 is selected from -O-, -NH-, or -S-;

[0022] R3 is selected from –H, –CH3, and –(CH2). n CH3, –CH2CH2OH, –CH2CH2CH2OH, –(CH2CH2O)n CH3, –(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3, –(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH, –((CH2) n O) m ((CH2) p O) q (CH2) r OH, –(CH2CH2O) n H, –(CH2) n OH, –(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH, –(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) n OH, –(CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2) m OH, –((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH, –((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) m OH, –(CH2C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH2) p OH, –(CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH(CH3)) p OH, –((CH2) n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n NHC(O)(CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n C(O)NH(CH2) m OH, C 1-n alkenyl, C 1-n alkynyl, C 6-10Aryl, acyl, alkyl, olefinic, alkyneic, aromatic, fluorinated alkyl, fluorinated olefinic, fluorinated alkyneic, fluorinated aromatic, polypeptide, protein, monosaccharide, disaccharide, oligo / polysaccharide, folic acid, cholesterol, lipid, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 One or more of the following: aryl, pentafluorophenyl, succinimide, lipids, targeting ligands, peptides, proteins, polymers, and targeting ligands;

[0023] Y and Z are independently selected from organic or inorganic molecules;

[0024] m, n, o, p, s, v, x are independent integers selected from 1 to 1000.

[0025] More preferably, the molecular structure of the polypropyleneimine derivative is shown in the following formula:

[0026] R2 is selected from -O-, -NH-, or -S-;

[0027] R3 is selected from –H, –CH3, and –(CH2). n CH3, –CH2CH2OH, –CH2CH2CH2OH, –(CH2CH2O) n CH3、–(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3、–(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH, –((CH2) n O) m ((CH2) p O) q (CH2) r OH, –(CH2CH2O) n H、–(CH2) n OH, –(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH, –(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) n OH, –(CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH、-((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2) m OH, –((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH, –((CH2) 1-8C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) m OH、–(CH2C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH2) p OH、– (CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH(CH3)) p OH, –((CH2) n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n NHC(O)(CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n C(O)NH(CH2) m OH, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 Aryl, acyl, alkyl, olefinic, alkyneic, aromatic, fluorinated alkyl, fluorinated olefinic, fluorinated alkyneic, fluorinated aromatic, polypeptide, protein, monosaccharide, disaccharide, oligo / polysaccharide, folic acid, cholesterol, lipid, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 One or more of the following: aryl, pentafluorophenyl, succinimide, lipids, targeting ligands, peptides, proteins, polymers, and targeting ligands;

[0028] R4 is selected from alkyl, olefinic, alkynyl, azide, and -(CH2CH2O). n CH3、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3、、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH, -((CH2) n O) m ((CH2) p O) q (CH2) r OH, -(CH2CH2O) n H、-(CH2) n OH, -(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH, -(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) n OH, -(CH2CH2O) nCH2CH2OH、-((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2) m OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) m OH、-(CH2C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH2) p OH、-(CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH(CH3)) p OH, –((CH2) n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n NHC(O)(CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n C(O)NH(CH2) m OH, aromatic group, fluorinated alkyl group, fluorinated olefin group, fluorinated alkyne group, fluorinated aromatic group, thiol, monohydric alcohol, polyhydric alcohol, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 Aryl; cholesterol, vitamins, small molecule drugs, nucleic acids, peptides, proteins, polymers, styrene, (meth)acrylates, ethenyl imidazole, ethenyl pyridine, acrylamide group, maleimide group, auxiliary group, folic acid, aptamer, cholesterol, liposomes, lipids, organic acids, aromatic compounds, targeting ligands, peptides, monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, glycosides, alkanes, alkene-containing compounds, alkyne-containing compounds, thiol-containing compounds, amine-containing compounds, or one of the functional groups or targeting ligands used for coupling with other compounds;

[0029] R5 is selected from -OH, -SH, -NH2, -OCH3, -OCH2CH3, -CH3, -CH2CH=CH2, and -(CH2). m CH=CH2、-(CH2) m CH=CH2(CH2) t CH3, -CH2C≡CH, -(CH2)m C≡CH、-(CH2) m C≡C(CH2) t CH3、-(CH2) n CH3、-O(CH2) v CH3、-(CH2) n CH2N3、-(CH2CH2O) n CH3、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m N3、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH、-((CH2) n Oh) m ((CH2) p Oh) q (CH2) r OH、-(CH2CH2O) n H、-(CH2) n OH、-(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH、-(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) n OH、-(CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH、-((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2) m OH、-((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH、-((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) m OH、-(CH2C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH2) p OH、-(CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH(CH3)) p OH、-((CH2) n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2) mOH, -(CH2) n NHC(O)(CH2) m OH, -(CH2) n C(O)NH(CH2) m OH, alkyl, azide, thiol, monohydric alcohol, polyhydric alcohol, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 One of the following: aryl, vitamin, small molecule drug, nucleic acid, peptide, protein, polymer, styrene, (meth)acrylate, ethylene imidazole, ethylene pyridine, acrylamide group, maleimide group, auxiliary group, monosaccharide, disaccharide, oligo / polysaccharide, folic acid, aptamer, cholesterol, lipid, or targeting ligand;

[0030] The polymers are selected from polyester, polyether, polyamide, polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, polylactic acid, poly(lactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer), poly(meth)acrylate, poly(meth)acrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol imidazole, polyvinyl alcohol pyridine, polystyrene, etc.

[0031] Y and Z are independently selected from organic or inorganic molecules;

[0032] m, n, o, p, q, r, t, u, v, x are independent integers selected from 1 to 1000.

[0033] More preferably, the molecular structure of the polypropyleneimine derivative is shown in the following formula:

[0034] Where R1 is consistent with the above-mentioned limitations on R1;

[0035] R2 is selected from –H, –CH3, and –(CH2). n CH3, –CH2CH2OH, –CH2CH2CH2OH, –(CH2CH2O) n CH3、–(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3、–(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH, –((CH2) n O) m ((CH2) p O) q (CH2) r OH, –(CH2CH2O) n H、–(CH2) n OH, –(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH, –(CH2CH2OCH2CH2)n OH, –(CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH、–-((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2) m OH, –((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH, –((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) m OH、–(CH2C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH2) p OH、–(CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH(CH3)) p OH, –((CH2) n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n NHC(O)(CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n C(O)NH(CH2) m OH, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 Aryl, cyano-containing groups, alcohols, thiols, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aromatic, fluorinated alkyl, fluorinated alkenyl, fluorinated alkynyl, fluorinated aromatic, polypeptides, proteins, monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides / polysaccharides, folic acid, aptamers, cholesterol, lipids, and targeting ligands, or combinations thereof.

[0036] R3 is selected from alkylolefin groups, alkyne groups, azides, and -(CH2CH2O). n CH3、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3、、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH, -((CH2) n O) m ((CH2) p O) q (CH2) rOH, -(CH2CH2O) n H、-(CH2) n OH, -(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH, -(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) n OH, -(CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH、-((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2) m OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) m OH、-(CH2C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH2) p OH、-(CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH(CH3)) p OH, –((CH2) n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n NHC(O)(CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n C(O)NH(CH2) m OH, aromatic group, fluorinated alkyl group, fluorinated olefin group, fluorinated alkyne group, fluorinated aromatic group, thiol, monohydric alcohol, polyhydric alcohol, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 Aryl; cholesterol, vitamins, small molecule drugs, nucleic acids, peptides, proteins, polymers, styrene, (meth)acrylates, ethenyl imidazole, ethenyl pyridine, acrylamide group, maleimide group, auxiliary group, folic acid, aptamer, cholesterol, liposomes, lipids, organic acids, aromatic compounds, targeting ligands, peptides, monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, glycosides, alkanes, alkene-containing compounds, alkyne-containing compounds, thiol-containing compounds, amine-containing compounds, or one of the functional groups or targeting ligands used for coupling with other compounds;

[0037] R4 is selected from -OH, -SH, -NH2, -OCH3, -OCH2CH3, -CH3, -CH2CH=CH2, -(CH2) m CH=CH2, -(CH2) m CH=CH2(CH2) t CH3, -CH2C≡CH, -(CH2) m C≡CH, -(CH2) m C≡C(CH2) t CH3, -(CH2) n CH3, -O(CH2) v CH3, -(CH2) n CH2N3, -(CH2CH2O) n CH3, -(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3, -(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m N3, -(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH, -((CH2) n O) m ((CH2) p O) q (CH2) r OH, -(CH2CH2O) n H, -(CH2) n OH, -(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH, -(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) n OH, -(CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2) m OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) m OH, -(CH2C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH2)p OH、-(CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH(CH3)) p OH, -((CH2) n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2) m OH, -(CH2) n NHC(O)(CH2) m OH, -(CH2) n C(O)NH(CH2) m OH, alkyl, azide, thiol, monohydric alcohol, polyhydric alcohol, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 Aryl; vitamins, small molecule drugs, nucleic acids, peptides, proteins, polymers, styrene, (meth)acrylates, ethenylimidazolium, ethenylpyridine, acrylamide group, maleimide group, auxiliary group, monosaccharide, disaccharide, oligo / polysaccharide, folic acid, aptamer, cholesterol, lipid, or targeting ligand;

[0038] m, n, o, p, q, r, t, u, v, x are independent integers selected from 1 to 1000.

[0039] More preferably, the molecular structure of the polypropyleneimine derivative is shown in the following formula:

[0040] R2 is selected from –H, –CH3, and –(CH2). n CH3, –CH2CH2OH, –CH2CH2CH2OH, –(CH2CH2O) n CH3、–(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3、–(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH, –((CH2) n O) m ((CH2) p O) q (CH2) r OH, –(CH2CH2O) n H、–(CH2) n OH, –(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH, –(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) n OH, –(CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH、–-((CH2)1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2) m OH, –((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH, –((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) m OH、–(CH2C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH2) p OH、–(CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH(CH3)) p OH, –((CH2) n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n NHC(O)(CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n C(O)NH(CH2) m OH, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 Aryl, cyano-containing groups, alcohols, thiols, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aromatic, fluorinated alkyl, fluorinated alkenyl, fluorinated alkynyl, fluorinated aromatic, polypeptides, proteins, monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides / polysaccharides, folic acid, aptamers, cholesterol, lipids, and targeting ligands, or combinations thereof.

[0041] R3 is selected from alkyl, olefinic, alkynyl, azide, and -(CH2CH2O). n CH3、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3, 、 -(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH, -((CH2) n O) m ((CH2) p O) q (CH2) r OH, -(CH2CH2O) n H、-(CH2)n OH, -(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH, -(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) n OH, -(CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH、-((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2) m OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) m OH、-(CH2C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH2) p OH、-(CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH(CH3)) p OH, –((CH2) n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n NHC(O)(CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n C(O)NH(CH2) m OH, aromatic group, fluorinated alkyl group, fluorinated olefin group, fluorinated alkyne group, fluorinated aromatic group, thiol, monohydric alcohol, polyhydric alcohol, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 Aryl; cholesterol, vitamins, small molecule drugs, nucleic acids, peptides, proteins, polymers, styrene, (meth)acrylates, ethenyl imidazole, ethenyl pyridine, acrylamide group, maleimide group, auxiliary group, folic acid, aptamer, cholesterol, liposomes, lipids, organic acids, aromatic compounds, targeting ligands, peptides, monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, glycosides, alkanes, alkene-containing compounds, alkyne-containing compounds, thiol-containing compounds, amine-containing compounds, or one of the functional groups or targeting ligands used for coupling with other compounds;

[0042] R4 is selected from one or more of -O-, -NH-, -S-, -Se-, -CH2-, and -N2-.

[0043] R5 is selected from -H, -NH2, –CH3, -CH2CH=CH2, and -(CH2). m CH=CH2、-(CH2) m CH=CH2(CH2) t CH3, -CH2C≡CH, -(CH2) m C≡CH、-(CH2) m C≡C(CH2) t CH3, –(CH2) n CH3, –(CH2) n CH2N3、–(CH2CH2O) n CH3、–(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3、–(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m N3、–(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH, –((CH2) n O) m ((CH2) p O) q (CH2) r OH, –(CH2CH2O) n H、–(CH2) n OH, –(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH, –(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) n OH, –(CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH、-((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2) m OH, –((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH, –((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) m OH、–(CH2C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m(OC(O)CH2) p OH、–(CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH(CH3)) p OH, –((CH2) n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n NHC(O)(CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n C(O)NH(CH2) m OH, C 1-n alkenyl, C 1-n alkynyl group, C 6-10 One or more of the following: aryl, peptide, protein, polymer, vinylimidazolium, vinylpyridine, (meth)acrylate, (meth)acrylamide group, maleimide group, monosaccharide, disaccharide, oligo / polysaccharide, folic acid, aptamer, cholesterol, lipid, and targeting ligand.

[0044] Alkyl groups include -CH3 and -(CH2). u CH3, olefinic groups include -CH2CH=CH2 and -(CH2) m CH=CH2、-(CH2) m CH=CH2(CH2) t CH3, alkynyl groups include -CH2C≡CH, -(CH2) m C≡CH、-(CH2) m C≡C(CH2) t CH3, azides include -(CH2) n CH2N3、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m N3, polymers include polyester, polyether, polyamide, polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, polylactic acid, poly(lactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer), poly(meth)acrylate, poly(meth)acrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol imidazole, polyvinyl alcohol pyridine, poly(meth)acrylate, polystyrene, polyester and polyether.

[0045] m, n, o, p, q, r, t, u, v, x are independent integers selected from 1 to 1000.

[0046] More preferably, the molecular structure of the polypropyleneimine derivative is shown in the following formula:

[0047] R2 is selected from –H, –CH3, and –(CH2). nCH3, –CH2CH2OH, –CH2CH2CH2OH, –(CH2CH2O) n CH3, –(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3, –(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH, –((CH2) n O) m ((CH2) p O) q (CH2) r OH, –(CH2CH2O) n H, –(CH2) n OH, –(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH, –(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) n OH, –(CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH, –-((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2) m OH, –((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH, –((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) m OH, –(CH2C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH2) p OH, –(CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH(CH3)) p OH, –((CH2) n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n NHC(O)(CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n C(O)NH(CH2) m OH, C 1-n Alkenyl, C 1-n Alkynyl, C 6-10Aryl, cyano-containing groups, alcohols, thiols, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aromatic, fluorinated alkyl, fluorinated alkenyl, fluorinated alkynyl, fluorinated aromatic, polypeptides, proteins, monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides / polysaccharides, folic acid, aptamers, cholesterol, lipids, and targeting ligands, or combinations thereof.

