Buffer, coupler buffer device and vehicle

Abstract

This invention provides a buffer, a coupler buffer device, and a vehicle. The buffer includes: a piston cylinder with a receiving space; a piston member including a first rod and a piston head disposed on the first rod, the piston head being disposed within the receiving space; a baffle movably disposed along the axial direction of the piston cylinder, the baffle dividing the space between the side of the piston head facing the second end of the piston cylinder and the second end of the piston cylinder into a first sub-space and a second sub-space, the first sub-space being located on the side of the baffle facing the piston head, the baffle having a through hole extending along the axial direction of the piston cylinder; an elastic member disposed between the piston head and the baffle, applying an elastic force to the piston head and the baffle to allow the piston member and the baffle to move away from each other; and elastic putty disposed within the first and second sub-spaces. The technical solution of this application effectively solves the problem of high internal pressure in the buffer when providing significant resistance in related technologies.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of buffer technology, and more specifically, to a buffer, a coupler buffer device, and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] The buffer is one of the key components of the railway coupler system. It is a crucial component for mitigating the longitudinal impulse of the train and protecting the safe operation of goods.

[0003] The damper may include a cylinder, elastic putty, and a piston rod. The piston rod can extend into the receiving chamber of the cylinder, thereby compressing the elastic putty and producing a damping effect. When the piston rod moves a large distance into the cylinder, the elastic putty is compressed to the maximum extent, resulting in high pressure inside the cylinder, which requires high structural strength from the cylinder. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main objective of this invention is to provide a buffer, a coupler buffer device, and a vehicle to solve the problem of high internal pressure in the buffer when providing greater resistance in related technologies.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, according to a first aspect of the present invention, a buffer is provided, comprising: a piston cylinder having a receiving space therein, and a clearance through hole at a first end of the piston cylinder; a piston member movably disposed along the axial direction of the piston cylinder, the piston member including a first rod and a piston head disposed on the first rod, the first rod passing through the clearance through hole, and the piston head disposed within the receiving space; a baffle disposed within the receiving space and movably disposed along the axial direction of the piston cylinder, the baffle dividing the space between the side of the piston head facing the second end of the piston cylinder and the second end of the piston cylinder into a first subspace and a second subspace, the first subspace being located on the side of the baffle facing the piston head, and the baffle having a communicating through hole extending along the axial direction of the piston cylinder; an elastic member disposed between the piston head and the baffle, and applying an elastic force to the piston head and the baffle to allow the piston member and the baffle to move away from each other; and an elastic putty disposed within the first subspace and the second subspace.

[0006] Furthermore, the piston head and the baffle can move relative to each other, and the piston head and the baffle can be in a fitted state and a separated state.

[0007] Furthermore, the piston component also includes a second rod, the outer diameter of which is smaller than the outer diameter of the piston head. The second rod is located at the end of the piston head away from the first rod. A mounting through hole is provided on the baffle, and the second rod passes through the mounting through hole. The baffle is movably mounted on the second rod, and an elastic element is sleeved on the outer periphery of the second rod.

[0008] Furthermore, the buffer also includes a retaining ring, and an annular mounting groove is provided on the outer surface of the second rod. The retaining ring is disposed in the annular mounting groove and is disposed on the side of the baffle away from the piston head.

[0009] Furthermore, the buffer also includes a guide sleeve, an annular mounting notch is provided on the outer periphery of the piston head, the guide sleeve is sleeved on the outer periphery of the piston head and located within the annular mounting notch, there is a gap between the guide sleeve and the inner wall of the piston cylinder, and / or, the piston component also includes a guide cone rod, the guide cone rod is disposed between the first rod body and the piston head, and the outer diameter of the guide cone rod gradually increases in the direction from the first rod body to the piston head.

[0010] Furthermore, the baffle includes a plate body and a positioning protrusion disposed on the side of the plate body facing the piston. An elastic element is sleeved on the outer periphery of the positioning protrusion. A mounting groove is provided on the end face of the piston head facing the baffle. The end of the elastic element away from the baffle is disposed in the mounting groove. The groove depth of the mounting groove is greater than the axial height of the positioning protrusion.