[0048] R3 is selected from alkyl, olefinic, alkynyl, azide, and -(CH2CH2O). n CH3、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3, 、 -(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH, -((CH2) n O) m ((CH2) p O) q (CH2) r OH, -(CH2CH2O) n H、-(CH2) n OH, -(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH, -(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) n OH, -(CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH、-((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2) m OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) m OH、-(CH2C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH2) p OH、-(CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH(CH3)) p OH, –((CH2) n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2) m OH, –(CH2) nNHC(O)(CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n C(O)NH(CH2) m OH, aromatic group, fluorinated alkyl group, fluorinated olefin group, fluorinated alkyne group, fluorinated aromatic group, thiol, monohydric alcohol, polyhydric alcohol, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 Aryl; cholesterol, vitamins, small molecule drugs, nucleic acids, peptides, proteins, polymers, styrene, (meth)acrylates, ethenyl imidazole, ethenyl pyridine, acrylamide group, maleimide group, auxiliary group, folic acid, aptamer, cholesterol, liposomes, lipids, organic acids, aromatic compounds, targeting ligands, peptides, monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, glycosides, alkanes, alkene-containing compounds, alkyne-containing compounds, thiol-containing compounds, amine-containing compounds, or one of the functional groups or targeting ligands used for coupling with other compounds;

[0049] R4 is selected from -OH, -SH, -NH2, -OCH3, -OCH2CH3, -CH3, -CH2CH=CH2, and -(CH2). m CH=CH2、-(CH2) m CH=CH2(CH2) t CH3, -CH2C≡CH, -(CH2) m C≡CH、-(CH2) m C≡C(CH2) t CH3, -(CH2) n CH3, -O(CH2) v CH3, -(CH2) n CH2N3、-(CH2CH2O) n CH3、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m N3、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH, -((CH2) n O) m ((CH2) p O) q (CH2) r OH, -(CH2CH2O) n H、-(CH2) n OH, -(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH, -(CH2CH2OCH2CH2)n OH, -(CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH、-((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2) m OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) m OH、-(CH2C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH2) p OH、-(CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH(CH3)) p OH, -((CH2) n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2) m OH, -(CH2) n NHC(O)(CH2) m OH, -(CH2) n C(O)NH(CH2) m OH, alkyl, azide, thiol, monohydric alcohol, polyhydric alcohol, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 Aryl; vitamins, small molecule drugs, nucleic acids, peptides, proteins, polymers, styrene, (meth)acrylates, ethenylimidazolium, ethenylpyridine, acrylamide group, maleimide group, auxiliary group, monosaccharide, disaccharide, oligo / polysaccharide, folic acid, aptamer, cholesterol, lipid, or targeting ligand;

[0050] A - It can be an organic or inorganic anion, including Cl. - ,Br - ;

[0051] B + It can be an organic cation or an inorganic cation;

[0052] m, n, o, p, q, r, t, u, v, x are 1-1000.

[0053] More preferably, the molecular structure of the polypropyleneimine derivative is shown in the following formula:

[0054] Wherein R1 is consistent with the above-mentioned limitation on R1;

[0055] R2 is selected from -O-, -NH-, -S-;

[0056] R3 is selected from –H, –CH3, and –(CH2). n CH3, –CH2CH2OH, –CH2CH2CH2OH, –(CH2CH2O) n CH3、–(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3、–(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH, –((CH2) n O) m ((CH2) p O) q (CH2) r OH, –(CH2CH2O) n H、–(CH2) n OH, –(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH, –(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) n OH, –(CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH、-((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2) m OH, –((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH, –((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) m OH、–(CH2C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH2) p OH、–(CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH(CH3)) p OH, –((CH2)n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n NHC(O)(CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n C(O)NH(CH2) m OH, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 Aryl, acyl, alkyl, olefinic, alkyneic, aromatic, fluorinated alkyl, fluorinated olefinic, fluorinated alkyneic, fluorinated aromatic, polypeptide, protein, monosaccharide, disaccharide, oligo / polysaccharide, folic acid, cholesterol, lipid, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 One or more of the following: aryl, pentafluorophenyl, succinimide, lipids, targeting ligands, peptides, proteins, polymers, and targeting ligands;

[0057] R4 is selected from alkyl, hydrocarbon, alkynyl, azide, and -(CH2CH2O). n CH3、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3, 、 -(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH, -((CH2) n O) m ((CH2) p O) q (CH2) r OH, -(CH2CH2O) n H、-(CH2) n OH, -(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH, -(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) n OH, -(CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH、-((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2) m OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m(OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) m OH、-(CH2C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH2) p OH、-(CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH(CH3)) p OH, –((CH2) n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n NHC(O)(CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n C(O)NH(CH2) m OH, aromatic group, fluorinated alkyl group, fluorinated olefin group, fluorinated alkyne group, fluorinated aromatic group, thiol, monohydric alcohol, polyhydric alcohol, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 Aryl; cholesterol, vitamins, small molecule drugs, nucleic acids, peptides, proteins, polymers, styrene, (meth)acrylates, ethenyl imidazole, ethenyl pyridine, acrylamide group, maleimide group, auxiliary group, folic acid, aptamer, cholesterol, liposomes, lipids, organic acids, aromatic compounds, targeting ligands, peptides, monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, glycosides, alkanes, alkene-containing compounds, alkyne-containing compounds, thiol-containing compounds, amine-containing compounds, or one of the functional groups or targeting ligands used for coupling with other compounds;

[0058] R5 is selected from -OH, -SH, -NH2, -OCH3, -OCH2CH3, -CH3, -CH2CH=CH2, and -(CH2). m CH=CH2、-(CH2) m CH=CH2(CH2) t CH3, -CH2C≡CH, -(CH2) m C≡CH、-(CH2) m C≡C(CH2) t CH3, -(CH2) n CH3, -O(CH2) v CH3, -(CH2) n CH2N3、-(CH2CH2O) n CH3、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2)m N3、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH, -((CH2) n O) m ((CH2) p O) q (CH2) r OH, -(CH2CH2O) n H、-(CH2) n OH, -(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH, -(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) n OH, -(CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH、-((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2) m OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) m OH、-(CH2C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH2) p OH、-(CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH(CH3)) p OH, -((CH2) n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2) m OH, -(CH2) n NHC(O)(CH2) m OH, -(CH2) n C(O)NH(CH2) m OH, alkyl, azide, thiol, monohydric alcohol, polyhydric alcohol, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10Aryl; vitamins, small molecule drugs, nucleic acids, peptides, proteins, polymers, styrene, (meth)acrylates, ethenylimidazolium, ethenylpyridine, acrylamide group, maleimide group, auxiliary group, monosaccharide, disaccharide, oligo / polysaccharide, folic acid, aptamer, cholesterol, lipid, or targeting ligand;

[0059] R6 is selected from –H, –CH3, and –(CH2). n CH3, –CH2CH2OH, –CH2CH2CH2OH, –(CH2CH2O) n CH3、–(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3、–(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH, –((CH2) n O) m ((CH2) p O) q (CH2) r OH, –(CH2CH2O) n H、–(CH2) n OH, –(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH, –(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) n OH, –(CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH、–-((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2) m OH, –((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH, –((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) m OH、–(CH2C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH2) p OH、–(CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH(CH3)) p OH, –((CH2) n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2)m OH, –(CH2) n NHC(O)(CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n C(O)NH(CH2) m OH, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 Aryl, cyano-containing groups, alcohols, thiols, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aromatic, fluorinated alkyl, fluorinated alkenyl, fluorinated alkynyl, fluorinated aromatic, polypeptides, proteins, monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides / polysaccharides, folic acid, aptamers, cholesterol, lipids, and targeting ligands, or combinations thereof.

[0060] Alkyl groups include -CH3 and -(CH2). u CH3, olefinic groups include -CH2CH=CH2 and -(CH2) m CH=CH2、-(CH2) m CH=CH2(CH2) t CH3, alkynyl groups include -CH2C≡CH, -(CH2) m C≡CH、-(CH2) m C≡C(CH2) t CH3, azides include -(CH2) n CH2N3、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m N3, polymers include polyester, polyether, polyamide, polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, polylactic acid, poly(lactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer), poly(meth)acrylate, poly(meth)acrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol imidazole, polyvinyl alcohol pyridine, poly(meth)acrylate, polystyrene, polyester and polyether.

[0061] A - It can be an organic or inorganic anion;

[0062] m, n, o, p, q, r, t, u, v, w, x are integers from 1 to 1000.

[0063] More preferably, the molecular structure of the polypropyleneimine derivative is shown in the following formula:

[0064] Where R1 is consistent with the above-mentioned limitations on R1;

[0065] R2 is selected from -O-, -S-, or -NH-;

[0066] R3 is selected from –H, –CH3, and –(CH2). nCH3, –CH2CH2OH, –CH2CH2CH2OH, –(CH2CH2O) n CH3, –(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3, –(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH, –((CH2) n O) m ((CH2) p O) q (CH2) r OH, –(CH2CH2O) n H, –(CH2) n OH, –(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH, –(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) n OH, –(CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2) m OH, –((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O)<​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​Aryl, acyl, alkyl, olefinic, alkyneic, aromatic, fluorinated alkyl, fluorinated olefinic, fluorinated alkyneic, fluorinated aromatic, polypeptide, protein, monosaccharide, disaccharide, oligo / polysaccharide, folic acid, cholesterol, lipid, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 One or more of the following: aryl, pentafluorophenyl, succinimide, lipids, targeting ligands, peptides, proteins, polymers, and targeting ligands;

[0067] R4 is selected from –H, –CH3, and –(CH2). n CH3, –CH2CH2OH, –CH2CH2CH2OH, –(CH2CH2O) n CH3、–(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3、–(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH, –((CH2) n O) m ((CH2) p O) q (CH2) r OH, –(CH2CH2O) n H、–(CH2) n OH, –(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH, –(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) n OH, –(CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH、–-((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2) m OH, –((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH, –((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) m OH、–(CH2C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH2) p OH、–(CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m(OC(O)CH(CH3)) p OH, –((CH2) n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n NHC(O)(CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n C(O)NH(CH2) m OH, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 Aryl, cyano-containing groups, alcohols, thiols, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aromatic, fluorinated alkyl, fluorinated alkenyl, fluorinated alkynyl, fluorinated aromatic, polypeptides, proteins, monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides / polysaccharides, folic acid, aptamers, cholesterol, lipids, and targeting ligands, or combinations thereof.

[0068] R5 is an organic or inorganic anion, selected from F. - Cl - ,Br - I - SO4 2- NO3 - Acetate or citrate;

[0069] R6 is selected from alkyl, olefinic, alkynyl, azide, and -(CH2CH2O). n CH3、 -(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3, 、 -(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH, -((CH2) n O) m ((CH2) p O) q (CH2) r OH, -(CH2CH2O) n H、-(CH2) n OH, -(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH, -(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) n OH, -(CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH、-((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2) m OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O)m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) m OH、-(CH2C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH2) p OH、-(CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH(CH3)) p OH, –((CH2) n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n NHC(O)(CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n C(O)NH(CH2) m OH, aromatic group, fluorinated alkyl group, fluorinated olefin group, fluorinated alkyne group, fluorinated aromatic group, thiol, monohydric alcohol, polyhydric alcohol, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 Aryl; cholesterol, vitamins, small molecule drugs, nucleic acids, peptides, proteins, polymers, styrene, (meth)acrylates, ethenyl imidazole, ethenyl pyridine, acrylamide group, maleimide group, auxiliary group, folic acid, aptamer, cholesterol, liposomes, lipids, organic acids, aromatic compounds, targeting ligands, peptides, monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, glycosides, alkanes, alkene-containing compounds, alkyne-containing compounds, thiol-containing compounds, amine-containing compounds, or one of the functional groups or targeting ligands used for coupling with other compounds;

[0070] R7 is selected from -O-, -NH-, -S-, -Se-, -CH2-, or -N2-;

[0071] R8 is selected from -H, -NH2, –CH3, -CH2CH=CH2, and -(CH2). m CH=CH2、-(CH2) m CH=CH2(CH2) t CH3, -CH2C≡CH, -(CH2) m C≡CH、-(CH2) m C≡C(CH2) t CH3, –(CH2) nCH3、–(CH2) n CH2N3、–(CH2CH2O) n CH3、–(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3、–(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m N 3、 –(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH、–((CH2) n O) m ((CH2) p O) q (CH2) r OH、–(CH2CH2O) n H、–(CH2) n OH、–(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH、–(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) n OH、–(CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH、-((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2) m OH、–((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH、–((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) m OH、–(CH2C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH2) p OH、–(CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH(CH3)) p OH、–((CH2) n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2) m OH、–(CH2) n NHC(O)(CH2) m OH、–(CH2) n C(O)NH(CH2) m OH、C1-n alkenyl, C 1-n alkynyl group, C 6-10 One or more of the following: aryl, peptide, protein, polymer, vinylimidazolium, vinylpyridine, (meth)acrylate, (meth)acrylamide group, maleimide group, monosaccharide, disaccharide, oligo / polysaccharide, folic acid, aptamer, cholesterol, lipid, and targeting ligand.

[0072] Alkyl groups include -CH3 and -(CH2). u CH3, olefinic groups include -CH2CH=CH2 and -(CH2) m CH=CH2、 -(CH2) m CH=CH2(CH2) t CH3, alkynyl groups include -CH2C≡CH, -(CH2) m C≡CH、-(CH2) m C≡C(CH2) t CH3, azides include -(CH2) n CH2N3、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m N3, polymers include polyester, polyether, polyamide, polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, polylactic acid, poly(lactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer), poly(meth)acrylate, poly(meth)acrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol imidazole, polyvinyl alcohol pyridine, poly(meth)acrylate, polystyrene, polyester and polyether.

[0073] n, m, p, q, r are 1–10000, and t is 0–10000.

[0074] More preferably, the molecular structure of the polypropyleneimine derivative is shown in the following formula:

[0075] Where R1 is consistent with the above-mentioned limitation on R1;

[0076] R2 is selected from one of -O-, -NH-, or -S-;

[0077] R3 is selected from –H, –CH3, and –(CH2). n CH3, –CH2CH2OH, –CH2CH2CH2OH, –(CH2CH2O) n CH3、–(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3、–(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH, –((CH2) n O) m ((CH2)p O) q (CH2) r OH, –(CH2CH2O) n H、–(CH2) n OH, –(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH, –(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) n OH, –(CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH、-((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2) m OH, –((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH, –((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) m OH、–(CH2C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH2) p OH、–(CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH(CH3)) p OH, –((CH2) n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n NHC(O)(CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n C(O)NH(CH2) m OH, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 Aryl, acyl, alkyl, olefinic, alkyneic, aromatic, fluorinated alkyl, fluorinated olefinic, fluorinated alkyneic, fluorinated aromatic, polypeptide, protein, monosaccharide, disaccharide, oligo / polysaccharide, folic acid, cholesterol, lipid, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 One or more of the following: aryl, pentafluorophenyl, succinimide, lipids, targeting ligands, peptides, proteins, polymers, and targeting ligands;

[0078] R4 is selected from -CH2CH2- and -(CH2). u -, alkyl, olefinic, alkynyl, phenyl, -CH2CH2-SS-CH2CH2-, -CH2(CH2) s -SS-(CH2) s CH2-, one or more of the polymers;

[0079] R5 is selected from -OH, -SH, -NH2, -OCH3, -OCH2CH3, -CH3, -CH2CH=CH2, and -(CH2). m CH=CH2、-(CH2) m CH=CH2(CH2) t CH3, -CH2C≡CH, -(CH2) m C≡CH、-(CH2) m C≡C(CH2) t CH3, -(CH2) n CH3, -O(CH2) v CH3, -(CH2) n CH2N3、-(CH2CH2O) n CH3、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m N3、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH, -((CH2) n O) m ((CH2) p O) q (CH2) r OH, -(CH2CH2O) n H、-(CH2) n OH, -(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH, -(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) n OH, -(CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH、-((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2) m OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH, -((CH2)1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) m OH、-(CH2C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH2) p OH、-(CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH(CH3)) p OH, -((CH2) n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2) m OH, -(CH2) n NHC(O)(CH2) m OH, -(CH2) n C(O)NH(CH2) m OH, alkyl, azide, thiol, monohydric alcohol, polyhydric alcohol, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 Aryl; vitamins, small molecule drugs, nucleic acids, peptides, proteins, polymers, styrene, (meth)acrylates, ethenylimidazolium, ethenylpyridine, acrylamide group, maleimide group, auxiliary group, monosaccharide, disaccharide, oligo / polysaccharide, folic acid, aptamer, cholesterol, lipid, or targeting ligand;

[0080] R6 is selected from -OH, -SH, -NH2, -OCH3, -OCH2CH3, -CH3, -CH2CH=CH2, and -(CH2). m CH=CH2、-(CH2) m CH=CH2(CH2) t CH3, -CH2C≡CH, -(CH2) m C≡CH、-(CH2) m C≡C(CH2) t CH3, -(CH2) n CH3, -O(CH2) v CH3, -(CH2) n CH2N3、-(CH2CH2O) n CH3、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m N3、-(CH2CH2O) n(CH2) m OH, -((CH2) n O) m ((CH2) p O) q (CH2) r OH, -(CH2CH2O) n H、-(CH2) n OH, -(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH, -(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) n OH, -(CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH、-((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2) m OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) m OH、-(CH2C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH2) p OH、-(CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH(CH3)) p OH, -((CH2) n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2) m OH, -(CH2) n NHC(O)(CH2) m OH, -(CH2) n C(O)NH(CH2) m OH, alkyl, azide, thiol, monohydric alcohol, polyhydric alcohol, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 Aryl; vitamins, small molecule drugs, nucleic acids, peptides, proteins, polymers, styrene, (meth)acrylates, ethenylimidazolium, ethenylpyridine, acrylamide group, maleimide group, auxiliary group, monosaccharide, disaccharide, oligo / polysaccharide, folic acid, aptamer, cholesterol, lipid, or targeting ligand;

[0081] Polymers include polyesters, polyethers, polyamides, polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, polylactic acid, poly(lactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer), poly(meth)acrylates, poly(meth)acrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol imidazole, polyvinyl alcohol pyridine, poly(meth)acrylates, polystyrene, polyesters and polyethers;

[0082] m, n, o, p, q, r, t, u, v, w, x, y, z are integers selected from 1 to 1000.

[0083] More preferably, the molecular structure of the polypropyleneimine derivative is shown in the following formula:

[0084] Wherein, R1 is consistent with the above-mentioned limitation on R1;

[0085] R2 is selected from –H, –CH3, and –(CH2). n CH3, –CH2CH2OH, –CH2CH2CH2OH, –(CH2CH2O) n CH3、–(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3、–(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH, –((CH2) n O) m ((CH2) p O) q (CH2) r OH, –(CH2CH2O) n H、–(CH2) n OH, –(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH, –(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) n OH, –(CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH、-((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2) m OH, –((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH, –((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) mOH、–(CH2C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH2) p OH、–(CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH(CH3)) p OH, –((CH2) n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n NHC(O)(CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n C(O)NH(CH2) m OH, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 Aryl, acyl, alkyl, olefinic, alkyneic, aromatic, fluorinated alkyl, fluorinated olefinic, fluorinated alkyneic, fluorinated aromatic, polypeptide, protein, monosaccharide, disaccharide, oligo / polysaccharide, folic acid, cholesterol, lipid, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 One or more of the following: aryl, pentafluorophenyl, succinimide, lipids, targeting ligands, peptides, proteins, polymers, and targeting ligands;

[0086] R3 is selected from -CH2CH2- and -(CH2). u -, alkyl, olefinic, alkynyl, phenyl, -CH2CH2-SS-CH2CH2-, -CH2(CH2) s -SS-(CH2) s CH2-, one or more of the polymers;

[0087] R4 is selected from -OH, -SH, -NH2, -OCH3, -OCH2CH3, -CH3, -CH2CH=CH2, and -(CH2). m CH=CH2、-(CH2) m CH=CH2(CH2) t CH3, -CH2C≡CH, -(CH2) m C≡CH、-(CH2) m C≡C(CH2) t CH3, -(CH2) n CH3, -O(CH2) v CH3, -(CH2) n CH2N3、-(CH2CH2O) nCH3、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m N3、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH, -((CH2) n O) m ((CH2) p O) q (CH2) r OH, -(CH2CH2O) n H、-(CH2) n OH, -(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH, -(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) n OH, -(CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH、-((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2) m OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) m OH、-(CH2C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH2) p OH、-(CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH(CH3)) p OH, -((CH2) n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2) m OH, -(CH2) n NHC(O)(CH2) m OH, -(CH2) n C(O)NH(CH2) m OH, alkyl, azide, thiol, monohydric alcohol, polyhydric alcohol, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C6-10 Aryl; vitamins, small molecule drugs, nucleic acids, peptides, proteins, polymers, styrene, (meth)acrylates, ethenylimidazolium, ethenylpyridine, acrylamide group, maleimide group, auxiliary group, monosaccharide, disaccharide, oligo / polysaccharide, folic acid, aptamer, cholesterol, lipid, or targeting ligand;

[0088] R5 is selected from -OH, -SH, -NH2, -OCH3, -OCH2CH3, -CH3, -CH2CH=CH2, and -(CH2). m CH=CH2、-(CH2) m CH=CH2(CH2) t CH3, -CH2C≡CH, -(CH2) m C≡CH、-(CH2) m C≡C(CH2) t CH3, -(CH2) n CH3, -O(CH2) v CH3, -(CH2) n CH2N3、-(CH2CH2O) n CH3、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m N3、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH, -((CH2) n O) m ((CH2) p O) q (CH2) r OH, -(CH2CH2O) n H、-(CH2) n OH, -(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH, -(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) n OH, -(CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH、-((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2) m OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH, -((CH2) 1-8C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) m OH、-(CH2C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH2) p OH、-(CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH(CH3)) p OH, -((CH2) n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2) m OH, -(CH2) n NHC(O)(CH2) m OH, -(CH2) n C(O)NH(CH2) m OH, alkyl, azide, thiol, monohydric alcohol, polyhydric alcohol, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 Aryl; vitamins, small molecule drugs, nucleic acids, peptides, proteins, polymers, styrene, (meth)acrylates, ethenylimidazolium, ethenylpyridine, acrylamide group, maleimide group, auxiliary group, monosaccharide, disaccharide, oligo / polysaccharide, folic acid, aptamer, cholesterol, lipid, or targeting ligand;

[0089] Polymers include polyesters, polyethers, polyamides, polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, polylactic acid, poly(lactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer), poly(meth)acrylates, poly(meth)acrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol imidazole, polyvinyl alcohol pyridine, poly(meth)acrylates, polystyrene, polyesters and polyethers;

[0090] m, n, o, p, q, r, t, u, v, w, x, y are integers selected from 1 to 1000.

[0091] More preferably, the molecular structure of the polypropyleneimine derivative is shown in the following formula:

[0092] Wherein, R1 is selected from alkyl, olefinic, alkynyl, azide, and -(CH2CH2O). n CH3、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3, 、 -(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH, -((CH2) nO) m ((CH2) p O) q (CH2) r OH, -(CH2CH2O) n H、-(CH2) n OH, -(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH, -(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) n OH, -(CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH、-((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2) m OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) m OH、-(CH2C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH2) p OH、-(CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH(CH3)) p OH, –((CH2) n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n NHC(O)(CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n C(O)NH(CH2) m OH, aromatic group, fluorinated alkyl group, fluorinated olefin group, fluorinated alkyne group, fluorinated aromatic group, thiol, monohydric alcohol, polyhydric alcohol, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10Aryl; cholesterol, vitamins, small molecule drugs, nucleic acids, peptides, proteins, polymers, styrene, (meth)acrylates, ethenyl imidazole, ethenyl pyridine, acrylamide group, maleimide group, auxiliary group, folic acid, aptamer, cholesterol, liposomes, lipids, organic acids, aromatic compounds, targeting ligands, peptides, monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, glycosides, alkanes, alkene-containing compounds, alkyne-containing compounds, thiol-containing compounds, amine-containing compounds, or one of the functional groups or targeting ligands used for coupling with other compounds;

[0093] R2 is selected from -(CH2). m -、-(CH2) n O(CH2) o -、-(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) p -, -CH2CH2(OCH2CH2) r - One or more of alkyl, olefin, alkynyl, aromatic, fluorinated alkyl, fluorinated olefin, fluorinated alkynyl, and fluorinated aromatic groups;

[0094] R3 is selected from one of -O-, -NH-, and -S-;

[0095] R4 is selected from –H, –CH3, and –(CH2). n CH3, –CH2CH2OH, –CH2CH2CH2OH, –(CH2CH2O) n CH3、–(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3、–(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH, –((CH2) n O) m ((CH2) p O) q (CH2) r OH, –(CH2CH2O) n H、–(CH2) n OH, –(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH, –(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) n OH, – (CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH、-((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2) m OH, –((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O) m(OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH, –((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) m OH、–(CH2C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH2) p OH、–(CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH(CH3)) p OH, –((CH2) n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n NHC(O)(CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n C(O)NH(CH2) m OH, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 Aryl, acyl, alkyl, olefinic, alkyneic, aromatic, fluorinated alkyl, fluorinated olefinic, fluorinated alkyneic, fluorinated aromatic, polypeptide, protein, monosaccharide, disaccharide, oligo / polysaccharide, folic acid, cholesterol, lipid, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 One or more of the following: aryl, pentafluorophenyl, succinimide, lipids, targeting ligands, peptides, proteins, polymers, and targeting ligands;

[0096] R5 is selected from CH3- or (CH2). r CH3, one or more of alkenes, alkynes or aromatic hydrocarbons;

[0097] R6 is selected from -H, -CH3, and -(CH2). s CH3, one or more of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, alcohols, polyols, polyethers, polyesters or polyamides;

[0098] R7 is selected from -OH, -SH, -NH2, -OCH3, -OCH2CH3, -CH3, -CH2CH=CH2, and -(CH2). m CH=CH2、-(CH2) m CH=CH2(CH2) t CH3, -CH2C≡CH, -(CH2) mC≡CH、-(CH2) m C≡C(CH2) t CH3、-(CH2) n CH3、-O(CH2) v CH3、-(CH2) n CH2N3、-(CH2CH2O) n CH3、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m N3、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH、-((CH2) n Oh) m ((CH2) p Oh) q (CH2) r OH、-(CH2CH2O) n H、-(CH2) n OH、-(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH、-(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) n OH、-(CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH、-((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2) m OH、-((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH、-((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) m OH、-(CH2C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH2) p OH、-(CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH(CH3)) p OH、-((CH2) n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2) m OH、-(CH2)n NHC(O)(CH2) m OH, -(CH2) n C(O)NH(CH2) m OH, alkyl, azide, thiol, monohydric alcohol, polyhydric alcohol, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 Aryl; vitamins, small molecule drugs, nucleic acids, peptides, proteins, polymers, styrene, (meth)acrylates, ethenylimidazolium, ethenylpyridine, acrylamide group, maleimide group, auxiliary group, monosaccharide, disaccharide, oligo / polysaccharide, folic acid, aptamer, cholesterol, lipid, or targeting ligand;

[0099] Polymers include polyesters, polyethers, polyamides, polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, polylactic acid, poly(lactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer), poly(meth)acrylates, poly(meth)acrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol imidazole, polyvinyl alcohol pyridine, poly(meth)acrylates, polystyrene, polyesters and polyethers;

[0100] m is selected from integers from 1 to 10000, n and o are selected from integers from 0 to 10000, and i, j, k, l, p, q, r, s, t, u, and v are selected from integers from 1 to 100.

[0101] More preferably, the molecular structure of the polypropyleneimine derivative is shown in the following formula:

[0102] Wherein, R1 is selected from alkyl, olefinic, alkynyl, azide, and -(CH2CH2O). n CH3、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3、、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH, -((CH2) n O) m ((CH2) p O) q (CH2) r OH, -(CH2CH2O) n H、-(CH2) n OH, -(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH, -(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) n OH, -(CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH、-((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2)m OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) m OH、-(CH2C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH2) p OH、-(CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH(CH3)) p OH, –((CH2) n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n NHC(O)(CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n C(O)NH(CH2) m OH, aromatic group, fluorinated alkyl group, fluorinated olefin group, fluorinated alkyne group, fluorinated aromatic group, thiol, monohydric alcohol, polyhydric alcohol, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 Aryl; cholesterol, vitamins, small molecule drugs, nucleic acids, peptides, proteins, polymers, styrene, (meth)acrylates, ethenyl imidazole, ethenyl pyridine, acrylamide group, maleimide group, auxiliary group, folic acid, aptamer, cholesterol, liposomes, lipids, organic acids, aromatic compounds, targeting ligands, peptides, monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, glycosides, alkanes, alkene-containing compounds, alkyne-containing compounds, thiol-containing compounds, amine-containing compounds, or one of the functional groups or targeting ligands used for coupling with other compounds;

[0103] R2 is selected from -(CH2). m -、-(CH2) n O(CH2) o -、-(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) p -, -CH2CH2(OCH2CH2) r - One or more of alkyl, olefin, alkynyl, aromatic, fluorinated alkyl, fluorinated olefin, fluorinated alkynyl, and fluorinated aromatic groups;

[0104] R3 is selected from –H, –CH3, –(CH2) n CH3, –CH2CH2OH, –CH2CH2CH2OH, –(CH2CH2O) n CH3, –(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3, –(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH, –((CH2) n O) m ((CH2) p O) q (CH2) r OH, –(CH2CH2O) n H, –(CH2) n OH, –(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH, –(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) n OH, –(CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2) m OH, –((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH, –((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) m OH, –(CH2C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH2) p OH, –(CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH(CH³)) p OH, –((CH2) n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n NHC(O)(CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n C(O)NH(CH2) m OH, C 1-n Note: There seems to be a typo in the original text where "CH³" should probably be "CH(CH3)". I've corrected it in the translation for better readability.olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 Aryl, acyl, alkyl, olefinic, alkyneic, aromatic, fluorinated alkyl, fluorinated olefinic, fluorinated alkyneic, fluorinated aromatic, polypeptide, protein, monosaccharide, disaccharide, oligo / polysaccharide, folic acid, cholesterol, lipid, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 One or more of the following: aryl, pentafluorophenyl, succinimide, lipids, targeting ligands, peptides, proteins, polymers, and targeting ligands;

[0105] R4 is selected from -CH3 and -(CH2). q CH3, one or more of alkenes, alkynes or aromatic hydrocarbons;

[0106] R5 is selected from -(CH2). m -、-(CH2) n O(CH2) o -、-(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) p -, -CH2CH2(OCH2CH2) r - One or more of alkyl, olefin, alkynyl, aromatic, fluorinated alkyl, fluorinated olefin, fluorinated alkynyl, and fluorinated aromatic groups;