[0011] Furthermore, the buffer also includes an end plate and a length adjustment structure. The end plate is located at the end of the first rod away from the piston head. The length adjustment structure is located between the piston cylinder and the end plate. The length adjustment structure includes a pull rod and an adjusting nut. The adjusting nut is threadedly engaged with the pull rod. The piston cylinder includes a cylinder body and a mounting ring located on the outer surface of the cylinder body. The first end of the pull rod is located on the end plate. The pull rod passes through the mounting ring. The adjusting nut is located on the side of the mounting ring away from the end plate.

[0012] Furthermore, the length adjustment structure also includes a first occupant block, which is disposed between the mounting ring and the adjusting nut. The first occupant block has a semi-circular structure and is arranged around the outer periphery of the pull rod.

[0013] Furthermore, the length adjustment structure also includes a second occupant block and a fixing rope. The second occupant block is disposed between the mounting ring and the adjusting nut. The second occupant block has a semi-circular structure and is disposed around the outer periphery of the pull rod. The fixing rope is disposed around the outer periphery of the first occupant block and the second occupant block.

[0014] Furthermore, the piston cylinder includes a cylinder body, a first end cap, and a second end cap. The first end cap and the second end cap are respectively disposed at both ends of the cylinder body, and an accommodating space is formed between the cylinder body, the first end cap, and the second end cap. An avoidance through hole is disposed on the first end cap. The first end cap forms the first end of the piston cylinder, and the second end cap forms the second end of the piston cylinder.

[0015] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a coupler buffer device is provided, comprising a buffer, wherein the buffer is the buffer described above.

[0016] According to a third aspect of the present invention, a vehicle is provided, including a coupler buffer device, wherein the coupler buffer device is the aforementioned coupler buffer device.

[0017] The buffer, according to the technical solution of this invention, includes a piston cylinder, a piston member, a baffle, and an elastic element. When the piston member is subjected to compressive force, the first rod moves from the outside of the piston cylinder to the inside of the piston cylinder. This first rod then drives the piston head to move within the receiving space. The piston head, through the elastic element, drives the baffle to move, causing the baffle to compress the elastic clay. The elastic clay then flows from the second sub-space to the first sub-space through the connecting hole. The elastic clay can also enter the space between the piston head and the first end of the piston cylinder from the first sub-space through the gap between the piston head and the receiving space. This ensures that the buffer provides a resistance of F2 during compression. Since the cross-sectional area of ​​the piston rod in related technologies is smaller than that of the baffle in this application, a larger pressure is required within the piston cylinder to achieve the same resistance as the buffer in related technologies. Therefore, this application, by setting a piston head and a baffle, achieves a reduction in the pressure within the piston cylinder when the same resistance is required. When the first rod is further compressed, the piston head and the baffle jointly compress the elastic element. Therefore, the technical solution of this application effectively solves the problem of high internal pressure of the buffer when providing greater resistance in related technologies. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings:

[0019] Figure 1 A three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the buffer according to the present invention is shown;

[0020] Figure 2 It shows Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the buffer;

[0021] Figure 3 It shows Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the buffer;

[0022] Figure 4 It shows Figure 3 A magnified view of part A of the buffer;

[0023] Figure 5 It shows Figure 1 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of the buffer baffle;

[0024] Figure 6 It shows Figure 1A three-dimensional structural diagram of the first occupant block of the buffer.

[0025] The above figures include the following reference numerals:

[0026] 10. Piston cylinder; 11. Clearance through hole; 12. First subspace; 13. Second subspace; 14. Cylinder body; 15. Mounting ring; 16. First end cap; 17. Second end cap; 20. Piston component; 21. First rod body; 22. Piston head; 221. Annular mounting notch; 222. Mounting groove; 23. Second rod body; 231. Annular mounting groove; 24. Guide cone rod; 30. Baffle; 31. Connecting through hole; 32. Mounting through hole; 33. Plate body; 34. Positioning protrusion; 40. Elastic element; 50. Retaining ring; 60. Guide sleeve; 70. End plate; 80. Length adjustment structure; 81. Pull rod; 82. Adjusting nut; 83. First occupant block; 84. Second occupant block; 90. Support ring. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the present invention or its application or use. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to this application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0029] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values ​​of the components and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the invention. It should also be understood that, for ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn to actual scale. Techniques, methods, and devices known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and devices should be considered part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures denote similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further discussed in subsequent figures.