[0107] R6 is selected from –H, –CH3, and –(CH2). n CH3, –CH2CH2OH, –CH2CH2CH2OH, –(CH2CH2O) n CH3、–(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3、–(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH, –((CH2) n O) m ((CH2) p O) q (CH2) r OH, –(CH2CH2O) n H、–(CH2) n OH, –(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH, –(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) n OH, –(CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH、-((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2) m OH, –((CH2) 1-8C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH, –((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) m OH、–(CH2C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH2) p OH、–(CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH(CH3)) p OH, –((CH2) n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n NHC(O)(CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n C(O)NH(CH2) m OH, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 Aryl, acyl, alkyl, olefinic, alkyneic, aromatic, fluorinated alkyl, fluorinated olefinic, fluorinated alkyneic, fluorinated aromatic, polypeptide, protein, monosaccharide, disaccharide, oligo / polysaccharide, folic acid, cholesterol, lipid, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 One or more of the following: aryl, pentafluorophenyl, succinimide, lipids, targeting ligands, peptides, proteins, polymers, and targeting ligands;

[0108] R7 is selected from -OH, -SH, -NH2, -OCH3, -OCH2CH3, -CH3, -CH2CH=CH2, and -(CH2). m CH=CH2、-(CH2) m CH=CH2(CH2) t CH3, -CH2C≡CH, -(CH2) m C≡CH、-(CH2) m C≡C(CH2) t CH3, -(CH2) n CH3, -O(CH2) v CH3, -(CH2) nCH2N3、-(CH2CH2O) n CH3、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m N3、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH, -((CH2) n O) m ((CH2) p O) q (CH2) r OH, -(CH2CH2O) n H、-(CH2) n OH, -(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH, -(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) n OH, -(CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH、-((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2) m OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) m OH、-(CH2C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH2) p OH、-(CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH(CH3)) p OH, -((CH2) n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2) m OH, -(CH2) n NHC(O)(CH2) m OH, -(CH2) n C(O)NH(CH2) m OH, alkyl, azide, thiol, monohydric alcohol, polyhydric alcohol, C 1-nolefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 Aryl; vitamins, small molecule drugs, nucleic acids, peptides, proteins, polymers, styrene, (meth)acrylates, ethenylimidazolium, ethenylpyridine, acrylamide group, maleimide group, auxiliary group, monosaccharide, disaccharide, oligo / polysaccharide, folic acid, aptamer, cholesterol, lipid, or targeting ligand;

[0109] Alkyl groups include -CH3 and -(CH2). u CH3, olefinic groups include -CH2CH=CH2 and -(CH2) m CH=CH2、-(CH2) m CH=CH2(CH2) t CH3, alkynyl groups include -CH2C≡CH, -(CH2) m C≡CH、-(CH2) m C≡C(CH2) t CH3, azides include -(CH2) n CH2N3、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m N3, polymers include polyester, polyether, polyamide, polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, polylactic acid, poly(lactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer), poly(meth)acrylate, poly(meth)acrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol imidazole, polyvinyl alcohol pyridine, poly(meth)acrylate, polystyrene, polyester and polyether.

[0110] m, n, o are selected from 0-10000; i, j, k, l, p, q, r, s, t, u, v, w are selected from 1-100.

[0111] More preferably, the molecular structure of the polypropyleneimine derivative is shown in the following formula:

[0112] Wherein, R1 is consistent with the above-mentioned limitation on R1;

[0113] R2 is selected from -OH, -OCH3, -OC(CH3)3, and -O(CH2). m CH3, -O(CH2) n O(CH2) o CH3、-O(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) p CH3、-OCH2CH2(OCH2CH2) vOCH3 or other groups, wherein the other groups refer to molecules that are linked to polypropyleneimine derivatives via ester bonds, amide bonds or acid anhydride bonds, including but not limited to one or more of polyethylene glycol, tert-butanol, methanol, ethanol, cell adhesion molecules, RGD peptides, folic acid, galactose, galactose derivatives or cholesterol.

[0114] R3 is selected from –H, –CH3, and –(CH2). n CH3, –CH2CH2OH, –CH2CH2CH2OH, –(CH2CH2O) n CH3、–(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3、–(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH, –((CH2) n O) m ((CH2) p O) q (CH2) r OH, –(CH2CH2O) n H、–(CH2) n OH, –(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH, –(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) n OH, –(CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH、–-((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2) m OH, –((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH, –((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) m OH、–(CH2C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH2) p OH、–(CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH(CH3)) p OH, –((CH2) n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2)m OH, –(CH2) n NHC(O)(CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n C(O)NH(CH2) m OH, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 Aryl, cyano-containing groups, alcohols, thiols, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aromatic, fluorinated alkyl, fluorinated alkenyl, fluorinated alkynyl, fluorinated aromatic, polypeptides, proteins, monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides / polysaccharides, folic acid, aptamers, cholesterol, lipids, and targeting ligands, or combinations thereof.

[0115] R4 - Selected from organic or inorganic anions;

[0116] m, n, o, p, v, s, t, u, w, x are selected from 1-10000.

[0117] More preferably, the molecular structure of the polypropyleneimine derivative is shown in the following formula:

[0118] Wherein, R1 is consistent with the above-mentioned limitation on R1;

[0119] R2 is selected from –H, –CH3, and –(CH2). n CH3, –CH2CH2OH, –CH2CH2CH2OH, –(CH2CH2O) n CH3、–(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3、–(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH, –((CH2) n O) m ((CH2) p O) q (CH2) r OH, –(CH2CH2O) n H、–(CH2) n OH, –(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH, –(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) n OH, –(CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH、–-((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2) m OH, –((CH2) 1-8C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH, –((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) m OH、–(CH2C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH2) p OH、– (CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH(CH3)) p OH, –((CH2) n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n NHC(O)(CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n C(O)NH(CH2) m OH, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 Aryl, cyano-containing groups, alcohols, thiols, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aromatic, fluorinated alkyl, fluorinated alkenyl, fluorinated alkynyl, fluorinated aromatic, polypeptides, proteins, monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides / polysaccharides, folic acid, aptamers, cholesterol, lipids, and targeting ligands, or combinations thereof.

[0120] m, n, o, p, v, s, t, u, w, x are independent integers selected from 1 to 10000.

[0121] More preferably, the molecular structure of the polypropyleneimine derivative is selected from one or more of the structures shown in the following formulas:

[0122] More preferably, the molecular structure of the polypropyleneimine derivative is selected from one or more of the structures shown in the following formulas:

[0123] Where A – It is anion B + It is a cation.

[0124] More preferably, the molecular structure of the polypropyleneimine derivative is selected from one or more of the structures shown in the following formulas:

[0125] Where R is the linker molecule used to couple proteins, and n is 1-100000.

[0126] More preferably, the molecular structure of the polypropyleneimine derivative is selected from one or more of the structures shown in the following formulas:

[0127] Where n is 1-100000.

[0128] More preferably, the molecular structure of the polypropyleneimine derivative is selected from one or more of the structures shown in the following formulas:

[0129] Where n is 1-100000.

[0130] More preferably, the molecular structure of the polypropyleneimine derivative is selected from one or more of the structures shown in the following formulas:

[0131] Among them, m, n, x, and y are independently selected from 1 to 100000.

[0132] More preferably, the molecular structure of the polypropyleneimine derivative is selected from one or more of the structures shown in the following formulas:

[0133] Where n is 1-100000.

[0134] The present invention further provides a method for preparing the polypropylene imine derivative, wherein the monomer of the oxazine derivative is polymerized by initiating an initiator, and then the side chain of the polymer is removed to obtain polypropylene imine. An acrylate is selected to react with the polypropylene imine to obtain a zwitterionic precursor polymer, and finally the precursor polymer is hydrolyzed to obtain the polypropylene imine zwitterionic derivative.

[0135] Furthermore, the preparation method of the polypropyleneimine derivative includes the following steps:

[0136] 1) Reaction of polypropyleneimine with acrylate derivatives yields N-alkylated polypropyleneimine derivatives;

[0137] 2) Under alkaline catalysis, N-alkylated polypropyleneimine derivatives are reacted with diethylene sulfone to obtain polypropyleneimine with zwitterionic precursors;

[0138] 3) Hydrolyze the zwitterionic precursor polypropyleneimine to form zwitterionic polypropyleneimine, i.e., the polypropyleneimine derivative.

[0139] The structure of polypropyleneimine is shown below:

[0140] The structure of the acrylate derivative is shown below.

[0141] The structure of the N-alkylated polypropyleneimine derivative is shown below:

[0142] The structure of the divinyl sulfone is shown below:

[0143] The structure of the zwitterionic precursor polypropyleneimine is shown below:

[0144] The structure of the zwitterionic polypropyleneimine is shown below:

[0145] Where n is an integer from 1 to 100000; R is CH3-, CH3CH2-, or CH3(OCH2CH2). m - where m is an integer from 1 to 1000;

[0146] Amphoteric polymers contain paired cations and anions in their repeating units, making the polymer electrically neutral overall. Due to the presence of zwitterionic groups, a dense hydration layer forms on the polymer surface, thereby giving the polymer resistance to non-specific protein adsorption.

[0147] The present invention further provides the application of the polypropyleneimine derivative in the preparation of pharmaceutical formulations, drug carriers or biomaterials.

[0148] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0149] The polypropylene imine derivative provided by this invention can resist the adsorption of biomacromolecules, has good water solubility and biocompatibility, and can significantly increase the stability of nanomedicine delivery carriers, prodrugs, and proteins / peptides in the blood, reduce renal clearance and immune response, and reduce rejection reactions of implanted medical devices.

[0150] The polypropylene imine derivative provided by this invention contains zwitterionic groups in each repeating unit. The zwitterionic groups endow the polymer with good hydrophilicity and resistance to non-specific protein adsorption. The polymer is not immunogenic and will not be captured by immune cells. It can be used as a drug carrier and gene carrier and has good cyclic stability. Attached Figure Description

[0151] Figure 1 is a synthetic route diagram of poly(3-((2-hydroxyethyl)methylamino)propionate) (PEAP) in Example 1;

[0152] Figure 2 shows the 1H NMR spectrum of poly(3-((2-hydroxyethyl)methylamino)propionate) (PEAP) in Example 1;

[0153] Figure 3 shows the 1H NMR spectrum of poly(3-((2-hydroxyethyl)(methyl)amino)propionate)ethyl ethylene sulfone (PEAPVS) in Example 2;

[0154] Figure 4 shows the synthetic routes of hydroxyl-terminated poly(2-methyl-2-oxazine) (PMeOZI-OH) in Example 3, polypropyleneimine (PPI-OH) in Example 4, and polycarboxybetaine-hydroxyl (PCB-OH) in Example 5.

[0155] Figure 5 shows the 1H NMR spectrum of polypropyleneimine (PPI-OH) in Example 4;

[0156] Figure 6 shows the 1H NMR spectrum of polycarboxybetaine-hydroxyl (PCB-OH) in Example 5;

[0157] Figure 7 is a synthetic route diagram of dihydroxy-terminated polycarboxylic acid betaine (HO-PCB-OH) in Example 6;

[0158] Figure 8 shows the 1H NMR spectra of dihydroxy-terminated poly(2-methyl-2-oxazine) (HO-PMeOZI-OH) in Example 6, dihydroxy-terminated polypropyleneimine (HO-PPI-OH) in Example 7, and dihydroxy-terminated polycarboxybetaine (HO-PCB-OH) in Example 8.

[0159] Figure 9 shows the stability test results of LNP prepared using Chol-PCB-OH as raw material in Example 10. Detailed Implementation

[0160] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0161] Example 1

[0162] Synthesis of poly(3-((2-hydroxyethyl)methylamino)propionate) (PEAP)

[0163] Polyethyleneimine (Mn = 5000, PDI ≤ 1.3) (1 g, 0.2 mmol) was dissolved in 50 mL of ethanol. Then, methyl acrylate (10 g, 0.12 mol) was added dropwise. The resulting solution was stirred for 2 days at room temperature. Unreacted methyl acrylate and ethanol were removed under reduced pressure to give yellow PEAP in 83% yield. 1 H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3, ppm): 3.65 (s, 3H), 2.78 (t, 2H), 2.5 (s, 4H), 2.43 (t, 2H).

[0164] The synthetic route of poly(3-((2-hydroxyethyl)methylamino)propionate (PEAP) in this embodiment is shown in Figure 1. The proton NMR spectrum of poly(3-((2-hydroxyethyl)methylamino)propionate (PEAP) is shown in Figure 2. The successful synthesis of the final product poly(3-((2-hydroxyethyl)methylamino)propionate (PEAP) can be confirmed from the peak assignment and the ratio of the integrated area of ​​the NMR spectrum.

[0165] Example 2

[0166] Synthesis of poly(3-((2-hydroxyethyl)(methyl)amino)propionate methyl ester) ethyl ethylene sulfone (PEAPVS)

[0167] PEAP (2.7 g, 0.18 mmol) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (2.2 mg, 0.018 mmol) were dissolved in 25 mL of acetonitrile. Then, diethyl sulfone (0.08 g, 0.72 mmol) was added. The resulting solution was stirred for 2 days at room temperature. After the reaction, the acetonitrile was removed under reduced pressure, and the product PEAPVS precipitated in a solution of ethyl acetate and hexane (2:5). 1 H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3, ppm): 6.57 (m, 1H), 6.40 (d, 1H), 6.11 (d, 1H), 3.63 (s, 3H), 2.74 (t, 2H), 2.47 (s, 4H), 2.41 (t, 2H).

[0168] The synthetic route of poly(3-((2-hydroxyethyl)(methyl)amino)propionate)ethyl vinyl sulfone (PEAPVS) in this embodiment is shown in Figure 3, and the proton NMR spectrum of poly(3-((2-hydroxyethyl)(methyl)amino)propionate)ethyl vinyl sulfone (PEAPVS) is shown in Figure 4. The peak assignment and the ratio of the integrated area of ​​the NMR spectrum indicate that the final product was successfully synthesized, and the vinyl sulfone group was successfully modified to the chain end of the polymer.

[0169] Example 3

[0170] Synthesis of hydroxyl-terminated poly(2-methyl-2-oxazine) (PMeOZI-OH)

[0171] 2-Methyloxazine (50 mmol, 4.7 mL), methyl p-toluenesulfonate (0.5 mmol, 75.4 μL), and acetonitrile (7.7 mL) were mixed in a 20 mL microwave-safe vial. The solution was polymerized in a microwave reactor at 140 °C for 50 min. Afterward, polymerization was terminated by adding a solution of 1.0 M potassium hydroxide in methanol (0.25 mL) at 0 °C and stirring overnight at room temperature. The solvent was evaporated, and the solid was dissolved in chloroform. The polymer product was purified three times by precipitation in cold n-hexane, followed by drying under vacuum overnight to give a viscous yellow solid, PMeOZI-OH.

[0172] Example 4

[0173] Synthesis of polypropyleneimine (PPI-OH)

[0174] PMeOZI-OH (22.67 mmol, 2.247 g) was dissolved in hot water, and the solvent was heated to reflux. 37% hydrochloric acid was added to the mixture, and the mixture was stirred for 36 h. The solvent was then removed by rotary evaporation. The remaining solid was dissolved in hot water, and the pH was adjusted to 9-10 using sodium hydroxide solution. The solid was collected by three centrifugations and then dried under vacuum overnight to give a pale yellow solid of PPI-OH. 1 H NMR (600MHz, Methanol-d4): 2.64 (t, 4H), 1.73 (p, 2H).

[0175] The 1H NMR spectrum of polypropyleneimine (PPI-OH) in this embodiment is shown in Figure 5. The triplet b at 2.6 ppm is the peak of the methylene group connected to the nitrogen atom in the repeating unit, and the quintet a at 1.7 ppm is the peak of the methylene group not connected to the nitrogen atom in the repeating unit. The ratio of the integral area of ​​peak b to peak a is 2:1, which proves the successful synthesis of the PPI-OH structure.

[0176] Example 5

[0177] Synthesis of polycarboxybetaine-hydroxyl group (PCB-OH)

[0178] PPI-OH (0.40 g, 7.0 mmol) and tert-butyl acrylate (1.79 g, 14.0 mmol) were dissolved in methanol and stirred at 35 °C for 12 h. The solution was washed three times with 5 volumes of n-hexane. The solvent was evaporated and then dried under vacuum overnight to obtain PPI-tBA. PPI-tBA (0.07 mmol, 0.2 g) was dissolved in 5 mL of chloroform and 3 mL of trifluoroacetic acid and stirred for 12 h. The solid was precipitated three times in diethyl ether and then dried under vacuum overnight to finally obtain a pale yellow solid, PCB-OH. 1H NMR (600MHz, Deuterium Oxide): 3.12 (t, 2H), 2.94 (t, 4H), 2.41 (t, 2H), 1.93 (p, 2H).

[0179] The synthetic route of polycarboxybetaine-hydroxyl (PCB-OH) in this embodiment is shown in Figure 4. The 1H NMR spectrum of polycarboxybetaine-hydroxyl (PCB-OH) is shown in Figure 6. In Figure 6, peaks a and b are assigned to hydrogen atoms in the main chain of the repeating unit, and peaks c and d are assigned to hydrogen atoms in the side chain of the repeating unit. The successful synthesis of PCB-OH can be confirmed from the NMR peak assignments and the integrated area ratio.

[0180] Example 6

[0181] Synthesis of dihydroxy-terminated poly(2-methyl-2-oxazine) (HO-PMeOZI-OH)

[0182] 2-Methyl-2-oxazine (81.0 mmol, 8.00 g), (E)-1,4-dibromobutyl-2-ene (1.61 mmol, 0.35 g), and acetonitrile (12.4 mL) were dissolved in a 32 mL microwave-safe vial. The solution was polymerized in a microwave reactor at 140 °C for 50 min. After this time, the polymerization was terminated by adding a solution of 1.0 M potassium hydroxide in methanol (16 mL) at 0 °C, and the mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. The solvent was evaporated, and the solid was dissolved in chloroform. The polymer product was purified three times by precipitation in cold n-hexane, followed by drying under vacuum overnight to give a viscous yellow solid HO-PMeOZI-OH.

[0183] The 1H NMR spectrum of the dihydroxy-terminated poly(2-methyl-2-oxazine) (HO-PMeOZI-OH) obtained in this example is shown in Figure 8.

[0184] Example 7

[0185] Synthesis of dihydroxy-terminated polypropyleneimine (HO-PPI-OH)

[0186] HO-PMeOZI-OH (0.7 mmol, 3.5 g) was dissolved in hot water and the solvent was heated to reflux. 37% hydrochloric acid was added to the mixture and the mixture was stirred for 48 h. The remaining solid was dissolved in hot water and the pH was adjusted to 9-10 using sodium hydroxide solution. The solid was collected by three centrifugations and then dried overnight under vacuum to obtain a pale yellow solid, HO-PPI-OH. The 1H NMR spectrum of the dihydroxy-terminated polypropyleneimide (HO-PPI-OH) obtained in this example is shown in Figure 8. 1 H NMR (600MHz, Methanol-d4): 2.64 (t, 4H), 1.73 (p, 2H).

[0187] Example 8

[0188] Synthesis of dihydroxy-terminated polycarboxylic acid betaine (HO-PCB-OH)

[0189] The synthetic route of HO-PCB-OH is shown in Figure 7. HO-PPI-OH (0.65 g, 0.21 mmol) and tert-butyl acrylate (2.85 g, 20.0 mmol) were dissolved in methanol, and the mixture was stirred at 35 °C for 24 h. The solution was washed three times with five volumes of n-hexane. The solvent was evaporated and then dried overnight under vacuum to obtain PPI-tBA. PPI-tBA (0.7 mmol, 2.0 g) was dissolved in 20 mL of dichloromethane and 20 mL of trifluoroacetic acid, and stirred for 12 h. The solid was precipitated three times in diethyl ether and then dried overnight under vacuum to finally obtain the yellow solid HO-PCB-OH. The 1H NMR spectrum of the dihydroxy-terminated polycarboxylated betaine (HO-PCB-OH) in Example 6 is shown in Figure 8, section 4. The successful synthesis of the final product, dihydroxy-terminated polycarboxylated betaine (HO-PCB-OH), can be confirmed from the peak assignments and integrated area ratios of the NMR spectrum.

[0190] Example 9

[0191] Synthesis of cholesterol-polycarboxylate betaine-hydroxyl group (Chol-PCB-OH)

[0192] 2-Methyloxazine (50 mmol, 4.7 mL), p-toluenesulfonate cholesterol ester (0.5 mmol, 0.270 g), and acetonitrile (7.7 mL) were mixed in a 20 mL microwave-safe vial. The solution was polymerized in a microwave reactor at 140 °C for 50 min. Afterward, polymerization was terminated by adding a solution of 1.0 M potassium hydroxide in methanol (0.25 mL) at 0 °C and stirring overnight at room temperature. The solvent was evaporated and the solid was dissolved in chloroform. The polymer product was purified three times by precipitation in cold n-hexane, followed by drying under vacuum overnight to give a viscous yellow solid, Chol-PMeOZI-OH. Chol-PMeOZI-OH (22.67 mmol, 2.247 g) was dissolved in hot water, the solvent was heated to reflux, 37% hydrochloric acid was added to the mixture, and the mixture was stirred for 36 h. The solvent was removed by rotary evaporation. The residual solid was dissolved in hot water and the pH was adjusted to 9–10 using sodium hydroxide solution. The solid was collected by centrifugation three times and then dried under vacuum overnight to obtain a pale yellow solid, Chol-PPI-OH. Chol-PPI-OH (0.40 g, 7.0 mmol) and tert-butyl acrylate (1.79 g, 14.0 mmol) were dissolved in methanol and stirred at 35 °C for 12 h. The solution was washed three times with 5 volumes of n-hexane. The solvent was evaporated and then dried under vacuum overnight to obtain Chol-PPI-tBA. Chol-PPI-tBA (0.07 mmol, 0.2 g) was dissolved in 5 mL of chloroform and 3 mL of trifluoroacetic acid and stirred for 12 h. The solid was precipitated three times in diethyl ether and then dried under vacuum overnight to obtain a pale yellow solid, Chol-PCB-OH.

[0193] Example 10

[0194] Chol-PPI-CB for the preparation of liposome nanoparticles (LNPs)

[0195] A lipid phase consisting of four components—SM-102, Cholesterol, DSPC, and Chol-PCB-OH—was prepared using a DMSO:ethanol (1:4) mixture. Simultaneously, a working solution for siRNA was prepared using 0.05M pH 5.5 sodium acetate buffer. The lipid phase and siRNA working solution were then rapidly mixed using a syringe at a lipid phase:nucleic acid phase ratio of 1:3 to prepare LNPs. After the prepared LNPs were allowed to stand for 1 hour, they were diluted and then ultrafiltered to achieve a media exchange rate of over 95%. A high-throughput Wyatt light scattering instrument was used to detect changes in LNP particle size and PDI over 48 hours, as shown in Figure 9. The formed LNPs had a particle size of 322.2 nm and a PDI of 0.01, indicating that the introduction of Chol-PCB-OH improved the dispersibility of the LNPs, resulting in an extremely uniform LNP distribution. Furthermore, the LNP particle size remained stable over the 48-hour timeframe, demonstrating that the introduction of Chol-PCB-OH improved the stability of the LNPs.

[0196] The above description of the embodiments is provided to enable those skilled in the art to understand and use the invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made to these embodiments, and the general principles described herein can be applied to other embodiments without inventive effort. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the scope of the invention should be within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A polypropyleneimine derivative, characterized in that, It contains one or more zwitterionic groups, or contains one or more zwitterionic precursor groups, or contains both zwitterionic groups and zwitterionic precursor groups. The zwitterionic precursor group can be converted into a zwitterionic group through hydrolysis, heat, radiation, electricity, oxidation, reduction, acid or alkali treatment. The zwitterionic groups are selected from carboxybetaine, sulfonate betaine, or phosphate betaine. Carboxybetaine refers to a molecular structure containing a carboxylic acid anion and an amino or ammonium cation. Sulfonate betaine refers to a molecular structure containing a sulfonate anion and an amino or ammonium cation. Phosphate betaine refers to a molecular structure containing a phosphate anion and an amino or ammonium cation. The distance between the anions and cations and the molecular structure of carboxybetaine, sulfonate betaine, or phosphate betaine are not limited.

2. The polypropyleneimine derivative according to claim 1, characterized in that, The molecular structure of the polypropyleneimine derivative is shown in the following formula: R1 is selected from ,-(CH2). n O(CH2) o -、-(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) p -, -CH2CH2(OCH2CH2) v - One or more of alkyl, olefinic, alkyneic, aromatic, fluorinated alkyl, fluorinated olefinic, fluorinated alkyneic, or fluorinated aromatic groups, wherein the alkyl group is selected from -CH2-, -CH2CH2-, or -(CH2). m -; R2 is selected from -OH, -OCH3, -O CH2CH3, -OC(CH3)3, and -O(CH2). m CH3, -O(CH2) n O(CH2) o CH3、-O(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) p CH3、-OCH2CH2(OCH2CH2) v OCH3 or other groups, wherein the other groups refer to molecules that are linked to polypropyleneimine derivatives via ester bonds, amide bonds or acid anhydride bonds, including but not limited to one or more of polyethylene glycol, tert-butanol, methanol, ethanol, cell adhesion molecules, RGD peptides, folic acid, galactose, galactose derivatives or cholesterol. Where m, n, o, p, v, and x are independent integers selected from 1 to 1000.

3. The polypropyleneimine derivative according to claim 2, characterized in that, The molecular structure of the polypropyleneimine derivative is shown in the following formula: Wherein R1 is defined in the same way as in claim 2; R2 is selected from -O-, -NH-, or -S-; R3 is selected from –H, –CH2CH2OH, –CH2CH2CH2OH, and –(CH2CH2O). n CH3、–(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3、–(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH, –((CH2) n O) m ((CH2) p O) q (CH2) r OH, –(CH2CH2O) n H、–(CH2) n OH, –(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH, –(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) n OH, –(CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH、-((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2) m OH, –((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH, –((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) m OH、–(CH2C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH2) p OH、–(CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH(CH3)) p OH, –((CH2) n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n NHC(O)(CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n C(O)NH(CH2) m OH, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 Aryl, acyl, alkyl, olefinic, alkyneic, aromatic, fluorinated alkyl, fluorinated olefinic, fluorinated alkyneic, fluorinated aromatic, polypeptide, protein, monosaccharide, disaccharide, oligo / polysaccharide, folic acid, cholesterol, lipid, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 One or more of aryl, pentafluorophenyl, succinimide, lipids, targeting ligands, peptides, proteins, polymers, and targeting ligands, wherein the polymers include polyesters, polyethers, polyamides, polylactic acid, or polycaprolactone; R4 is selected from alkyl, olefinic, alkynyl, azide, and -(CH2CH2O). n CH3、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3、、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH, -((CH2) n O) m ((CH2) p O) q (CH2) r OH, -(CH2CH2O) n H、-(CH2) n OH, -(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH, -(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) n OH, -(CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH、-((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2) m OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) m OH、-(CH2C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH2) p OH、-(CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH(CH3)) p OH, –((CH2) n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n NHC(O)(CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n C(O)NH(CH2) m OH, aromatic group, fluorinated alkyl group, fluorinated olefin group, fluorinated alkyne group, fluorinated aromatic group, thiol, monohydric alcohol, polyhydric alcohol, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 Aryl group; cholesterol, vitamins, small molecule drugs, nucleic acids, peptides, proteins, polymers, styrene, (meth)acrylates, ethylene imidazole, ethylene pyridine, acrylamide group, maleimide group, auxiliary group, folic acid, aptamer, cholesterol, liposomes, lipids, organic acids, aromatic compounds, targeting ligands, peptides, monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, glycosides, alkanes, olefinic compounds, alkyneic compounds, thiol-containing compounds, amine-containing compounds, or functional groups or targeting ligands used for coupling with other compounds; wherein the alkyl group includes -CH3 and -(CH2). u CH3, olefinic groups include -CH2CH=CH2 and -(CH2) m CH=CH2、-(CH2) m CH=CH2(CH2) t CH3, alkynyl groups include -CH2C≡CH, -(CH2) m C≡CH、-(CH2) m C≡C(CH2) t CH3, azides include -(CH2) n CH2N3、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m N3, polymers include polyester, polyether, polyamide, polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, polylactic acid, poly(lactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer), poly(meth)acrylate, poly(meth)acrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol imidazole, polyvinyl alcohol pyridine, poly(meth)acrylate, polystyrene, polyester and polyether. R5 is selected from -OH, -SH, -NH2, -OCH3, -OCH2CH3, -CH3, -CH2CH=CH2, -(CH2) m CH=CH2, -(CH2) m CH=CH2(CH2) t CH3, -CH2C≡CH, -(CH2) m C≡CH, -(CH2) m C≡C(CH2) t CH3, -(CH2) n CH3, -O(CH2) v CH3, -(CH2) n CH2N3, -(CH2CH2O) n CH3, -(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3, -(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m N3, -(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH, -((CH2) n O) m ((CH2) p O) q (CH2) r OH, -(CH2CH2O) n H, -(CH2) n OH, -(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH, -(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) n OH, -(CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2) m OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) m OH, -(CH2C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH2) p OH、-(CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH(CH3)) p OH, -((CH2) n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2) m OH, -(CH2) n NHC(O)(CH2) m OH, -(CH2) n C(O)NH(CH2) m OH, alkyl, azide, thiol, monohydric alcohol, polyhydric alcohol, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 The alkyl group is selected from one of the following: aryl, vitamin, small molecule drug, nucleic acid, peptide, protein, polymer, styrene, (meth)acrylate, ethylene imidazole, ethylene pyridine, acrylamide group, maleimide group, auxiliary group, monosaccharide, disaccharide, oligo / polysaccharide, folic acid, aptamer, cholesterol, lipid, or targeting ligand, wherein the alkyl group is selected from -CH2-, -CH2CH2-, or -(CH2). m - Polymers include polyester, polyether, polyamide, polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, polylactic acid, poly(lactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer), poly(meth)acrylate, poly(meth)acrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol imidazole, polyvinyl alcohol pyridine, or polystyrene. Y and Z are independently selected from organic or inorganic molecules; m, n, o, p, q, r, t, u, v, x are independent integers selected from 1 to 1000.