[0030] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the buffer in this embodiment includes a piston cylinder 10, a piston member 20, and a baffle 30. The piston cylinder 10 has a receiving space, and its first end has a clearance through hole 11. The piston member 20 is movably disposed along the axial direction of the piston cylinder 10. The piston member 20 includes a first rod 21 and a piston head 22 disposed on the first rod 21. The first rod 21 passes through the clearance through hole 11, and the piston head 22 is disposed within the receiving space. The baffle 30 is disposed within the receiving space and is movably disposed along the axial direction of the piston cylinder 10. The baffle 30 divides the space between the side of the piston head 22 facing the second end of the piston cylinder 10 and the second end of the piston cylinder 10 into a first subspace 12 and a second subspace 13. The first subspace 12 is located on the side of the baffle 30 facing the piston head 22. The baffle 30 has a connecting through hole 31 extending along the axial direction of the piston cylinder 10. An elastic element 40 is disposed between the piston head 22 and the baffle 30, and applies an elastic force to the piston head 22 and the baffle 30 so that the piston element 20 and the baffle 30 can move away from each other. Elastic putty is disposed within the first subspace 12 and the second subspace 13.

[0031] Using the technical solution of this embodiment, the buffer includes a piston cylinder 10, a piston component 20, a baffle 30, and an elastic component 40. When the piston 20 is subjected to compressive force, the first rod 21 moves from the outside of the piston cylinder 10 to the inside of the piston cylinder 10. The first rod 21 then drives the piston head 22 to move within the accommodating space. The piston head 22, through the elastic member 40, drives the baffle 30 to move, causing the baffle 30 to compress the elastic clay. The elastic clay then flows from the second sub-space 13 to the first sub-space 12 through the connecting hole 31. The elastic clay also flows from the first sub-space 12 through the gap between the piston head 22 and the accommodating space into the space between the piston head 22 and the first end of the piston cylinder 10. This ensures that the buffer provides resistance F2 during compression. Since the cross-sectional area of ​​the piston rod in related technologies is smaller than that of the baffle 30 in this embodiment, a larger pressure is required within the piston cylinder 10 to achieve the same resistance. Therefore, by setting the piston head 22 and the baffle 30, this application achieves a reduction in pressure within the piston cylinder 10 when the same resistance is required. When the first rod 21 is further compressed, the piston head 22 and the baffle 30 jointly compress the elastic element 40. Therefore, the technical solution of this embodiment effectively solves the problem of high internal pressure of the buffer when providing greater resistance in related technologies.

[0032] It should be noted that the buffer also includes a dynamic sealing ring, which surrounds the outer periphery of the baffle 30. The elastic putty is compressible and fluid. The elastic element 40 is a spring.

[0033] It should be noted that a certain initial pressure must be maintained within the piston cylinder 10 to allow the elastic putty to fully recover at low temperatures. However, excessive initial pressure directly leads to excessive initial pressure on the buffer, resulting in poor buffer performance. Using the buffer in this embodiment avoids setting excessive initial pressure within the piston cylinder 10, thus improving buffer performance.

[0034] like Figures 2 to 4 As shown, in this embodiment, the piston head 22 and the baffle 30 are movable relative to each other, and the piston head 22 and the baffle 30 have both a fitted state and a separated state. When the piston head 22 and the baffle 30 are fitted, that is, when the piston head 22 and the baffle 30 are in a fitted state, the elastic putty cannot flow between the side of the piston head 22 away from the baffle 30 and the second subspace 13. At this time, the resistance experienced by the piston head 22 increases rapidly, which can ensure the buffering capacity under extreme conditions. When the piston head 22 and the baffle 30 are in a separated state, the elastic putty can flow normally within the first subspace 12 and the second subspace 13.

[0035] like Figures 2 to 4As shown, in this embodiment, the piston component 20 further includes a second rod 23. The outer diameter of the second rod 23 is smaller than the outer diameter of the piston head 22. The second rod 23 is disposed at the end of the piston head 22 away from the first rod 21. The baffle 30 is provided with a mounting through hole 32, and the second rod 23 passes through the mounting through hole 32. The baffle 30 is movably disposed on the second rod 23, and the elastic member 40 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the second rod 23. By providing the second rod 23 and the mounting through hole 32, the relative position of the second rod 23 and the baffle 30 in the radial direction of the mounting through hole 32 is more stable.

[0036] It should be noted that the end of the second rod 23 furthest from the piston head is provided with a blind hole, which can accommodate elastic putty.

[0037] like Figures 2 to 4 As shown, in this embodiment, the buffer also includes a retaining ring 50. An annular mounting groove 231 is provided on the outer surface of the second rod 23, and the retaining ring 50 is disposed in the annular mounting groove 231. The retaining ring 50 is disposed on the side of the baffle 30 away from the piston head 22. The retaining ring 50 can be installed onto the second rod 23 through the annular mounting groove 231. By setting the retaining ring 50, the distance that the baffle 30 moves relative to the piston head 22 on the second rod 23 can be controlled, so that when the pressure transmitted from the first rod 21 to the piston head 22 meets the preset pressure, the piston head 22 can move towards the baffle 30, thereby reducing the gap between the piston head 22 and the baffle 30.

[0038] like Figures 2 to 4 As shown, in this embodiment, the buffer also includes a guide sleeve 60. An annular mounting notch 221 is provided on the outer periphery of the piston head 22. The guide sleeve 60 is fitted around the outer periphery of the piston head 22 and located within the annular mounting notch 221. A gap exists between the guide sleeve 60 and the inner wall of the piston cylinder 10. The guide sleeve 60 allows the piston head 22 to slide smoothly within the receiving space.

[0039] The guide sleeve 60 is made of copper alloy, which has low hardness and lubricity, thus preventing accidental contact with the surface of the receiving space.

[0040] like Figures 2 to 4 As shown, in this embodiment, the piston component 20 further includes a guide cone rod 24, which is disposed between the first rod body 21 and the piston head 22. The outer diameter of the guide cone rod 24 gradually increases in the direction from the first rod body 21 to the piston head 22. This allows the guide cone rod 24 to guide the elastic putty through the gap between the piston head 22 and the surface of the receiving space, and through the gap between the guide sleeve 60 and the surface of the receiving space, into the first sub-space 12 when the piston head 22 moves toward the second end away from the cylinder body 14.

[0041] like Figures 2 to 4As shown, in this embodiment, the baffle 30 includes a plate 33 and a positioning protrusion 34 disposed on the side of the plate 33 facing the piston 20. The elastic member 40 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the positioning protrusion 34. A mounting groove 222 is provided on the end face of the piston head 22 facing the baffle 30. The end of the elastic member 40 away from the baffle 30 is disposed in the mounting groove 222. By providing the positioning protrusion 34 and the mounting groove 222, the two ends of the elastic member 40 can be limited, so that when the elastic member 40 is compressed, the position of the elastic member 40 between the baffle 30 and the piston head 22 can be more stable. The groove depth of the mounting groove 222 is greater than the axial height of the positioning protrusion 34, so that the piston head 22 can move to fit with the baffle 30, avoiding the situation where the groove depth of the mounting groove 222 is less than the axial height of the positioning protrusion 34, which would prevent the piston head 22 from being unable to move to fit with the baffle 30.

[0042] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, in this embodiment, the buffer also includes an end plate 70 and a length adjustment structure 80. The end plate 70 is disposed at the end of the first rod 21 away from the piston head 22. The length adjustment structure 80 is disposed between the piston cylinder 10 and the end plate 70. The length adjustment structure 80 includes a pull rod 81 and an adjusting nut 82. The adjusting nut 82 is threadedly engaged with the pull rod 81. The piston cylinder 10 includes a cylinder body 14 and a mounting ring 15 disposed on the outer surface of the cylinder body 14. The first end of the pull rod 81 is disposed on the end plate 70 and passes through the mounting ring 15. The adjusting nut 82 is disposed on the side of the mounting ring 15 away from the end plate 70. By rotating the adjusting nut 82 on the pull rod 81, the pull rod 81 can drive the end plate 70 to move towards the piston cylinder 10. Alternatively, under the action of the elastic putty, the piston 20 can drive the end plate 70 to move away from the piston cylinder 10. That is, the distance between the end plate 70 and the piston cylinder 10 can be adjusted, which facilitates the installation of the buffer. Specifically, when the end plate 70 moves toward the piston cylinder 10, the distance between the side of the end plate 70 away from the piston cylinder 10 and the second end of the piston cylinder 10 decreases, which facilitates the assembly of the buffer.