4. The polypropyleneimine derivative according to claim 2, characterized in that, The molecular structure of the polypropyleneimine derivative is shown in the following formula: Wherein R1 is defined in the same way as in claim 2; R2 is selected from –H, –CH2CH2OH, –CH2CH2CH2OH, –(CH2CH2O). n CH3、–(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3、–(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH, –((CH2) n O) m ((CH2) p O) q (CH2) r OH, –(CH2CH2O) n H、–(CH2) n OH, –(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH, –(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) n OH, –(CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH、–-((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2) m OH, –((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH, –((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) m OH、–(CH2C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH2) p OH、–(CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH(CH3)) p OH, –((CH2) n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n NHC(O)(CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n C(O)NH(CH2) m OH, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 One or more of the following: aryl, cyano-containing groups, alcohols, thiols, alkyl, olefinic, alkyneic, aromatic, fluorinated alkyl, fluorinated olefinic, fluorinated alkyneic, fluorinated aromatic, polypeptides, proteins, monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides / polysaccharides, folic acid, aptamers, cholesterol, lipids, and targeting ligands, wherein the alkyl group is selected from -CH2- or -(CH2). m -; R3 is selected from alkyl, olefinic, alkynyl, azide, and -(CH2CH2O). n CH3、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3、、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH, -((CH2) n O) m ((CH2) p O) q (CH2) r OH, -(CH2CH2O) n H、-(CH2) n OH, -(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH, -(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) n OH, -(CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH、-((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2) m OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) m OH、-(CH2C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH2) p OH、-(CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH(CH3)) p OH, –((CH2) n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n NHC(O)(CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n C(O)NH(CH2) m OH, aromatic group, fluorinated alkyl group, fluorinated olefin group, fluorinated alkyne group, fluorinated aromatic group, thiol, monohydric alcohol, polyhydric alcohol, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 Aryl; cholesterol, vitamins, small molecule drugs, nucleic acids, peptides, proteins, polymers, styrene, (meth)acrylates, ethylene imidazole, ethylene pyridine, acrylamide group, maleimide group, auxiliary group, folic acid, aptamer, cholesterol, liposomes, lipids, organic acids, aromatic compounds, targeting ligands, peptides, monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, glycosides, alkanes, olefinic compounds, alkyneic compounds, thiol-containing compounds, amine-containing compounds, or functional groups or targeting ligands for coupling with other compounds, wherein alkyl groups include -CH3, -(CH2). u CH3, olefinic groups include -CH2CH=CH2 and -(CH2) m CH=CH2、-(CH2) m CH=CH2(CH2) t CH3, alkynyl groups include -CH2C≡CH, -(CH2) m C≡CH、-(CH2) m C≡C(CH2) t CH3, azides including -(CH2) n CH2N3、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m N3, polymers include polyester, polyether, polyamide, polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, polylactic acid, poly(lactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer), poly(meth)acrylate, poly(meth)acrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol imidazole, polyvinyl alcohol pyridine, poly(meth)acrylate, polystyrene, polyester and polyether. R4 is selected from -OH, -SH, -NH2, -OCH3, -OCH2CH3, and -O(CH2). v CH3、-(CH2CH2O) n CH3、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH, -((CH2) n O) m ((CH2) p O) q (CH2) r OH, -(CH2CH2O) n H、-(CH2) n OH, -(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH, -(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) n OH, -(CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH、-((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2) m OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) m OH、-(CH2C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH2) p OH、-(CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH(CH3)) p OH, -((CH2) n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2) m OH, -(CH2) n NHC(O)(CH2) m OH, -(CH2) n C(O)NH(CH2) m OH, alkyl, azide, thiol, monohydric alcohol, polyhydric alcohol, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 One of the following: aryl, vitamin, small molecule drug, nucleic acid, peptide, protein, polymer, styrene, (meth)acrylate, ethylene imidazole, ethylene pyridine, acrylamide group, maleimide group, auxiliary group, monosaccharide, disaccharide, oligo / polysaccharide, folic acid, aptamer, cholesterol, lipid, or targeting ligand, wherein the alkyl group includes -CH3, -(CH2). u CH3, olefinic groups include -CH2CH=CH2 and -(CH2) m CH=CH2、-(CH2) m CH=CH2(CH2) t CH3, alkynyl groups include -CH2C≡CH, -(CH2) m C≡CH、-(CH2) m C≡C(CH2) t CH3, azides including -(CH2) n CH2N3、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m N3, polymers include polyester, polyether, polyamide, polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, polylactic acid, poly(lactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer), poly(meth)acrylate, poly(meth)acrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol imidazole, polyvinyl alcohol pyridine, poly(meth)acrylate, polystyrene, polyester and polyether. m, n, o, p, q, r, t, u, v, x are independent integers selected from 1 to 1000.

5. A polypropyleneimine derivative according to claim 2, characterized in that, The molecular structure of the polypropyleneimine derivative is shown in the following formula: Wherein R1 is defined in the same way as in claim 2; R2 is selected from –H, –CH2CH2OH, –CH2CH2CH2OH, –(CH2CH2O). n CH3、–(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3、–(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH, –((CH2) n O) m ((CH2) p O) q (CH2) r OH, –(CH2CH2O) n H、–(CH2) n OH, –(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH, –(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) n OH, –(CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH、–-((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2) m OH, –((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH, –((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) m OH、–(CH2C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH2) p OH、–(CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH(CH3)) p OH, –((CH2) n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n NHC(O)(CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n C(O)NH(CH2) m OH, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 Aryl, cyano-containing groups, alcohols, thiols, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aromatic, fluorinated alkyl, fluorinated alkenyl, fluorinated alkynyl, fluorinated aromatic, polypeptides, proteins, monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides / polysaccharides, folic acid, aptamers, cholesterol, lipids, and targeting ligands, or combinations thereof. R3 is selected from alkylolefin groups, alkyne groups, azides, and -(CH2CH2O). n CH3、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3、、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH, -((CH2) n O) m ((CH2) p O) q (CH2) r OH, -(CH2CH2O) n H、-(CH2) n OH, -(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH, -(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) n OH, -(CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH、-((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2) m OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) m OH、-(CH2C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH2) p OH、-(CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH(CH3)) p OH, –((CH2) n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n NHC(O)(CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n C(O)NH(CH2) m OH, aromatic group, fluorinated alkyl group, fluorinated olefin group, fluorinated alkyne group, fluorinated aromatic group, thiol, monohydric alcohol, polyhydric alcohol, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 Aryl; cholesterol, vitamins, small molecule drugs, nucleic acids, peptides, proteins, polymers, styrene, (meth)acrylates, ethenyl imidazole, ethenyl pyridine, acrylamide group, maleimide group, auxiliary group, folic acid, aptamer, cholesterol, liposomes, lipids, organic acids, aromatic compounds, targeting ligands, peptides, monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, glycosides, alkanes, alkene-containing compounds, alkyne-containing compounds, thiol-containing compounds, amine-containing compounds, or one of the functional groups or targeting ligands used for coupling with other compounds; R4 is selected from one or more of -O-, -NH-, -S-, -Se-, -CH2-, and -N2-. R5 is selected from -H, -NH2, –CH3, -CH2CH=CH2, -(CH2) m CH=CH2, -(CH2) m CH=CH2(CH2) t CH3, -CH2C≡CH, -(CH2) m C≡CH, -(CH2) m C≡C(CH2) t CH3, –(CH2) n CH3, –(CH2) n CH2N3, –(CH2CH2O) n CH3, –(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3, –(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m N3, –(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH, –((CH2) n O) m ((CH2) p O) q (CH2) r OH, –(CH2CH2O) n H, –(CH2) n OH, –(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH, –(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) n OH, –(CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2) m OH, –((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH, –((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) m OH, –(CH2C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH2) p OH, –(CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH(CH3)) p OH, –((CH2) n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n NHC(O)(CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n C(O)NH(CH2) m OH, C 1-n alkenyl, C 1-n alkynyl group, C 6-10 One or more of the following: aryl, peptide, protein, polymer, vinylimidazolium, vinylpyridine, (meth)acrylate, (meth)acrylamide group, maleimide group, monosaccharide, disaccharide, oligo / polysaccharide, folic acid, aptamer, cholesterol, lipid, and targeting ligand. Alkyl groups include -CH3 and -(CH2). u CH3, olefinic groups include -CH2CH=CH2 and -(CH2) m CH=CH2、-(CH2) m CH=CH2(CH2) t CH3, alkynyl groups include -CH2C≡CH, -(CH2) m C≡CH、-(CH2) m C≡C(CH2) t CH3, azides include -(CH2) n CH2N3、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m N3, polymers include polyester, polyether, polyamide, polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, polylactic acid, poly(lactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer), poly(meth)acrylate, poly(meth)acrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol imidazole, polyvinyl alcohol pyridine, poly(meth)acrylate, polystyrene, polyester and polyether. m, n, o, p, q, r, t, u, v, x are independent integers selected from 1 to 1000.

6. A polypropyleneimine derivative according to claim 2, characterized in that, The molecular structure of the polypropyleneimine derivative is as follows: Wherein R1 is defined in the same way as in claim 2; R2 is selected from –H, –CH2CH2OH, –CH2CH2CH2OH, –(CH2CH2O). n CH3、–(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3、–(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH, –((CH2) n O) m ((CH2) p O) q (CH2) r OH, –(CH2CH2O) n H、–(CH2) n OH, –(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH, –(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) n OH, –(CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH、–-((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2) m OH, –((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH, –((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) m OH、–(CH2C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH2) p OH、–(CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH(CH3)) p OH, –((CH2) n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n NHC(O)(CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n C(O)NH(CH2) m OH, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 Aryl, cyano-containing groups, alcohols, thiols, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aromatic, fluorinated alkyl, fluorinated alkenyl, fluorinated alkynyl, fluorinated aromatic, polypeptides, proteins, monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides / polysaccharides, folic acid, aptamers, cholesterol, lipids, and targeting ligands, or combinations thereof. R3 is selected from alkyl, olefinic, alkynyl azide, and -(CH2CH2O). n CH3、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3、、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH, -((CH2) n O) m ((CH2) p O) q (CH2) r OH, -(CH2CH2O) n H、-(CH2) n OH, -(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH, -(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) n OH, -(CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH、-((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2) m OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) m OH、-(CH2C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH2) p OH、-(CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH(CH3)) p OH, –((CH2) n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n NHC(O)(CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n C(O)NH(CH2) m OH, aromatic group, fluorinated alkyl group, fluorinated olefin group, fluorinated alkyne group, fluorinated aromatic group, thiol, monohydric alcohol, polyhydric alcohol, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 Aryl; cholesterol, vitamins, small molecule drugs, nucleic acids, peptides, proteins, polymers, styrene, (meth)acrylates, ethenyl imidazole, ethenyl pyridine, acrylamide group, maleimide group, auxiliary group, folic acid, aptamer, cholesterol, liposomes, lipids, organic acids, aromatic compounds, targeting ligands, peptides, monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, glycosides, alkanes, alkene-containing compounds, alkyne-containing compounds, thiol-containing compounds, amine-containing compounds, or one of the functional groups or targeting ligands used for coupling with other compounds; R4 is selected from -OH, -SH, -NH2, -OCH3, -OCH2CH3, -O(CH2) v CH3, -(CH2) n CH2N3, -(CH2CH2O) n CH3, -(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3, -(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m N3, -(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH, -((CH2) n O) m ((CH2) p O) q (CH2) r OH, -(CH2CH2O) n H, -(CH2) n OH, -(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH, -(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) n OH, -(CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2) m OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) m OH, -(CH2C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH2) p OH, -(CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH(CH3)) p OH, -((CH2) n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2) m OH, -(CH2) n NHC(O)(CH2) m OH, -(CH2) n C(O)NH(CH2) m OH, alkyl, azide, thiol, monohydric alcohol, polyhydric alcohol, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 Aryl; vitamins, small molecule drugs, nucleic acids, peptides, proteins, polymers, styrene, (meth)acrylates, ethenylimidazolium, ethenylpyridine, acrylamide group, maleimide group, auxiliary group, monosaccharide, disaccharide, oligo / polysaccharide, folic acid, aptamer, cholesterol, lipid, or targeting ligand; Alkyl groups include -CH3 and -(CH2). u CH3, olefinic groups include -CH2CH=CH2 and -(CH2) m CH=CH2、-(CH2) m CH=CH2(CH2) t CH3, alkynyl groups include -CH2C≡CH, -(CH2) m C≡CH、-(CH2) m C≡C(CH2) t CH3, azides include -(CH2) n CH2N3、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m N3, polymers include polyester, polyether, polyamide, polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, polylactic acid, poly(lactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer), poly(meth)acrylate, poly(meth)acrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol imidazole, polyvinyl alcohol pyridine, poly(meth)acrylate, polystyrene, polyester and polyether. A - It can be an organic or inorganic anion, including Cl. - ,Br - ; B + It can be an organic cation or an inorganic cation; m, n, o, p, q, r, t, u, v, x are 1-1000.