[0043] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, in this embodiment, the length adjustment structure 80 further includes a first occupant block 83, which is disposed between the mounting ring 15 and the adjusting nut 82. The first occupant block 83 has a semi-circular structure and is arranged around the outer periphery of the pull rod 81. When the end plate 70 is subjected to pressure, the end plate 70 can move towards the piston cylinder 10, thereby driving the pull rod 81 to move. Consequently, the first occupant block 83 is no longer squeezed by the mounting ring 15 and the adjusting nut 82, and the first occupant block 83 can fall off the pull rod 81, thus allowing the buffer to function normally.

[0044] like Figures 1 to 3 as well as Figure 6As shown, in this embodiment, the length adjustment structure 80 further includes a second occupant block 84 and a fixing rope. The second occupant block 84 is disposed between the mounting ring 15 and the adjusting nut 82. The second occupant block 84 has a semi-circular structure and is arranged around the outer periphery of the pull rod 81. The fixing rope is arranged around the outer periphery of the first occupant block 83 and the second occupant block 84. When the end plate 70 is subjected to pressure, the end plate 70 can move towards the piston cylinder 10, thereby driving the pull rod 81 to move. Consequently, the second occupant block 84 is no longer squeezed by the mounting ring 15 and the adjusting nut 82, and the second occupant block 84 can fall off the pull rod 81, so that the buffer can work normally. By using the fixing rope, the first occupant block 83 and the second occupant block 84 can be fixed to the pull rod 81, preventing the first occupant block 83 and the second occupant block 84 from falling off the pull rod 81. This ensures that before the buffer is installed, the distance between the side of the end plate 70 away from the piston cylinder 10 and the second end of the piston cylinder 10 is small. After the buffer is installed on the coupler tail frame of the coupler buffer device, the fixing rope is removed. The first occupant block 83 and the second occupant block 84 are no longer fixed by the fixing rope. As a result, when the end plate 70 is subjected to pressure, the first occupant block 83 and the second occupant block 84 can fall off by themselves.

[0045] It should be noted that the fixing rope has a fixed state and a detached state. After the buffer is installed on the coupler tail frame of the coupler buffer device, that is, after the buffer is installed on the vehicle, the fixing rope switches from the fixed state to the detached state. Before the buffer is installed on the vehicle, the fixing rope is in the fixed state, and even if the end plate 70 is subjected to an accidental impact, the first occupant block 83 and the second occupant block 84 will not fall off the tie rod 81.

[0046] The first and second occupant blocks have the same structure. The outer periphery of the first occupant block is provided with a receiving groove to facilitate the holding of the fixing rope.

[0047] The fixing rope can be made of iron wire.

[0048] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, in this embodiment, the piston cylinder 10 includes a cylinder body 14, a first end cap 16, and a second end cap 17. The first end cap 16 and the second end cap 17 are respectively disposed at both ends of the cylinder body 14, forming a receiving space between the cylinder body 14, the first end cap 16, and the second end cap 17. A clearance through hole 11 is disposed on the first end cap 16, which forms the first end of the piston cylinder 10, and the second end cap 17 forms the second end of the piston cylinder 10. This arrangement facilitates the insertion of the piston head 22, the baffle 30, the guide sleeve 60, and the elastic putty into the receiving space.

[0049] It should be noted that the piston cylinder 10 also includes a reinforcing plate, which is disposed between the outer surface of the cylinder body 14 and the second end cap 17.

[0050] It should be noted that the buffer also includes a support ring 90 and an elastic retaining ring. A stop protrusion is provided on the inner wall of the piston cylinder 10, and the support ring 90 is sandwiched between the elastic retaining ring and the stop protrusion. The second rod 23 passes through the inner hole of the support ring, and the support ring 90 guides the movement of the second rod 23, allowing the piston head 22 to move more smoothly within the piston cylinder 10. The support ring 90 also has a flow through-hole, which extends through the support ring in the thickness direction, allowing the elastic putty to flow on both sides of the support ring.

[0051] In this embodiment, when the buffer is in use, the first rod 21 is subjected to pressure, which drives the piston head 22 to move towards the second end of the piston cylinder 10 within the receiving space. This causes the pressure within the receiving space to increase. Simultaneously, the elastic putty in the second sub-space 13 enters the first sub-space 12 through the connecting hole 31. The elastic putty in the first sub-space 12 flows into the side of the piston head 22 away from the second end of the piston cylinder 10 through the gap between the piston head 22 and the surface of the receiving space, making the pressure of the elastic putty on both sides of the piston head 22 the same. At this time, the resistance provided by the buffer is F1 = P1 × S1, where P1 is the pressure inside the piston cylinder 10 and S1 is the cross-sectional area of ​​the first rod 21.

[0052] After the buffer is further compressed, the piston head 22 compresses the elastic element 40 until the piston head 22 is in contact with the baffle 30. The through hole 31 is blocked by the piston head 22, preventing the elastic putty on both sides of the piston head 22 from flowing to each other. The space between the piston head 22 and the first end of the piston cylinder 10 gradually increases, and the pressure decreases. Conversely, the space between the piston head 22 and the second end of the piston cylinder 10 gradually decreases, and the pressure gradually increases. At this point, the resistance provided by the buffer is F2 = P2 × S2, where P2 is the pressure in the space between the piston head 22 and the second end of the piston cylinder 10, and S2 is the cross-sectional area of ​​the outer circumferential surface of the baffle 30, since the through hole 31 is blocked by the piston head 22. The buffer's resistance is significantly increased, and the buffer achieves two levels of stiffness.

[0053] After the external force of the buffer disappears, the piston head 22 is affected by the pressure of the space between the piston head 22 and the second end of the piston cylinder 10, and gradually moves to the left. At the same time, under the action of the elastic element 40, the piston head 22 separates from the baffle 30. The elastic putty in the second subspace 13 flows into the side of the piston head 22 away from the second end of the piston cylinder 10 through the connecting hole 31 and the gap between the piston head 22 and the surface of the receiving space. The elastic putty in the first subspace 12 flows into the side of the piston head 22 away from the second end of the piston cylinder 10 through the gap between the piston head 22 and the surface of the receiving space.

[0054] The buffer in this embodiment has the following advantages:

[0055] (1) When the buffer reaches the predetermined resistance, the pressure inside the cylinder 14 is even lower:

[0056] It should be noted that in the relevant technology, the maximum resistance that the buffer can provide is F3, where F3 = P3 × S3, P3 is the pressure in the cavity of the cylinder, and S3 is the cross-sectional area of ​​the piston rod.

[0057] When the buffer is compressed, to achieve the same resistance, F2 = F1 is set, and F2 = P2 × S2, where the value of S2 is significantly greater than S3. That is, the buffer in this embodiment can achieve the predetermined resistance with less pressure, thereby reducing the pressure within the containment space and lowering the strength requirements of the related structures.

[0058] (2) The buffer can achieve two levels of stiffness:

[0059] When the buffer is first compressed, the buffer resistance is F1=P1×S1. The buffer resistance is relatively small and gentle, which is suitable for general working conditions.

[0060] When the buffer reaches a certain stroke, the piston head 22 and the baffle 30 are in contact, and the elastic putty cannot flow between the two sides of the piston head 22. At this time, the buffer resistance is F2=P2×S2. The buffer resistance increases rapidly, which can cope with sudden situations.

[0061] (3) The buffer takes into account reset performance, absorption rate and safety performance:

[0062] After the external force on the buffer disappears, the pressure between the piston head 22 and the second end of the piston cylinder 10 is relatively high, and the buffer's initial reset speed is relatively fast to prevent the buffer from being subjected to further impact.

[0063] Due to the action of the elastic element 40, the piston head 22 and the baffle 30 will slowly separate, allowing the elastic putty in the second subspace 13 to flow into the first subspace 12 through the connecting hole 31. The elastic putty in the first subspace 12 then flows into the side of the piston head 22 away from the second end of the piston cylinder 10 through the gap between the piston head 22 and the surface of the receiving space. Because the gap between the piston head 22 and the surface of the receiving space is small, a damping effect is generated, reducing the restoring force of the buffer and thus improving the buffer absorption rate.