7. A polypropyleneimine derivative according to claim 2, characterized in that, The molecular structure of the polypropylene imine derivative is shown in the following formula: Wherein R1 is defined in the same way as in claim 2; R2 is selected from -O-, -NH-, -S-; R3 is selected from –H, –CH2CH2OH, –CH2CH2CH2OH, and –(CH2CH2O). n CH3、–(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3、–(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH, –((CH2) n O) m ((CH2) p O) q (CH2) r OH, –(CH2CH2O) n H、–(CH2) n OH, –(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH, –(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) n OH, –(CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH、-((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2) m OH, –((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH, –((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) m OH、–(CH2C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH2) p OH、–(CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH(CH3)) p OH, –((CH2) n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n NHC(O)(CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n C(O)NH(CH2) m OH, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 Aryl, acyl, alkyl, olefinic, alkyneic, aromatic, fluorinated alkyl, fluorinated olefinic, fluorinated alkyneic, fluorinated aromatic, polypeptide, protein, monosaccharide, disaccharide, oligo / polysaccharide, folic acid, cholesterol, lipid, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 One or more of the following: aryl, pentafluorophenyl, succinimide, lipids, targeting ligands, peptides, proteins, polymers, and targeting ligands; R4 is selected from alkyl, hydrocarbon, alkynyl, azide, and -(CH2CH2O). n CH3、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3、、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH, -((CH2) n O) m ((CH2) p O) q (CH2) r OH, -(CH2CH2O) n H、-(CH2) n OH, -(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH, -(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) n OH, -(CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH、-((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2) m OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) m OH、-(CH2C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH2) p OH、-(CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH(CH3)) p OH, –((CH2) n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n NHC(O)(CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n C(O)NH(CH2) m OH, aromatic group, fluorinated alkyl group, fluorinated olefin group, fluorinated alkyne group, fluorinated aromatic group, thiol, monohydric alcohol, polyhydric alcohol, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 Aryl; cholesterol, vitamins, small molecule drugs, nucleic acids, peptides, proteins, polymers, styrene, (meth)acrylates, ethenyl imidazole, ethenyl pyridine, acrylamide group, maleimide group, auxiliary group, folic acid, aptamer, cholesterol, liposomes, lipids, organic acids, aromatic compounds, targeting ligands, peptides, monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, glycosides, alkanes, alkene-containing compounds, alkyne-containing compounds, thiol-containing compounds, amine-containing compounds, or one of the functional groups or targeting ligands used for coupling with other compounds; R5 is selected from -OH, -SH, -NH2, -OCH3, -OCH2CH3, -CH2CH=CH2, -(CH2) m CH=CH2, -(CH2) m CH=CH2(CH2) t CH3, -CH2C≡CH, -(CH2) m C≡CH, -(CH2) m C≡C(CH2) t CH3, -O(CH2) v CH3, -(CH2) n CH2N3, -(CH2CH2O) n CH3, -(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3, -(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m N3, -(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH, -((CH2) n O) m ((CH2) p O) q (CH2) r OH, -(CH2CH2O) n H, -(CH2) n OH, -(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH, -(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) n OH, -(CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2) m OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) m OH, -(CH2C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH2) p OH, -(CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH(CH3)) p OH, -((CH2) n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2) m OH, -(CH2) n NHC(O)(CH2) m OH, -(CH2) n C(O)NH(CH2) m OH, alkyl, azide, thiol, monohydric alcohol, polyhydric alcohol, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 Aryl; vitamins, small molecule drugs, nucleic acids, peptides, proteins, polymers, styrene, (meth)acrylates, ethenylimidazolium, ethenylpyridine, acrylamide group, maleimide group, auxiliary group, monosaccharide, disaccharide, oligo / polysaccharide, folic acid, aptamer, cholesterol, lipid, or targeting ligand; R6 is selected from –H, –CH2CH2OH, –CH2CH2CH2OH, –(CH2CH2O) n CH3, –(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3, –(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH, –((CH2) n O) m ((CH2) p O) q (CH2) r OH, –(CH2CH2O) n H, –(CH2) n OH, –(CH2) n O(CH2) m [[ID=好的,我将按照要求进行翻译。请提供需要翻译的文本。]] OH, –(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) n OH, –(CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH, –-((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2) m OH, –((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH, –((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) m OH, –(CH2C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH2) p OH, –(CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH(CH3)) p OH, –((CH2) n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n NHC(O)(CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n C(O)NH(CH2) m OH, C 1-n alkenyl, C 1-n alkynyl, C 6-10 Aryl, cyano-containing groups, alcohols, thiols, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aromatic, fluorinated alkyl, fluorinated alkenyl, fluorinated alkynyl, fluorinated aromatic, polypeptides, proteins, monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides / polysaccharides, folic acid, aptamers, cholesterol, lipids, and targeting ligands, or combinations thereof. Alkyl groups include -CH3 and -(CH2). u CH3, olefinic groups include -CH2CH=CH2 and -(CH2) m CH=CH2、-(CH2) m CH=CH2(CH2) t CH3, alkynyl groups include -CH2C≡CH, -(CH2) m C≡CH、-(CH2) m C≡C(CH2) t CH3, azides include -(CH2) n CH2N3、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m N3, polymers include polyester, polyether, polyamide, polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, polylactic acid, poly(lactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer), poly(meth)acrylate, poly(meth)acrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol imidazole, polyvinyl alcohol pyridine, poly(meth)acrylate, polystyrene, polyester and polyether. A - It can be an organic or inorganic anion; m, n, o, p, q, r, t, u, v, w, x are integers from 1 to 1000.

8. A polypropyleneimine derivative according to claim 2, characterized in that, The molecular structure of the polypropylene imine derivative is shown in the following formula: Wherein R1 is defined in the same way as in claim 2; R2 is selected from -O-, -S-, or -NH-; R3 is selected from –H, –CH2CH2OH, –CH2CH2CH2OH, and –(CH2CH2O). n CH3、–(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3、–(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH, –((CH2) n O) m ((CH2) p O) q (CH2) r OH, –(CH2CH2O) n H、–(CH2) n OH, –(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH, –(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) n OH, –(CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH、-((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2) m OH, –((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH, –((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) m OH、–(CH2C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH2) p OH、–(CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH(CH3)) p OH, –((CH2) n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n NHC(O)(CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n C(O)NH(CH2) m OH, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 Aryl, acyl, alkyl, olefinic, alkyneic, aromatic, fluorinated alkyl, fluorinated olefinic, fluorinated alkyneic, fluorinated aromatic, polypeptide, protein, monosaccharide, disaccharide, oligo / polysaccharide, folic acid, cholesterol, lipid, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 One or more of the following: aryl, pentafluorophenyl, succinimide, lipids, targeting ligands, peptides, proteins, polymers, and targeting ligands; R4 is selected from –H, –CH2CH2OH, –CH2CH2CH2OH, –(CH2CH2O) n CH3, –(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3, –(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH, –((CH2) n O) m ((CH2) p O) q (CH2) r OH, –(CH2CH2O) n H, –(CH2) n OH, –(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH, –(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) n OH, –(CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH, –-((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2) m OH, –((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH, –((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) m OH, –(CH2C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH2) p OH, –(CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH(CH3)) p OH, –((CH2) n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n NHC(O)(CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n C(O)NH(CH2) m OH, C 1-n alkenyl, C 1-n alkynyl, C 6-10 Aryl, cyano-containing groups, alcohols, thiols, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aromatic, fluorinated alkyl, fluorinated alkenyl, fluorinated alkynyl, fluorinated aromatic, polypeptides, proteins, monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides / polysaccharides, folic acid, aptamers, cholesterol, lipids, and targeting ligands, or combinations thereof. R5 is an organic or inorganic anion, selected from F. - Cl - ,Br - I - SO4 2- NO3 - Acetate or citrate; R6 is selected from alkyl, olefinic, alkynyl, azide, and -(CH2CH2O). n CH3、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3、、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH, -((CH2) n O) m ((CH2) p O) q (CH2) r OH, -(CH2CH2O) n H、-(CH2) n OH, -(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH, -(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) n OH, -(CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH、-((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2) m OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) m OH、-(CH2C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH2) p OH、-(CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH(CH3)) p OH, –((CH2) n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n NHC(O)(CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n C(O)NH(CH2) m OH, aromatic group, fluorinated alkyl group, fluorinated olefin group, fluorinated alkyne group, fluorinated aromatic group, thiol, monohydric alcohol, polyhydric alcohol, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 Aryl; cholesterol, vitamins, small molecule drugs, nucleic acids, peptides, proteins, polymers, styrene, (meth)acrylates, ethenyl imidazole, ethenyl pyridine, acrylamide group, maleimide group, auxiliary group, folic acid, aptamer, cholesterol, liposomes, lipids, organic acids, aromatic compounds, targeting ligands, peptides, monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, glycosides, alkanes, alkene-containing compounds, alkyne-containing compounds, thiol-containing compounds, amine-containing compounds, or one of the functional groups or targeting ligands used for coupling with other compounds; R7 is selected from -O-, -NH-, -S-, -Se-, -CH2-, or -N2-; R8 is selected from -H, -NH2, –(CH2) n CH2N3, –(CH2CH2O) n CH3, –(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3, –(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m N 3、 –(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH, –((CH2) n O) m ((CH2) p O) q (CH2) r OH, –(CH2CH2O) n H, –(CH2) n OH, –(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH, –(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) n OH, –(CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2) m OH, –((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH, –((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) m OH, –(CH2C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH2) p OH, –(CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH(CH3)) p OH, –((CH2) n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n NHC(O)(CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n C(O)NH(CH2) m OH, C 1-n alkenyl, C 1-n alkynyl group, C 6-10 One or more of the following: aryl, peptide, protein, polymer, vinylimidazolium, vinylpyridine, (meth)acrylate, (meth)acrylamide group, maleimide group, monosaccharide, disaccharide, oligo / polysaccharide, folic acid, aptamer, cholesterol, lipid, and targeting ligand. Alkyl groups include -CH3 and -(CH2). u CH3, olefinic groups include -CH2CH=CH2 and -(CH2) m CH=CH2、-(CH2) m CH=CH2(CH2) t CH3, alkynyl groups include -CH2C≡CH, -(CH2) m C≡CH、-(CH2) m C≡C(CH2) t CH3, azides include -(CH2) n CH2N3、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m N3, polymers include polyester, polyether, polyamide, polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, polylactic acid, poly(lactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer), poly(meth)acrylate, poly(meth)acrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol imidazole, polyvinyl alcohol pyridine, poly(meth)acrylate, polystyrene, polyester and polyether. n, m, p, q, r are 1–10000, and t is 0–10000.

9. A polypropyleneimine derivative according to claim 2, characterized in that, The molecular structure of the polypropylene imine derivative is shown in the following formula: Wherein, R1 is defined in the same way as in claim 2; R2 is selected from one of -O-, -NH-, or -S-; R3 is selected from –H, –CH2CH2OH, –CH2CH2CH2OH, and –(CH2CH2O). n CH3、–(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3、–(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH, –((CH2) n O) m ((CH2) p O) q (CH2) r OH, –(CH2CH2O) n H、–(CH2) n OH, –(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH, –(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) n OH, –(CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH、-((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2) m OH, –((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH, –((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) m OH、–(CH2C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH2) p OH、–(CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH(CH3)) p OH, –((CH2) n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n NHC(O)(CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n C(O)NH(CH2) m OH, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 Aryl, acyl, alkyl, olefinic, alkyneic, aromatic, fluorinated alkyl, fluorinated olefinic, fluorinated alkyneic, fluorinated aromatic, polypeptide, protein, monosaccharide, disaccharide, oligo / polysaccharide, folic acid, cholesterol, lipid, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 One or more of the following: aryl, pentafluorophenyl, succinimide, lipids, targeting ligands, peptides, proteins, polymers, and targeting ligands; R4 is selected from alkyl, olefinic, alkynyl, phenyl, -CH2CH2-SS-CH2CH2-, -CH2(CH2) s -SS-(CH2) s CH2-, one or more of the polymers; R5 is selected from -OH, -SH, -NH2, -OCH3, -OCH2CH3, -O(CH2) v CH3, -(CH2) n CH2N3, -(CH2CH2O) n CH3, -(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3, -(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m N3, -(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH, -((CH2) n O) m ((CH2) p O) q (CH2) r OH, -(CH2CH2O) n H, -(CH2) n OH, -(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH, -(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) n OH, -(CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2) m OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) m OH, -(CH2C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH2) p OH, -(CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH(CH3)) p OH, -((CH2) n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2) m OH, -(CH2) n NHC(O)(CH2) m OH, -(CH2) n C(O)NH(CH2) m OH, alkyl, azide, thiol, monohydric alcohol, polyhydric alcohol, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 Aryl; vitamins, small molecule drugs, nucleic acids, peptides, proteins, polymers, styrene, (meth)acrylates, ethenylimidazolium, ethenylpyridine, acrylamide group, maleimide group, auxiliary group, monosaccharide, disaccharide, oligo / polysaccharide, folic acid, aptamer, cholesterol, lipid, or targeting ligand; R6 is selected from -OH, -SH, -NH2, -OCH3, -OCH2CH3, and -(CH2). n CH3, -O(CH2) v CH3, -(CH2) n CH2N3、-(CH2CH2O) n CH3、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m N3、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH、-((CH2) n Oh) m ((CH2) p Oh) q (CH2) r OH、-(CH2CH2O) n H、-(CH2) n OH、-(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH、-(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) n OH、-(CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH、-((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2) m OH、-((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH、-((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) m OH、-(CH2C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH2) p OH、-(CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH(CH3)) p OH、-((CH2) n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2) m OH、-(CH2) n NHC(O)(CH2) m OH、-(CH2) n C(O)NH(CH2) m OH, alkyl, azide, thiol, monohydric alcohol, polyhydric alcohol, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 Aryl; vitamins, small molecule drugs, nucleic acids, peptides, proteins, polymers, styrene, (meth)acrylates, ethenylimidazolium, ethenylpyridine, acrylamide group, maleimide group, auxiliary group, monosaccharide, disaccharide, oligo / polysaccharide, folic acid, aptamer, cholesterol, lipid, or targeting ligand; Alkyl groups include -CH3 and -(CH2). u CH3, olefinic groups include -CH2CH=CH2 and -(CH2) m CH=CH2、-(CH2) m CH=CH2(CH2) t CH3, alkynyl groups include -CH2C≡CH, -(CH2) m C≡CH、-(CH2) m C≡C(CH2) t CH3, azides include -(CH2) n CH2N3、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m N3, polymers include polyester, polyether, polyamide, polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, polylactic acid, poly(lactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer), poly(meth)acrylate, poly(meth)acrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol imidazole, polyvinyl alcohol pyridine, poly(meth)acrylate, polystyrene, polyester and polyether. m, n, o, p, q, r, t, u, v, w, x, y, z are integers selected from 1 to 1000.

10. A polypropyleneimine derivative according to claim 2, characterized in that, The molecular structure of the polypropylene imine derivative is shown in the following formula: Wherein, R1 is defined in the same way as in claim 2; R2 is selected from –H, –CH2CH2OH, –CH2CH2CH2OH, –(CH2CH2O) n CH3, –(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3, –(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH, –((CH2) n O) m ((CH2) p O) q (CH2) r OH, –(CH2CH2O) n H, –(CH2) n OH, –(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH, –(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) n OH, – (CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH、-((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2) m OH, –((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH, –((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) m OH、–(CH2C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH2) p OH、–(CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH(CH3)) p OH, –((CH2) n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n NHC(O)(CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n C(O)NH(CH2) m OH, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 Aryl, acyl, alkyl, olefinic, alkyneic, aromatic, fluorinated alkyl, fluorinated olefinic, fluorinated alkyneic, fluorinated aromatic, polypeptide, protein, monosaccharide, disaccharide, oligo / polysaccharide, folic acid, cholesterol, lipid, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 One or more of the following: aryl, pentafluorophenyl, succinimide, lipids, targeting ligands, peptides, proteins, polymers, and targeting ligands; R3 is selected from alkyl, olefinic, alkynyl, phenyl, -CH2CH2-SS-CH2CH2-, -CH2(CH2) s -SS-(CH2) s CH2-, one or more of the polymers; R4 is selected from -OH, -SH, -NH2, -OCH3, -OCH2CH3, -O(CH2) v CH3, -(CH2) n CH2N3, -(CH2CH2O) n CH3, -(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3, -(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m N3, -(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH, -((CH2) n O) m ((CH2) p O) q (CH2) r OH, -(CH2CH2O) n H, -(CH2) n OH, -(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH, -(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) n OH, -(CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2) m OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) m OH, -(CH2C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH2) p OH, -(CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH(CH3)) p OH, -((CH2) n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2) m OH, -(CH2) n NHC(O)(CH2) m OH, -(CH2) n C(O)NH(CH2) m OH, alkyl, azide, thiol, monohydric alcohol, polyhydric alcohol, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 One of the following: aryl, vitamin, small molecule drug, nucleic acid, peptide, protein, polymer, styrene, (meth)acrylate, ethylene imidazole, ethylene pyridine, acrylamide group, maleimide group, auxiliary group, monosaccharide, disaccharide, oligo / polysaccharide, folic acid, aptamer, cholesterol, lipid, or targeting ligand; R5 is selected from -OH, -SH, -NH2, -OCH3, -OCH2CH3, -O(CH2) v CH3, -(CH2) n CH2N3, -(CH2CH2O) n CH3, -(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3, -(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m N3, -(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH, -((CH2) n O) m ((CH2) p O) q (CH2) r OH, -(CH2CH2O) n H, -(CH2) n OH, -(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH, -(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) n OH, -(CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2) m OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) m OH、-(CH2C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH2) p OH、-(CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH(CH3)) p OH, -((CH2) n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2) m OH, -(CH2) n NHC(O)(CH2) m OH, -(CH2) n C(O)NH(CH2) m OH, alkyl, azide, thiol, monohydric alcohol, polyhydric alcohol, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 Aryl; vitamins, small molecule drugs, nucleic acids, peptides, proteins, polymers, styrene, (meth)acrylates, ethenylimidazolium, ethenylpyridine, acrylamide group, maleimide group, auxiliary group, monosaccharide, disaccharide, oligo / polysaccharide, folic acid, aptamer, cholesterol, lipid, or targeting ligand; Alkyl groups include -CH3 and -(CH2). u CH3, olefinic groups include -CH2CH=CH2 and -(CH2) m CH=CH2、-(CH2) m CH=CH2(CH2) t CH3, alkynyl groups include -CH2C≡CH, -(CH2) m C≡CH、-(CH2) m C≡C(CH2) t CH3, azides include -(CH2) n CH2N3、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m N3, polymers include polyester, polyether, polyamide, polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, polylactic acid, poly(lactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer), poly(meth)acrylate, poly(meth)acrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol imidazole, polyvinyl alcohol pyridine, poly(meth)acrylate, polystyrene, polyester and polyether. m, n, o, p, q, r, t, u, v, w, x, y are integers selected from 1 to 1000.