[0064] (4) The guide cone rod 24 adopts a cone-shaped structure to reduce the recovery resistance.

[0065] It should be noted that the spring's elastic force is greater than or equal to 20kN and less than or equal to 50kN, and can be 20kN, 26kN, 30kN, 35kN, 40kN, 44kN, or 50kN. This ensures that the spring deforms normally, preventing it from being too weak to deform under excessive elastic force, and also preventing it from deforming under very little force, which would affect its normal use.

[0066] The maximum distance between the baffle 30 and the piston head 22 is greater than or equal to 20mm and less than or equal to 40mm. It can be 20mm, 25mm, 27mm, 30mm, 32mm, 38mm or 40mm. This ensures that the two-stage stiffness of the buffer is more reasonable when the buffer is in use.

[0067] The ratio of the sum of the cross-sectional areas of all the connecting holes 31 to the cross-sectional area of ​​the outer peripheral surface of the baffle 30 is greater than or equal to 0.25 and less than or equal to 0.4, and can be 0.25, 0.28, 0.3, 0.32, 0.36, 0.38, or 0.4. This is to avoid a ratio that is too small, which would affect the flow of the elastic putty and reduce the buffering effect, and a ratio that is too large, which would affect the structural strength of the baffle 30.

[0068] The coupler buffer device of this embodiment includes a buffer, which is the buffer described above. When compressed, the buffer provides resistance F2. Since the cross-sectional area of ​​the piston rod in the related art is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the baffle 30 in this embodiment, a larger pressure is required within the piston cylinder 10 to achieve the same resistance as F2. Therefore, by providing the piston head 22 and the baffle 30, this application achieves a reduction in pressure within the piston cylinder 10 while still providing the same resistance. The coupler buffer device with the aforementioned buffer also possesses the advantages described above.

[0069] The vehicle of this embodiment includes a coupler buffer device, which is the coupler buffer device described above. When the buffer of the coupler buffer device is compressed, the resistance provided by the buffer is F2. Since the cross-sectional area of ​​the piston rod in the related art is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the baffle 30 in this embodiment, a larger pressure is required within the piston cylinder 10 to achieve the same resistance as F2. Therefore, in this application, by providing the piston head 22 and the baffle 30, the pressure within the piston cylinder 10 can be reduced while still providing the same amount of resistance. Vehicles equipped with the aforementioned coupler buffer device also possess the aforementioned advantages.

[0070] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that "a plurality of" means two or more. Directional terms such as "front, back, up, down, left, right," "horizontal, vertical, perpendicular, horizontal," and "top, bottom" indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. These terms are used solely for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise stated, these directional terms do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this invention. The directional terms "inner" and "outer" refer to the inner or outer contours relative to the outline of each component itself.

[0071] For ease of description, spatial relative terms such as "above," "on top of," "on the upper surface of," "above," etc., are used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of a device or feature as shown in the figures to other devices or features. It should be understood that spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation beyond the orientation of the device as described in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures were inverted, a device described as "above" or "on top of" other devices or structures would subsequently be positioned as "below" or "under" other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below." The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptions used herein will be interpreted accordingly.

[0072] Furthermore, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to define components is merely for the purpose of distinguishing the corresponding components. Unless otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this invention.

[0073] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A buffer, characterized in that, include: Piston cylinder (10), the piston cylinder (10) is provided with a receiving space, and the first end of the piston cylinder (10) is provided with an avoidance through hole (11). A piston component (20) is movably disposed along the axial direction of the piston cylinder (10). The piston component (20) includes a first rod body (21) and a piston head (22) disposed on the first rod body (21). The first rod body (21) passes through the clearance through hole (11), and the piston head (22) is disposed within the receiving space. A baffle (30) is disposed within the accommodating space and is movably disposed along the axial direction of the piston cylinder (10). The baffle (30) divides the space between the side of the piston head (22) facing the second end of the piston cylinder (10) and the second end of the piston cylinder (10) into a first subspace (12) and a second subspace (13). The first subspace (12) is located on the side of the baffle (30) facing the piston head (22). The baffle (30) is provided with a through hole (31) extending along the axial direction of the piston cylinder (10). An elastic element (40) is disposed between the piston head (22) and the baffle (30) and applies an elastic force to the piston head (22) and the baffle (30) so that the piston element (20) and the baffle (30) can move away from each other; Elastic putty is disposed in the first subspace (12) and the second subspace (13).