11. A polypropyleneimine derivative according to claim 2, characterized in that, The molecular structure of the polypropylene imine derivative is shown in the following formula: Wherein, R1 is selected from alkyl, olefinic, alkynyl, azide, and -(CH2CH2O). n CH3、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3、、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH, -((CH2) n O) m ((CH2) p O) q (CH2) r OH, -(CH2CH2O) n H、-(CH2) n OH, -(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH, -(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) n OH, -(CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH、-((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2) m OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) m OH、-(CH2C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH2) p OH、-(CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH(CH3)) p OH, –((CH2) n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2) m OH、– (CH2) n NHC(O)(CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n C(O)NH(CH2) m OH, aromatic group, fluorinated alkyl group, fluorinated olefin group, fluorinated alkyne group, fluorinated aromatic group, thiol, monohydric alcohol, polyhydric alcohol, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 Aryl; cholesterol, vitamins, small molecule drugs, nucleic acids, peptides, proteins, polymers, styrene, (meth)acrylates, ethenyl imidazole, ethenyl pyridine, acrylamide group, maleimide group, auxiliary group, folic acid, aptamer, cholesterol, liposomes, lipids, organic acids, aromatic compounds, targeting ligands, peptides, monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, glycosides, alkanes, alkene-containing compounds, alkyne-containing compounds, thiol-containing compounds, amine-containing compounds, or one of the functional groups or targeting ligands used for coupling with other compounds; R2 is selected from -(CH2). n O(CH2) o -、-(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) p -, -CH2CH2(OCH2CH2) r - One or more of alkyl, olefin, alkynyl, aromatic, fluorinated alkyl, fluorinated olefin, fluorinated alkynyl, and fluorinated aromatic groups; R3 is selected from one of -O-, -NH-, and -S-; R4 is selected from –H, –CH2CH2OH, –CH2CH2CH2OH, –(CH2CH2O) n CH3, –(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3, –(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH, –((CH2) n O) m ((CH2) p O) q (CH2) r OH, –(CH2CH2O) n H, –(CH2) n OH, –(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH, –(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) n OH, –(CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2) m OH, –((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O) m [[ID=]]44](OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH, –((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) m OH, –(CH2C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH2) p OH, –(CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH(CH3)) p OH, –((CH2) n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n NHC(O)(CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n C(O)NH(CH2) m OH, C 1-n alkenyl, C 1-n alkynyl, C 6-10 Aryl, acyl, alkyl, olefinic, alkyneic, aromatic, fluorinated alkyl, fluorinated olefinic, fluorinated alkyneic, fluorinated aromatic, polypeptide, protein, monosaccharide, disaccharide, oligo / polysaccharide, folic acid, cholesterol, lipid, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 One or more of the following: aryl, pentafluorophenyl, succinimide, lipids, targeting ligands, peptides, proteins, polymers, and targeting ligands; R5 is selected from CH3- or (CH2). r CH3, one or more of alkenes, alkynes or aromatic hydrocarbons; R6 is selected from one or more of -H, alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, alcohols, polyols, polyethers, polyesters, or polyamides; R7 is selected from -OH, -SH, -NH2, -OCH3, -OCH2CH3, -O(CH2) v CH3, -(CH2) n CH2N3, -(CH2CH2O) n CH3, -(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3, -(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m N3, -(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH, -((CH2) n O) m ((CH2) p O) q (CH2) r OH, -(CH2CH2O) n H, -(CH2) n OH, -(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH, -(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) n OH, -(CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH、-((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2) m OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) m OH、-(CH2C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH2) p OH、-(CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH(CH3)) p OH, -((CH2) n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2) m OH, -(CH2) n NHC(O)(CH2) m OH, -(CH2) n C(O)NH(CH2) m OH, alkyl, azide, thiol, monohydric alcohol, polyhydric alcohol, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 Aryl; vitamins, small molecule drugs, nucleic acids, peptides, proteins, polymers, styrene, (meth)acrylates, ethenylimidazolium, ethenylpyridine, acrylamide group, maleimide group, auxiliary group, monosaccharide, disaccharide, oligo / polysaccharide, folic acid, aptamer, cholesterol, lipid, or targeting ligand; Alkyl groups include -CH3 and -(CH2). u CH3, olefinic groups include -CH2CH=CH2 and -(CH2) m CH=CH2、-(CH2) m CH=CH2(CH2) t CH3, alkynyl groups include -CH2C≡CH, -(CH2) m C≡CH、-(CH2) m C≡C(CH2) t CH3, azides include -(CH2) n CH2N3、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m N3, polymers include polyester, polyether, polyamide, polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, polylactic acid, poly(lactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer), poly(meth)acrylate, poly(meth)acrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol imidazole, polyvinyl alcohol pyridine, poly(meth)acrylate, polystyrene, polyester and polyether. m is selected from integers from 1 to 10000, n and o are selected from integers from 0 to 10000, and i, j, k, l, p, q, r, s, t, u, and v are selected from integers from 1 to 100.

12. A polypropyleneimine derivative according to claim 2, characterized in that, The molecular structure of the polypropylene imine derivative is shown in the following formula: Wherein, R1 is selected from alkyl, olefinic, alkynyl, azide, and -(CH2CH2O). n CH3、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3、、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH, -((CH2) n O) m ((CH2) p O) q (CH2) r OH, -(CH2CH2O) n H、-(CH2) n OH, -(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH, -(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) n OH, -(CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH、-((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2) m OH、 -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) m OH、-(CH2C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH2) p OH、-(CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH(CH3)) p OH, –((CH2) n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n NHC(O)(CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n C(O)NH(CH2) m OH, aromatic group, fluorinated alkyl group, fluorinated olefin group, fluorinated alkyne group, fluorinated aromatic group, thiol, monohydric alcohol, polyhydric alcohol, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 Aryl; cholesterol, vitamins, small molecule drugs, nucleic acids, peptides, proteins, polymers, styrene, (meth)acrylates, ethenyl imidazole, ethenyl pyridine, acrylamide group, maleimide group, auxiliary group, folic acid, aptamer, cholesterol, liposomes, lipids, organic acids, aromatic compounds, targeting ligands, peptides, monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, glycosides, alkanes, alkene-containing compounds, alkyne-containing compounds, thiol-containing compounds, amine-containing compounds, or one of the functional groups or targeting ligands used for coupling with other compounds; R2 is selected from -(CH2). n O(CH2) o -、-(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) p -, -CH2CH2(OCH2CH2) r - One or more of alkyl, olefin, alkynyl, aromatic, fluorinated alkyl, fluorinated olefin, fluorinated alkynyl, and fluorinated aromatic groups; R3 is selected from –H, –CH2CH2OH, –CH2CH2CH2OH, and –(CH2CH2O). n CH3、–(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3、–(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH, –((CH2) n O) m ((CH2) p O) q (CH2) r OH, –(CH2CH2O) n H、–(CH2) n OH, –(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH, –(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) n OH, –(CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH、-((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2) m OH, –((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH, –((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) m OH、–(CH2C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH2) p OH、–(CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH(CH3)) p OH, –((CH2) n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n NHC(O)(CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n C(O)NH(CH2) m OH, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 Aryl, acyl, alkyl, olefinic, alkyneic, aromatic, fluorinated alkyl, fluorinated olefinic, fluorinated alkyneic, fluorinated aromatic, polypeptide, protein, monosaccharide, disaccharide, oligo / polysaccharide, folic acid, cholesterol, lipid, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 One or more of the following: aryl, pentafluorophenyl, succinimide, lipids, targeting ligands, peptides, proteins, polymers, and targeting ligands; R4 is selected from -CH3 and -(CH2). q CH3, one or more of alkenes, alkynes or aromatic hydrocarbons; R5 is selected from -(CH2). n O(CH2) o -、-(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) p -, -CH2CH2(OCH2CH2) r - One or more of alkyl, olefin, alkynyl, aromatic, fluorinated alkyl, fluorinated olefin, fluorinated alkynyl, and fluorinated aromatic groups; R6 is selected from –H, –CH2CH2OH, –CH2CH2CH2OH, –(CH2CH2O) n CH3, –(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3, –(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH, –((CH2) n O) m ((CH2) p O) q (CH2) r OH, –(CH2CH2O) n H, –(CH2) n OH, –(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH, –(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) n OH, –(CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2) m OH, –((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH, –((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) m OH, –(CH C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH2) p OH, –(CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH(CH3)) p OH, –((CH2) n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2) m OH, –(CH2) n NHC(O)(CH2) m OH, –(CH2)<000!6!2!7!>C(O)NH(CH2) m OH, C 1-n alkenyl, C<0!0!0!1!6!3!0!>alkynyl, C 6-10 Aryl, acyl, alkyl, olefinic, alkyneic, aromatic, fluorinated alkyl, fluorinated olefinic, fluorinated alkyneic, fluorinated aromatic, polypeptide, protein, monosaccharide, disaccharide, oligo / polysaccharide, folic acid, cholesterol, lipid, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 One or more of the following: aryl, pentafluorophenyl, succinimide, lipids, targeting ligands, peptides, proteins, polymers, and targeting ligands; R7 is selected from -OH, -SH, -NH2, -OCH3, -OCH2CH3, -O(CH2) v CH3, -(CH2) n CH2N3, -(CH2CH2O) n CH3, -(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m CH3, -(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m N3, -(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m OH, -((CH2) n O) m ((CH2) p O) q (CH2) r OH, -(CH2CH2O) n H, -(CH2) n OH, -(CH2) n O(CH2) m OH, -(CH2CH2OCH2CH2) n OH, -(CH2CH2O) n CH2CH2OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2) m OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2O) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) p OH, -((CH2) 1-8 C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)(CH2) 1-8 ) m OH, -(CH2C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH2) p OH, -(CH(CH3)C(O)O) n (CH2CH2) m (OC(O)CH(CH3)) p OH, -((CH2) n OC(O)O)(CH2CH2) m OH, -(CH2) n NHC(O)(CH2) m OH, -(CH2) n C(O)NH(CH2) m OH, alkyl, azide, thiol, monohydric alcohol, polyhydric alcohol, C 1-n olefin group, C 1-n Alkyne group, C 6-10 Aryl; vitamins, small molecule drugs, nucleic acids, peptides, proteins, polymers, styrene, (meth)acrylates, ethenylimidazolium, ethenylpyridine, acrylamide group, maleimide group, auxiliary group, monosaccharide, disaccharide, oligo / polysaccharide, folic acid, aptamer, cholesterol, lipid, or targeting ligand; Alkyl groups include -CH3 and -(CH2). u CH3, olefinic groups include -CH2CH=CH2 and -(CH2) m CH=CH2、-(CH2) m CH=CH2(CH2) t CH3, alkynyl groups include -CH2C≡CH, -(CH2) m C≡CH、-(CH2) m C≡C(CH2) t CH3, azides include -(CH2) n CH2N3、-(CH2CH2O) n (CH2) m N3, polymers include polyester, polyether, polyamide, Polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, polylactic acid, poly(lactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer), poly(meth)acrylate, poly(meth)acrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol imidazole, polyvinyl alcohol pyridine, poly(meth)acrylate, polystyrene, polyester and polyether; m, n, o are selected from 0-10000; i, j, k, l, p, q, r, s, t, u, v, w are selected from 1-100.

13. A polypropyleneimine derivative according to claim 2, characterized in that, The molecular structure of the polypropylene imine derivative is selected from one or more of the structures shown in the following formulas: Where A – It is anion B + R is a cation, R is a linker molecule used to couple proteins, and n is 1-100000.

14. A polypropyleneimine derivative according to claim 2, characterized in that, The molecular structure of the polypropylene imine derivative is selected from one or more of the structures shown in the following formulas: Where m, n, x, and y are independently selected from 1 to 100000; R1 is selected from -CH3 and -(CH2). s CH3, one or more of olefinic, alkyneic, phenyl, etheric, esteric, polyester or polyether.

15. The method for preparing the polypropyleneimine derivative according to any one of claims 1-13, characterized in that, The monomer of the oxazine derivative is polymerized by initiator, and then the side chain of the polymer is removed to obtain polypropyleneimine. Acrylates are selected to react with polypropyleneimine to obtain zwitterionic precursor polymer. Finally, the precursor polymer is hydrolyzed to obtain polypropyleneimine zwitterionic derivative.

16. The method for preparing the polypropyleneimine derivative according to claim 14, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: 1) Reaction of polypropyleneimine with acrylate derivatives yields N-alkylated polypropyleneimine derivatives; 2) Under alkaline catalysis, N-alkylated polypropyleneimine derivatives are reacted with diethylene sulfone to obtain polypropyleneimine with zwitterionic precursors; 3) Hydrolyze the zwitterionic precursor polypropyleneimine to form zwitterionic polypropyleneimine, i.e., the polypropyleneimine derivative. The structure of polypropyleneimine is shown below: The structure of the acrylate derivative is shown below. The structure of the N-alkylated polypropyleneimine derivative is shown below: The structure of the diethene-based sulfone is shown below: The structure of the zwitterionic precursor polypropyleneimine is shown below: The structure of the zwitterionic polypropyleneimine is shown below: Where n is an integer from 1 to 100000; R is CH3-, CH3CH2-, or CH3(OCH2CH2). m - where m is an integer from 1 to 1000.

17. The use of the polypropyleneimine derivative according to any one of claims 1-14 in the preparation of pharmaceutical formulations, pharmaceutical carriers or biomaterials.

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