2. The bumper of claim 1, wherein, The piston head (22) and the baffle (30) are movable relative to each other, and the piston head (22) and the baffle (30) have a fitted state and a separated state.

3. The bumper of claim 1, wherein, The piston component (20) further includes a second rod (23), the outer diameter of which is smaller than the outer diameter of the piston head (22). The second rod (23) is disposed at the end of the piston head (22) away from the first rod (21). The baffle (30) is provided with a mounting through hole (32), and the second rod (23) passes through the mounting through hole (32). The baffle (30) is movably disposed on the second rod (23), and the elastic element (40) is sleeved on the outer periphery of the second rod (23).

4. The bumper of claim 3, wherein, The buffer also includes a retaining ring (50), and an annular mounting groove (231) is provided on the outer surface of the second rod (23). The retaining ring (50) is disposed in the annular mounting groove (231) and is disposed on the side of the baffle (30) away from the piston head (22).

5. The bumper of claim 1, wherein, The buffer also includes a guide sleeve (60), and the piston head (22) has an annular mounting notch (221) on its outer periphery. The guide sleeve (60) is fitted around the outer periphery of the piston head (22) and located inside the annular mounting notch (221). There is a gap between the guide sleeve (60) and the inner wall of the piston cylinder (10), and / or, the piston component (20) also includes a guide cone rod (24), which is disposed between the first rod body (21) and the piston head (22). In the direction from the first rod body (21) to the piston head (22), the outer diameter of the guide cone rod (24) gradually increases.

6. The damper according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that The baffle (30) includes a plate (33) and a positioning protrusion (34) disposed on the side of the plate (33) facing the piston (20). The elastic member (40) is sleeved on the outer periphery of the positioning protrusion (34). The piston head (22) has a mounting groove (222) on its end face facing the baffle (30). The end of the elastic member (40) away from the baffle (30) is disposed in the mounting groove (222). The groove depth of the mounting groove (222) is greater than the axial height of the positioning protrusion (34).

7. The damper of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein, The buffer also includes an end plate (70) and a length adjustment structure (80). The end plate (70) is disposed at the end of the first rod (21) away from the piston head (22). The length adjustment structure (80) is disposed between the piston cylinder (10) and the end plate (70). The length adjustment structure (80) includes a pull rod (81) and an adjusting nut (82). The adjusting nut (82) is threadedly engaged with the pull rod (81). The piston cylinder (10) includes a cylinder body (14) and a mounting ring (15) disposed on the outer surface of the cylinder body (14). The first end of the pull rod (81) is disposed on the end plate (70). The pull rod (81) passes through the mounting ring (15). The adjusting nut (82) is disposed on the side of the mounting ring (15) away from the end plate (70).

8. The bumper of claim 7, wherein, The length adjustment structure (80) further includes a first occupant block (83), which is disposed between the mounting ring (15) and the adjusting nut (82). The first occupant block (83) is a semi-circular structure and is disposed around the outer periphery of the pull rod (81).

9. The bumper of claim 8, wherein, The length adjustment structure (80) further includes a second occupant block (84) and a fixing rope. The second occupant block (84) is disposed between the mounting ring (15) and the adjusting nut (82). The second occupant block (84) is a semi-circular structure. The second occupant block (84) is disposed around the outer periphery of the pull rod (81). The fixing rope is disposed around the outer periphery of the first occupant block (83) and the second occupant block (84).

10. The bumper of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein, The piston cylinder (10) includes a cylinder body (14), a first end cap (16), and a second end cap (17). The first end cap (16) and the second end cap (17) are respectively disposed at both ends of the cylinder body (14). The accommodating space is formed between the cylinder body (14), the first end cap (16), and the second end cap (17). The clearance through hole (11) is disposed on the first end cap (16). The first end cap (16) forms the first end of the piston cylinder (10), and the second end cap (17) forms the second end of the piston cylinder (10).

11. A vehicle coupling buffer device comprising a buffer, characterised in that The buffer is the buffer according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

12. A vehicle comprising a vehicle coupling buffer device, characterized in that The coupler buffer device is the coupler buffer device as described in claim 11.

Images